Suruchi Sharma, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015]
Design and Analysis of FIR Filter using Artificial
Neural Network
Suruchi Sharma
Dept. Of ECE, M.P.C.T. Gwalior
E-mail ID: suruchisharma89@yahoo.in
Abstract−For the designing of low pass FIR filter it
require filter specification like sampling frequency(fs), cut off
frequency(fc),pass band frequency, stop band frequency etc.
By using these specification we can calculate filter
coefficients h(n).These filter coefficients decide the structure
of filter. It is easy to get these filter cofficients from filter
specification by using simple calculation, but it is difficult to
find filter specification from filter coeffients. In this paper we
use Blackman window for FIR filter designing& then using
Neural Network tool to estimate the cut off frequency of
given coefficients of FIR filter. Firstly we have designed the
10th order digital filter then calculate the coefficient of
designed filter. We have normalized the frequency and
designed filter at frequency ranges 0 to 1 Hz. Then we have
calculated the coefficients of filter at different frequencies.
Some data group of coefficients is used to train the neural
network designed using generalized regression algorithm
and rest are used as test input to neural network. Designing
and analysis of low pass FIR filter using different artificial
neural network algorithm and then comparing their result to
obtain most effective among the two and accurate neural
network design algorithm for FIR filter.
Keywords: Specification, Coefficients, Neural Network
I. INTRODUCTION
Finite impulse response filter are the primary types of filter
used in DSP. For the designing of low pass FIR filter complex
calculation are required. Mathematically, by substitution the
value of passband, trasition width, passband ripple, stop band
attenuation, sampling frequency, cut-off frequency in any of the
methods from window method, frequency sampling method, we
can get the value of filter coefficient h(n).In this paper Blackman
window method is used for filter designing and feed forward
distributed time delay and radial basis function neural network
algorithms are used to train and test the network.
©http://ijcer.org e- ISSN: 2278-5795
Abhishek Lahariya
Dept. of ECE, M.P.C.T, Gwalior
E-mail ID: abhishek.laharia@gmail.com
II. DESIGNING FIR FILTER USING
WINDOWMETHOD
The windowing method requires minimum amount of
computational effort so window method is simple to implement.
For the given window ,the maximum amplitude of ripple in the
filter response is fixed. Thus the stop band attenuation is fixed in
the given window. The frequency response of fir filter shows the
convolution of spectrum of window function & desired
frequency response because of this the pass band & stop band
edge frequency cannot be preciesly specified. In many
application the expression for the desired filter response will be
too complicated. Here we used fdatool for filter designing.
III. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
The development of artificial neural network started 50 years
ago. ANN is a gross simplification of real networks of neurons.
In common with biological neural networks, ANN can
accommodate many inputs in parallel and encode the
information in a distributed fashion. The information that is
stored in a neural network is shared by many of its units. This
type of encoding is in sharp contrast to traditional memory
schemes, where information is stored in only one memory
location .The recall process is time taking process and
generalization is usually absent. The distributed storage scheme
provides many advantages, most important of them being the
redundancy in information representation. Thus, an ANN can
undergo partial destruction of its structure and still to be able to
function well. Although redundancy can also be built into other
type of systems, ANN has a natural way of implementing this.
The result is a natural fault-tolerant system which is very similar
to biological system.ANN is an information processing system.
In this system, the element neurons, process the information. The
signals are transmitted by mean of connection links. These links
possess an associated weight, which is multiplied along with the
incoming signal for any neural network. The output signal is
obtained by applying activation function to the net input. The
artificial neuron is characterized by architecture, training and
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 Suruchi Sharma, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015]
activation function.
Figure 1: ANN Architecture
Here we describe two important types of training algorithm.
1. Radial Basis Network
Radial basis networks may require more numbers of neurons
than the feed-forward back propagation network. They can be
designed in a fraction of time. They work best when there are
many training dataset are available. RBFN is less time
consuming for network training. RBFN consists of three layers:
an input layer, a hidden (kernel) layer, and an output layer. Each
layer is fully connected to the previous layer. The input variables
are assigned to the nodes in the input layer and they pass directly
to the hidden layer without weights. The transfer function of
hidden nodes is RBF. An RBF is symmetrical about a given
mean or a centre point in a multidimensional space. In the RBFN,
a number of hidden nodes with RBF activation functions are
designed a feed forward parallel architecture. The parameters
associated with the RBF network are optimized during the
network training. These parameter values are neither necessarily
the same throughout the network nor they directly related to
constrained of the actual training vectors. When the training
vectors are presumed to be accurate and it is desirable to perform
a smooth interpolation between them, then linear combinations
of RBFs can be found by which give no error at the training
vectors. The method of fitting RBF network to data, for function
approximation, it is closely related to distance weighted
regression. The RBF expansion for one hidden layer and a
Gaussian RBF is represented by radial basis network.
 (1)
©http://ijcer.org e- ISSN: 2278-5795
(1)  
Figure 2: Architecture of RBF network
2. Feed forward distributed time delay
Feed Forward indicates that network has links that extend in
only one direction i.e. neurons are only connected in forward.
Time delay neural network (TDNN) is an artificial neural
network architecture whose primary purpose is to work on
sequential data. The TDNN units recognize features independent
of time-shift (i.e. sequence position) and usually form part of a
larger pattern recognition system. Converting continuous audio
into a stream of classified labels for speech recognition. An input
signal is augmented with delayed copies as other inputs, the
neural network is time-shift invariant since it has no internal
state.
IV. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM
The aim of this paper is to estimate the cut off frequency of any
given coefficients of fir filter and increase the accuracy. Here, two
algorithms are used to train the network and after comparing the
results of these two, we will get whose Accuracy is more from
fdatool and nntool. Here we used Radial basis network and Feed
forward distributed time delay algorithms. For training purpose
we use input output dataset derived from fdatool, and for testing
purpose we use a test input and simulate it using nntool.
V. EXPERIMENT
In this experiment we use Blackman window technique for
filter designing and feed forward distributed time delay and
radial basis function neural network algorithms are used to train
and test the network.
a) Step 1:
Low pass fir filter designed by fdatool. The order of filter is
10.We use cut of frequency(fc) ranges from 0 to 1.Then set the
value of fc = 0.05 and design the filter. Export the value of filter
coefficient h(n) on workspace. Repeat the same process for
value of fc from 0.1 to 1.So this gives the 19 dataset of input and
output. Out of these 19 dataset we use 17 for training and 2 for
testing. Here input is h(n) and output is fc.
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 Suruchi Sharma, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015]

