International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 2125–2131, Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_242

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

STABILIZATION OF DEBRIS MATERIAL BY

USING SOIL
Y. Ravikanth, B. Tejaram
UG Student, Civil Engineering Department, KL University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

B.G. Rahul
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KL University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
Soil stabilization may be defined as the process of changing soil engineering
properties to improve the bearing capacity and durability property of weak soil. The
aim of the study was to review on stabilization of clayey soil using demolished waste
material. Various methods are available for stabilizing clayey soil. These methods
include stabilization with chemical additives, soil replacement, compaction control,
moisture control and thermal methods. All these methods may have the disadvantages
of being ineffective and expensive. Based on literature fines obtained from demolished
waste is a low cost and effective soil stabilization method. The concept of using
Debris material is to identify the stabilization of debris material. When it is mixed
with the soil and what are the properties that changes soil with the combination of
debris material. Debris is the waste material that is obtained from the destroyed part
of the building. The debris material consist of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate,
cement i.e. Concrete. The identification can be done by doing laboratory experiments
such as heavy compaction, pycnometer test, density bottle test etc.
Key words Debris Material, Black cotton Soil, Soil stabilization.
Cite this Article: Y. Ravikanth, B. Tejaram and B.G. Rahul, Stabilization of Debris
Material by Using Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology,
8(4), 2017, pp. 2125–2131.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4

1. INTRODUCTION
Background Marginal and weak soils, including soft clays, muck, organic deposits, and loose
sand, are often unsuitable for construction due to their poor engineering properties. Site
conditions can be enhanced through a number of in-situ ground improvement or replacement
techniques, but these alternatives are sometimes costly[1]. Recycled materials, such as
plastics, carpet waste, construction debris and wood, are often processed, at the source, into
products that can be adapted for a broad range of earth stabilization functions. Examples

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 Y. Ravikanth, B. Tejaram and B.G. Rahul

include recycled plastic lumber, shredded tires, and waste-to-energy ash, which can be used
to improve soil conditions in-situ, stabilize weak or failing earth embankments, steepen
existing slopes, or modify otherwise marginal soils for use as earth fill[2]. The use of recycled
materials to stabilize marginal soils offers a viable alternative from economical, technical,
and environmental standpoints.

Figure 1 Debris Material

Recycled materials provide an attractive alternative to traditional engineering construction
materials such as asphalt, concrete, natural aggregate and others. This is due in part to their
suitable engineering properties, which allow them to be used as substitute materials in several
transportation and geotechnical applications[3]. Equally important, recycled materials offer
both economic and environmental incentives.
In addition to a lower cost in comparison to traditional materials, their use has the
potential to alleviate landfill problems as well as avert costs typically associated with their
disposal. Current State of Knowledge while extensive research has been conducted to
investigate the use of recycled materials in engineering applications; the dissemination of the
findings is often limited[4]. The problem is compounded by the lack of a single resource
containing relevant engineering and environmental characteristics of each material; the
tendency of the researchers to publish their findings in 2 technical reports rather than archived
publications; and the wide discrepancies among local and state environmental regulations and
acceptability[5]. In addition, rapid implementation of recycled materials in highway
construction is hindered by the lack of a rational procedure for selecting and approving the
use of new recycled materials. Among the problems encountered when a new material is
proposed are
1) Material availability in terms of quantity and price.
2) Environmental impact of the proposed material.
3) Consistent mixing and construction methods.
4) Quality control in terms of spatial and temporal variability of the properties of the material;
and
5) Consistent design methods.

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1. Stabilization
Is the process of blending and mixing materials with a soil to improve the soil’s strength and
durability. The process may include blending soils to achieve a desired gradation or mixing

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 Stabilization of Debris Material by Using Soil

commercially available additives that may alter the gradation, change the strength and
durability, or act as a binder to cement the soil.

2.2. Uses of Stabilization

Pavement design is based on the premise that specified levels of quality will be achieved for
each soil layer in the pavement system. Each layer must
 Resist shearing within the layer.
 Avoid excessive elastic deflections that would result in fatigue cracking within the layer or in
overlying layers.
 Prevent excessive permanent deformation through densification. As the quality of a soil layer
is increased, the ability of that layer to distribute the load over a greater area is generally
increased enough to permit a reduction in the required thickness of the soil and surface
layers[6]
Improve Quality Stabilization is commonly used for better soil gradation, reduction of the
PI or swelling potential, and increased durability and strength. Soils stabilized by additives
often provide an all-weather working platform for construction operations. These types of
soil-quality improvements are referred to as soil modifications. Reduce Thickness A soil
layer’s tensile strength and stiffness can be improved by using additives and can thereby
reduce the thickness of the stabilized layer and overlying layers within the pavement
system[7]. Procedures for designing pavements that use stabilized soils are presented before a
stabilized layer can be used to reduce the required thickness in the design of a pavement
system, the stabilized material must meet the durability requirements of various types of
additive stabilization and the minimum strength requirements.

