Technical Description

Information
SURPASS hiT 7070 3.0
Technical Description (TED)
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Technical Description (TED) Information
f Important Notice on Product Safety

Elevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment. Some of the
parts may also have elevated operating temperatures. Systems with forced ventilation have rotating
items.
Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal injury or in prop-
erty damage.
The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected has to comply
with the applicable safety standards.
Mount the systems in areas with restricted access only. Only trained and qualified personnel may
install, operate, and maintain the systems.
The same text in German:

Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit
In elektrischen Anlagen stehen zwangsläufig bestimmte Teile der Geräte unter Spannung. Einige Teile
können auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen. Anlagen mit Zwangsbelüftung haben drehende
Teile.
Eine Nichtbeachtung dieser Situation und der Warnungshinweise kann zu Körperverletzungen und
Sachschäden führen.
Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Angeschlossene Geräte
müssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfüllen.
Die Anlagen dürfen nur in Betriebsstätten mit beschränktem Zutritt aufgebaut werden. Die Anlagen
dürfen nur durch geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal installiert, betrieben und gewartet werden.
Trademarks:
All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.
Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2004.
Issued by the Communications Group

Hofmannstraße 51
D-81359 München
Technical modifications possible.

Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as
they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.
2 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Information Technical Description (TED)
This document consists of a total of 134 pages. All pages are issue 1.
Contents
1 Notes on this Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.1 Customer Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2 Complementary Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.5 Form for your Ideas, Proposals and Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Overview of the Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 Network Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3 Local Cross Connect Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.4 WDM Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.6 Ring Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.7 Special TCP/IP Functions in Data Communication Network . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.1 Basic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.1.1 SURPASS hiT 7070 Main Shelf Functionalities (SC/DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.1.2 SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf Functionalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.1.3 SURPASS hiT 7070 Protectionshelf Functionalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.4 Switch Fabric Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.4.1 SDH Higher Order VC-4 Switch Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.4.2 SDH Lower Order VC-3/12 Switch Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.1.4.3 RPR Ethernet Packet Switch/Layer 2 Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.1.5 Multiplexing and Mapping Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.1.5.1 SDH HO Multiplexing and Mapping Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.1.5.2 SDH LO Multiplexing and Mapping Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.1.5.3 PDH Mapping into SDH Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.1.5.4 Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.2 Control Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.3.1 Synchronous Equipment Timing Source, SETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.3.2 Timing Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.3.3 Real Time Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.4 Overhead Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.5 Engineering Order Wire (EOW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.6 Telemetry Interface (TIF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.7 Auxiliary Channels for SDH (V.11/X.21) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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5.8 Software/Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.9 Laser Safety, Automatic Laser Shut-down. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.10 Protection Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.10.1 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.10.2 1:1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.10.3 1:N Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.10.4 Bidirectional Self Healing Ring Protection Switching (BSHR) . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.10.4.1 4-Fibre Shared Protection Ring (BSHR-4) for STM-16/64 Interfaces . . . . . 42
5.10.4.2 2-Fibre Shared Protection Ring (BSHR-2) for STM-16/64 Interfaces . . . . . 44
5.10.4.3 Configurable Squelch Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.10.5 (1+1) Path Protection Switching
(Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.10.6 Packet Traffic Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.10.6.1 RPR Traffic Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.10.6.2 LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.10.7 Interface Card Protection (1+1 Port Protection). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.10.8 SDH Card Protection Combined with MSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.10.8.1 1:N card protection of the IFO155M-E cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.10.9 PDH Card Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.10.9.1 1:N card protection of the IF2M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.10.9.2 1 :1 card protection of the 35/45M (from R3.0 on) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.10.10 Core Card Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.10.10.1Card Protection HO Switch Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.10.10.2Card Protection LO Switch Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.10.10.3Central Clock Unit Card Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.10.11 Extension Shelf Protection (for PDH Microshelf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.10.12 Fan Unit Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.11 Extension Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.12 Operating Terminal TNMS CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.13 Connection to Network Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6 Components of the SURPASS hiT 7070 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.1 List of Cards Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.2 Power Supply of the Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.3 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 Gbit/s Interface (IFS40G-MX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
6.4 Single STM-64 Optical Interface (IFS10G/IFS10GB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.5 STM-64 Optical Interface for Metro WDM (IFS10G-M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.6 STM-64 Optical Interface for Long Haul WDM (IFS10G-R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.7 STM-64 Optical Interface for WLS WDM (IFS10G-WLS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.8 Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6.9 Quad STM-16 Optical Interface (IFQ2G5/IFQ2G5B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.10 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.11 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.12 Single STM-16 Optical Interface for WDM (IFS2G5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.13 Quad STM-4 Optical Interface (IFQ622M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
6.14 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.15 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M-E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
6.16 Ethernet Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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6.16.1 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Optical (IFQGBE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.16.2 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - GBE Optical - with L2 Service
Multiplexer (IFQGBEB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.16.3 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Electrical (IFQGBE-E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.16.4 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - GBE Electrical - with L2 Service
Multiplexer option (IFQGBEB-E). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.16.5 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Optical IFOFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.16.6 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical IFOFE-E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.16.7 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical IFOFES-E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.17 Interface Single Optical Amplifier IFSOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.18 Interface Single Optical Amplifier/PDC IFSOA-PDC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.19 Interface Single Optical Booster IFSOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.20 Interface Single Optical Booster/PDC IFSOB-PDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.21 2 Mbit/s PDH Interface (IF2M) for Single-Row Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.22 34/45 Mbit/s PDH Interface (IF345M) for Single-Row Subrack . . . . . . . . . 70
6.23 Line Switch Unit (LSU) for Single-Row Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.24 Switch Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.24.1 VC-4 Switch Fabric (SF160G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6.24.2 VC-3/12 Switch Fabric (SF10G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.24.3 VC-3/12 Switch Fabric (SF2G5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.24.4 RPR Packet Switch Fabric (PF2G5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.25 PDH Extension Link (LNQ622M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.26 Central Clock Unit (CLU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.27 System Controller (SCOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.28 Network Element Alarm Panel NEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.29 Connector Panel COPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.30 Clock Adapter Box T3/T4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.31 External Alarm Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.32 Telemetry Interface TIF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.33 Fan Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.34 External Shelves for Special Purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.34.1 SURPASS hiT 7070 Extension Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.34.1.1 Microshelf Core Card (ESM Core) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.34.1.2 Microshelf Connector Panel MS-COPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.34.1.3 Microshelf Alarm Panel MS-AP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.34.2 SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.34.3 SURPASS hiT 7070 Protectionshelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.34.3.1 Protectionshelf Connection and Alarm Panel (PS-COPA/NEAP) . . . . . . . . 78
6.34.3.2 Schematic Labelling of one Port of the Protectionshelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
7 Mechanical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7.1 Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
7.2 Fuse Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
7.3 Subracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7.3.1 Single-Row Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 SC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7.3.2 Double-Row Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
7.3.3 Microshelf Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 Microshelf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
7.3.4 Protectionshelf Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 Protectionshelf) . . . . . . . . . 84
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7.4 Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7.4.1 Insertion and Extraction Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
8 System Control and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

8.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
8.1.1 Operating Devices of the Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
8.1.2 Operating and Display Elements of the Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
8.2 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8.3 Control and Monitoring by the TNMS CT in LCT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8.3.1 Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
8.3.2 User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
8.4 Control and Monitoring by the TNMS CT in NCT mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
8.5 Control and Monitoring by a Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
9 Commissioning and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

9.1 Commissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
9.2 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
9.3 Self Test/Test Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10.1 Traffic Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10.1.1 40 Gbit/s (4 x STM-64) Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
10.1.2 Interface for Long-Haul DWDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
10.1.3 Interface for Metro DWDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
10.1.4 Optical STM-64 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
10.1.5 Optical STM-16 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
10.1.6 Optical STM-4 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
10.1.7 Optical STM-1 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
10.1.8 Electrical STM-1 Interface (ES1 acc. to ITU-T G.703) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
10.1.9 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
10.1.10 Electrical 34 / 45 Mbit/s Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
10.1.11 Gigabit Ethernet Interface (1000Base-SX/LX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10.1.12 Ethernet Interface 10/100/1000BaseT, Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10.1.13 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
10.2 Control Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.2.1 F Interface for Operating Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.2.2 Q Interface for Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.2.3 QF2 Interface for Network Management System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.2.4 Qext Interface for Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.3 Signaling Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.3.1 Fault Indication and Service Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.4 Overhead Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.4.1 EOW Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.4.2 V.11/X.21 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.5 External Alarm Interface (TIF) for Customer-specific Channels. . . . . . . . . 119
10.6 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
10.6.1 2048-kHz Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
10.6.2 2048-kbit/s Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
10.7 Protection Switching Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
10.7.1 Linear 1+1 MSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

10.7.2 Linear 1:N MSP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
10.7.3 Bidirectional Self-Healing Ring Protection BSHR-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
10.7.4 Bidirectional Self-Healing Ring Protection BSHR-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
10.7.5 SNC Path Protection Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
10.7.6 1:N Card Protection of the IFO155M-E (electr. 155Mbps/STM-1
Card Protection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
10.7.7 RPR Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
10.7.8 Optical Interface Card Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
10.7.9 1:N Card Protection of the IF2M (PDH Card Protection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
10.7.10 1+1 Card Protection of the IF345M (PDH Card Protection) . . . . . . . . . . . 122
10.7.11 Card Protection of HO Switch Fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
10.7.12 Card Protection of LO Switch Fabric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
10.7.13 Card Protection of CLU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
10.8 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
10.9 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
10.9.1 Climatic Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
10.9.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
10.10 Dimensions in mm (WxHxD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
10.11 Weights in kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
11 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
12 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 7
Illustrations
Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 4.3 Local Cross Connect Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Fig. 4.4 Metro-WDM Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Fig. 4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Fig. 4.6 Example for Multiple Ring Network and Ring Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fig. 5.1 Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7070 (Sample Configuration) . . . . . . . 23
Fig. 5.2 Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7070 Microshelf
(Sample Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Fig. 5.3 Higher Order VC-4 Switch Fabric Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Fig. 5.4 Lower Order VC-3/12 Switch Fabric Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fig. 5.5 RPR Ring (Routing Example) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Fig. 5.6 SDH and PDH Multiplex Structures used in SURPASS hiT 7070 . . . . . 29
Fig. 5.7 Overview of SETS Function According to ITU-T G.783 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fig. 5.8 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Fig. 5.9 1+1 Linear MSP, Switch to Protection Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 5.10 1+1 MSP, Equipment Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 5.11 1:1 MSP, Equipment Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fig. 5.12 Equipment Architecture for 1:N Linear MSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Fig. 5.13 BSHR-4, Equipment Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Fig. 5.14 Equipment Architecture for BSHR-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Fig. 5.15 1+1 SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Fig. 5.16 Relationship between the Ethernet and SDH Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Fig. 5.17 Fiber failure between Nodes 11 and 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Fig. 5.18 Principle of HO Switch Fabric Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Fig. 5.19 Principle of LO Switch Fabric Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Fig. 5.20 Traffic Flow between Main Shelf and Extension Shelf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Fig. 5.21 Interface Associations of a local / remote LCT, NCT and
TMN Transmission System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Fig. 5.22 Embedding of SURPASS hiT 7070 NEs in a TMN System . . . . . . . . . . 58
Fig. 6.1 Overview of the SURPASS hiT 7070 System Components . . . . . . . . . . 59
Fig. 6.2 Block Diagram of IFS40G-MX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Fig. 6.3 Front View of the NEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Fig. 6.4 Connector Locations on the COPA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Fig. 6.5 Connector Locations on the MS-COPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Fig. 6.6 Front View of the MS-AP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Fig. 6.7 Lambda Shelf, Wavelength Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Fig. 6.8 Multiplex Structure within the Lambda Shelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Fig. 6.9 Front panel view of the Protectionshelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Fig. 6.10 Protectionshelf PS-COPA/NEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Fig. 6.11 Labelling of a port of the Protectionshelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Fig. 7.1 ETSI Rack Equipped with One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC Double-Row
Subrack and One SURPASS hiT 7070 SC Single-Row Subrack . . . . . . 81
8 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Fig. 7.2 Single-Row Subrack, Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Fig. 7.3 Double-Row Subrack, Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Fig. 7.4 SURPASS hiT 7070 Microshelf Equipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Fig. 7.5 Subrack Protectionshelf (Frontview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fig. 7.6 Standard Card, Mechanical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Fig. 7.7 Half Height Card, Mechanical Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Fig. 7.8 Insertion and Extraction Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Fig. 8.1 LED Displays of the Cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Fig. 8.2 Sample Application for the LCT Mode in a Transmission Network . . . . 91
Fig. 8.3 Graphical User Interface for SURPASS hiT 7070 DC (Sample) . . . . . . 92
Fig. 8.4 Sample Application for NCT and LCT in a Transmission Network . . . . 93
Fig. 10.1 Definition of Measurement Points for 4 x 10 Gbit/s
line interface parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 9
Tables
Tab. 5.1 1+1 MSP, Traffic Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Tab. 5.2 1:1 MSP, Traffic Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Tab. 5.3 BSHR-4, Traffic Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Tab. 5.4 BSHR-2, Traffic Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Tab. 6.1 Overview of the Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Tab. 6.2 Alarm Displays of the NEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Tab. 6.3 LEDs in the QF2 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Tab. 6.4 EOW LED, Telephone Handset Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Tab. 6.5 PS-COPA/NEAP electrical interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Tab. 6.6 PS-COPA/NEAP alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Tab. 10.1 Characteristics of 40 Gbit/s (4 x STM-64) Interface (Part 1) . . . . . . . . . . 95
Tab. 10.2 Characteristics of 40 Gbit/s (4 x STM-64) Interface (Part 2) . . . . . . . . . . 96
Tab. 10.3 Characteristics of 1550 nm colored interfaces for long haul DWDM . . . 97
Tab. 10.4 WDM Frequencies and Wavelengths of the OTU Interface . . . . . . . . . . 98
Tab. 10.5 Characteristics of Optical 10 Gbit/s WDM Metro Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Tab. 10.6 Characteristics of STM-64 Interfaces I-64.1 and S-64.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Tab. 10.7 Characteristics of STM-64 Interfaces S64-2b, L64-2b and L64-3. . . . . 102
Tab. 10.8 Characteristics of STM-64 Interfaces S64-3b, V64-2a, V64-3 . . . . . . . 103
Tab. 10.9 Characteristics of STM-16 Interfaces I-16, S-16.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Tab. 10.10 Characteristics of STM-16 Interfaces L-16.1, L-16.2, L-16.3 . . . . . . . . 105
Tab. 10.11 Characteristics of STM-16 JE-33dB-16.2/3 and
JE 47dB-16.2/3 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Tab. 10.12 Characteristics of STM-16 WDM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Tab. 10.13 Characteristics of STM-4 Interfaces S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2, L-4.3 . . . . . . . 109
Tab. 10.14 Characteristics of STM-16 V-4.2 and V-4.3 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Tab. 10.15 Characteristics of Optical STM-1 Interfaces S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2, L-1.3 . 112
Tab. 10.16 Characteristic of Electrical 34 Mbit/s Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Tab. 10.17 Characteristics of Electrical 45 Mbit/s Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Tab. 10.18 Characteristics of Optical 1.250 GBaud Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Tab. 10.19 Characteristics of Optical 125 Mbaud Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
10 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
1 Notes on this Documentation
1.1 Customer Documentation

The Customer Documentation of the SURPASS hiT 7070 comprises the following
descriptions and manuals:
• Technical Description (TED)

The Technical Description TED gives an overview of the application, performance
features, interfaces and functions of the SURPASS hiT 7070. It also contains the
most important technical data.
The Technical Description does not contain any instructions to be carried out.
i
• Installation and Test Manual (ITMN)
The Installation and Test Manual ITMN contains instructions on mounting,
connecting and commissioning the SURPASS hiT 7070, and connecting and
commissioning the LCT and NCT operating terminals.
Any work using the Installation and Test Manual ITMN presumes knowledge of the
Operator Guidelines OGL.
• Operator Guidelines (OGL)

The Operator Guidelines provide information on how to operate, monitor and
maintain the SURPASS hiT 7070 using the Element Manager software (Application
Software) running on the LCT or NCT operating terminal.
Besides the OGL, the Online Help of the SURPASS hiT 7070 software is of high
i importance for the operator.
In addition to GUI window descriptions and task instructions, the Operator Guidelines
describe remedial actions to be followed in the case of alarms.
• Graphical User Interface Manual (GUIMN)

The contents of the Graphical User Interface Manual are identical to the complete
online help, but converted to a printable PDF file. In addition, every GUI-related help
window is supplemented by a sample screenshot.
1.2 Complementary Documents

In addition to the SURPASS hiT 7070 customer documentation listed in Chapter 1.1,
there is further documentation:
• SURPASS hiT 7070 Release Note

This document identifies the specific version of the SURPASS hiT 7070 and
provides information on HW, SW, LCT/NCT components and the limitations of the
release as well as important notes concerning the customer documentation.
• TNMS CT User Manual

This manual provides information about the TNMS CT software, integrating
description, installation, operation and a graphical user interface explanation.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 11
• SURPASS hiT 7070 Cabling Plan

This document provides detailed information about the external interfaces and the
external cabling of the SURPASS hiT 7070 subrack. The Cabling Plan is supplied
with the separate Complementary Documentation of the SURPASS hiT7070 (CD-
ROM ordering number S42022-L5035-R1).
• SIPAC Installation Instruction

This document provides detailed information about the SIPAC connectors and their
handling. The SIPAC Installation Instruction is supplied with the separate
Complementary Documentation of the SURPASS hiT7070 (CD-ROM ordering
number S42022-L5035-R1).
1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

This symbol identifies notes which, if ignored, can result in personal injury or in
! permanent damage to the equipment.
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes

This symbol identifies notes providing information which extends beyond the immediate
i context.
⇒ Denotes a point in the text which contains specific handling instructions.
☞ Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or cross reference to other

manuals.
Help Note on the online help system of the relevant application software concerned.
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs

