European institutions and comparative international systems - 1

European inst. and comp. inter. Systems – Topic

Concepts
The Single Market
 All of the EU and EEA
 Inside: Free movement of
o Goods, services, capital and workers (4 freedoms
 Outside: no free movement inwards
o Common Customs Tariff (barrier)
 Applies to all EU members states. Fairs differ depending on
the product and its origin (on the economic sensitivity)
 4 factors of production (used in production to produce output)
o Land, labour, capital and (entrepreneurship)
o The bigger the market the more efficient the system (economies of
scale)
o Theory of Gains from trade!
 Non-tariff barriers are also prohibited in the Single market
o Every government can have different
 Non-standard standarsd
 Licensing requirements
 Scope of IP rights
 Direct or indirect State aid?
o Private companies have different
 Market sharing agreements
 IP (e.g. trademark) agreements
Free movement of workers
 “Worker” – anyone working or actively looking for work (+ their
immediate family)
o EU/EEA citizens only (with exception)
Graph
Legislation
 Must be made using a power in the Treaty
o Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)
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o Principle of conferral: According to this principle, the EU is a union

of member states, and all its competences are voluntarily
conferred on it by its member states.
 Regulations (Verordnung)
o Apply immediately to everyone in the EU
 Directives (Richtlinie)
o Require Member States to adopt laws to give effect to EU rules
 Decisions (Beschluss)
o Apply immediately, but only to the people to whom they are
addressed
Whats in it?
 Consumer Protection
o e.g. General data protection regulation (GDPR)
 Environmental protection
o Technical standards – emissions
 Economic policies
o Competition, indirect taxes, some financial services
 Company law
o Workers rights
 EU network regulation
o Energy, transport TC networks
 Where is the EU going
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Enhanced co-operation
 Eu treaties allow groups of members states to go further than Single
Market rules
o Musnt endanger sinlge market for others
 Euro Area
o Single Currency since 1999
o Supervised by ECB in Frankfurt
 Schengen agreement
o Single area of free movement of persons
o Schengen visas – may be for restricted purpose or time
o Emergency powers