SAFE EXECUTION OF WORK

(SEW) PROCESS

“IT’S HOW WE WORK”

 Definition of hazard 2

The Hazard is defined as a source or situation with a

potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to
property, workplace, environment, or a combination of these.
The Hazard Identification is a process of recognizing that a
hazard exists and defining its characteristics.

Hazard = Danger
 GENERAL SAFETY SITE HAZARDS 3

Electrocution Slip and Trip Falls Suspended

load

Vehicle Biological Low Radiation

transit temperature

Generic (Noise, Chemicals Flammable Explosion

etc…) material / High
Temperature
 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASPECTS 4

Air Pollution
Gas emission by controlled combustion / operation
Gas and vapour to define from internal combustion engine
Dust / vapour to define
Water pollution
Controlled waste water to define
Streams to waste water treatment
Spills that can reach river, sea, other natural resource
Waste / rubbish
Industrial and urban waste to dispose
Ground to dispose
Industrial mud
Ground and underground
Spills that can reach the underground natural resource
Noise
Typical noise from plant work and industrial activities
Engine noise
 Definition of risk 5

The Risk is defined as a combination of the likelihood and consequences of

a specified hazardous event occurring. The Risk assessment is the overall
process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is
tolerable.

The initial status of the risk is the risk related to some activities without any
preventive or protective features. The risk shall be managed throughout
Elimination, Substitution, Engineering, Procedures, etc. and only at the residual
part approached by protective equipment and so on.

The risk shall be always reduced till an acceptable level As Low As

Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). Both Likelihood and Severity should be always
reduced ALARP.

Risk, as illustrating in the following matrix as example, shall be considered to

evaluate when is tolerable or not; working in high risk conditions, must be
considered not acceptable.
 Risk – Hazards Management 6

Elimination Design solution

Substitution
Increasing control

Engineering Safeguard Technology

Warnings
Method Statements – JHA
Administrative – PTW - SWP - TBM
& Training
Personal Protective
PPE Equipment is the last one
 Risk Activity Matrix 7

LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE
R= S x L VERY UNLIKELY
Little or no
UNLIKELY
Incident could occur
POSSIBLE
Incident could
PROBABLE
More likely to
chance for with rare factors happen. It’s occur
incident to result combination occurred 1 time than not
MAJOR
Permanent disability – Fatality – Permanent or
long term contamination with high cost – Medium High High High
H A Z A R D S E V E R IT Y
Long term loss production
SERIOUS
Lost Time Injuries - Long Term Absence
Reversible contamination with significant costs Low Medium High High
Equipment damage - significant production loss
MODERATE
LTI / RWC / Medical Treatment - Pollution
breaking limit/some costs - Equipment requiring Low Low Medium High
extensive repair – Loss of function/production
MINOR
No/Minor Injury or Health Implication - First Aid
No/Minor impact to environment or equipment Low Low Low Medium
Negligible loss function/production

LOW: May be acceptable; however review task to see if risk can be reduced further.
Competence and skills are necessary.
MEDIUM: If possible task shall be redefined taking into account hazard involved or risk should
be reduced before commencement. After specialist assessment team standard, procedure and
permit are necessary to proceed.
HIGH: Task cannot proceed: to be redefined or further control in place to reduce risk. Control to
be re-assessed for adequacy before to start. Management authorisation needed.
 Typical Site Project Risks 8

The typical project risk classification and general HSE practices in answer are
reported in the following scheme:

Risk Classification Due to General HSE answer

Medical examination,
Psycho-physical conditions,
information and training,
General Risk knowledge, subcontractor,
communication, evaluation
etc.
and monitoring, etc.
Scope of work, Site HSE practices and measures
Typical Risk peculiarity, local conditions, tailored on project / work
etc. peculiarity
Safe Execution of work, i.e.
Method statement, Job
Specific Risk Work execution
Hazard Analysis, Tool Box
Meeting, etc.
Portion of the risk Personal and collective
remaining after HSE protective equipment,
Residual Risk
practices and measures information, training,
have been applied communications, etc.
To be evaluated time by time
Unknown conditions or
Other utilising HSE principles and
situations
methods
 Why is important to manage systematically hazards and risks? 9

Controlling the
hazards/risks…reducing the......

