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Disbelief/Kufr by Sheikh Atabek Shukurov

“Allah is not satisfied with disbelief for his servants.” (Sura Az-Zumar 39:7)

“Surely, Allah does not forgive that a partner is ascribed to Him, and He forgives anything short of
that for whomsoever He wills. Whoever ascribes a partner to Allah commits a terrible sin.” (Sura
the women 4.48)

We need to know about disbelief to protect ourselves from it and not to accuse others of it.

In the Arabic language Kufr means to cover up or hide. A farmer is known as a kafir because he
covers seeds in the ground.

In the sacred law kufr/disbelief is to deny anything that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him) brought, with the condition that it is definite and two to deny or refuse something that is
definite which is well known to the Ashari’s or something that is just definite to the Maturidi’s.

Something definite is something that is in the Quran or widely transmitted hadith.

The Ashari’s and the Maturidi’s are two groups of Sunni theological belief and the main groups of
this time

There is major and minor disbelief:

Major is disbelief as described above

Minor is when someone is an ingrate about blessings

The conditions for disbelief/kufr are:

1. Sanity: a person has to be sane, an insane persons is not taken to task

2. Awake: if they say it in their sleep, it does not count

3. Forced: if someone is forced then it does not count

The definition of faith/Imam is acceptance of the heart with affirmation on the tongue

With the conditions: 1. Not to do an action of disbelief. 2. And not to jest about it.

The levels of disbelief/kufr are:

1. Kufr Inkari/ Denial disbelief: denies belief


2. Kufr ‘Inadi/ beliefs inside but rejects on his tongue like Abu Jahl

3. Kufr juhudu/ungrateful disbelief: knows the beliefs and rejects

4. Kufr Nifaq/hypocrisy disbelief: no belief but he says he is a believer

Action does not take one out of Islam as action is not included in faith according to the Maturdi’s.

To disbelief in Allah someone has to give him human attributes

Disbelief in the Prophets (upon them peace) is to deny their prophethoods which have been
accepted by consensus. Examples which are not accepted by consensus are Dhulqarnan, Dhulqifal,
Luqman and Khidr.

Disbelief about religion is to say something is halal/permissible when it is prohibited/haram. For


example to say fornication is halal without marriage

Disbelief about the companions is say that a companion is going to hell when the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) said they are going to paradise, like the ten promised paradise
and the Bayat ul-Ridwan/the oath of acceptance. Cursing the companions does not constitute to
disbelief but denying that Abu Bakr is companion does because he mentioned in the Quran during
the migration to Medina. Also to say that the Angel Gabriel made a mistake and should have gone to
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) instead.

Disbelief about scholars is when someone hates a scholar without valid reason. Also to make fun of
the circles of knowledge or to say something else is better than Islamic knowledge

Black magic is a major wrong action but is not disbelief unless you think that it has a power on its
own.

A person can fall into disbelief but disbelief does not fall onto a person

A word of disbelief does not mean that the person leaves Islam and the only person who can do this
is a Judge/Qadi. The Qadi has to know one school correctly, some information of other schools and
he has to be close to someone who can derive his own rulings a mujtahid.

It is not permissible for an average person to call another Muslim a disbeliever because the hadith
prevents us. “If a man calls his brother a disbeliever then one of them deserves the description.”
(Key to Paradise page 78 hadith from Bukhari 6045, 6103 and Muslim 60, 61)

No one can guarantee that they will die on Islam

To protect ourselves from disbelief you can say the following:

‫وأنت عالم الغيوب‬


َ ‫وأستغفر َك ِلما ال أعلم‬
ُ ‫ئ وأنا أعل ُم‬ َ ُ ‫اللهم إني أعوذُ ِبك ان أ‬
ٌ ‫شرك ِبك شي‬
O’Allah I seek refuge with you; if I have associated with you anything; and I know; and I seek
forgiveness to what I do not know; and you know the unseen.
A person who has pronounced the words of disbelief must:

1. Repent to Allah

2. Repeat testification of faith: “There is no deity except Allah...”

3. Reject previous position

4. Re-marry if necessary

5. Repeat necessary actions like Hajj – disbelieve will destroy all their previous actions

Shirk/polytheism or idolatry

“Dear son do not associate partners to Allah, Truly idolatry is a great injustice.” Luqman 31:12

“Allah does not forgive idolatry, yet he will forgive other than that, to whomever he pleases.” The
Women 4:48

Shirk in the Arabic language means to co share or to share

In the sacred law it means to make a partner to God, in essence or worship

There are six types of Shirk:

1. Shirk Istqlal: Autonomous idolatry – to belief in separate deities i.e. Zoroastrians

2. Shirk Tab’ad: separate idolatry – to say God is one of three

3. Shirk Taqrib: approximate idolatry – to say that they are worshipping idols to get closer to God.

4. Shirk Taqlid: Imitative idolatry – to follow fathers

5. Shirk Falsafa: idolatry of the philosophers – to believe that there is a power other than God

6. Shirk Al-Gharad: idolatry of intention – this is carry out actions for other God, in intention

The first four are considered as disbelief/kufr


For the fifth we have to find out: a) if he believes that something has independence power then it is
kufr, b) if they believe that they have a power by God then this is innovation/Bi’da

The sixth is a sin

Shirk/ idolatry is minor and major.

One to five are major idolatry and number six in minor because of the hadith that it is minor idolatry
when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) warned the companions. The Prophet
said, "I only fear for you minor idolatry.” The companions asked, “What is minor idolatry?” He
replied, “Ostentation.” (Imam Ahmed Musnad 23119)

According to other scholars they state idolatry is three kinds:

1. Idolatry in Lordship/Rububiyyah by two things: a) to deny God and say he is created, b) to say
someone can create other than God.

2. Idolatry in Uluhiyyah: this is worship of other things, this is major and the minor shirk has been
explained before

3. Idolatry in names and attributes of God, this is of two types: A) to consider something similar to
God, someone can forgive other than him. B) To make god similar to creation

Additional point

The sura of purity (112) negates eight types of disbelief.

1. One God

2. No other

3. God exists

4. God is the preserver

5. He was not given birth to

6. Nor does he give birth


7. There is nothing similar

8. or Equal

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