Menu options from pop-up menus or inputs to be made by the user (texts, commands)
are displayed consecutively in their hierarchical sequence in pointed brackets:
<Menu> <Menu item> <Command text> <Parameter> etc.
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software

This documentation refers to software products which were taken over from other
companies as licenses.
Should problems arise, you should contact Siemens AG as the licensee and not the
relevant licenser.
For details about the used software licenses please contact your Siemens sales and
distribution partner.
12 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
1.5 Form for your Ideas, Proposals and Corrections

We aim to provide clear, user-friendly documentation. To achieve this objective, your
practical experience is very important. We appreciate your suggestions.
To offer you, the user, a cost-effective opportunity to identify weak points or requests for
documentation, we have compiled a form for you on the next page. You can use it as a
master or as a printout in electronic documentation.
Please enter your ideas, proposals and corrections on the copy (enclose further
pages, if required).
The following points are of particular importance to us:

• Where are we offering too much or too little detail?
• Where should more explanatory graphics be used?
• Where is the description difficult to understand?
• How can the basic structure of the description or the manual be improved?
Please forward your feedback as a letter, fax or E-Mail to our address given overleaf.
If you want a reply or need to discuss anything with us, please complete the “Sender”
field in full.
Many thanks for your feedback!
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 13
To Sender
SIEMENS AG Name:
Siemens Communications
Com FN T D PD ..........................................................................
Hofmannstrasse 51
D-81359 Munich, Germany Address:
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
Department: Tel./Fax:
E-Mail:
................................... ....................................
Date: Signed:
....................................
I use this manual as My functions include

(...) Service documentation (...) System commissioning/Startup
(...) Commissioning/System startup documentation (...) Operation
(...) A general introduction (...) Maintenance
(...) A reference work (...) Sales
(...) A text book (...) Teaching activities
(...) _______________________________ (...) _______________________________
Page Comments on the Documents TED, ITMN, OGL, GUIMN or on the Online Help1)
1) Please mark the document concerned.
14 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
2 Introduction
SURPASS hiT 7070 is a multi-service provisioning platform with add/drop, terminal and
cross-connect functionality for universal installation at all network levels.
All applications can be implemented using a single subrack. Reconfiguration during
operation is possible.
SURPASS hiT 7070 transports data signals and standard voice based traffic over one
single platform. For transporting data in the most economic way, the SURPASS hiT
70xx product line combines technologies such as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) with the reliability and robustness of SDH networks
and a quality of service.
Due to its flexibility a huge amount of application fields for SURPASS hiT 7070 network
elements are available in different transport layers:
• Local: Access Layer Narrowband (SDH)
• Regional: Metropolitan Layer Broadband (SDH / DWDM)
• National: Long Distance Layer Broadband (SDH / DWDM)
The SURPASS hiT 7070 provides full cross connectivity between all interfaces. The
capacity of the central switching network is:
• up to 1024x1024 STM-1equivalents for DC systems. This is valid for the layer VC-4
and for all cross connection types (unidirectional, bidirectional and broadcast).
Additionally, if one or more low order switch card is plugged in the system, up to
64x64 VC-4 equivalents can be cross-connected on a VC-3 and VC-12 level for each
low order switch card.
• up to 704x704 STM-1 equivalents for SC systems. This is valid for the layer VC-4
and for all cross connection types (unidirectional, bidirectional and broadcast).
Additionally, if one or more low order switch card is plugged in the system, up to
64x64 VC-4 equivalents can be cross-connected on a VC-3 and VC-12 level for each
low order switch card.
Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint Ethernet traffic is supported.
”State-of-the-art” protection switching mechanisms are supported to enable an optimum
network with the very highest reliability to be realized – depending on the relevant
network topology and the requirements of the network operator, see Chapter 5.10.
According to requirements two SURPASS hiT 7070 subrack types are available: single-
row subrack (SC) and double-row subrack (DC). Furthermore subracks for special
cases (e.g. extension shelf for PDH cards) are available (for SC only), see Chapter 7.3.
For detailed information about the features of SURPASS hiT 7070 see Chapter 3.
i
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 15
3 Overview of the Main Features

Subrack Types
– Double-row subrack (DC)
– Single-row subrack (SC)
Extension shelves
– Metro WDM OADM (Lambda Shelf)
– Booster/Preamplifier shelf
– DCM shelf
– PDH extension shelf (Microshelf)
– Protectionshelf for electrical STM-1 card protection
Switch Matrices
– Double-row subrack: Fully non-blocking switching matrix 160 Gbit/s switching
capacity with VC-4 granularity
– Single-row subrack: Fully non-blocking switching matrix 110 Gbit/s switching
capacity with VC-4 granularity
– Fully non-blocking switching matrix with VC-12 and VC-3 granularity
– Packet fabric for Resilient Package Rings with 2.5 Gbit/s capacity
Interface Types
– Electrical traffic interfaces: 2/34/45 Mbit/s, STM-1
– Optical traffic interfaces: STM-1/4/16/64, 40 Gbit/s optical traffic interface, 2,5 Gbit/s
colored interface, 10 Gbit/s colored interface, 10 Gbit/s colored interface (long haul)
with FEC
– Ethernet interfaces: 10/100/1000 BaseT, 100 Base LX/FX, 1000BaseLX/SX
– Sonet Transparency (as Clear Channel): STS-3c, STS-12-3c, STS-12c; STS-48-3c,
STS-48-12c, STS-48c; STS-192-3c, STS-192-12c, STS-192-48c and STS-192c
NE features
– Automatic SW download, plug and play on a per card and port granularity
– Auto link detection
– Virtual concatenation (VC-3, VC-4, VC-12) and contiguous concatenation VC-4
– Engineering order wire (EOW)
– Configurable squelch tables
– LCAS implementation according to G.7042
– OSI traffic over IP
– IP traffic over OSI (IP tunneling)
– L2 Service Multiplexer
– Ethernet functionality: mapping, using GFP-F, into VC-12, VC-12-mv; m=1…46; VC-
3, VC-3-2v, VC-4, VC-4-nv; n=1…7
– Far-end VC-12-mv performance data calculation at LPOM, LPT and group LPT
Protection
– MSP (1+1) for STM-1/4/16/64
– MSP (1:1) for STM-1/4/16/64
– 1+1 port protection for STM-1/4/16/64 optical and for STM-1 electrical
– 1+1 protection of switching matrices
– 1:N card protection for 2 Mbit/s/STM-1 Electrical
– SNCP
16 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
– 4-fiber shared ring (MS SPRING-4) for STM-16/64

– 2-fiber and multiple 2-fiber shared ring protection for STM16/64 (MS SPRING-2)
– MSP (1:N) for STM-1/4/16/64
– Support on low priority traffic on 2-fiber STM-16/STM-64 rings
– 1+1 card protection for 34/45 Mbit/s
– Revertive mode in case of 1:1 equipment protection
Ethernet Functionality
– Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041)
– GFP mapping and GFP sub-channeling for Ethernet traffic
– Ethernet flow control and traffic shaping adjustable in steps of 1 Mbit/s
– Up to 8 virtual concatenated groups at the 10/100 BaseT board and up to 4 virtual
concatenated groups at the GbE boards
RPR Functionality
– Ring capacity of 1 x VC-4 or 1 x VC-4-4v
– 4 remote ports with a bandwidth of up to 100 Mbit/s (FE, VC-3, VC-3-2v) each
or 1 remote port with a bandwidth of 450 Mbit/s (GbE, VC-4 or VC-4-4v)
– Support of 4 RPR cards per NE
– Support of 2 to 16 nodes per RPR ring
– Ring circumference 1000 km
– Span length between 2 RPR nodes max. 160 km
– Support of 4094 CUGs (i.e. separated customer groups)
– Multi-customer sharing one port (MCUG support)
– Transparency for >L2 protocols
– Support of two traffic priorities: stream and best effort
– Fairness protocol for best effort traffic
– Automatic topology discovery protocol
– L2 Routing with shortest path optimization
– Behavior like a distributed L2 switch
– Performance management on a bytes and frame basis
– No broadcast limitation
– RPR Std. MIB acc. To 802.17 (RPR MAC)
– RPR Bridge MIB conf. To 802.1D (Client)
– Configurable access and support of at least 32 DCCs
TMN Embedding
– Element management by TNMS CT
– Service/Network/Element management by TNMS-C
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 17
4 Network Applications
The SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements (NE) can be used in a straightforward way
of creating point-to-point connections, linear chain configurations and ring
configurations.
According to requirements, equipping for different application scenarios is possible:
– Fully meshed network topology
– Terminal-to-terminal topologies
– Linear topologies with add/drop function (chains)
– Local cross connect function
– Ring topologies with add/drop function
– Multiple ring closures
– Ring gateway operation
– Metro WDM Operations
– 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation
– Static and dynamic IP routing
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies

Terminal-to-terminal links are supported by SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements in
TMX application.
Within this application up to 80 Gbit/s bidirectional traffic can transported between both
network elements.
Fig. 4.1 shows a straightforward point-to-point network with one TMX at the transmitting
end and another at the receiving end and additionally a protection switching MSP.
n Gbit/s working
hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070
n Gbit/s protection
TDM/data TDM/data
interfaces interfaces
Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link
At the TMX, the client equipment is connected to the TMX through the tributary
interfaces (TDM or data traffic). A single VC-4 switch fabric in SURPASS hiT 7070 DC
can add/drop up to a total of 1024 x 1024 VC-4 equivalent at any station. In addition, a
VC-3/12 switch fabric can also be cascaded with the existing VC-4 switch fabric, if lower
order switching granularity is required.
Apart from that, if native Ethernet frame handling is required, then the TMX can also be
equipped with GFP traffic interfaces.
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not
mandatory.
18 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function

Linear chains are supported by SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements in ADMX
application. Fig. 4.2 shows an example for an application with protection switching
MSP.
n Gbit/s working n Gbit/s working
hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070
n Gbit/s protection n Gbit/s protection
TDM/data TDM/data TDM/data

interfaces interfaces interfaces
Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain
An ADMX is normally used at an intermediate site to add/drop client traffic. In Fig. 4.2,
an ADMX is located in between two TMXs. At the ADMX, selected traffic are add/drop
either at VC-4 or VC-3/12 level, while through connected traffic are transparently passed
through.
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not
mandatory.
4.3 Local Cross Connect Function

Typically, an operator’s network consists not only of a single ring but multiple rings, with
each ring covering different geographical boundary. SURPASS hiT 7070 network
elements can be deployed at the hub of a network as an LXC, routing transit traffic going
from one ring to another ring.
Line Line
hiT 7070
TDM/data
interfaces
Fig. 4.3 Local Cross Connect Function
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 19
4.4 WDM Operation

As a special variant of linear topologies, the link between the two SURPASS hiT 7070
network elements may be realized via WDM equipment. SURPASS hiT 7070 systems
provide dedicated colored interfaces (with OTU2 signal framing) for Metro-WDM
applications.
From an SURPASS hiT 7070 point of view, the traffic behavior is identical between a
point-to-point linear topology and a WDM based topology.
OTU2 OTU2
10 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
hiT 7070 hiT 7070
n x 10 Gbit/s
TDM/data TDM/data
Fig. 4.4 Metro-WDM Link
4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation

40 Gbit/s WDM operation is realized with the aid of an optical mux/demux. The 40 Gbit/s
optical mux/demux aggregates 4 x 10 Gbit/s into a single optical 40 Gbit/s signal
(see Fig. 4.5).
hiT 7070 hiT 7070
10 Gbit/s λ1 λ1 10 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s λ2 40 Gbit/s
λ2 10 Gbit/s
MUX/ MUX/
10 Gbit/s
λ3 DEMUX λ1... λ4 DEMUX λ3 10 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s λ4 λ4 10 Gbit/s
STM-64 STM-64
TDM/data TDM/data
Fig. 4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation
There is no physical difference between operation of SURPASS hiT 7070 via Metro-
i WDM links or via SURPASS hiT 7070 integrated WDM MUX/DEMUX link (40 Gbit/s
interface by spectrally multiplexing four 10 Gbit/s channels). In case of 40 Gbit/s
operation, the MUX/DEMUX device is part of the SURPASS hiT 7070 system.
20 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
4.6 Ring Topologies

With SURPASS hiT 7070 the following ring topologies are possible (see Fig. 4.6):
a) Standard Single Ring Topology
NE serves one single ring topology.
Unprotected rings, BSHR/2 topologies respective BSHR/4 topologies at STM-16
and STM-64 interfaces are supported by SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements.
The maximum number of network elements within a BSHR/2 or BSHR/4 ring is
limited to 16 (according to recommendation ITU-T G.841).
b) Single Ring Closure
Link of two ring topologies using one network element.
2-fiber ring topologies respective 4-fiber ring topologies (unprotected ring or BSHR/2
or BSHR/4 or SNCP) at STM-16 and STM-64 interfaces are supported by SURPASS
hiT 7070 network elements. The maximum number of network elements within a
BSHR/2 or BSHR/4 ring is limited to 16 (according to recommendation ITU-T
G.841).
c) Multiple Ring Closure
Link of two ring topologies at two (or more) different network elements.
Ring topologies configured with STM-64 and at STM-16 interfaces of SURPASS
hiT 7070 and the respective counterparts at other SURPASS hiT 7070, TransXpress
SL or TransXpress SMA equipment can be interconnected.
The maximum number of network elements within each separate BSHR/2 or
BSHR/4 ring is limited to 16 (according to recommendation ITU-T G.841).
d) Ring Gateway Operations
Ring gateways between two rings are possible. As an example, Fig. 4.6 shows a
backbone ring and a 2.5-Gbit/s (STM-16) ring with a gateway function via two
STM-16 connections between different SURPASS hiT 70xx systems.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 21
hiT 7050
a)
hiT 7070
2.5 Gbit/s
c) c)
hiT 7070 hiT 7070
hiT 7050
hiT 7070
a)
hiT 7070 a) a) hiT 7070
hiT 7070
b) hiT 7070 STM-N d)
d)
hiT 7070
a)
2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s

hiT 7070 hiT 7070
a)
hiT 7070
hiT 7070
a) a)
hiT 7050
a) Standard Ring Topology

b) Single Ring Closure
b) Multiple Ring Closure
c) Ring Gateway Options
Fig. 4.6 Example for Multiple Ring Network and Ring Gateways
4.7 Special TCP/IP Functions in Data Communication Network

In layer 3 (network protocols), IP provides the network layer for TCP. The protocol also
forwards plain IP packets between different interfaces (Ethernet, ECC) to other hosts.
The SURPASS hiT 7070 provides static and dynamic IP routing. This protocol is
managed by SNMP. The OSPF routing protocol provides the exchange of routing
information between IP stacks. The exchange of routing information is required for
correct forwarding of IP packets to other IP hosts. This protocol is managed by SNMP.
22 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
5 System Description
The following sub-chapters give an functional overview of the main features of
SURPASS hiT 7070 uncoupled to the physically interfaces. For information about
hardware relevant features please refer to Chapter 6.
5.1 Basic Functions
5.1.1 SURPASS hiT 7070 Main Shelf Functionalities (SC/DC)

Fig. 5.1 shows the basic functional structure of SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements
single core (SC) or double core (DC) in a sample configuration.
SURPASS hiT 7070

(SC/DC subrack)
Synchronization Management Customer purpose
interfaces interfaces interfaces
T3 T4 Q F TIF X.21 EOW
Central Main
clock
unit controller
Opt.
MUX /
40 Gbit/s DEMUX
SDH High order SDH

STM-64 STM-64
card switch fabric card
Packet Ethernet Ethernet Low

SDH SDH
switch card card order Extension
card card
fabric opt. electr. switch link card
SFP SFP fabric 1)
module module
PDH PDH
card card
(SC only) (SC only)
STM-1/ STM-1 Optical Electrical 2/34/45 Mbit/s 2/34/45 Mbit/s

STM-4/ electr. Gigabit Gigabit Ethernet / electr. electr.
STM-16 Ethernet Fast Ethernet
1) mandatory in hiT 7070 SC with PDH interfaces
Fig. 5.1 Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7070 (Sample Configuration)
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 23
The send/receive cards (SDH card) carry out the conversion to optical/electrical signals.
The SDH cards can be equipped with various transceiver modules (SFP modules) in
several distance variants for bit rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s. Furthermore single port cards for
2.5 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s are available in several distance variants (no SFP modules).
Additionally 40 Gbit/s can be linked on a single fiber by means of embedded WDM.
The central element of SURPASS hiT 7070, the VC-4 switch fabric provides a switching
capacity of up to 1024 x 1024 STM-1 equivalents (in sum: 160 Gbit/s). To improve the
availability of the system, a duplicated equipping of the card is possible.
A lower order switch fabric can be equipped for VC-3 Ethernet traffic or in single-row
subracks for switching on VC-3 or VC-12 level e.g. for electrical 2 Mbit/s interfaces (PDH
card).
The low-order switch fabrics can also be plugged in the DC. But here only to cross-
connect 2/34/45 Mbps traffic coming from the Microshelves.
The PDH card works as an electrical interface and supplies 63 bidirectional 2
Mbit/sPorts and 3 bidirectional 34/45 Mbit/s
The main controller card provides the control and supervision facilities of the
SURPASS hiT 7070. All data handling to/from the TMN system is managed by this
controller device.
Maximum utilization of HO switch fabric’s capacity can be provided by using external
Microshelves. In this case an extension link card is used for interconnection between the
hiT 7070 subrack and the Microshelf.
The central clock unit card provides the clock distribution within the SURPASS hiT 7070
system. To improve the availability, a duplicated equipping of the central clock unit card
is possible.
Several Ethernet cards (opt. or electr.) with different ports are available within the
SURPASS hiT 7070 system.
The packet switch fabric card provides access to data services, originated from Ethernet
cards. By means of an embedded network processor, this card offers access to RPR
functionalities.
5.1.2 SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf Functionalities

