a

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 202 204 EL 012 1184

AUTHOR Latify, A. Hartz

TITLE Spoken Dari. Preliminary Edition.
INSTITUTION Foreign Service (Dept. of State), Washington, D,C.
Foreign Service Inst.
PUB DATE 80
NOTE 452p.
LANGUAGE Dari; English

'`FORKS. PRICE MF01/PC19 Plus Postage.

DESCRIPTORS Cultural Context; *Dialogs (Language); Glammar;.Indo
' European Languages; *Intensve Language Courset;
*Pattern Drills (Language); Persian; Postsecondary
Education: *Pronunciation Instruction; *Prove bs;
Second Language Instruction; Textbooks; Vocabul
IDENTIFIERS ' *Afghanistan; *Dari; Foreign Service Institute DC
1.,r=

ABSTRACT
This book contains the core of the Dari language
inatfiCti program developed by the Foreign Service Institute.
KOst of he sentences and exercises in the lessons are presented in
the Per ian script; the spelling represents the actual pronunciation
of colloquial Dari. Each lesson includes a set of basic sentences and
drills, vocabulary lists, grammatical notes, pronunciition drills,
question-and-answer exercises, and.a dialogue. A large number of
proverbs and sayings are included in the lessons because such sayings
are-used constantly in Dari, and they give an insight into Afghan
culture and thought. (Author/AMH)

***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
***********************************************************************
 11)

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402
Stock Number 044-000-0176S-7

4
FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE
Edited by
MARIANNE LEHR ADAMS

5
 Acknowledgments

- I would like to express my deep appreciation to my

former students who very patiently put up with the errors
and loose pages of this book when it was being used in xerox
form. Their thoughtful suggestions were very helpful.
I am especially grateful to Dr. James A. Snow, linguist
and Chairman of the Department of Near Eastern and African
Languages, without whose comments, suggestions and patient
attention, this text would not have been possible.

Recorded material for this course was prepared in the

studios of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Jose Ramirez
and members of the language laboratory staff.

Finally,. I would like to thank Mrs. Marianne L. Adams,

He d cf Testing and Publications Office for her willingness
to
make arrangements for the publication of this preliminary
edition and to Mrs. Maryko S. Deemer for typing the English
sections.

'A. Hafiz Latify

iii
 SPOKEN DARI

INTRODUCTION

This book contains the core of the Dari instructional program

developed by the author at the Foreign Service Institute.

Each lesson includes a set of Basic Sentences and Drills. These

are to be introduced orally and practiced by simple repetition. The
students should imitate the instructor's voice, practicing until they
can say each sentence with reasonable fluency, keeping the meaning in
mind. Listening and oral sractice.are the essential steps in learning
to speak.

After the sentences have been practiced in this way, the vocabulary
lists and grammatical notes may be.consulted.. The pronunciation drills,
question -and- answer exercises, and other exercises should also be
practiced by imitation.

The Dialogue at the end of the lesson should also be practiced

orally; after they have gained fluency, students may take parts and
repeat the Dialogue as a conversation. Then, most important, the
students should begin to use the material of the lesson in genuine
.conversation.

This course has been designed primarily for inductive learning.

,Many exawples of each grammatical point have been given-, and explanations
kept to a minimum.-

In learning to speak and understand Dari, the student must rely

primarily on his ears, listening to his instructor and to the recordings
which accompany this text.

Phonetic transcription has been avoided, except in the vocabulary

sections of each lesson. Most of the sentences and exercises'are presented
in the Per'ian script. 'The spelling used in this book represents the
actual prciunciation of colloquial bari; this differs somewhat from the
spelling ually used in Afghan publications.

A la. 1 number of proverbs and sayings have been introduced in

these lest s. Sayings like' hese are used constantly in.Dari, and they
give an it .0-1t into Afghan' culture and thought.

The purpose of this course is-to help the student learn to communicate
in Dari to exchange information and ideas with Afghans. By the
active participation of both student and instructor, this ability can be
built up. Learners should not feel bound by the lesson, but should try
to use what they learn at each step to express their real ideas and
opinions.