Fatality 10

LTI 5
10

First Aids
30
15

Near Miss / Hazards

150
75 / 150
300

…is the best way to prevent incidents.

 Safe Execution of Work 10

It is a process assuring that hazards

and risks are anticipated, identified,
controlled and communicated to
promote a safe place of work.
 The pathway to the Safe Execution of Work 11

Method
Statement
Observation SWP
It’s How We Work & Correction

Hazard Identification & Control Increases

Site
SEW
Toolbox Specific
Meeting JHA

SITE PTW
HSSE Plan
Subcontr
HSSE Plan
Site Hazard
Identification

Task Assessment
Standard JHA
Constr. &
Hazcon
Project
definition

Work knowledge increases

 Project Site Definition 12

Project
Following are all initial aspects to be considered starting site hazards evaluation:

Country and local culture

Location
Environmental conditions
Position – industrial area, urban area, etc.
Facilities availability
Legal requirements
Contractual requirements
Organization complexity – JV, Multi Subcontracts
Other
 PROJECT HSE - TOPICS 13

HSE Design Procurement Constructability Construction Operation

Subcontractor Site HSE Organization TCF and Health

Recruitment
Evaluation Aspects HSE Pool On Site

Security and Training & Safe Execution Environmental Safe Work

Transport Communication of Work Practices Practices

Fire Prevention Incident/Accident Periodical Reports and

Emergency Plan
Fire Fighting Analysis Inspection Records

Legal and other Indicators Periodical

HSE Policy Improvement
Requirements and Targets Audit
 Constructability and HazCon 14

Constructability
Constructability is the use of construction know-how and experience in planning,
design, procurement and field operations to achieve overall project objectives.

The objectives of a Project Constructability Program must encourage teamwork,

creativity, new ideas, new approaches, and should emphasize total project
integration, not the optimization of individual parts (joint participation by
construction, engineering, procurement groups and the CLIENT).

The main effects of a Constructability process are:

Maximization of field activities’ safety
Optimization of overall project costs and schedule
Encourage feed back from going on-projects to upgrade contractor working
tools and maximize the benefits obtained from passing positive and negative
experience from one project to another.
 Constructability and HazCon 15

HAZCON
During the Constructability process, a systematic assessment of specific
construction hazards (HazCon) referring to main construction activities
shall be carried out according to the following guidelines.
The following items shall be analyzed:
Site preparation works
Erection of main equipment
Construction of concrete structures
Erection of steel structures and pipe rack
Construction of buildings
Lifts
Erection of main underground pipes
Erection of main above ground pipes
Insulation and painting
Safe Site Depending from….ALL Company Disciplines! 16

THE CLASSIC STORY, AS APPLIED TO IDENTIFYING HAZARD AND

ACHIEVING PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FOR A SAFE SITE
 Site Hazard Identification 17

The Hazard Identification is the phase to collect the information and shall
be developed for construction site activities specifying:

1. General site hazardous caracteristics, health, safety and

environmental aspects
2. Eventual critical tasks arising from constructability and/or HazCon
workshop
3. General hazards arising from critical site phases (civil works,
meachnaical works, heavy lifts, plany shut down, start-up, etc)
4. General Job Hazard Analysis related to typical job and that have
be completed at Site (Task Assessment & Standard JHA).
 Site Hazard Identification Plan inputs 18

Project Constr. &

definition Hazcon

HI
Critical phases
Commissioning/ Site Hazard
Start-up overlap Identification

Task Assessment
Standard JHA
From the Site Hazard Identification Plan to the Site HSE Plan 19