Fig. 5.2 shows the basic functional structure of SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf in
a sample configuration.
The SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf contains a core card which provides an optical
622 Mbit/s link to the main shelf (SC or DC) and manages1:N equipment protection for
the PDH cards (four working cards and one protection card). For redundancy purposes,
the core card can be equipped twice in a PDH Microshelf for 1+1 card/link protection.
24 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
SURPASS hiT 7070 Main Shelf (via extension link card in SC/DC subrack)
Microshelf
Microshelf
Core Card
PDH PDH PDH traffic slots PDH

card card card
2/34/45 Mbit/s 2/34/45 Mbit/s 2/34/45 Mbit/s

electr. electr. electr.
Fig. 5.2 Block Diagram of SURPASS hiT 7070 Microshelf

(Sample Configuration)
5.1.3 SURPASS hiT 7070 Protectionshelf Functionalities

The Protectionshelf offers an external solution for a 1:N (N <= 3) card protection for the
STM-1 electrical interface card IFO155M-E . The cabling between the Protectionshelf
and the main shelf is done via standard STM-1 coaxial cables.
The shelf consists of:
• subrack Protectionshelf STM-1 (SRP1-MSI)
• switching traffic card incl. power and controller (PSMain).
5.1.4 Switch Fabric Functions
5.1.4.1 SDH Higher Order VC-4 Switch Functions

The VC-4 switch fabric is implemented in the SF160G card (see Chapter 6.24.1).
Fig. 5.3 gives an overview on the VC-4 switch fabric.
from to
SDH-Interface SDH-Interface
VC-4
Ethernet Interface Ethernet Interface
Switch fabric
LO VC-3/12 switch LO VC-3/12 switch
Packet switch Packet switch
Fig. 5.3 Higher Order VC-4 Switch Fabric Overview
The VC-4 switch fabric is a strictly non-blocking matrix (square matrix) for point-to-point
and point-to-multipoint connections from any input port to any output port.
The switch fabric allows the following connections:
• Bi-directional point-to-point
• Uni-directional point-to-point
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 25
• Broadcast; uni-directional point-to-multipoint (1 → m, with m ≤ 1024/64) including

1+1 SNCP head-end
• 1 of 2 selector for 1+1 SNCP tail-end
• Drop and continue; broadcast and selector for 1+1 SNCP tail-end
• MSP/BSHR switching including card release switching
• VC-3/12 switch fabric card protection
The HO switch fabric performs the bridge and selector functionality for SNCP. The
protection switching criteria (SF, SD) are detected on the SDH interface cards.
In addition the HO switch fabric performs the bridge and selector for MSP and BSHR.
The protection switching criteria (SF, SD) and the automatic protection switching
protocol are handled on the SDH interface cards.
The switching matrix is transparent for contiguously concatenated VC-4-Xc
(X = 4/16/64). These are handled as individual VC-4s in the hardware. In case of
VC-4-Xc connection request the software has to initiate the individual VC-4 connections.
The Higher Order VC-4 switch fabric and Lower Order VC-3/12 switch fabrics are
i represented as separate entities to the outside (management system). They are not
managed as one switch fabric.
5.1.4.2 SDH Lower Order VC-3/12 Switch Functions

The VC-3/12 switch fabric is implemented in the SF10G/SF2G5 cards (see
Chapter 6.24.3).
Fig. 5.4 gives an overview on the lower order VC-3/12 switch fabric.
from LO to
traffic cards Multiplexer traffic cards
Mapper
from VC-3/12 to
PDH-Interface Switch fabric PDH-Interface
(hiT 7070 SC only) (hiT 7070 SC only)
Fig. 5.4 Lower Order VC-3/12 Switch Fabric Overview
The VC-3/12 switch fabric is connected with internal traffic signals to the SDH Lower
Order Multiplexer and Mapper on the same card and in the single row rack only to the
2 Mbit/s PDH interfaces. The VC-3/12 are transported within the internal traffic signal.
It is a non-blocking matrix for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections from any
input port to any output port.
The switch fabric allows the following connections:
• Bi-directional point-to-point
• Uni-directional point-to-point
• Broadcast; uni-directional point-to-multipoint (1 → m, with m ≤ 1008 VC-12 and
48 VC-3 for SF2G5 and 4032 VC-12 and 192 VC-3 for SF10G) including 1+1 SNCP
head-end
26 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
• 1 of 2 selector for 1+1 SNCP tail-end

• Drop and continue; broadcast and selector for 1+1 SNCP tail-end
• PDH card protection
The VC-3/12 switch fabric performs the bridge and selector for LO SNCP. The
protection switching criteria (SF, SD) are detected on LO Multiplexer/Mapper on the
same card.
A SURPASS hiT 7070 NE can be equipped with multiple lower order VC-3/12 switch
i fabrics. They are, as well as the higher order VC-4 switch fabric, represented as
separate entities to the outside (management system). They are not managed as one
switch fabric.
5.1.4.3 RPR Ethernet Packet Switch/Layer 2 Functions

In addition to the TDM switch fabric functions on VC-4 and VC-3/VC-12 level, SURPASS
hiT 7070 can also be equipped with a 2.5 Gbit/s RPR switch fabric. This packet switch
fabric operates like a Layer 2 switch. It terminates the VCs, extracts the Ethernet frames
from the VCs and switches the frames to its destination port based on the Ethernet MAC
address.
Fig. 5.5 shows two routing examples for a Resilient Packet Ring RPR.
Example 1:
63
The frame may always 18
passing through
“clockwise”:
35
Example 2:
63
The same frame may 18
passing through on the
“shortest path”:
35
Legend:
n Ring node
Fig. 5.5 RPR Ring (Routing Example)
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 27
There is more than one way possible to pass through from the source node to the
destination node. Therefore routing is necessary. In both examples shown in Fig. 5.5
the traffic frame enters at node 35 and leaves the ring at node 1. In Example 1 the
direction of the ring is always clockwise, in Example 2 the ring direction is configured as
“shortest path”.
RPR Features Overview:
• Topology
The RPR is a bi-directional ring with nodes, traffic is added to or dropped from the
ring via client logical ports.
• Number of nodes
The RPR consists of up to 16 nodes in Siemens RPR.
• Number of tributaries
Every node has up to 64 tributary ports, where traffic may be added to or dropped
from the ring.
• Closed User Groups
Any arbitrary set of logical ports can be combined to a Closed User Group (CUG).
Any broadcast or flooded unicast is limited to this CUG. The CUG forms a broadcast
domain. Additionally no traffic can cross the border between different CUGs or steal
resources in the ring from other CUGs. The CUGs form a VPN at layer 2. This allows
the carrier to handle the traffic from different customers in the same ring.
• Ethernet Bridging
Inside a CUG all incoming Ethernet frames are routed according to 802.1D (not all
features of 802.1D are supported, e.g. Spanning Tree Protocol is not supported
actively). All routing decisions are based upon the MAC destination address of the
Ethernet frame. MAC address tables in every RPR node learn the location of specific
MAC addresses. If the location of a MAC address of an incoming frame is already
listed in the MAC address table, the frame is routed via the shortest path to the
destination. If the MAC address is unknown, the frame is flooded in the whole CUG.
• Encapsulation
All incoming Ethernet frames are encapsulated with a Siemens proprietary RPR
header. This header is used to route the frame through the ring. At the destination
node the encapsulation is removed. All routing decisions are made at the ingress
node and are stored in the RPR header (source steering). The encapsulation
guarantees that the original frame can be forwarded untouched in the ring, e.g. TTL
handling is done in the encapsulation header and not in the original Ethernet frame.
• Shortest Path Routing
All frames follow the shortest path inside the ring from source node to destination
node. To calculate the shortest path, RPR specific protocols inside the ring.
• Spatial reuse
As a consequence of shortest path routing, every traffic flow uses a part of the ring
only. The unused parts of the ring can be reclaimed by other traffic flows.
• RPR Protection
Any failure of a link or a node is treated as a change of topology. In the case of a
failure Shortest Path Routing recalculates all routes.
• Service Level agreements
The carrier can configure different service level agreements for different customers.
The RPR nodes police these service level agreements.
• Service classes
Two service classes are available. The Stream class offers guaranteed bandwidth
and a bounded delay. The Best Effort class guarantees fair access. If the reserved
28 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
bandwidth for stream traffic is temporarily not used, this bandwidth can be reclaimed
by the Best Effort class.
• Dynamic Priority Mapping
The service class of an incoming packet can be determined dynamically based upon
the VLAN tag of the packet.
• Stream Bandwidth reservation
To offer guaranteed bandwidth, a reservation is needed in the ring. This reservation
is done via TNMS.
• Fairness
In case of congestion the ring bandwidth is given in a fair manner to the Best Effort
traffic flows and the different CUGs. To achieve this, congested nodes send
congestion information to upstream nodes.
• Loss of frames
The Stream service class offers lossless transport of Ethernet frames. “Lossless”
means, that no frames are discarded due to traffic congestion. Different from that is
the Best Effort service class, where losses are possible due to congestion.
• Random Early Detect
If congestion occurs in the Best Effort class, traffic is discarded using the RED
algorithm (Random Early Detect). The RED algorithm is chosen because it gives the
best results for link utilization and overall delay.
5.1.5 Multiplexing and Mapping Functions

Fig. 5.6 shows the multiplexing and mapping structure of SURPASS hiT 7070
according to ITU-T G.707.
Fig. 5.6 SDH and PDH Multiplex Structures used in SURPASS hiT 7070
5.1.5.1 SDH HO Multiplexing and Mapping Functions

In interface to switch fabric direction the regenerator and multiplex sections are
terminated and the incoming VC-4s or VC-4-Xc are aligned with the internal T0 system
clock on the interface cards.
In switch fabric to interface direction the selected AU-4-(Xc) payload is inserted into the
STM-N frame on the interface cards and MS and RS overhead is added.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 29
Multiplexing and mapping is performed in accordance with ITU-T G.707, as summarized

in the list below. The proprietary 40Git/s metro-WDM interface is composed of four
independent 10 Gbit/s interfaces (multiplexing into STM-256 does not take place. VC4-
256c is not supported).
The SURPASS hiT 7070 implements the following HO multiplexing and mapping
functionality according to ITU-T G.707:
• dynamic alignment of VC-4-Xc and VC-4-Xv within the AU-N frame
• multiplexing of AU-4 into AUG-1
• multiplexing of AUG-N into STM-N
• multiplexing of AUG-N into AUG-4xN
5.1.5.2 SDH LO Multiplexing and Mapping Functions

The TU-3s are multiplexed into Vc-4 via TUG-3. The TU-12s are multiplexed via TUG-
2 and TUG-3 into VC-4. TU-12s and TU-3s originating from the PDH Microshelf are
multiplexed into VC-4.
The SURPASS hiT 7070 implements the following LO multiplexing and mapping
functionality according to ITU-T G.707:
• alignment of VC-12 within the TU-3 frame
• multiplexing of three TU-12s into TUG-2
• multiplexing of seven TUG-2s into TUG-3
• alignment of VC-3 within the TU-3 frame
• multiplexing of one TU-3 into TUG-3
• multiplexing of three TUG-3 into VC-4
5.1.5.3 PDH Mapping into SDH Containers

The SURPASS hiT 7070 (via single-row subrack SC and via Microshelf connected to a
DC) implements the following mapping of PDH signals on SDH containers:
• In source direction the 2 Mbit/s PDH signal is asynchronously mapped into a C-12
container, which is then complemented by path overhead bytes resulting in VC-12.
• The asynchronous mapping of both structured acc. to G.703 and unstructured
payloads (acc. to G.703 and G.704) is supported.
• The VC-12s are further multiplexed into VC-4 via TU-12, TUG-2, and TUG-3.
• In sink direction the incoming VC-4 is demultiplexed to VC-12, the VC-12 path is
terminated, and the 2 Mbit/s PDH signals are demapped from C-12.
The 34 Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s signals are mapped into VC-3 asynchronously according to
ITU-T G.707. Further multiplexing into and demultiplexing from VC-4 is performed on
the LO switch fabric cards.
5.1.5.4 Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The SURPASS hiT 7070 supports Ethernet frame mapping into SDH containers. This
mapping function is supported for all Ethernet interface types (i.e. 10/100/1000 Mbit/s).
Virtually concatenated VC-3 or VC-3-2v containers are available for independent
mapping of each Ethernet port traffic. VC-3s are further mapped into VC-4s by the POS
device.
Ethernet Packet Ring Conversion

Frames acc. to IEEE 802.3 need to be converted in an RPR frame.
30 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Ethernet Mapping into SDH Containers

Ethernet frame mapping into SDH containers requires encapsulation by using an
appropriate protocol and mapping of the resulting frame into an SDH container.
SURPASS hiT 7070 supports the "Generic Framing Procedure" GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041)
protocol. The encapsulated protocol frames can be mapped into different SDH container
sizes using the virtual concatenation technique.
Ethernet Mapping into HO Virtually Concatenated Containers

Encapsulated frames can be mapped into different HO container sizes providing a
scalable solution that covers applications and services with very different transport
capacity requirements. HO virtual concatenation is applicable for all Ethernet interface
types (i.e. 10/100/1000 Mbit/s).
Non concatenated VC-4 containers or virtually concatenated VC-4-Nv (N = 2...6) for
10/100 Mbit/s (for GFP subchanneling) and VC-4-Nv (N = 2...8) for 1000 Mbit/s
containers are available for independent mapping of each Ethernet port traffic. This will
result in a configurable transport capacity with a granularity of 150 Mbit/s (rough value
of VC-4 payload).
Ethernet Mapping into LO Virtually Concatenated Containers

This mapping function is supported for all Ethernet interface types (i.e.
10/100/1000 Mbit/s).
Non-concatenated VC-3/VC-12 containers or virtually concatenated VC-3/VC-12-Mv (M
= 2...46) containers are available for independent mapping of each Ethernet port traffic.
GFP Mapping
GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals over
a transport network. For GFP client signal adaptation the SURPASS hiT 7070 Ethernet
interfaces support a PDU-oriented adaptation mode, referred as Frame-Mapped GFP
(GFP-F).
GFP does not rely on flag characters, and associated control escape octet, for frame
delineation purposes as does HDLC. Instead, GFP uses a variation of the HEC-based
(Header Error Control) frame delineation mechanism defined for Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM). This avoids indeterministic expansion of the client signal due to
insertion of control escape characters.
Multiplexing of up to 8 data channels (Ethernet port traffic) into group(s) of virtually
concatenated containers are provided. The multiplexing function utilizes the channel-ID
byte of the GFP-F header. Adding of the GFP-F extension header is optional and will be
performed only, if multiplexing is required.
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

For low order virtual concatenated signals (i.e. VC-3 and VC-12) the Link Capacity
Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) according to ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305 and their respective
recommendations is supported for the Ethernet Interface card IFOFES.
Virtual concatenation can be used without LCAS, but LCAS itself is based on a fully
featured virtual concatenation. Fully featured virtual concatenation includes also the
possibility of sending members of one VCG (virtual concatenated group) on different
paths.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 31
While virtual concatenation is done by software means (i.e. a table that defines the
correlation between virtual containers and virtual concatenated groups) and a one-way
multi-frame protocol using the H4 POH byte for VC-3 VCGs or bit 2 of the K4 byte for
VC-12 VCGs, LCAS extends the H4 or bit 2 of the K4 byte to a two-way handshake
signaling protocol. Status messages are continuously exchanged and consequent
actions are taken. This enables synchronization of changes in the capacity of the
transmitter (Source, So) and the receiver (Sink, Sk).
With LCAS the following two issues associated with virtual concatenation are
addressed:
• Hitless increase and decrease the capacity of VCG
• Reasonable handling of member failures
Using LCAS, not all members of a VCG need to be active in order to pass data from So
to Sk. The VCG has to be defined first. Then the So and Sk equipment take care which
members shall carry traffic. No node in between is touched for this process.
Within LCAS, a control packet is defined that carries the following fields:
• MST (Member Status) - carries information from Sk to So, regarding the status of all
the members of the same VCG
• RS-Ack (Re-Sequence Acknowledge bit) - sent from Sk to So to indicate that the
changes initiated by the transmitter were accepted and the So can begin accepting
the new member status information
• SQ (Sequence Indicator) - number that identifies each member in a VCG
• CTRL (Control) - sent from So to Sk to provide the status of the individual member
of the group. This field also is used to request the addition or removal of members
from the VCG
• GID (Group Identification bit) - sent from So to SK for the identification of the VCG.
The GID bit of all members of the same VCG has the same value in all frames with
the same MFI (Multi-frame Indicator). The GID bit follows a PRBS and is introduced
by means of hardware
• CRC - Used to protect each control message. In case of LCAS based on LO virtual
concatenation (e.g. VC-12) this is a CRC-3. In case of LCAS based on HO virtual
concatenation (VC-3/VC-4) this is a CRC-8
5.2 Control Architecture

System control and monitoring is performed by a distributed architecture of
interconnected microprocessors.
Alarm and status information is processed on each unit by an independent Card
Controller Module (CCM). The main controller ‘System Controller and Overhead
Processor’ (SCOH) monitors and controls all components of the SURPASS hiT 7070
network element.
The SCOH communicates with the traffic cards via different internal interfaces.
The Q interface is a ITU-T M.3010 interface with high speed Ethernet access
(10/100 BASE-T full/half duplex). The SCOH also provides an F interface to a TNMS CT
in LCT mode.
The customer purpose interfaces (TIF, X.21/V11 and EOW/Handset) are also controlled
by the main controller SCOH.
32 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
5.3 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization

Frequency-synchronous network operation requires synchronization of all equipment
operating in the network to a central reference clock pulse.
The following reference signals are suitable as clock pulse sources:
– An external 2048-kHz/2048-kbit/s clock pulse signal T3 which can be applied at a
synchronization input of a terminal multiplexer or add/drop multiplexer,
– The clock pulse derived from any STM-N signal.
The clock pulse of each network element can be synchronized with a very precise clock
pulse source (Primary Reference Clock, PRC) according to the master-slave principle.
The clock pulse information is distributed via the transport network.
5.3.1 Synchronous Equipment Timing Source, SETS

Within each network element (except for regenerators), the SETS (Synchronous
Equipment Timing Source) function on the CLU card takes care of local synchronizing.
The signals T1 (STM signals) and T3 (2048 kHz/2048 kbit/s) feed the clock pulse
information into the SETS (see Fig. 5.7). One of these signals is used as the current
synchronizing source. The SETS function derives the clock pulse T0 from this. Each
outgoing SDH signal is synchronized from this T0 clock pulse and T0 is also used as the
central clock pulse within the network element.
6 Selection
Selection Squelch T4
A
C
8
T1
2 Selection
T3 SETG T0
B
Osc.
Osc. Internal Oscillator Function

SETG Synchronous Equipment Timing Generator Function
T0 NE-Internal System Clock Pulse
T1 Synchronizing from STM-N Port
T3 Synchronizing from External 2048-kHz / 2048-kbit/s Clock Pulse
T4 Outgoing, External Synchronous Clock Pulse 2048 kHz / 2048 Mbit/s
Fig. 5.7 Overview of SETS Function According to ITU-T G.783
The SETS function does not only supply the synchronous clock pulse to the cards within
the network elements, but also via the T4 interface to other equipment. After a
synchronization fault in the transmission line, sections of the transmission range are no
longer permanently coupled to the Primary Reference Source PRC. In this case, the
clock pulse synchronization has to be configured new in the network structure. For this,
each SETS can be synchronized with different T1 or T3 sources. When configuring in
the course of commissioning the SURPASS hiT 7070 equipment, the clock pulse source
to be used is specified.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 33
If an existing synchronization with a configurable set of reference clock pulse sources is

no longer available, the SETS switches from synchronous operation to the holdover
mode.
If the SETS cannot be synchronized with any external clock pulse source, it changes to
the free-running mode.
In both modes, holdover and free-running, the SETS independently supplies clock pulse
T0 from the Timing Generator SETG, but with reduced frequency and phase quality. In
this case, clock pulse T4 is no longer made available because of clock pulse
suppression which occurs in that instance (Squelch Function).
5.3.2 Timing Marker

Because it is possible to choose between clock pulse sources of different precision, it is
useful to transmit information about the quality of the clock pulse used. Otherwise, the
reference clock pulse used is selected according to a given priority list. In case of same
signal quality from different sources the highest priority is chosen.
The Synchronization Status Message is contained in the MSOH of the STM-N signal.
5.3.3 Real Time Clock

For time stamps (time and date) in error and operational messages of the SURPASS
hiT 7070 a real time clock is available on the CLU card (circuit section SETS).
The real time clock can be set via the LCT/NCT operating terminal or a network
management system.
Setting is possible for day, month, year, hour, minute, and second, where the possible
range for the date is from 1 January 1980 up to 31 December 2035 (other values will be
rejected, tenth seconds are ignored).
5.4 Overhead Access

SURPASS hiT 7070 provides access to overhead bytes in accordance to ITU-T G.707.
This is implemented in the Overhead Module (OHM) located within the SCOH.
Overhead access to all SDH SOH-bytes (of STM-N, SOH number 1) is possible.
Access to the POH byte F2 is possible at path terminating points (in the low-order switch
fabric). This allows the control of a remote network termination equipment (e.g.
TransXpress SMA1k or SURPASS hiT 7050) via a DCC built with the F2 byte with a
transport capacity of 64 kbit/s.
Furthermore this DCC can be tunnelled through third-party SDH networks.
Overhead access is also used for the processing of Auxiliary (AUX) and Engineering
Order Wire (EOW) channels. For further details on AUX and EOW functionalities see
chapters 5.7 to 5.6.
The following list gives an overview to the accessible overhead bytes, which are defined
for use as overhead channels with SURPASS hiT 7070:
– EOW channels – bytes E1 and/or E2,
– An RSOH user definable channel – byte F1,
– DCCR channels – bytes D1 to D3,
– DCCM channels – bytes D4 to D12,
– Special DCCs – byte F2.
34 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
A set of MSOH bytes is defined for use as one high capacity overhead channel (HCOC)
and/or for 64 kbit/s channels accessible via X.21 interfaces.
5.5 Engineering Order Wire (EOW)

The engineering order wire channels are transmitted via the EOW bytes E1 and E2 acc.
to ITU-T. They can be accessed via the overhead cross-connection and EOW
connection functions and one handset with a two wire analogue interface. In addition a
4-wire analogue telephone interface is supported (voice mode only).
Telephone Conference Circuit

Up to eight subscribers can use the conference at the same time (one EOW conference
is supported). The telephone conference circuit allows the interconnection of external
speech channels (e.g. from “East” and “West” line signals as well as tributary signals; 2-
wire and 4-wire) so that each subscriber is connected with every other subscriber.
Correct connection of the EOW channels into a conference or in a ring structure is the
responsibility of the system administrator.
Selective Call, Group Call and Collective Call

3-digit selective, group and conference call numbers are supported in which case the
directory numbers 000, XY0 and X00 are reserved for collective call and group call (see
Manual “Operator Guidelines OGL”).
5.6 Telemetry Interface (TIF)

The Telemetry Interface (TIF) is an external signaling interface of a network element
providing 8 external sensors (inputs).
A TIF input supervises the input voltage against ground. The relation between the input
state (active, inactive) and the logical alarm (raised, cleared) can be configured via the
management interface.
The parameters determine the required voltage level behavior for an activated (raised)
external sensor input of the TIF, where each individual sensor input can be configured
to:
– active GROUND (Default value) or
– active OPEN.
An active GROUND polarity means a low voltage difference for an activated sensor
contact and a high voltage difference for a non-activated sensor contact.
An active OPEN polarity means a high voltage difference for an activated sensor contact
and a low voltage difference for a non-activated sensor contact.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 35
5.7 Auxiliary Channels for SDH (V.11/X.21)

The SURPASS hiT 7070 provides four bi-directional data-transparent physical V.11
interfaces.
Each V.11/X.21 interface provides the following signal lines:
– transmit data (out)
– receive data (in)
– clock (out)
This enables the implementation of four independent synchronous V.11 interfaces.
The term “V.11/X.21 acc. to ITU-T recommendations X.21/RS485” denotes that only the
X.21 physical layer, which responds to a synchronous V.11 interface, is supported.
Furthermore, this means communication over X.21 physical layer using the V.11/RS485
standard. A dedicated X.21 compliant protocol is not supported.
Each V.11/X.21 interface has a basic capacity of 64 kbit/s.
The four V.11/X.21 interfaces can be individually cross-connected to accessible OH-
bytes via the overhead cross-connect function (OHCC), which is part of the main
controller SCOH.
5.8 Software/Firmware
Each card has an on-board micro-controller for the purpose of monitoring, controlling,
and maintaining status information. It is programmed with embedded firmware held in
EPROMs.
A software download facility is available for all units. The download is provided via
element manager or local craft terminal, for both remotely or locally.
The internal configuration database of the system can be uploaded and downloaded. It
is stored redundantly and robust to any card failure.
Persistent data storage

The management information base (MIB) is held persistently on the following storage
media within the network element:
– Multimedia card flash memory MMC (MMC-MIB1 and MMC-MIB2),
– NVRAM (readable and writable).
The MMC is located on the system controller card. In case of a main controller HW
failure the MMC card can be removed and plugged into a new SCOH card retaining
persistent data stored in the MMC. The two MMC-MIBs (MMC-MIB1, MMC-MIB2) will
be used alternately. This is to have always a backup copy in case of a MIB writing failure.
In case of a failure, only the configurations which are done in the last minutes may be
lost. This can happen in case of a power fail with an subsequent reboot.
5.9 Laser Safety, Automatic Laser Shut-down

To prevent possible personal injury by emerging laser light in the case of line interruption
(e.g. fiber break), the SURPASS hiT 7070 equipment contains a laser safety shut-down
function (ALS Automatic Laser Shut-down) according to ITU-T Recommendation G.958.
In the case of signal failure at the optical receiver of an SURPASS hit 7070 equipment,
the laser transmitter is switched off in this equipment for the opposite direction and
thereby the disturbed link is taken out of operation. The laser transmitter is then switched
36 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
on periodically every 100 s for testing (variable pulse width configurable from 2 s to
100 s in 1 s steps). If the receiver of the concerned device receives a valid signal again,
the laser transmitter of the opposite direction is immediately put into continuous
operation again.
When switching on internal power supplies or after a laser switch-off caused by total
failure of the power supply in the telecommunications center, the laser transmitter(s) will
be forced switched on after the permissible operating conditions have been reached. In
this way the line is automatically put back into operation.
In the case of line interruption or for maintenance work, the laser transmitter might be
switched on manually for a configurable period of time or approximately 90 s (test
purposes).
5.10 Protection Switching

SURPASS hiT 7070 supports the following protection functions:
• TDM traffic protection (e.g. MSP, BSHR, SNCP),
• Packet traffic protection and
• Equipment protection (SDH and PDH card protection, fan unit protection).
Traffic protection features are closely coupled to equipment protection features defined
i in Chapter 5.10.8 et seqq. Card release switching is manually controllable.
The different types of protection switching including their functionalities are described
below in detail.
5.10.1 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Fig. 5.8 shows the general switching architecture for realizing a linear 1+1 MSP with two
line interfaces.
Working Port
Switch Fabric
Bridge
Selector
Working
Traffic
Protection Port
Fig. 5.8 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case

In 1+1 Linear MSP, the outgoing traffic is always transmitted over the working and
protection card simultaneously (MSP bridge) via the switch fabric. The incoming traffic
is selected from the working card via the selector of the switch fabric.
In case of fiber break (Fig. 5.9), the SDH card detects the fault and the switch fabric
selector automatically selects the incoming traffic from the protection card.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 37
Working Port
Switch Fabric
Bridge
Selector
Working
Traffic
Protection Port
Fig. 5.9 1+1 Linear MSP, Switch to Protection Line

The traffic interfaces listed in Tab. 5.1 support the 1+1 protection scheme:
Traffic Interface Traffic Signal Ports per Card

(see 6.1)
IFS10G(B) STM-64 1
IFS10G-M STM-64 colored, 1
for Metro applications
IFS10G-R STM-64 colored, 1
for Long Haul applications
IFS10G-WLS STM-64 coloured for WLS 1
application
IFQ2G5(B) STM-16 4
IFS2G5(B) STM-16 1
IFQ622M STM-4 4
IFO155M STM-1 8
IFO155M-E STM-1, electrical 8
Tab. 5.1 1+1 MSP, Traffic Interfaces
Fig. 5.10 shows the equipment architecture for implementing the 1+1 MSP.
SDH interface card

(1 port) SF160G
VC-4 switch
SDH interface card
(1 port)
y
x
Fig. 5.10 1+1 MSP, Equipment Architecture
38 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
MSP Protection Characteristics

– Architecture: 1+1
– Switching type: unidirectional or bi-directional (single ended or dual ended)
– Operation type: revertive or non-revertive
Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process

Linear MSP can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
• Internal switch requests:
– Signal Failure, SF (from LOS, LOF, AIS, TIM)
– Signal Degrade, SD (from DEG)
– Card Failure, CF (card fail in combination with card release switching)
• External switch requests (configurable via QST)
One at a time selectable from possible values:
– Lockout of Protection, LP
– Forced Switch, FS_P (working traffic to protection line)
– Forced Switch, FS_W (working traffic to working line)
– Manual Switch, MS_P (working traffic to protection line)
– Manual Switch, MS_W (working traffic to working line)
– Clear
5.10.2 1:1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Linear 1:1 MSP is similar to 1+1 MSP, except that the protection path can be used to
transmit low priority traffic under normal working condition. The working path will be
used to carry the High priority traffic. If the working path breaks down, the low priority
traffic will be pre-empted, and the high priority traffic will be switched over the protection
path.
The traffic interfaces listed in Tab. 5.2 support the 1:1 protection scheme:

(see 6.1)
IFS10G(B) STM-64 1
IFS10G-M STM-64 coloured, 1
IFS10G-R STM-64 coloured for 1
interworking with hiT 7500
and MTS1c
application
IFQ2G5(B) STM-16 4
IFS2G5 STM-16 1
IFQ622M STM-4 4
IFO155M STM-1 8
IFO155M-E STM-1 8
Tab. 5.2 1:1 MSP, Traffic Interfaces
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 39
Fig. 5.11 shows the equipment architecture for implementing the 1:1 MSP.
Fig. 5.11 1:1 MSP, Equipment Architecture

– Architecture: 1:1 with extra traffic
– Switching type: bidirectional
– Operation Type: revertive

terminal/OS.
– Signal Failure, SF (from LOS,LOF, AIS, TIM)
– Signal Degrade, SD (from DEG)
• External switch requests (configurable via QST):
One a time selectable from possible values:
– Forced Switch, FS_P (working traffic to protection line)
– Forced Switch, FS_EP (extra traffic to protection line)
– Manual Switch, MS_P (working traffic to protection line)
– Exercise Switch, EXER
– Clear
5.10.3 1:N Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Fig. 5.12 shows the equipment architecture for implementing the 1:N line MSP
protection scheme. 1:N line MSP is supported by all STM interfaces. The allowed range
of N is 1 ≤ N ≤ 14 for STM-1/4/16 and 1 ≤ N ≤ 7 for STM-16/64. The only limitation for
cards involved is that those cards must be connected to the same DOH-bus in one 1:N
line MSP group. Arbitrary ports of any card may be included as long as the total number
of ports does not exceed 14+1 resp. 7+1.
40 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
SDH interface card

working ports only
SF160G
VC-4 switch
SDH interface card

working ports only
y
x
SDH interface card

working ports +
protection port
Fig. 5.12 Equipment Architecture for 1:N Linear MSP
The MSP switching is performed by re-routing in the VC-4 switch located on the SF160G
cards in the main subrack. Fault detection and protection control is performed on the
SDH interface cards (IFO155M, IFO155M-E, IFQ622M, IFS2G5(B), IFQ2G5(B),
IFS10G(B), IFS10G-M/R/WLS). The control communication is handled via an internal
bus between the cards.
Note that 1:N line MSP is realized purely as traffic protection, it cannot be combined with
i SDH interface card protection. Card failures of the involved SDH interface cards do not
lead to 1:N line MSP protection switching.

– 1:N with N ≤ 14 for STM-1/4/16 and N ≤ 7 for STM-16/64
– Switching type: bi-directional
– Operation type: revertive
In R3 only N = 3 will be tested for STM-16 and STM-64.
i
terminal/OS.
– Signal Failure, SF-H (triggered by LOS, LOF, AIS, TIM of a high priority section)
– Signal Failure, SF-L (triggered by LOS, LOF, AIS, TIM of a low priority section)
– Signal Degrade, SD-H (triggered by DEG of a high priority section)
– Signal Degrade, SD-L (triggered by DEG of a low priority section)
• MSP commands (configurable via QST)
Switch commands – one at a time for an entire protection group – selectable from
possible values:
– Forced Switch, FS
– Manual Switch, MS
– Exercise Switch, EXER
– Clear
Control commands – one at a time for each normal traffic channel in a protection
group – selectable from possible values:
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 41
– Clear Lockout of normal traffic signal from protection

– Lockout of normal traffic signal from protection
5.10.4 Bidirectional Self Healing Ring Protection Switching (BSHR)

In rings, the same protection switching measures as for line and path protection
switching are possible including also bidirectional, self-healing ring protection switching
(BSHR). In the case of interference in a multiplex section, the data signal is looped back
at the two ends of the disturbed section via the protection line. Protection switching
mechanisms for 4-fiber rings (BSHR-4) and 2-fiber rings (BSHR-2) have been
implemented.
5.10.4.1 4-Fibre Shared Protection Ring (BSHR-4) for STM-16/64 Interfaces

A self-healing STM-N 4-fiber shared protection ring (BSHR-4) consists of a minimum of
3 NEs and a maximum of 16 NEs. All spans of the ring have equal priority for protection
switching.
The APS protocol for BSHR according to ITU-T standard G.841 is used. The BSHR-4
operates in revertive mode, with the Wait to Restore time configurable by the operator.
Protection switching is controlled using the K1 and K2 bytes as recommended by ITU-T
G.841.
Apart from that, squelch tables can be configured by the operator in order to avoid
misconnections in case of multiple span failures. (The squelch table is similar to a ring
map which consists of a list of all the nodes ID within the ring. It is used to ensure that
all the traffic enter and leave the correct node.).
Note that only BSHR-4 for "inter-card" channels of the same technology (electrical or
i optical) and STM-N port capacity (disregarding the number of ports) is supported.
Fig. 5.13 shows the equipment architecture for implementing the BSHR-4.
SDH SDH
interface interface
west card card east
(1 port) SF160G (1 port)
working working
VC-4 switch
SDH y SDH
interface interface
west card x card east
protection (1 port) (1 port) protection
Fig. 5.13 BSHR-4, Equipment Architecture
The traffic interfaces listed in Tab. 5.3 support the BSHR/4 protection scheme:
42 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618