Figure 5(b): Network creation by nntool

Figure 3: Filter designing by fdatool
b) Step 2:
Create the MS excel file for training input, targets and testing
input. Then load these files to MATLAB workspace.

Figure 4: MATLAB Workspace Figure 6: Training and simulation with test input

c) Step 3:
In this step we design the neural network model by nntool.
Training is done by Radial basis network and feed forward
distributed time delay algorithms. After training, simulate the
network by testing input. Then compare the result by data from
fdatool.

Figure 7(a): Result of simulation process by Feed forward

distributed time delay network

Figure 5(a): Network creation by nntool

©http://ijcer.org e- ISSN: 2278-5795 p- ISSN: 2320-9348 Page 55
 Suruchi Sharma, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015]

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the above experiment, according to the Table 1: by this
process we can easily estimate the cut off frequency of any
firfilter. Comparison of mean square error using feed forward
distributed time delay network (FFDTDN), radial basis function
(RBF-ANN) algorithm given for analysis of low pass FIR filter.

Figure 7(b): Result of simulation process by RBF network

Table 1: Comparison of mean square error using FFDTDN and RBF-ANN algorithms used for design of low pass FIR

h(n)Filter Blackmann FFDTDN RBF Mean Square Mean Square

coefficient Window error FFTDN error RBF

h(0) 0.35 0.39677 0.35284 0.00218743 0.00000807

h(1) 0.70 0.69912 0.69789 0.00000077 0.00000445

[4] Seema Rani, Amarpreet kaur, J S Ubhi P, “Comparative study of

VI. CONCLUSION
In the presented work different network structures i.e.
FFDTDN-ANN, and RBF-ANN have been used to achieve the
optimum model for the defined problem. After comparision
among these two algorithms, it is concluded that both gives
better approximations but overall RBF network is found more
efficient, fast and showing accuracy of 99.99% and above in
most of the cases.
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