HI
THE HIP CONTAINS FOUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION
TO DEFINE THE SPECIFIC SITE HSE PLAN

Review Policy

SITE HSSE
PLAN
Implementation Organization

HSE Rules
and Standard
 What we are speaking about? 20

Major Hazard HSE Processes HSE Standard

Manpower Medical examination Confined space
Health aspects Energy Isolation
Environemntal Aspects HSSE Plan and POS
Electrical Safety
Dangerous floor Hazard Identification PPE
Obstacles Environmental aspects Fall Protection
Material movement Respiratory Protection
Electricity Induction Training/PPE
Communication/involvemt Scaffolding/Ladder
Machine and Equipment
Fragment, sliver Hole/Grating removal
Organization/Training
Heavy loads Housekeeping
Security/Material-Vehicle Manual handling
Danger from height
Noise Traffic Plan Office / Warehouse
Asbestos/demolitions Camp Specification Hand and Power Tools
Lighting levels Job Hazard Analysis Industrial Mobile Equipment
Ionizing radiation Crane / Rigging
Permit to work Suspended work basket
Pressure / Temperature
Fire and explosion Tool Box Meeting Demolition
Gas release Fire prevention Excavation
Overlap/live plant Emergency response Concrete / Steel Erection
Cement/burns Welding and cutting
Chemicals, H2S, HF Investigation NC/CA
Abrasive blasting
VDT/Office Inspection and Painting
maintenance Pressure testing
GENERAL SITE RULES….ARE THEY ENOUGH? 21

MANDATORY FORBIDDEN Designated

areas only

ID
Badge
 HOW We Can Manage Safely ALL these activities on site ? 22

Site Safe Execution of the Work

1. Method Statement and General Safe Work Practices
2. Job Hazard Analysis
3. Permits to work (as needed)
4. Pre-Job Safety Meetings (Tool Box Talk) (Last Minute)
and, during the execution of the work
5. Inspections/Observations Discrepancy Correction
6. Weekly Training Meeting
7. Hazard and Incident reporting
8. Site HSE committee meeting
 Safe Work Planning 23

Current Ongoing
Situation... Planned

Breakdowns Unplanned
Work to do

Do the work
 Safe Work Planning 24

What needs Ongoing

Planned
to be ...

Breakdowns Unplanned
Work to do

Assess the Hazards

Do the work
 Method Statement 25

The Method Statement is a written document that describes

how the work will be done, indicating, but not limited to:
• the equipments
• the workforce
• the standards that will be followed
• the procedure to work
• the job instruction
• the general related hazards and HSE measure to adopt

Subontractors shall prepeare Method Statement for all works

conducted on Site.
 General Safe Work Practices 26

To Complete a Method of Statement reference to general

hazards related to the activities in subject, and reference to
the General Safe Work Practices is needed.

General Safe Work Practices is a set of guidelines for

usual site jobs, which are established to assist site
personnel during the planning and the execution of the
works in a safe way

Sometimes, such information, it is available also as a

general Job Hazard Analysis for typical site activities

Example of a safe work practice is the Energy Isolation

 General Safe Work Practices - Example 27

Example of a safe work practice: Energy Isolation

The method of isolation and discharge of stored energy

shall be agreed and executed by a competent person
Any stored energy has to be discharged
A system of locks and tags is utilised at isolation points
A test is conducted to ensure the isolation is effective
Isolation effectiveness is periodically monitored
 Specific Job Hazard Analysis 28

Related to a Method of Statement and to the Specific

Hazards present at site where and when the task has to be
done, and taking support from a General Safe Work
Practices:

• a specific JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS shall be prepared by

the Subcontractor

• presented to the Main Contractor and

• discussed by the Foreman/Supervisor with the

workforce before to start to work
 Specific Job Hazard Analysis 29

Stage 1 List the steps of the job

Stage 2 Identify the Specific Hazards / Causes

Stage 3 List Precautions and Controls

Stage 4 Communicate the Results

Stage 5 Adopt, Check, Correct and Refresh

 Permit to Work Definitions 30

A PTW System is a formal written system used to control and document

certain type defined activities.
Restricted works/areas are those activities and/or areas/systems requiring the
PTW.