(see 6.1)
IFS10G(B) STM-64 1
IFS10G-M STM-64 colored, 1
application
IFS10G-R card STM-64 coloured for 1
interworking with hiT 7500
and MTS1c
IFQ2G5(B) STM-16 4
IFS2G5(B) STM-16 1
Tab. 5.3 BSHR-4, Traffic Interfaces
BSHR-4 Protection Characteristics

– Architecture: BSHR-4 without extra traffic
– Switching type: bidirectional (dual ended)
– Squelch tables: VC-4 squelching according to ITU-T G.841

BSHR-4 can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
– Signal Failure - Ring, SF-R (from LOS, LOF, AIS, TIM)
– Signal Degrade - Ring, SD-R (from DEG)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Ring switch for East and West, LOW(R-EW)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Ring switch for East, LOW(R-E)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Ring switch for West, LOW(R-W)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Span switch for East and West, LOW(S-EW)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Span switch for East, LOW(S-E)
– Lockout Of Working channels - Span switch for West, LOW(S-W)
– Lockout of Protection – all spans, LP
– Lockout of Protection – Span for East, LP-S(E)
– Lockout of Protection – Span for West, LP-S(W)
– Forced Switch to protection – Span for East, FS-S(E)
– Forced Switch to protection – Span for West, FS-S(W)
– Forced Switch to protection – Ring for East, FS-R(E)
– Forced Switch to protection – Ring for West, FS-R(W)
– Manual Switch to protection – Span for East, MS-S(E)
– Manual Switch to protection – Span for West, MS-S(W)
– Manual Switch to protection – Ring for East, MS-R(E)
– Manual Switch to protection – Ring for West, MS-R(W)
– Exercise – Span for East, EXER-S(E)
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 43
– Exercise – Span for West, EXER-S(W)

– Exercise – Ring for East, EXER-R(E)
– Exercise – Ring for West, EXER-R(W)
– Clear
The operator commands apply to a span and therefore the appropriate command
i should be applied to the node on the other side of the concerned span(s) also.
5.10.4.2 2-Fibre Shared Protection Ring (BSHR-2) for STM-16/64 Interfaces

A self-healing STM-N 2-fiber shared protection ring (BSHR-2) consists of a minimum of
3 NEs and a maximum of 16 NEs. All spans of the ring have equal priority for protection
switching. Multiple 2-fiber BSHR can be supported at STM-16 and STM-64 interfaces.
Using BSHR-2, half of the total ring capacity is always reserved for protection. If a fiber
break occurs, the traffic will be re-routed in the opposite direction via the protection path,
back to the terminating equipment. In SURPASS hiT 7070, the BSHR-2 is always in
revertive mode.
The APS protocol for BSHR according to ITU-T standard G.841 is used.
Note that only BSHR-2 for "inter-card" channels of the same technology (electrical or
i optical) and STM-N port capacity (disregarding the number of ports) is supported.
Fig. 5.14 shows the equipment architecture for implementing the BSHR-2.
SDH SF160G SDH

interface VC-4 switch interface
card card
west (1 port) (1 port) east
y
x
Fig. 5.14 Equipment Architecture for BSHR-2
The traffic interfaces listed in Tab. 5.4 support the BSHR-2 protection scheme:

(see 6.1)
IFS10G(B) STM-64 1
IFS10G-M STM-64 coloured, 1
IFS10G-R STM-64 coloured, 1
for Long Haul applications
application
IFQ2G5(B) STM-16 4
44 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618

(see 6.1)
IFS2G5(B) STM-16 1
BSHR-2 Protection Characteristics

– Architecture: BSHR-2 without extra traffic
– Switching type: bidirectional (dual ended)
– Squelch tables: VC-4 squelching according to ITU-T G.841

BSHR-2 can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
– Signal Failure - Ring, SF-R (from LOS, LOF, AIS, TIM)
– Signal Degrade - Ring, SD-R (from DEG)
– Lockout Of Working channels for East and West, LOW(EW)
– Lockout Of Working channels for East, LOW(E)
– Lockout Of Working channels for West, LOW(W)
– Forced Ring Switch for East, FS-R(E)
– Forced Ring Switch for West, FS-R(W)
– Manual Ring Switch for East, MS-R(E)
– Manual Ring Switch for West, MS-R(W)
– Exercise Ring Switch for East, EXER-S(E)
– Exercise Ring Switch for West, EXER-S(W)
– Clear
– Lockout of Protection - All Spans
– Lockout of Protection - Span for East (LP-S(E))
– Lockout of Protection - Span for West (LP-S(W))
Protection switching is controlled using the K1 and K2 bytes as recommended by
ITU-T G.841.
Note that interworking with legacy equipment (e.g. SURPASS hiT7070 Release 2.1)
i with respect to the Lockout of Protection commands is not possible, as those commands
are only implemented for SURPASS hiT7070 Release 3.
5.10.4.3 Configurable Squelch Tables

The operator can configure in 'squelch tables' the information necessary to avoid
misconnections (traffic routed to the wrong destination) in case of ring segmentation
(possible in case of multiple span failures or nodal failures). Squelch tables provide
information concerning the nodes where traffic channel enters and exits the ring and
based on this information, undeliverable traffic will be squelched (AIS is inserted
instead).
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 45
For both west and east interface of each node the ID of the source of the traffic received
by that interface and the ID of the destination of the traffic transmitted by that interface
has to be configured.
Note that the squelch table format is different from the format of the cross-connect map
in ITU-T Figure 7-6/G.841:
The G.841 depicts for one direction (either west or east) the transmitted VC's point-of-
view: i.e. the origin of a transmitted VC (Src) and to which node this transmitted VC is
being sent (Dst)
The hiT 7070 approach is to configure for one direction (either west or east) the CTP's
point-of-view: i.e. from which node a VC on this interface is currently being received
(Src) and to which node a VC on this interface is being sent (Dst).
Squelching is performed by replacing a VC-4 with an AU-AIS signal if – and only if – this
VC-4 is “added to” or “dropped from” the BSHR ring at a node which is unreachable
because the ring is segmented due to multiple failures. Squelching is performed at the
NEs which re-routes this VC-4 from a working channel to a protecting channel or vice
versa.
5.10.5 (1+1) Path Protection Switching

(Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNCP)
The data signal is transmitted in a ring structure via two different paths and can be
implemented in line or ring structures. The changeover criteria (evaluation of the path
overhead) are specified individually when configuring the network element. A protection
protocol is not required.
The switchover to the protection path occurs in the “non-revertive” mode, i.e if there was
a switchover to the protection path as a result of a transmission fault, there is no
automatic switch-back to the original path once the fault is rectified, but only if there is a
fault on this new path.
Working Path
Head End: Switch Fabric Switch Fabric Tail End:

Permanent Selection
Broadcast
Protection Path
Fig. 5.15 1+1 SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070
SNCP is realized within the switch fabric cards. At the head end, the working and
protection signal is always broadcast simultaneously to the tail end. The switch fabric at
the tail end will then select either one of the signals (see Fig. 5.15).
In SURPASS hiT 7070, the 1+1 SNCP can be categorized into
• High Order SNCP realized within the HO switch fabric card and
• Low Order SNCP realized within the LO switch fabric card.
46 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
☞ For information about the cards used in SURPASS hiT 7070 see Chapter 6.
Both the High Order and Low Order SNCP are handled independently. Thus, it is
possible to have both HO and LO SNCP working together simultaneously in cascaded
form. SNCP and MSP/BSHR can be configured independently at the same time.
The implementation of 1+1 SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070 is in accordance with
ITU-T G.783.
SNCP Protection Characteristics

– Layer: VC-12, VC-12-nv (n = 1...46), VC-3, VC-3-2v, VC-4, VC-4-nv (n = 2...8, 16,
64), VC-4-nc (n = 4, 16, 64).
– Switching type: unidirectional (single ended)
– Operation type: non-revertive

1+1 SNCP can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
– Signal Failure, SF (from SSF, TSF)
– Signal Degrade, SD (from TSD)
– Lock-out, LO
– Forced switch to protection, FS-P
– Manual switch to working/protection
– Clear
5.10.6 Packet Traffic Protection
Ethernet
SDH
Fig. 5.16 Relationship between the Ethernet and SDH Layer
Fig. 5.16 depicts the relationship between the Ethernet and SDH layer with the Ethernet
layer laying atop of the SDH layer. Since the SDH layer provides the underlying
transport mechanism for Ethernet, the Ethernet layer can utilize all the well-known SDH
protection schemes like BSHR, MSP and etc.
Additionally it is possible for the Ethernet layer to use its own L2 protection scheme
"RPR Traffic Protection”.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 47
The following protection schemes from the data world are used in SURPASS hiT 7070:
• RPR layer 2 protection
• LCAS with diverse path routing.
5.10.6.1 RPR Traffic Protection

In SURPASS hiT 7070, the RPR will use steering as a protection mechanism against
any fiber failure. Whenever a RPR node detects a fiber failure at one of its ports, it will
instantly send out an alarm topology command to inform all the other nodes in the ring.
11 16
13
Fig. 5.17 Fiber failure between Nodes 11 and 16
In the example shown in Fig. 5.17, a fiber cut occurs between node 11 and 16. Node
11 and 16 detects the fiber cut, and both of them will automatically send out an alarm
topology command to alert all the nodes in ring. As a consequence, node 13, 7 and 1
will then update their MAC address table respectively so that no traffic will be routed
through the failed span until the fault is fixed.
5.10.6.2 LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme)

In coping with the rapidly changing bandwidth requirements in today's metropolitan
network services, the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) has been defined
under ITU-T G.7042.
This standard enables the dynamic and hitless (non-traffic affecting) addition and
removal of individual VCs from a VC group. This enables customers to modify their
subscribed bandwidth in accordance with actual usage or as stipulated in the Service
Level Agreement.
A point to point link realized with the Ethernet card IFOFES-E can be protected by
LCAS. Here the complete capacity of the point-to-point link consists of multiple VC-12
paths, which are combined in a virtual concatenation. To fulfill protection, each VC-12
path uses a different route (diverse path routing).
In case of a failure a single VC-12 path fails only and the virtual concatenation of the
other VC-12 paths is rearranged. For the point-to-point link the result of the failure is a
small reduction of bandwidth, but connectivity is still maintained.
48 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
5.10.7 Interface Card Protection (1+1 Port Protection)

Equipment protection for STM-N ports is always performed for each individual STM-N
port which is involved in a 1+1 MSP scheme.
The purpose of this function is to protect the traffic of an MSP protected STM-N port also
against card failures of the interface card where the port is located. The global card fail
(CF) condition of an interface card will be used for triggering protection of ports protected
by MSP.
There are always 1 working card and 1 protection card. All the ports on the working card
are set to be working ports. In SURPASS hiT 7070, protection can be performed at the
port level. A card can have a combination of working and protecting ports.
Equipment protection for STM-N ports is also performed for ports involved in a BSHR/4
scheme, similarly to the MSP 1+1 scheme. In this case, there is a Working and a
Protection West port and a Working and a Protection East port.
The 1+1 port protection is possible with the STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 optical
i interfaces and with the STM-1 electrical interface.
5.10.8 SDH Card Protection Combined with MSP

Card release switching of SDH interface cards (IFO155M, IFO155M-E, IFQ622M,
IFS2G5(B), IFQ2G5, IFS10G, IFS10G-WLS, IFS10G-M, IFS10G-R) is performed by
reconfiguration of the switch fabric at SF160G.
☞ For information about the cards used within the SURPASS hiT 7070 system see
Chapter 6.
The mechanism depends on the configured traffic protection scheme. Also the slot
assignments are in dependence of the chosen traffic protection scheme.
Recovery from card failure shall not cause an additional traffic hit in case of non-
revertive MSP scheme. A manual switch is supported.
Equipment protection for STM-N ports is always performed for each individual STM-N
port which is involved in a MSP scheme. The purpose of this function is to protect the
traffic of an MSP protected STM-N port also against card failures of the interface card
where the port is located. The global card fail (CF) condition of an interface card will be
used for triggering protection of ports protected by MSP, i.e., from the operator's point
of view CF can be seen as an additional criterion for an MSP switch. Equipment uses
the same protection master as traffic protection.
Criteria for Initiating the SDH Card Protection

The following faults contribute to the CF condition for a card (not all of these card fail
conditions will result in direct protection switching, when traffic is not on card at that
time):
• card missing
• power fail
• self-test fail (after start-up)
• local controller failure (a HW watchdog triggers the CF condition if 3 restarts are
unsuccessful)
• mismatch between HW version and loaded application program system
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 49
5.10.8.1 1:N card protection of the IFO155M-E cards

SURPASS hiT 7070 SC (Single Core subrack) and DC (Double Core subrack) support
optional 1:N card protection mechanism for the electrical STM-1 interface cards
operating in revertive mode always. The use of this 1:N card protection excludes the use
of MSP traffic protection and vice versa.
The protection mechanism is based on the following modules:
• Working IFO155M-E cards (up to 3 per protection group)
• Protection IFO155M-E card in dedicated slot
• Protectionshelf
• Card Protection selector as provided by the HO switch card via VC-4 re-routing
• SCOH as transparent ILAN link between protection card and Protectionshelf
One 1:N (N<=3) protection group can be established in the hiT 7070 SC and DC.
1:N Card Protection Characteristics for IFO155M-E cards

• Architecture: 1:N with N <= 3
• Operation type: Revertive
Criteria for Switch-over to Protection Card

This protection can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
– Card Fail, CF#i, i=0…3 according to the internal priority (based on the internal
slot number)
– Lockout of Protection, LP#i, i=0…3
– Forced Switch, FS#i, i=1…3
– Clear
5.10.9 PDH Card Protection
5.10.9.1 1:N card protection of the IF2M

SURPASS hiT 7070 SC (single-row subrack) and PDH Microshelf support an optional
1:N card protection mechanism for the 2 Mbit/s PDH interface cards IF2M, operating in
revertive mode always.
☞ For information about the cards used within the SURPASS hiT 7070 system,
see Chapter 6.
The protection mechanism is based on the following cards:
• Working IF2M cards (up to 4 per protection group)
• Protection IF2M card in dedicated slots
• Line Switching Unit cards (LSU).
• Card Protection selector present in the LO switch card in case of the SURPASS hiT
single-row subrack or in the ESM-CORE cards in case of the PDH Microshelf.
One 1:N (N ≤ 4) protection group can be established in the SURPASS hiT single-row
subrack and in each PDH Microshelf. Each protection group works completely
independent of the other.
50 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
1:N Card Protection Characteristics for IF2M

– Architecture: 1:N with N ≤ 4

terminal/OS.
– Card Fail, CF#i, served according to the internal priority (based on the internal slot
number)
– Lockout of Protection, LP#i
– Forced Switch, FS#i
– Clear
5.10.9.2 1 :1 card protection of the 35/45M (from R3.0 on)

Release 3 SURPASS hiT 7070 SC (Single Core) and Microshelf support an optional 1+1
card protection mechanism for the 34/45Mbit/s PDH interface cards, operating in non-
revertive mode always.
The 1+1 protection requires the presence of line switching boards (SIPAC connectors)
placed at the line interface. In the event that an IF345M fails, the line switching board
will switch customer traffic from the working card IF345M (W) onto the protection card
IF345M (P). The low-order switch matrix will then select the traffic from the protection
card.
The protection mechanism is based on the following modules:
• working IF345M card
• protection IF345M card
• Card Protection selector present in the LO switch card in case of the hiT 7070 SC
or in the ESM-CORE cards in case of the Microshelf
• line switching board (LSB) placed at the line interface (SIPAC connector)
1+1 Card Protection Characteristics for IF345M

– Architecture: 1+1,
– Operation Type: non-revertive

terminal/OS.
– Card Fail (CF),
• External switch requests (configurable via QST):
– Lockout of Protection (LP)
– Forced Switch (FS#i)
– Clear (CLR)
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 51
5.10.10 Core Card Protection
5.10.10.1 Card Protection HO Switch Fabric

The HO switch fabric protection (see Fig. 5.18) is realized by equipping the HO switch
fabric card SF160G twice in a subrack (double- or single-row subrack).
Traffic card Traffic card System

controller
card
Input Input
selection selection
x y x y
HO switch fabric - Y
HO switch fabric - X
Working channel (ISTM-4/16)

Protection channel (ISTM-4/16)
Card protection CARDP
Fig. 5.18 Principle of HO Switch Fabric Protection
The HO switch fabric protection function operates according the following principles:
• The HO switch fabric protection is automatically activated when the operator
configures both HO switching cards within one subrack.
• A manual switch by the operator has to be provided. The manual switch has to be
handled in the interface cards, the LO switch fabric and the packet switch fabric
autonomously.
• HO switch fabric protection is based on a non-revertive operation type, that means
after recover of the defect switch fabric no switch back will be done.
After recovery from a defect switch fabric a manual switch setting becomes active again.
i
• All SDH interface cards, all Ethernet interface cards, all lower order switch fabrics
and all packet fabrics are connected to both HO switch fabric cards in parallel.
• HO switch fabric protection is done independently of LO switch fabric protection.
• HO switch fabric protection is done independently of SETS protection.
• Both HO switch fabrics are always working in parallel with respect to their traffic
transmission functions, this means all traffic functions will be equally configured on
both HO switch fabric cards by the SCOH card so that the non-selected switching
matrix is always in a hot-standby status to ensure a fast switch-over in case of a
necessary protections switch. This also includes configuration and switching
commands for MSP, BSHR and SNCP
• After replacement of one card protection information about protection states has to
be transferred to the new card.
52 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
• In case of a failure on both HO switch fabrics no additional switching over will be

done
HO Switch Fabric Card Protection Characteristics


terminal/OS.
– Card Fail
– Manual switch to X (left slot)
– Manual switch to Y (right slot)
– Clear
5.10.10.2 Card Protection LO Switch Fabric