One of ur favorite proverbs- says jt,"mosht nmmunm-e-kherwar zes."

which may be roughly translated as, "By a small sample we may judge the
whole 7.1.ece."
 SPOKEN DARI
}1..",,

L....11 t.r....e.6; 1 ji.S a5.

tv-S lm I) 10; j
c..) 14) t.11., Lib cj .0S

Ik.,1 ...)1 )1 df j Loya....i. Lto.t.e.-t I 3 Ltb 154

tS If.; fab L.. L5 Cie I r4L""&"-" k:+ef I 03" may C):4)11-;)

-J3-At ° ltb.) 3 41 ti 134 J 4;35 -W:1,14"; 61--tj 5 )° `1'"d `f

I .4. La & .3)!A;) 15.; 1 45 j..ua r'1-°' Ls

-04-; o'r
1J Lit) US. ,:ke

4.%.

1).1. tL, e..1. ts I..tb Lreitat:

6. I 45 -3)1 Ja.3 ISA di,

Lo, 1...m'' .5; Iv . 1)1 J 6.6.0) .05 ..141 Le) LeyZ.,

8 /
 ,te L14 ,t,

I i_pt , .;-..;. 1 Ir <5.

t.):-.1<:--
-: i ''J l't.
-1 t.s...,..f'-q.- ct-r<1.

rte. tai
-4-4,9,, !,, E. - . /1/44.4...; I -4--`k, -!,,s. S.,"" -)_?-11 (410-4

-4,

<. 14-r j 4-okr5

J1 I 4 tr)

.L71 - I.J.,4 cc,

(s-c..; 44, 1 tir. -/ 1-4.4kr

,-take-,

tzr 0_1 -te

jam

, ,J 41%

2
 SPOKEN DARI

usb Lr 1.3 j.11 450; ljt.t.r.

. T.;11veL., o au, lj", ) 1 og J.;

4.)L-,11-,;1..n "" 4.)6e11".L.S. Lr.3 L7

./-t' 15.41-0 0-"'" LS.Jt" li

, to _L.:, dz.... :1 A:0 j,,3' l:

Lx t 1:: to
own. J Vz-tryzy tr r LI*

_tekolt, 14t, Ls), ,:j51 4.1 4 ...54.,;4,41-:. jt.

!7.)4

O -)Aal ..;t jet vi

1
3
 SPOKEN DARI

The Alphabet
AL.WI

Final Medial Initial Usual Value Isolated

alif

bay

pay

tay

say

jeem

chay

2.1 y

khay

d dahl

711111.0 zahi

r of ray

11 z zay

(measurel/ jay

Seen

1.3# sh sheen

a sought

zought.
 SPOKEN DAR!

Final Medial Initial Usual Value Isolated

toey

zoey. .

eyn

rah.
gheyn

fay

slough

cough

gough

lahm

mim

noon

WOW

4- 4,- .4. hay

Note that the following group of letters, like the jare

never
connected to the following letter.

Note that the di does not have dots in the i 0 ated or final

positions.
 SPOKEN DART

1. Some Examples:

Phoneme Dark. Examples Approximate English Equivalent

4 siP Aria.
e ser BetWeen the English vowels of
va#

Sit and set

e: soar cake'
ee s Between the English vowels of
can and cut
0
1.1 tit' ai....0" .01 root
o. khod put
A.5.'7
0: so:r note
../,fro°

a dar / Between the English vowels of

A.)
cot and caught
K car king
-.411
deo Ik1 said way _back In the. throat
q
0,
,
_laVh at4 . bottle,
ch char
-- Jig' ..
chair

x4
h shar
alaa
&
01* 17
should
measure., azure
...-

kh .khub ......." place back of tongue agains t

back part of soft palate and
exhale
/4
gh zoEhal disk/ As 'kh' above, but voiced
 SPOKEN DARI

An,Tntroduction to Reading

ti
The Vowels

There are only three:symbols normally used in Dari for

vowels. Their basic forms-.,are:

a 30

1 used in the middle or at the end of a word represents

the vowel sound 1 I At the beginning of a word, however, the

1 merely indicates that the word starts with a vowel.

represents the aound a.

represents the sounds u

represents the sounds i and e:

The three,remaining- vowel sounds which are represented. by

only at the beginning of a word are m,e and o

m =

Most of the letters have been grO4ped into families and

most of the letters within each family are distinguished by means

.
of dots written above or below the letter

7
 SPOKEN DAR I

In reading Dari, the-following principles should be

considered.