Basic PTW are Cold Permit to Work and Hot Permit to Work are generally
qualified as basic permits. Several kinds of PTW can be identified in different
system/procedures.

Cold PTW are associated to works that ordinarily does not create enough heat to
ignite flammable gas-air mixtures of flammable materials in hazardous
environment, restricted areas and/or close to operating units.

Hot PTW are associated to those works that involving the use of burning or
welding equipment, portable grinding, portable electric tools, electronic
equipment that is not rated as intrinsically safe, powder actuated tools,
vehicles, etc. a regulated or restricted area. All works that, even if don’t imply
use of sparks or flames, are executed on “live” equipment/system, are included
in this category. A Hot Work usually requires execution of a gas test prior to
start the work.
 Complementary Permit to Work 31

Complementary PTW are those needed in addition to

basic/typical permit to work, such as: Lock out/Tag out
(energy isolation) of electrical or plant system, Gas/Air Test,
Road Closure, etc. Generally this kind of activities need the
intervention of auxiliary authorised persons, not necessarily
directly involved in the work to be done, in order to put or to
test the safe condition of a system, of an area or of the
entire site (example are the road closure) before the Permit
to Work will be issued.
 Permit to Work Roles 32

PTW Authorised Person is an individual who has the necessary competence, in

terms of experience, knowledge and training to be involved in the issuing
process of the PTW certificate and who is entered in an approved site list,
having received a specific training on site

PTW Requester is the performing party who wants to execute the work and shall
initiate the PTW, presenting all the documentation needed (JHA, PTW initial
form fill, etc.).

PTW Issuer is the operating party that accepts the work to be done and/or gives
the final prescription/authorization to work.

PTW Receiver is the executing party that recognized all the conditions
established for a safe execution of the work.
 Restricted Works – Areas where PTW is needed 33

Construction Grass Root Restricted areas Operating and

PTW generally is not applied. It in Grass Root Shut Down Unit
might be for specific areas
or categories, as per:
In Grass-roots area with In Operating-Shut
1. TCF/ utilities install. & demob down of Plant-Unit
2. Confined Space
commissioning overlap or in
3. Electrical Hazardous Work grass root area inside live the Permit to Work
4. Hot Works in dangers plant area, further to what is mandatory.
5. Road Interruption and closure
indicated above, Permit to
6. Crane lift with specific study
7. Excavation in dangers Work could be mandatory in
8. Scaffolding with specific some restricted areas or
study energized systems. Those
9. Work at height with no edge
10. Work with hazardous material areas/systems shall be
11. Works in sensitive environ clearly identified and
12. Radiography communicated to all
13. Night work
14. Activities on/in/near live plant involved parties at site,
15. Other non routine activities marked and barricaded as
creating large interferences needed. Access shall be
risk (i.e. pressure testing,
abrasive blasting, chemical
allowed only to designated
welding, pre-commissioning persons whenever possible
 Toolbox Meeting 34

Toolbox meetings
Held by the Subcontractor Line Supervision also as part of Safe
Execution of Work process for about 5 -10 min.

SWP
Last Minute
The topics are related to the specific task
Risk ongoing and to the related JHA/SWP and/or
Specific Assessment
JHA Permit to Work. Workers shall be involved in
Toolbox sharing their opinion for a safe site.
Meeting
New information and reccomandation
may arise from the evaluation of the
context around
PTW Bottom up

enforce the process throughout

LINE SUPERVISION
 Observation and Correction 35

Line supervision shall conduct periodical Site survey during the job
execution to evaluate and immediately correct any discrepancy from
the defined JHA/PTW and the working methods

Job Job
Preparation Execution

Observation
& Correction

TO APPLY AND MAINTAIN THE

DEFINED STANDARD
 36

REMEMBER
SAFETY IS A GREAT DEAL MORE THAN JUST
HARD HATS AND SAFETY GLASSES
AND MORE THAN JUST RECORD OR
AN APPRECIATION CERTIFICATE
It is YOU and YOUR commitment that will
make the difference
THANK YOU !