This protection mode is used for protecting the Low Order switch fabric cards SF10G
and SF2G5. Fig. 5.19 shows the principles of the low order switch fabric protection.
The LO switch fabric protection function operates according the following principles:
• The LO switch fabric protection is activated when the operator configures two LO
switching cards as protection pair.
• A manual switch by the operator has to be provided. The manual switch has to be
coordinated in HO switch fabric and PDH cards autonomously.
• LO switch fabric protection is based on a non-revertive operation type, that means
after recover of the defect switch fabric no switch back will be done.
After recover from a defect switch fabric a manual switch setting becomes active again.
i
• The HO switch fabric and PDH cards are connected to LO switch fabric cards in
parallel, in the same way as interface cards are connected to HO switch fabric card.
• LO switch fabric protection is done independently of HO switch fabric protection.
• LO switch fabric protection is done independently of SETS protection.
• Both LO switch fabrics are always working in parallel with respect to their traffic
transmission functions, this means all traffic functions will be equally configured on
both LO switch fabric cards by the SCOH card so that the non-selected switching
matrix is always in an hot-standby status to ensure a fast switch-over in case of a
necessary protections switch. This also includes configuration and switching
commands for LO-SNCP and PDH card protection.
• After replacement of one card protection information about protection states has to
be transferred to the new card.
• In case of a failure on both LO switch fabrics no additional switch-over will be done.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 53
HO switch HO switch System

fabric fabric controller
card
x y x y
LO switch fabric - Y
LO switch fabric - X
x y x y
PDH card PDH card
Working channel (ISTM-16)

Protection channel (ISTM-16)
Working channel (UTIF2)
Protection channel (UTIF2)
Card protection CARDP
Fig. 5.19 Principle of LO Switch Fabric Protection
LO Switch Fabric Card Protection Characteristics


terminal/OS.
– Card Fail
– Manual switch to X (left slot)
– Manual switch to Y (right slot)
– Clear
54 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
5.10.10.3 Central Clock Unit Card Protection

The Central Clock Unit (CLU) card protection is separated in two independent protection
schemes:
• Protection of the CLU card and the T0 clock distribution.
• T4 clock interfaces
The SETS is located on the CLU card. Two CLU cards are used for protection purpose.
One CLU is master or in working state, the second is slave or in protection state.
Removing the working SETS or a SETS failure leads to an automatic SETS HW
switching to protection SETS.
SETS Protection
SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC subracks can be equipped with two clock units CLU-X
and CLU-Y. These cards provide full protection of all synchronization functions. Both
cards have access to all available reference sources and provide a full set of T0 clocks.
One CLU is configured as master and synchronized to a reference source, the other
CLU (if equipped) is configured as slave and synchronized to the master CLU.
The internal synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) is protected by means of
synchronization of both SETS located on CLU-X and CLU-Y. A signal fail state (SF) of
SETS is detected with activity detectors located on the synchronization lines between
both CLUs. For SF of master CLU a consequent HW action is carried out by switching
the former slave CLU to the master state. The protection switching event and the
currently selected master CLU is reported to LCT/OS.
Each traffic card, core card and the SCOH are supplied with two sets of T0 clock signals;
T0-X is distributed from CLU-X and T0-Y is distributed from CLU-Y. Each T0 clock set
consists of a 19.44 MHz and a 2 kHz signal.
5.10.11 Extension Shelf Protection (for PDH Microshelf)

The extension traffic protection has to protect the traffic connection from main subrack
to extension subrack. Different possibilities for connecting the shelves will result in
different concepts for protection. The principle mechanisms for protection will be
identical, i.e. based on 1+1 MSP.
The extension link cards LNQ622M in the main subrack and the extension core cards
ESM-CORE of the Microshelf are connected via optical fibers. The link in between main
subrack and Microshelf can be double either with single or dual LNQ622M in main
subrack and dual ESM-CORE in Microshelf.
For the dual LNQ622M link protection each LNQ622M card is connected with one ESM-
CORE card of Microshelf. For one protection group the same port number will have to
be used on both cards.
For the single LNQ622M link protection the card LNQ622M in the main subrack is
connected with two ESM-CORE cards of Microshelf via optical fibers.
A combination of both variants, dual and single LNQ622M link protection, can be used
on one card. The given limitations for the different variants still apply.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 55
5.10.12 Fan Unit Protection

For cooling cards and modules of the SURPASS hiT 7070 sufficiently, the fan units are
equipped twice in the double-row and single-row subracks. For protection management,
the function of the fan units is monitored.
Each fan unit contains several fans. The speed of each fan is controlled by a speed
sensor. In case of reaching a lower speed limit, an alarm signal is generated. A red LED
on the fan unit is signaling, that at least one fan is defective.
The combined sum alarm signal of the fans is fed to the supervision card (SCOH). The
speed of fans is controlled by temperature sensors on the fan unit. The fans run with
lowest speed at about 23˚C and highest speed at about 55˚C. In addition to internal
control, temperature sensors control the speed of the fan unit. If the temperature
exceeds about 80˚C in the top of subrack, the fans of both fan units run with maximum
speed.
The speed of the fans of the lower fan unit, is coded in addition by a slot connector. This
way, the speed of the fans is increased by about 10%. If the upper fan unit is defective
or not inserted, the fans of lower fan unit run with maximum speed.
Both fan units are supplied via two power lines (working and protection power). The
upper fan unit is powered by UBAT1 and UBAT3, the lower fan unit is powered by
UBAT2 and UBAT4. Both fan units are running redundantly. Only one fan unit is
necessary, to manage cooling of the subrack.
5.11 Extension Traffic

SURPASS hiT 7070 offers an extension shelf (PDH Microshelf) in order to provide fully
use of all PDH interfaces (see Fig. 5.20). Management and control of the Microshelf is
transferred via a 100BaseT Ethernet connection.
hiT 7070 subrack SC/DC PDH Microshelf

Feature Feature
Card Card
Switch
Matrix Extension Feature
X Link Card Line Card
Mux /
Demux
Card
Switch Feature Feature
Matrix Card Card
Y
Feature Feature
Card Card
Fig. 5.20 Traffic Flow between Main Shelf and Extension Shelf
The Microshelf subrack supports up to 4 working an 1 protection 2 Mbit/s PDH cards,

corresponding to a maximum of 252 x 2 Mbit/s per Microshelf and an aggregate capacity
of 622 Mbit/s.
The maximum equipping with IF345M cards amounts to 4 cards with three configurable
34/45 Mbit/s ports per card. The optional 1+1 card protection for the IF345M cards is
available in the Microshelf, too.
56 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
To enable control architecture for the Microshelf, the internal control device of the main
shelf is accessible via its control panel. Up to four extension shelves are controlled via
the main controller (The Microshelf does not have an own shelf controller).
5.12 Operating Terminal TNMS CT

Network elements can be operated and monitored via the software TNMS CT software
offering an LCT or NCT mode.
☞ The decision between TNMS CT configured as “Local Craft Terminal LCT” and
“Network Craft Terminal NCT” is made on installing the corresponding variants
of the TNMS CT software or on startup (see TNMS CT user manual).
Single NE with/without LAN Multiple NEs with LAN and TMN
LCT/NCT LCT/NCT TMN System
TNMS CT TNMS CT Transmission System

with local access with network access for Link to TMN
Ethernet, Ethernet,
RS232 e.g. 10BaseT *) e.g. 10BaseT Ethernet-LAN
F QF2 Q Q Q
QEXT Traffic Link **) Multiple NEs Multiple NEs

NE A local NE
via DCC via DCC
*) LAN Link Control if left part is local

**) Traffic Link if left part is remote DCC
Fig. 5.21 Interface Associations of a local / remote LCT, NCT and

TMN Transmission System Configuration
LCT Mode
The LCT mode is used primarily for local management and commissioning of network
elements. For this purpose it is connected via the F or QF2 interface and allows access
to the local network element. A further network element can be connected via the QEXT
interface.
NCT Mode
The NCT mode is used for local or remote management of network elements. In addition
to the LCT functions, the monitoring of all the alarms reported from each accessible
network element is allowed. The TNMS CT operating terminal in NCT mode can
communicate with a maximum of 150 network elements (including alarm monitoring).
The TNMS CT allows to open 50 element managers at the same time.
The NCT mode allows local or remote access to the network elements when the
operating terminal is connected via the Q interface.
For further information about operation, control and monitoring via operating terminals
LCT/NCT see Chapters 8.3 and 8.4.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 57
5.13 Connection to Network Management Systems

Fig. 5.22 shows the integration of SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements in the TMN
system. The access from TMN to SURPASS hiT 7070 NEs is realized via QST/QB3
(direct access) and Q-ECC (via dedicated SOH channels within traffic links – DCCm and
DCCr) interfaces.
TMN
(Telecommunications Management Network)
EM
(Element Manager)
Q-ECC
hiT 7070 hiT 7070
Fig. 5.22 Embedding of SURPASS hiT 7070 NEs in a TMN System
58 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
6 Components of the SURPASS hiT 7070

This chapter explains the main system components of SURPASS hiT 7070, Fig. 6.1
gives a first overview.
Fig. 6.1 Overview of the SURPASS hiT 7070 System Components
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 59
6.1 List of Cards Used

Tab. 6.1 gives a short explanation of the cards.
Short description Explanation
IFS40G-MX 4 x 10 Gbit/s MUX/DEMUX (optical)

IFS10G 1 x 10 Gbit/s SDH card (STM-64, optical)
IFS10G-M 1 x 10 Gbit/s SDH/OTU card (STM-64/OTU2, optical),
for Metro WDM purposes
IFS10G-R 1 x 10 Gbit/s SDH/OTU card (STM-64/OTU2, optical),
for Long Haul WDM purposes
IFS10G-WLS 1 x 10 Gbit/s SDH/OTU card (STM-64/OTU2, optical),
for WLS WDM purposes
IFS10GB Interface Single 10Gbit/s
IFQ2G5 4 x 2.5 Gbit/s SDH card (STM-16, optical)
IFS2G5 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s SDH card (STM-16, optical)
IFS2G5B 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s SDH card (STM-16, optical), SFP
IFQ2G5B Optical STM-16 card, Provides 4 bidirectional 2.5 Gbit/s signals
IFQ622M 4 x 622 Mbit/s SDH card (STM-4, optical)
IFO155M 8 x 155 Mbit/s SDH card (STM-1, optical)
IFO155M-E 8 x 155 Mbit/s SDH card (STM-1, electrical)
IFQGBE 4 x Gigabit Ethernet card (1000Base-SX/LX, optical)
IFQGBE-E 4 x Gigabit Ethernet card (1000Base-T, electr.)
IFOFE-E 8 x Electrical Ethernet card (10/100BaseT, electrical)
Maps Ethernet signals into SDH: VC-4 or VC-3
IFOFES-E 8 x Electrical Ethernet card (10/100BaseT, electrical)
Maps Ethernet signals into SDH: VC-3 or VC-12
IFQGBEB Provides up to 4 bidirectional GigabitEthernet signals. Maps
GBE signals into SDH. Provides VLAN concentrator functional-
ity
IFQGBEB-E Electrical GigabitEthernet card. Provides up to 4 bidirectional
GigabitEthernet signals.Maps GBE signals into SDH
IFOFE Optical Fast Ethernet card. Provides up to 8 bidirectional Ether-
net signals
IF2M 63 x 2 Mbit/s PDH card (for single-row subrack only)
IF345M Interface 34/45Mbit/s
LSU Line switch unit (for single-row subrack only)
SF160G SDH switch fabric 160G at VC-4 (High order switch card)
SF10G SDH switch fabric 10G at VC-3/VC-12 (Low order switch card)
Tab. 6.1 Overview of the Cards
60 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Short description Explanation
SF2G5 SDH switch fabric 2.5G at VC-3/VC-12 (Low order switch card)
PF2G5 RPR packet fabric with processing of 2.5 Gbit/s framed traffic
(622 Mbit/s ring capacity)
LNQ622M Provides 4 optical data links to Microshelves (622 Mbit/s link
capacity)
CLU Central clock unit
SCOH Main controller
ESM-Core Provides optical 622 Mbit/s link to main shelf (SC or DC)
(Microshelf card)
IFSOA Interface Single Optical Amplifier
IFSOA-PDC Interface Single Optical Amplifier/PDC
IFSOB Interface Single Optical Booster
IFSOB-PDC Interface Single Optical Booster/PDC
Tab. 6.1 Overview of the Cards (Cont.)
☞ For more detailed information about the cards, see the following chapters.
6.2 Power Supply of the Cards
Each separate equipment plug-in-unit is equipped with a power converter (decentralized
power supply) which provides all necessary supply voltages to the specific card. The
power converter is operated from two independent battery feeds. To inhibit noise
disturbance and mutual interference, each plug-in-unit is supplied with appropriate
filtering. To protect other units against insertion/extraction transients, for every card a
slow start facility is provided. In case both supply voltages fail, local alarm indication is
still possible via a separate supervision circuitry (separate power feed input available).
6.3 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 Gbit/s Interface (IFS40G-MX)

The IFS40G-MX is used for optically multiplexing four STM-64 wavelengths into a single
40 Gbit/s optical signal for transmission on one fiber. It is meant for point to point links
with a distance of up to 20 km.
Fig. 6.2 shows the basic mode of operation of the IFS40G-MX using a block diagram.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 61
PSU
DEMUX
To / From To / From
Fiber IFS40G-MX
IFS10G
MUX
SPI
To SCOH
Fig. 6.2 Block Diagram of IFS40G-MX
The Power Supply Unit (PSU) within the IFS40G-MX is used to supply voltage to the
card, while the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) connects the IFS40G-MX to the System
Controller (SCOH).
The IFS40G-MX can be equipped in a general purpose or traffic interface slot within the
double- or single-row subrack.
6.4 Single STM-64 Optical Interface (IFS10G/IFS10GB)

The IFS10G card is the STM-64 optical traffic interface for SURPASS hiT 7070.
It consists of a 10 Gbit/s optical transceiver, an SDH processor, an overhead processor
and a Clock Card Unit (CCU). The received optical signal is first converted into an
electrical signal by the optical transceiver. Next, the electrical signal is transferred to a
Clock Data Recovery (CDR) circuit. The CDR will retime and then recover the clocking
information from the received signal. After that, the resulting signal is transferred to the
SDH processor. The SDH processor will evaluate the AU-4 pointer within the STM
frame, while the section overhead bytes may be forwarded optionally to the overhead
processing unit (SCOH). The clock card unit is responsible to extract the clocking
frequency required for the SDH interface from the T0 bus.
SURPASS hiT 7070 offers several variants of the IFS10G (in accordance to ITU-T
G.691):
• I-64.1 1310 nm intra-office
• S-64.1 1310 nm short haul
• S-64.2b 1550 nm short haul
• S-64.3b 1550 nm short haul for G.653 DSF (dispersion shifted fiber)
• L-64.2b 1550 nm long haul with optical amplifier
• L-64.3 1550 nm long haul with optical amplifier for G.653 DSF (dispersion shifted
fiber)
• V-64.2b 1550 nm very long haul with optical amplifier
• V-64.3 1550 nm very long haul with optical amplifier for G.653 DSF (dispersion
shifted fiber)
• S-64.2b 1550 nm short haul single-fiber mode (only for IFS10GB)
62 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
6.5 STM-64 Optical Interface for Metro WDM (IFS10G-M)

The IFS10G-M is used for direct interworking with SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf.
The IFS10G-M uses the 200 GHz spacing as recommended by ITU-T G.692
(see Tab. 10.4).
In the IFS10G-M, any incoming STM-64 signal will be mapped into an Optical Data Unit
(ODU) structure. After that, FEC bytes are appended to the ODU to form an Optical
Transport Unit (OTU). The FEC framing in IFS10G-M is based on the RS (255, 239)
algorithm prescribed by ITU-T G.709. The FEC bytes will be appended to the ODU
starting from column 3825 to 4080.
The FEC coding will provide an approximate 6.2 dB gain at BER = 10-15 in accordance
to ITU-T G.975.
The IFS10G-M has a dispersion tolerance up to 65 km or 1300 ps/nm on SSMF. If the
dispersion of the span exceeds 1300 ps/nm a Dispersion Compensation Module DCM
is required (see 6.34.3).
The ALS function of the card is adapted for Metro WDM applications.
6.6 STM-64 Optical Interface for Long Haul WDM (IFS10G-R)

The IFS10G-R uses almost the same hardware as the IFS10G-M card but it is equipped
with different optical modules.
6.7 STM-64 Optical Interface for WLS WDM (IFS10G-WLS)

The IFS10G-WLS with configurable SBS suppression is based on IFS10G-R card with
almost identical hardware. Transmitted STM-64 framed data will be mapped to OTU2
frame with standard RS-FEC according ITU G.709.
6.8 Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP)

In SURPASS hiT 70xx series, almost all optical transceivers for STM-1, STM-4, STM-16
and Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet of SURPASS hiT 7070 are pluggable. A pluggable
transceiver SFP can be plugged/unplugged from the designated port without physically
removing of the whole traffic card. SFPs are hot pluggable.
Every SFP module stores all the relevant information of the module like part number,
supplier name, date, wavelength etc.
Whenever a SFP is plugged into a port, the controller reads the module’s internal data
via a 2-wire digital serial interface. The controller checks all the information contained
for type mismatch and checksum error. All SFP modules contain a SIEMENS part
number. This part number will be checked also by the software before enabling the
optical interface.
If the system detects an error, it sends a warning to the system controller card.
If all the information contained within the SFP is correct, the port switches automatically
to “equipped” state. The TNMS/CT LCT/NCT then displays the part number of the
“equipped” port.
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6.9 Quad STM-16 Optical Interface (IFQ2G5/IFQ2G5B)