1. Read from right to left.

2. Identify the Dari letters by means of

a. Shay of the.letter. I
b. The number of dots.

c. The position of the dots.

Here we follow some of the examples and their equivalents;

P b

6.4;0. 4
just one example, and you do the rest of the exercise.
,e
.%19, /.-
6
1' 'Cf 1°

kh

z.

)y1

L
 SPOKEN DARI

06

;l /9I e
cr/

v. Cr
I ty.91 v..; (pi
now read

..Go
31/4°

t.
 SPOKEN DARI

gh

e
cs C, 6,/ 9
f
rah

sd
/ dm.; rnuoi

now read this,

Low
kiita°'

6:0 If, /r.s

4),

10 17
 SPOKEN DARI

oy oI oI

1,y

af,/ dy/ d/
now read this.

10,4
4.r.
 SPOKEN DARI
..01111(111%

For Memorizing

-Hello. (Hi)1 smlamalekom

-Hen o .2 How are- walekom (mswIlam)

you? chi al dare:n?

- Not bad .thank you.

How about you?
bored ne:s tmshmkur,
shorria citor? T
-J...t:; try:. -
- I'm fine thank you. Ithob asS tom taashmkur j.tit:.; (4.1.1 i.e.'s..

-Is your family fine? fameletan khoba3s? I

ObJeali
(fine) (it is the faazle khoda (s)
grace of God) .

What is this? i-chis?

What is happening?

chi gasp ms?

What is- gang on? ,

. :

What ia the news? chi kilMbwr ms?

What is new.? chi nMw ms?

nothing, :none ech

Ncithing is.happening. ech'gmp ne:s.

Really? rasti?

NOte:.
1
Lit. May peace be 'with you. ,Shaking hands is a eryimpOrtant
aspeCt of ,the Afghan'oulture:; Even close frierkdsi ahake hands,
,upon meeting for the first time during the day, as well aa upon.
taking leave.

2.
this expression is used only as e'reply.

12
 SPOKEN DARI

Where'are you from? Shoma mz kojasteln? Ott:'-'"t5

I'm from America.. ma az amrikastom r-"'15101 :11 4.

What is your name? name: shoma chis? 10-4 ft;

My name is name: m3.5
Thank you. talshakor

You're welcome. qabele: tash4okor nets

good-by,-good night khoda afetz

good -by, good night bamane khoda 1..u.

Please repeat. lotf,sen tekrecr kone:n oid.)55:

Please speak' slOwly. iotfan'astagap
bezmnetn.

I have aheadache. sarem.da!rd,me:kona.. 4:51.0 rjo.,

My head aches
,.-

LIN
both are the same ardo yak chiz as

the same wyne.chiz ms o

CAA

how?. chito(r)

We will see later. ,pasan me:bine:al

NAM*. 13
Have a nice trip'. safaare bmkhOyr

I'm very happy to am Mol.aqate'shoma _z

meet ou. besyarlftmlhastomi 0277j1t""1 "4 4:°)
u

It was nice meeting kbpb-shod ke ShOmarm.-

you. milagat kadom

I'm very happy, to ast didane shoma ut.ovt-....f olad,-) )1

see you. besyarkhosh,, astom

It was nice` to see kht_:o shbd ice shomara; kr

you.. didom
 SPOKEN DARI

Why? chera.

Why not? chera ne:

because, in order to anktaterike:

Hurry Up! zud shu

asOwlaa ku

Welcome! lapsh amaede:n

Thank you (lit.: may kilosh-bsshe:n

-you be happy)
(response to above
'welcome!')

of course wlbaata9
,

that's that's
right \. dorUst aes

it doesn't matter p.mrwa'nmOaree

I'm very; sorry.., besiar. mota3sef

cestOm

I!m very sad. bbsy0 motamei, IIILL410

Eestom

16'
, Excuse me. sorry bObEekgsheln

1 apologize. Me3Z era3t" Metkhaybm

doeshit make. any firq hapine:konm

difference
3

It's interesting.
.
.
delchaesp Des 6,

It is boring. akun 'eas

414
.

