‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﻮي‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﯼ‬

‫اﻧﻮاع اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ)‪(Temporary over voltage‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ )‪(Transient over voltage‬‬ ‫•‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬

‫• ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﺧﻂ ) ‪(Feranti effect‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻔﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎ‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﮔﺬرا)ﻣﻮﺟﻲ(‬

‫• ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ )‪(Lightning‬‬

‫• ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ )‪(switching‬‬

‫‪•3‬‬
 •2018-02-22

(Lightning)…¥ßBu

‫• ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

(Lightning)…¥ßBu

•4
 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫‪(Lightning)…¥ßBu‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻲ(‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ زﻧﻲ)‪(switching‬‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻲ‬

‫• ∑‪œ√k fŒº‬‬ ‫• ‪…¥ßBu‬‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﻜﻲ)‪(Gap‬‬

‫• ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺭﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫‪SIC‬‬

‫‪•9‬‬
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‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ)‪(SIC Arresters‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-3‬ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬

‫‪-4‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺱ‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫‪-6‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ )‪(SIC Arresters‬‬

‫‪•10‬‬
 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ )‪(ZNO Arresters‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ)‪(ZNO Arresters‬‬

‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬

‫)ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺴﻤﻮﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ(‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺮﺹ‪ZNO‬‬

‫‪IC‬‬

‫‪It‬‬

‫‪Ir‬‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ SIC‬ﻭ ‪ZNO‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ‪SIC‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ ‪ZNO‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ZNO‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ZNO‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‪ SIC‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ZNO‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ SIC‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‪ ZNO‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‪ SIC‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ SIC‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ZNO‬ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ SIC‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻂ‬

‫‪•15‬‬
 •2018-02-22

‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

Total Leakage Current:

The total leakage current

increases with only 4%
when the resistive part is
Ic = 100 Ic = 100
triple.

It = 100,5 It = 104,5
This small change in It is
difficult to read on the
Ir = 10 Ir = 30 mA – Metre.

‫ﻛﻨﺘﻮر ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

•16
 ‫‪•2018-02-22‬‬

‫اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي‪ZNO‬‬

‫• ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﭘﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ)ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ( ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ
ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺴﺖ(‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻞ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫• ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬
‫• ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫• ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ‬

‫• ﺿﻌﻒ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫• ﭘﻴﺮﯼ ﻗﺮﺻﻬﺎﯼ‪ZNO‬‬

‫• ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ آب ﺑﻨﺪي وﻧﻔﻮذ‬

‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

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‫ﻧﺼﺐ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﻳﮑﺒﺎﺭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ‪restrike free‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻔﯽ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﮑﻬﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻭﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﮐﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻤﭙﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺴﮑﺎﻧﮑﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﮑﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﯽ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫•‬

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