The IFQ2G5 can be equipped with up to four STM-16 SFP modules.
Every incoming traffic stream will go through an optical-electrical conversion and clock
data recovery process. The electrical signals will then be transferred to an AU 4 pointer
processor. At the same time, the section overhead bytes will be processed by the
overhead processor.
The IFQ2G5 can be equipped with various SFP modules (I-16.1, S-16.1, L-16.1, L-16.2,
L-16.3, L-16.2/3 single fiber mode (only for IFQ2G5B)). The performance and
characteristic of all the SFP modules above are in accordance with ITU-T G.957.
It is possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one IFQ2G5.
i
6.10 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5)

The IFS2G5 is a single port STM-16 interface.
Available distant variant:
• I-16.1
• JE-16.2/3 33dB
• JE-16.2/3 47dB
The performance and characteristic is in accordance with ITU-T G.957.
6.11 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5B)

The IFS2G5B can be equipped with an STM-16 SFP module.
The IFS2G5 is a single port STM-16 interface.
Available distant variant:
• S-16.1
• L-16.1
• L-16.2/3
The performance and characteristic is in accordance with ITU-T G.957.
6.12 Single STM-16 Optical Interface for WDM (IFS2G5)

The coloured optical STM-16 Interface is equipped with a transponder optical module
supporting dense WDM Long Haul transmission in the C band (40 wavelenghts) using
the 100 MHz grid.
6.13 Quad STM-4 Optical Interface (IFQ622M)

The IFQ622M provides up to 4 bidirectional STM-4 optical signals. The incoming client
signal will go through an optical-electrical conversion first. In order remove the jitter of
the incoming signal, all the bits within the data stream will be retimed with the aid of a
CDR. From the CDR, the signal will then be transferred to the SDH processor for
framing, pointer processing and performance monitoring. The signal is then routed to
switch fabric via the backplane.
64 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Each port within the IFQ622M can be equipped with the following SFP modules (perfor-
mance and characteristic of the SFP modules in accordance with ITU-T G.957):
• S-4.1
• L-4.1
• L-4.2
• L-4.3
• L-4.2/3 single fiber mode
• V-4.2
• V-4.3
It is possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one IFQ622M.
i
6.14 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M)

The IFO155M supports up to 8 optical STM-1 signals.
Each port within the IFO155M can be equipped with the following SFP modules (perfor-
mance and characteristic of the SFP modules in accordance with ITU-T G.957):
• S-1.1
• L-1.1
• L-1.2
• L-1.3
• L-1.2/3 single fiber mode
It is possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one IFO155M.
i
6.15 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M-E)

The IFO155M-E supports up to 8 electrical STM-1 signals.
6.16 Ethernet Interfaces

All Ethernet interfaces in the SURPASS hiT 70xx series support /asymmetric near-end
flow control and bit rate limiting. Every incoming Ethernet packets are stored temporarily
inside a buffer. The bit rate of the traffic flow will be measured, and if the measured
bandwidth exceeds the pre-programmed value, the flow control system will send a
PAUSE frame to the source. The PAUSE frame will inform the client to stop sending any
frames for a certain period of time.
This sophisticated flow control scheme allows bandwidth throttling without any high loss
of packets.
All Ethernet equipment connected to an Ethernet interface in the SURPASS hiT 70xx
i series must be able to support full duplex operation.
The following Ethernet interfaces are available in SURPASS hiT 7070:

• Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Optical (IFQGBE)
• Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Optical (IFQGBEB), Concentrator option
• Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Electrical (IFQGBE-E)
• Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Electrical (IFQGBEB-E), Concentrator option
• Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Optical (IFOFE), VC-3/4-nv mapping
• Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical (IFOFE-E), VC-3/4-nv mapping
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 65
• Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical (IFOFES-E), VC-3/12-nv mapping

Each of the above mentioned interfaces are transparent to 802.3, 802.1p and 802.1q
compliant Ethernet frames with a maximum size of 1800 bytes (However, this maximum
frame length at an ETH ingress port should not be exhausted when additional frame
tagging is used within the ETH network, in order not to exceed this limit at other ingress
port within the network).
The VLAN and Priority information within the Ethernet frames will be transparently
forwarded without being altered, modified or interpreted.
The Ethernet physical ports will support:
• Auto negotiation of PHY-/MAC-layer parameters such as duplex operation, flow
control and line rate (rate negotiation for electrical interface card only)
• Asymmetric/Near-end flow control using PAUSE frames for Ethernet-to-SDH rate
adaptation
• Full-duplex operation only
• Packet statistic functions
• Discard of bad packets
• Link up/down signalling to QST and the remote port
Note for VLAN operation:
i The VLAN functionality only makes sense if more than one stream/VLAN are used. For
these point-to-multipoint applications QoS provided by an external (egress) traffic
shaper at the uplink port is mandatory. Therefore the L2 service multiplexer function re-
quires external (i.e. BRAS, Router) traffic shaping.
This means it is absolutely MANDATORY that for the VLAN concentrator application
egress traffic shaping per VLAN including max. burst size is implemented in the uplink
device (i.e. a BRAS in case of the DSL-scenario). This will avoid head-of-line blocking
in case of multiple VLAN-streams sharing the common GbE interface.
If this is not done, then an overflow of the sending GbE VLAN card's ingress buffer as
well as the egress buffers of a receiving FE card may happen. By this packet loss will
not be avoidable (depending on the situation):
1. Packet loss may happen if flow control on the GbE VLAN card is disabled and the
connected BRAS does not implement the rate shaping on its egress side. The rea-
sons for this frame drop are FIFO overflows of the sending GbE VLAN card's ingress
buffer as well as the receiving FE card's egress buffer.
2. Packet loss may happen if flow control on the GbE card is enabled and the connect-
ed BRAS does not implement the rate shaping on its egress side. Here only over-
flows of the receiving FE card's egress buffer may happen. Nevertheless the
enabled flow control has influence on all eight GbE VLAN ingress buffers (one buffer
for each of the possible 8 downlink ports): If for one VLAN queue the ingress buffer
overflows, the activated pause frame mechanism will stop all other queues as well
(i.e. also the incoming frames to be sent in other FIFOs).
6.16.1 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Optical (IFQGBE)

The IFQGBE maps up to four Gigabit Ethernet client signals into an SDH based signal.
Initially, all the incoming Ethernet frames will be stored inside a First In First Out (FIFO)
buffer within the MAC controller. If the FIFO buffer fills up, the MAC controller will
immediately send a PAUSE frame to the client equipment.
The GFP header is then appended to the received Ethernet frames. After the GFP
encapsulation process, the frame is transferred to a FIFO buffer. Inside the FIFO buffer,
66 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
the size of the payload is determined and this value will be inserted into the Payload
Length Indicator (PLI) field. After that, the encapsulated frame will be transferred to the
PoS framer. The PoS framer is responsible for payload and header scrambling, Frame
Check Sequence (FCS) generation/termination and Core Header Checksum
generation/verification.
There are two PoS framers within the IFQGBE. Both of them provides a total capacity
of 32 x VC-4. All the 4 input ports, will then share this capacity.
Every port within the IFQGBE can be equipped with the following SFP modules:
• 1000BaseSX Ethernet 850 nm
• 1000BaseLX Ethernet 1310 nm
It is possible to mix the SFP modules 1000BaseSX and LX within an IFQGBE.
i
6.16.2 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - GBE Optical - with L2 Service

Multiplexer (IFQGBEB)
The Interface Card Quad Gigabit Ethernet version B (IFQGBEB) is based on the existing
IFQGBE adding the VLAN concentrator functionality. It maps GBE signals into SDH.
The IFQGBEB supports optical SFP interfaces and performs Gigabit Ethernet mapping
in the same way as IFQGBE.
The IFQGEB cards supports up to four Gigabit Ethernet ports or two L2 service
multiplexer or mixture (2 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 1 VLAN concentrator). Each L2
service multiplexer realized with the IFQGBEB card can handle up to 64 downlink ports
using a combination of up 8 VC groups and GFP subchannelling (max. 8 subchannels
per VC group). The card can host two L2 service multiplexers, allowing up to 128
downlink ports.
For additional information regarding VLAN operation please see also "6.16 Ethernet
Interfaces".
6.16.3 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Electrical (IFQGBE-E)

The IFQGBE-E maps up to 4 electrical GbE signals of 1000BaseT into a SDH based
signal. The electrical client signals will enter/leave the card via the RJ-45 connectors
located on the front panel of the card.
6.16.4 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - GBE Electrical - with L2 Service

Multiplexer option (IFQGBEB-E)
The Interface Card Quad Gigabit Ethernet version B (IFQGBEB) is based on the existing
IFQGBE adding the VLAN concentrator functionality. It maps GBE signals into SDH.
The IFQGBEB supports electrical SFP interfaces and performs Gigabit Ethernet
mapping in the same way as IFQGBE.
The IFQGEB cards supports up to four Gigabit Ethernet ports or two L2 service
multiplexer or mixture (2 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 1 VLAN concentrator). Each L2
service multiplexer realized with the IFQGBEB card can handle up to 64 downlink ports
using a combination of up 8 VC groups and GFP subchannelling (max. 8 subchannels
per VC group). The card can host two L2 service multiplexers, allowing up to 128
downlink ports.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 67
For additional information regarding VLAN operation please see also "6.16 Ethernet
Interfaces".
6.16.5 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Optical IFOFE

The Interface Card Octal Fast Ethernet Fibre (IFOFE) provides the means to map up to
eight Ethernet client signals of the type 100 BASE FX/LX into one 4 X 622Mbit/s signal
(VC-4 or VC-3). The underlying technology is called EoS with GFP mapping acc. ITU-T
G.7041.
The IFOFE has 8 auto-sensing optical Ethernet port and support optical signals via SPF
modules. Each port within the IFOFE can be equipped with SFP modules. Each port
within the IFOFE can be equipped with SFP modules of either 100Base-Fx 850 nm or
100BaseLX-10 1310 nm. Note that it is possible to mix the 100Base-Fx and -Lx SFP
modules on the same IFOFE board.
Every port has an auto-sensing feature, meaning that every port can detect the line
speed of the Ethernet device attached to it.
6.16.6 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical IFOFE-E

The Interface Card Octal Fast Ethernet Electrical (IFOFE-E) has 8 auto-sensing,
electrical Ethernet ports. It maps up to 8 electrical Ethernet signals (10BaseT or
100BaseTX) into a SDH based signal (VC-4 or VC-3). The underlying technologies are
EoS with GFP mapping acc. ITU-T G.7041.
Every port has an auto-sensing feature, meaning that every port can detect the line
speed of the Ethernet device attached to it. The electrical client signals enter/leave the
card via the RJ-45 connectors located on front panel the card.
The auto-sensing behavior of every port can be set to the following values:
• Port Unused
• Auto negotiation off and line rate forced to 10 Mbit/s
• Auto negotiation off and line rate forced to 100 Mbit/s
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 10 Mbit/s as advertised
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 100 Mbit/s as advertised
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 10 and 100 Mbit/s as advertised
By default, every port will be set to auto negotiation on and line rate 10 Mbit/s and
100 Mbit/s as advertised.
The IFOFE-E card supports virtual concatenation groups VC-4-Nv (N = 2...6) and VC-
3-2v.
IFOFE-E supports 16 VC-4s in total that can be divided over 8 ports.
6.16.7 Octal Ethernet and Fast Ethernet - Electrical IFOFES-E

The Interface Card Octal Fast Ethernet Small Electrical (IFOFES-E) provides 8
bidirectional electrical Ethernet ports. The data rate can be selected manually or
automatically. Up to 8 electrical Ethernet signals (10BaseT or 100BaseTX) will be
mapped into a SDH based signal (VC-3 or VC-12). The IFOFES-E card supports virtual
concatenation groups VC-12-Mv (M = 1..46) and VC-3-2v. The card provides a total
capacity of 2 x VC-4; sub-channeling and using of templates is not provided.
68 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Non concatenated VC-3/VC-12 containers or virtually concatenated VC-3-2v/VC-12-Mv

(M = 1...46) containers are available for independent mapping of each Ethernet port
traffic.
Interworking with the legacy Ethernet interfaces (ETH100/ETH1000) with LO virtually
concatenated containers is not possible.
6.17 Interface Single Optical Amplifier IFSOA

The IFSOA card is the Optical Amplifier card. It provides optical amplification at Tx and
Rx side at a fixed channel frequency of 192.7 THz.
No dispersion compensation is implemented on the card. It is applicable for links with
dispersion shifted fiber types.
It is used for V-64.3 and JE47dB-16.2/3 links.
6.18 Interface Single Optical Amplifier/PDC IFSOA-PDC

The IFSA-PDC is the optical Amplifier card with dispersion compensation.
It provides optical amplification at Tx and Rx side at channel frequency of 192.7THz.
Dispersion compensation for G.652 fiber links is provided.
It is used for V-64.2 links.
6.19 Interface Single Optical Booster IFSOB

The IFSOB is the Optical Booster card.
The Optical Booster performs the amplification in light output power of the transmit
signal in a manner transparent to the signal content and the optical parameters. The
card serves as optical booster amplifier for the L-64.3, and optionally for the S-64.2b
single fiber mode application wavelength transparent in the 1530 nm to 1560 nm band.
IFSOB will switch off its pump laser if it receives no input signal from its preceding
transmitter.
Provides optical amplification at Tx side at channel frequency of 192.7 THz.
No dispersion compensation is implemented. Applicable for links with dispersion shifted
fiber types.
6.20 Interface Single Optical Booster/PDC IFSOB-PDC

The IFSOB-PDC is the Optical Booster card with dispersion compensation
Provides optical amplification at Tx side at channel frequency of 192.7 THz. Dispersion
compensation for G.652 fiber links is provided.
DCM sub module may optionally be added.
It is used for L-64.2 links.
6.21 2 Mbit/s PDH Interface (IF2M) for Single-Row Subrack

The IF2M processes the 2 Mbit/s PDH signal. Every IF2M offers 63 x 2 Mbit/s ports.
In the receive direction, the IF2M terminates the incoming VC-12 container from the low
order switch fabric before performing path overhead monitoring. The payload will be
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 69
extracted and mapped into the outgoing PDH signals. For structured E12, the “retiming”
function is provided (PDH-out with SETS quality).
In the transmit direction, the card maps the contents of the PDH signals to a VC-12
container and generates the respective path overhead.
In SURPASS hiT 7070 single-row subracks the IF2M can only be used in combination
i with a line switch unit LSU.
6.22 34/45 Mbit/s PDH Interface (IF345M) for Single-Row Sub-

rack
The IF345M processes the 34/45 Mbit/s PDH signals. It is transparent to structured and
unstructured 34/45 Mbits signals. There are 3 ports per card configurable individually as
34 or 35 Mbit/s. It can be equipped in both the SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and PDH
Microshelf.
In the receive direction, the card terminates the incoming VC-3 from the low order
switching fabric before performing path overhead monitoring and consequent action
(AIS insertion). The payload is extracted and mapped into the outgoing PDH signals. On
the source direction, the card maps the contents of the PDH interfaces to a VC-3, and
generates the respective POH.
6.23 Line Switch Unit (LSU) for Single-Row Subrack

The LSU is a card that performs line termination and protection switching in combination
with the 2 Mbit/s PDH interface card IF2M.
Whenever the working IF2M breaks down, the relays in the LSU will be closed. As a
result, the customer traffic will be forwarded through the protection bus to the protection
card, IF2M (P). The LO switch will then select the traffic from the protection card.
Each LSU offers 32 ports, thus two LSU cards will be required for every single working
IF2M card.
6.24 Switch Fabric
6.24.1 VC-4 Switch Fabric (SF160G)

SF160G is the VC-4 switch fabric used in SURPASS hiT 7070 SC and DC. It has a
switching matrix size of 1024x1024 at VC 4 level. Every interface slot in the subrack is
directly connected to the SF160G via the backplane and each slot is allocated a total
bandwidth of 10 Gbit/s by the switch fabric itself.
As a fully non blocking switching matrix, it permits
• full cross connectivity between all traffic ports: from line to line, tributary to tributary,
line to tributary and tributary to line
• any bidirectional and unidirectional point to point connections
• broadcast (1 -> m with m ≤ 1024)
• drop and continue
• 1+1 SNCP head end and 2 -> 1 selector for 1+1 SNCP tail end
70 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Besides being non blocking, the SF160G is also transparent to contiguous

concatenated signals, VC-4-Xc with X = 4, 16 and 64.
In the single-row subrack of SURPASS hiT 7070 the same 160 Gbit/s switch fabric is
i used, however the total switching capacity is restricted to 110 Gbit/s. Due to the limited
space within a single-row subrack, a number of 11 traffic slots are available.
6.24.2 VC-3/12 Switch Fabric (SF10G)

In SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC, each SF10G switch fabric offers a total switching
capacity of 10 Gbit/s (64 x 64 STM-1 equivalents).
The switch fabric SF10G provides 64 STM-1 channels mapped in 4 x 2.5 Gbit/s signal.
The switching granularity is VC-3 or VC-12.
There are two different applications in a double-row and in a single-row subrack:
• In the double-row subrack of SURPASS hiT 7070 the SF10G gets and send the
VC-4 signal (HBT / High Bandwidth Tributary) only to the SF160G core interface. In
the switching matrix all VC-12 or VC-3 from the incoming VC-4s can be connected
to each outgoing VC-4.
• In the single-row subrack of SURPASS hiT 7070 there are additional signals from
the PDH interfaces (LBT / Low Bandwidth Tributary) which are send across the
switching matrix to the SF160G.
The total switching capacity of the non blocking matrix is 4032 x 4032 VC-12 or
192 x 192 VC-3.
☞ For detailed information about equipping see manual ITMN.