missed you. pushtet diq shogom f ..c-"zatv

21
14
 Np
SPOKEN DARI
AD

Congratulations! tmbrik

It's pretty. qmshmngae

bmdrmng me 1 kjat
Its ugly.
bead qMwarms 'Le 4.) 9'

L.r
That's all right. Klmirms
.1,41,ZAZ:
I'm thirsty. tushnmetom

I want to drink, me:khayom mw r.#5"."(-31)

some water. buldxwom

I am hungry. gushnmetom

I want to eat me:khayom chize.

something. *bukhorom
64. c1.5te
Please help me. lutfmn maaras kommk

You are very:kind. mehrwpan-aletesn

YotOre very kind, met rmbani shomas

(lit.: It is :your
kindnesS) .

L 1..r4 -
:(it is) enough. _bme me,

God'willing. .enshalla .

Please' eat!. lotTmn npshe an

kone:n- L 04,150t,:- 1111.1

What would, You like chi noshejan

to eat? me:kone:n?

May I come'in. ejazms dakhel shmwoM?

'please '(`1o) yofmlimayin .

It is very crowded, besyar bi/4ubar ms

2Z
"i5
 SPOKEN DARI

I hope. khoda konm

Forget it. faramosh ko

I-am honored mushairralf shudum

How much do I owe you? chaan(d) qaTZdaret

mstum?

it is useless
be: -faydms
it does not do any good

mind your own m to mmbut ne:s t..rvj 4-:

business

be careful, eteyat ku

.
of course, certainly bm chishm

Goa bless,you khucia rmhmmt kunth

For God sake. bm leyaze khuda

Thank you'.for mz mmm chiz tmshmkur

everything.

Do ,me a favor. yask kar khu bwrem

Will you? bUkd?

I'm tired. khasetaetUml: ej.eforoa...",

him tired. mandastum ra:- -Oa

It is very important. bisyar MOhim ao Jig-4 it

fortunately khushbakhtanm

LinfOrtUnately. band baakhtanaa.

. n
, .

'please bd quiet, .lutfa3n 0.ram,bashe:n 6e-4

.
Tontt make noise ghal ghal nakunen'
 SPOOU Di DARI

Be quiet (shut up) Oup ;bash

(slang)

Be quiet (slang). qmra bash 00,70);

May you not be tired. mandm nmbashi

(when someone comps from a trip or even a. short walk)

(as reply) may you zendes bashi

live long.

How are you? sehetet chetorme

(how is your health)

How are you? tmbeymtet chetorms

(how is your nature

Good-by .(.1 entrusted beekhuda sepurdemet

you to God)

thanks to God shukr

in my opinion bas fekre mm

in my opinion,in 4h: nas

my belief

in.my opinion., bisSneezmreyeee mm

my .idea

don't' .worry. ,negmran nesbasnin

don't worry. be:ghmm bashin

he's verykind to me. smrem:mehresbanm

he's mad .at. me. sarPm qar ass j,_

Where are yoU going? beekhmyii?.

. _

You are very kind. lutf meikune:Ti

It t-haS bPen a long besyar wagt ms

AS
time since .I, have ke nmdide'm re -4
Seen you.'
 SPOKEN DAR I
.0.0101.1.611111

Is everything o.k..? kheayreywt as

± like it. khushem meyaya

(Iteomes to my
liking). khushdarum

You are right. rest me:ge:n

Itts worth it. me: arzm 41) t..s.

I don't know. (slang) mze them

s
 N31)100 VC !S

sear" LIO I
rc r:740

fsTt.41 *ati Jags

at; al-±1

'.fiat41 'au at.ts

et41 uosaad sun
,c.Watiq atm
uosaad
6s,t 14 aA

luasaad
suz,

*),iosIg paco
Stu au.)

v: -

ann4
inOX 4.1:7:10 t.; wo etaati "
aT2stia eas .
TYPiygd

2sLim '...Le)

' u.oTtim

aaat.fp4

'aaaum qm a1 ,1s
Wsea usse.
a:its2s '4ieWais
 SPOKEN DART

pen qaamm.