3. EXPERIMENT INVESTIGATION
3.1. Heavy Compaction Test
This test is done to determine the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of
soil using heavy compaction as per IS: 2720 (Part 8) – 1983.The apparatus used is
i) Cylindrical metal mould – it should be either of 11.2cm dia. and 1211.80 cc volumes and
should conform to IS: 10074 – 1982.
ii) Balances – one of 10kg capacity, sensitive to 1g and the other of 200g capacity, sensitive
to 0.01g
iii) Oven – thermostatically controlled with an interior of non-corroding material to maintain
temperature between 105 and 110oC
iv) Steel straightedge – 30cm long, IS Sieves of sizes – 4.75mm

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 Y. Ravikanth, B. Tejaram and B.G. Rahul

Figure 2 Heavy compaction Test

v) A 3kg sample of air-dried soil passing through the 4.75mm IS Sieve should be taken. The
sample should be mixed thoroughly with a suitable amount of water depending on the soil
type .The soil sample should be stored in a sealed container for a minimum period of 16hrs.
vi) The moist soil should be compacted into the mould, with the extension attached, in five
layers of approximately equal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 4.9kg rammer
dropped from a height of 450mm above the soil. The blows should be distributed uniformly
over the surface of each layer.

Table 1 By using debris material

WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF
CONTAINER WATER
WATER(%) MOULD + CONTAINER CONTAINER+DRY
NO. CONTENT(%)
WET SOIL +WET SOIL SOIL
5 5.539kg 18 46grms 43grms 12.24%
10 5.668kg 19 50grms 45grms 19.23%
15 5.45kg 25 68grms 58grms 30.30%
20 5.31kg 27 71grms 59grms 37.50%

Figure 1 Dry Density Vs Water Content

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 Stabilization of Debris Material by Using Soil

Table 2 By using Black cotton soil

WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF
CONTAINER WATER
WATER(%) MOULD + CONTAINER CONTAINER+DRY
NO. CONTENT(%)
WET SOIL +WET SOIL SOIL
5 3.356kg 18.5 34grms 31grms 24%
10 3.865kg 19 38grms 34grms 26.66%
15 3.51kg 25 56grms 48grms 34.70%
20 3.113kg 27 61grms 51grms 41.6%

Figure 2 Dry Density Vs Water Content

3.2. Density Bottle Test

To determine specific gravity of the solids by Density Bottle Method

Figure 3 Density Bottle

Table 3 By using Debris Material

SL NO. DESCRIPTION CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
1 Mass of empty density bottle (M1) 21 21 21
2 Mass of Mass of bottle dry soil (M2) 31 35 34
3 Mass of bottle, soil and water (M3) 71 72 73
4 Mass of bottle filled with water (M4) 65 65 65

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 Y. Ravikanth, B. Tejaram and B.G. Rahul

Table 4 By using Black Cotton Soil

Sl NO. DESCRIPTION CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
1 Mass of empty density bottle (M1) 31 31 31
2 Mass of Mass of bottle dry soil (M2) 42 39 37
3 Mass of bottle, soil and water (M3) 60 51 54
4 Mass of bottle filled with water (M4) 67 66 66

3.3. Pycnometer Test

The Pycnometer is used for determination of the specific gravity of soil particles of both fine
grained and coarse grained soils.

Figure 4 Pycnometer Test

Table 4 By using debris material

NO. DESCRIPTION CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
1 Mass of empty density bottle (M1) 657 660 660
2 Mass of Mass of bottle dry soil (M2) 1061 1018 1065
3 Mass of bottle, soil and water (M3) 1720 1667 1717
4 Mass of bottle filled with water (M4) 1462 1456 1460

Table 5 By using black cotton soil

Sl NO. DESCRIPTION CASE-1 CASE-2 CASE-3
1 Mass of empty density bottle (M1) 546 568 569
2 Mass of Mass of bottle dry soil (M2) 962 951 974
3 Mass of bottle, soil and water (M3) 1061 1667 1717
4 Mass of bottle filled with water (M4) 1720 1742 1753

4. CONCLUSION
 Maximum dry density is more for Debris material i.e., 1.38gm/cc compared to Black cotton
soil i.e., 0.37gm/cc.
 Optimum moisture content is also more for Debris material i.e., 18% compared to black
cotton soil i.e., 32%.
 Specific gravity is also more for Debris material.
 From this Experimental results, we can conclude that by recycling of debris material the
strengthen properties increases because it is the combination of various building materials that
are used during construction process.

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 Stabilization of Debris Material by Using Soil

 Optimum moisture content is less compared to black cotton soil. Maximum dry density is
more for debris material compared to black cotton soil. From this debris material is one of the
stabilizing materials and it is used for construction by recycling. The specific gravity is also
more for debris material than that of black cotton soil. At last, Debris material is recycled and
used for construction purpose and also a stabilization material.

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