6.24.3 VC-3/12 Switch Fabric (SF2G5)
In SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC, each SF2G5 switch fabric offers a total switching
capacity of 2.5 Gbit/s (16 x 16 STM-1 equivalents). Additionally to that in case of
connected PDH cards this number will increase to up to 4 STM-1 equivalents.
The switch fabric SF2G5 provides 16 STM-1 channels mapped in a 2.5 Gbit/s signal.
The switching granularity is VC-3 or VC-12.
There are two different applications in a double-row and in a single-row subrack:
• In the double-row subrack of SURPASS hiT 7070 the SF2G5 gets and send the
VC-4 signal (HBT / High Bandwidth Tributary) only to the SF160G core interface. In
the switching matrix all VC-12 or VC-3 from the incoming VC-4s can be connected
to each outgoing VC-4.
• In the single-row subrack of SURPASS hiT 7070 there are additional signals from
the PDH interfaces (LBT / Low Bandwidth Tributary) which are send across the
switching matrix to the SF160G.
The total switching capacity of the non blocking matrix is 1008 x 1008 VC-12 or 48 x 48
VC-3.
☞ For detailed information about equipping see manual ITMN.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 71
6.24.4 RPR Packet Switch Fabric (PF2G5)

The Packet Fabric 2.5 Gbit/s (PF2G5) provides all necessary functionality to support
packet traffic on Resilient Packet Rings (RPR). It acts as an RPR node within the
SURPASS hiT 7070 system. SDH is the link between the nodes carrying traffic in VC-4
groups with a ring bandwidth of 622 Mbit/s.
The PF2G5 cards operate with specific encapsulation protocols: GFP (generic framing
procedure GFP-F according to ITU-T G.7041).
6.25 PDH Extension Link (LNQ622M)

The PDH Extension link card (LNQ622M) provides 4 optical data links to Microshelves.
All traffic connected to a Microshelf is directed via this extension link card. Per link
capacity is 622 Mbit/s.
6.26 Central Clock Unit (CLU)

The central clock unit (CLU) provides the Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
(SETS) within the SURPASS hiT 7070 system (see 5.3.1). It is responsible for the local
synchronization function within the network element and sends out external T4.
An internal CAN bus is used for transport of SSM information between any traffic port
and CLU in both directions.
The CLU can be synchronized from the following sources:
• T1 timing signal which can be extracted from any STM-N port (up to 8 timing sources
in parallel)
• T3 timing signal from an external 2048 kHz or 2048 kbit/s source (up to 2 timing
sources in parallel)
• Internal Oscillator whereby the clock quality is in accordance to ITU-T G.813
6.27 System Controller (SCOH)

The SCOH is the main controller unit for SURPASS hiT 7070. It monitors and controls
all components of the SURPASS hiT 7070 network element, carries the SEMF and MCF
functionality and is responsible for the overhead bytes processing.
All messages to or from the TMN will be managed by the SCOH.
The SCOH communicates with the traffic cards via different internal interfaces:
• LAN interface 100BaseT is used for the exchange of control messages between
card controllers CCM and main controller SCOH
• DOH bus for transfer of DCC and overhead bytes
The Q interface is a ITU-T M.3010 interface with high speed Ethernet access
(10/100BaseT full/half-duplex with an RJ-45 connector). The SCOH also provides an F
interface to a TNMS CT in LCT mode (Local Craft Terminal).
Furthermore the SCOH offers several customer purpose interfaces (TIF, X.21/V11 and
EOW/Handset).
72 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
6.28 Network Element Alarm Panel NEAP

The Network Element Alarm Panel NEAP contains the LED displays for the power
supply UBAT (1 to 4), the equipment alarms (major, minor), the communication alarms
(major, minor) and for displaying an alarm acknowledge. The acknowledge button is
used to Cut-Off alarms.
Furthermore the NEAP contains the management interfaces QF2 and F as well as an
EOW interface.
Fig. 6.3 shows the front view of the NEAP.
The NEAP is also visible when the subrack front cover is closed.
i
ADDRESS UBAT EQUIPMENT-AL COM-AL

1 2 3 4 MAJOR MINOR MAJOR MINOR ACO ACO-B QF2 F
EOW-HS
Fig. 6.3 Front View of the NEAP
Tab. 6.2 shows the importance of NEAP alarm displays, and in Tab. 6.4 and Tab. 6.3
the status of the QF2 data link and the EOW interface is shown.
Name Element Color Alarm type Remarks
UBAT LED Green Power ON indication Depends on the presence of the corre-
1 to 4 sponding power line
EQUIPMENT-AL LED Equipment Alarm Status Can generally be released with the
MAJOR Red Urgent alarm ACO-B button.
MINOR Yellow Non-urgent alarm Function is automatically reactivated.
COM-AL Communication Alarm Can generally be released with the

Status ACO-B button.
MAJOR Red Urgent alarm Function is automatically reactivated.
MINOR Yellow Non-urgent alarm
ACO-B Button Black Release control By activating, communication alarms

can be acknowledged. GND-signal is
connected to all LEDs on NEAP, COPA,
all cards and both fan units via the back-
plane.
ACO LED Blue Reminder for Cannot go out until all the acknowl-
occurred alarm edged communication alarms have
been eliminated.
ADDRESS Subrack -- -- Used for addressing the subracks. The

address Addresses are generated by a rotary
switch switch and fed to all cards with CCM-
module.
Tab. 6.2 Alarm Displays of the NEAP
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 73
Status of the LEDs Color Alarm type
Active Yellow Data is being transmitted or received
Link Green Line is connected
Tab. 6.3 LEDs in the QF2 Connector
Status of green LED Handset EOW handset status
Off on-hook Handset not connected to EOW conference
Flashing (f = 4... 5 Hz) on-hook or off-hook Incoming call from EOW conference to local
handset
On off-hook Handset connected to EOW conference
Tab. 6.4 EOW LED, Telephone Handset Status Indicator
6.29 Connector Panel COPA

The Connector Panel COPA contains the electrical connectors and the EMI filter of the
SURPASS hiT 7070 subrack.
Q/QEXT
EOW
CES
UBAT1
UBAT2
T3/T4-1
T3/T4-2
AUX1
AUX2
AUX3
AUX4
CANEX
UBAT3
UBAT4
TIF
Fig. 6.4 Connector Locations on the COPA
6.30 Clock Adapter Box T3/T4

The clock adapter box can be mounted to the T3/T4-1 and/or T3/T4-2 connectors on the
COPA so that micro coax connectors can be connected to the timing interfaces.
6.31 External Alarm Box

The pluggable external alarm box gives access to the Station Alarm Interface (STAI) via
the CANEX connector, providing the alarms MAJOR, MINOR, AND-BATT and QLink.
74 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
6.32 Telemetry Interface TIF

The telemetry interface is an external signaling interface of the NE providing 8 external
input ports (sensor inputs with configurable polarity) for customer use, which are
transparently controlled via the management interfaces of the SURPASS hiT 7070.
The TIF sensor processing is physically realized by the SCOH.
6.33 Fan Unit

For cooling the SURPASS hiT 7070 subrack, two independent fan units – performed as
slide-in units – are placed above and below the cards. Both fan units are constructed in
the same way and are used identically in single-row and double-row subracks.
Each fan unit is equipped with several fans. A red LED on the fan unit is signalling that
at least one fan is defective.
The fans can be extracted out of the subrack without using special tools. If the fan unit
is pulled out of the subrack, the fans will stop within a few seconds.
The lower fan unit is placed outside of the shielded room of the subrack; the fans have
i no additional shielding.
The subrack is equipped with an air filter. Filter supervision is not provided. Insertion of
i dust filter requires regular exchange depending on room pollution, otherwise equipment
temperature may exceed allowed limitation, resulting in alarm assertion.
6.34 External Shelves for Special Purposes

In addition to the SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC subracks the following shelves are
available optionally for special purposes.
6.34.1 SURPASS hiT 7070 Extension Shelf

The SURPASS hiT 7070 Extension Shelf (PDH Microshelf) contains a core card which
provides an optical 622 Mbit/s link to the main shelf (SC or DC) and manages1:N
equipment protection for the PDH cards (four working cards and one protection card).
For redundancy purposes, the core card can be equipped twice in a PDH Microshelf for
1+1 card/link protection.
6.34.1.1 Microshelf Core Card (ESM Core)

The Microshelf core card (ESM-Core) provides access to the PDH cards within the
Microshelf and manages the 4+1 equipment protection for the IF2M cards.
ESM Core manages IF345M equipment protection.
All traffic connected to the main shelf is directed via this card with a per link capacity of
622 Mbit/s.
6.34.1.2 Microshelf Connector Panel MS-COPA

The Microshelf Connector Panel MS-COPA contains the electrical connectors and the
EMI filter of the SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 75
UBAT1
UBAT2
Ethernet Link
1 to 4
Fig. 6.5 Connector Locations on the MS-COPA
6.34.1.3 Microshelf Alarm Panel MS-AP

The Microshelf Alarm Panel MS-AP is mounted on the top edge of the SURPASS
hiT 7070 PDH Microshelf. It contains two LEDs for indicating “Power On” and a subrack
address rotary switch.
Subrack UBAT
Address 1 2
Fig. 6.6 Front View of the MS-AP
6.34.2 SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf

The SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf deploys a 32 wavelengths DWDM scheme. It
utilizes the 200 GHz channel spacing grid with 16 wavelengths in the C band and
another 16 wavelengths in the L band (see Tab. 10.4).
Fig. 6.7 Lambda Shelf, Wavelength Grid
76 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
32 wavelengths are divided into 8 sub bands with each sub band comprising of 4
wavelengths (Fig. 6.7). Sub bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 are located in the C band while the
remaining sub bands 5, 6, 7 and 8 are located in the L band.
In SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf, multiplexing is performed in 2 stages with the aid
of the MDXM and BSM. The MDXM module is used to aggregate the incoming
wavelengths from the IFS10G-M into sub bands. The sub bands are then consolidated
into a single remote signal for transmission by the Band Splitter Module BSM
(see Fig. 6.8).
IFS10G-M MDXM
Lambda 1 to 4 1
IFS10G-M MDXM To/From Fiber

Lambda 5 to 8 2 BSM
IFS10G-M MDXM
Lambda 29 to 32 8
Fig. 6.8 Multiplex Structure within the Lambda Shelf
Each SURPASS hiT 7070 Lambda Shelf possesses two redundant power input devices
to supply the required power to the shelf.
Each Lambda Shelf offers 15 slots for equipping with multiplex- and band-splitter
modules.
6.34.3 SURPASS hiT 7070 Protectionshelf

The card protection for the STM-1 el. Interface card (IFO155M-E) is realized via an
external Protectionshelf. The traffic connection to the main shelf is done via fixed
connections with coax cabling. The cabling length is limited to 3m because of the
additional loss. So the Protectionshelf has to be placed directly over the hiT7070 shelf.
The Protectionshelf protects three IFO155M-E cards by one IFO155M-E card (each
IFO155M-E card with 8 STM1 signals).
The Card Controller Module is based on a Motorola processor. It is an integrated CCM-
Module.
The power supply unit has to generate all supply voltages used on the board. It also
includes supervision for all supply voltages.
All board interfaces are shown in the front panel view Fig. 6.9.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 77
Fig. 6.9 Front panel view of the Protectionshelf
6.34.3.1 Protectionshelf Connection and Alarm Panel (PS-COPA/NEAP)

The Protectionshelf Connection and Alarm Panel (PS-COPA/NEAP) is placed in the top
area of the panel, which is placed in the backside of the Protectionshelf.
The following table gives information about the number and the type of electrical
connectors placed at the PS-COPA/NEAP:
Type of Connector Number
ILAN UP RJ45 1
ILAN MS RJ45 1
UBAT 2 x 3W3 D-Sub power connector 4
Tab. 6.5 PS-COPA/NEAP electrical interfaces
At the PS-COPA/NEAP the following alarms are provided:
Alarms and Interfaces
• LEDs for indicating 'Power ON'
• LEDs for indicating alarm status:
Tab. 6.6 PS-COPA/NEAP alarms
78 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Alarms and Interfaces
– FAULT
– OK
• LED for indicating ILANF traffic
Tab. 6.6 PS-COPA/NEAP alarms (Cont.)
Fig. 6.10 shows the arrangement of the connectors and LEDs at the PS-COPA/NEAP:
Fig. 6.10 Protectionshelf PS-COPA/NEAP
Since the connector panel is at the top and the backside of the subrack, the handling of
i the electrical cables is unfavorable.
6.34.3.2 Schematic Labelling of one Port of the Protectionshelf

A typical labeling of a port of the Protectionshelf is shown in Fig. 6.11.
Fig. 6.11 Labelling of a port of the Protectionshelf
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 79
7 Mechanical Design
7.1 Racks
The racks used should comply with the dimensions recommended by ETSI (European
Telecommunications Standards Institute): W = 600 mm, H = 2200 mm and D = 300 mm
(ETS 300 119-2).
It is not possible to install SURPASS hiT 7070 subracks in a Standard ETSI Rack. It is
i recommended to use a special Siemens rack.
The rack can be equipped with one or more SURPASS hiT 7070 SC or DC subracks as
well as one or more Microshelf subracks. Fig. 7.1 shows an equipping example with one
double-row and one single-row subrack. This case provided that the rack is not
equipped with cable compartments.
☞ Further equipping examples are shown in manual ITMN.

At the rack power distribution panel, each power line input is distributed over two circuit
breakers (25 A) to the input connectors of the single-row and double-row subrack, (10
A) for the Microshelf subracks, and (2A) for the Protectionshelf.
Rack, subrack and cards are grounded by multiple mechanical and electrical
connections to the planar shelf (protection earth).
80 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
Fuse Panel
Cable compartment
SURPASS hiT 7070

SC single-row
Equipping Example
Cable compartment
SURPASS hiT 7070 DC

double-row
Fig. 7.1 ETSI Rack Equipped with One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC Double-Row
Subrack and One SURPASS hiT 7070 SC Single-Row Subrack
7.2 Fuse Panel

The fuse panel is located at the top of the rack (see Fig. 7.1). It provides separate power
breakers for each subrack.
A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618 81
7.3 Subracks
The subracks are available in two versions (SURPASS hiT 7070 SC and SURPASS hiT
7070 DC) for different applications. For both types of subracks the same mechanical
concept was used.
Both subrack types contain a Network Element Alarm Panel NEAP (located at the top
edge of the subrack front), a Connector Panel (COPA) (placed at the bottom of the
subrack), a cable duct for optical cables (below the cards) and two fan units, which are
placed below and above the cards.
7.3.1 Single-Row Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 SC)

Fig. 7.2 shows the front view of the single-row subrack.
Interface connector panel
NEAP
Fan unit
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
CLU Slot
CLU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
IF2M (P)
Traffic Slot /E-Core
Traffic Slot /E-Core
SCOH Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
Cable duct
Fan unit
Air filter
COPA
Fig. 7.2 Single-Row Subrack, Front View
The key characteristics of SURPASS hiT 7070 SC are

– 9 universal traffic card slots with each slot 35 mm width (Traffic Slot)
– 2 dedicated core slots for High Order switch fabric (Core Slot)
– 2 dedicated core slots for either for Low Order switch fabric (E-Core) or traffic cards
(Traffic Slot)
– 4+1 dedicated slots for PDH cards (IF2M W+P)
– 8 dedicated slots for Line Switching Units (LSU Slot)
82 A42022-L5957-C51-1-7618
– 2 dedicated slots for SETS (CLU Slot)

– 1 dedicated slot for SCOH (SCOH Slot)
☞ For detailed information about slot numbering and equipping see manual ITMN.
7.3.2 Double-Row Subrack (SURPASS hiT 7070 DC)
Fig. 7.3 shows the front view of the double-row subrack.
NEAP
Fan unit 1
113
101

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Information

SURPASS hiT 7070 3.0

Technical Description (TED)

f Important Notice on Product Safety

The same text in German:

Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2004.

Issued by the Communications Group

Technical modifications possible.

3 Overview of the Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6 Components of the SURPASS hiT 7070 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.16.1 Quad Gigabit Ethernet - Optical (IFQGBE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

8 System Control and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

9 Commissioning and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

10.7.1 Linear 1+1 MSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Fig. 7.2 Single-Row Subrack, Front View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

1 Notes on this Documentation

1.1 Customer Documentation

• Technical Description (TED)

• Operator Guidelines (OGL)

• Graphical User Interface Manual (GUIMN)

1.2 Complementary Documents

• SURPASS hiT 7070 Release Note

• TNMS CT User Manual

• SURPASS hiT 7070 Cabling Plan

• SIPAC Installation Instruction

1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation

1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

1.3.2 Symbols for Notes

⇒ Denotes a point in the text which contains specific handling instructions.

☞ Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or cross reference to other

1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs

1.4 Notes on Licensed Software

1.5 Form for your Ideas, Proposals and Corrections

The following points are of particular importance to us:

I use this manual as My functions include

1) Please mark the document concerned.

3 Overview of the Main Features

– 4-fiber shared ring (MS SPRING-4) for STM-16/64

4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies

hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070

Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link

4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function

hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070 Line hiT 7070

n Gbit/s protection n Gbit/s protection

TDM/data TDM/data TDM/data

Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain

4.3 Local Cross Connect Function

Fig. 4.3 Local Cross Connect Function

4.4 WDM Operation

hiT 7070 hiT 7070

Fig. 4.4 Metro-WDM Link

4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation

Fig. 4.5 40 Gbit/s WDM Operation

4.6 Ring Topologies

hiT 7070 a) a) hiT 7070

2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s

a) Standard Ring Topology

4.7 Special TCP/IP Functions in Data Communication Network

5.1 Basic Functions

5.1.1 SURPASS hiT 7070 Main Shelf Functionalities (SC/DC)

SURPASS hiT 7070

SDH High order SDH

Packet Ethernet Ethernet Low