paper kalhmi

teadher rna1em

student shagerd

book ketab

be 'budmn

present stem ms(t)

lesson Oars

very, much, too, a lot -besyar

word; vocabulary lughmt

pl. lughat

north,, wind shmmal

south junvb

conversation, dialogue mokalemm

sentence jumlm
Co' Na.t.
)31. jummlat

drill, exercise, pract ce tmmrin

clock;, watch, time sat

20
i
r SPOKEN- -DART

2S
 SPOKEN DARI

*vas 1 e; 91

1' vet>. %I r

Ivy? 1;31

:or I 4.46 vv .> cs o

.j.1.105 rt low;

11-6 11;91( SJI) SaVettqr L., I

22
 SPOKEN DARI

Below are the endings of the Dari verb:

.
.

sing. ... (I. ) -om a

I
pl. ...ma(we) e:m ' hr

sing. ...tu(you)(familiar) -i cS
. II
pl. ...shoma(you) -esn CW

.sing. ...u(he, she, that)

III -99 a
i(he, she, this)
r,

pl. ...una(they, those) an

*this rule does not apply for the verb Ito be.'

example: to have dashtaan present stem -dar/

I have. mm darom . AO

we have. ma dare:m fic

you have. to dart cs /..

1

you have. shoma dare:n

Ow dr ta.:*

(he, she,
that, it) has dare O
4)

example: to do kadan present stem kon

I do. mae mp:konom you do. shoma me:kone:n

CAP69"
we do. ma me:kone:m fr6cf L (he, she, it) does. .460. /I
me:kona
 SPOKEN DARI
.11111.

t6 be /budmn/

present stem /ms(t)/ there is no ending ,

in person singular.

rl.A. a --1.

fill in the blanks.

14)1' 3

4,..r 3
:141 ,z

I'S) b3
 SPOKEN DARI'

rI°13 JtIC .31 as

(;3 %Ate )1

read this.

rz.I c)b...31.;,; 4. A
(71!5e)11

jos :11

c4-41.1 .)1

-kr)-2Am lei.

J 4.
.40 .fats
0)1..) L.,t1
LS, 71 .1:: 4
 SPOKEN DARI

1:6

it

40J1:,1 csaft.ps; la-al c...) -1 (51 1 1

ofi 41&14.. A.r:Pj Ul

4.)1.1 C.,d.P5 L-4 cr) -1 Ls%

translate the following. eJI 46.11 ()NJ J (5

I am from America.

He is from Afganistan.

Where is he from?

He is Afgan.

This lesson is very easy.

 * SPOKEN YDAki

e- a connector used with nouns and adjectives, often in the

sense of tof.t

The connective - e : aL61:\ezafm

l'- good book' ketabe khub

2 - your book ketabe shoma

3 - your books .ketabaye shoms_

4 your white book ketabe smfe:de shoma

5 - Dari book ketabe dmri

6 - the owner of the

, car sahebe moteer

The above examples illustrate the following:

a. The suffix /-e/ connects the modifier with the word modified.

b. It is suffixed to the word modified.

c. The second word either describes, defines, or limits the

the first.

d. With the chaih of words in the connective -e construction,

all of the words take the -é but the last, e.g.

The President of the United States of America.

Rm yise jeemhure mzlaye motmhedme mmrika

6614 43'11Cla .&1""" vv.%)

41%0 Lre.111"")1

34
27
 t:
SPOKEN DARI

451

I' vie,- Ls u t,. rti;

c.Sj t; 1:6 (.5 CA..

;LI LI fty5

tz(5J -5C1.4 _.

'LP i U LI

ess4". 1501014)t " -11105

&ACV-PI 4T9LI` 4° 0 14-
u:.Jte 1 0.6 )1 La iv;
Jej,..14 1 )1 4. ,0L
 SPOKEN' DAIti

now translate the following.

01:1 A-4-4 c.r.) Ls'

45:0 r
t;;-- vice' Lls

1
- 4.5 t*-4, Y

ad. A

tarrie ,,.i!+. 1...S )1 1.

"---N-also, too, either ( r-br )"

t.r1 C..)1:1 LP) -I 15

01:1, .c.:41 T
, SPOKEN DARI

Oada4ASZ 4;ij

14)1

Lie

u :4u1 )1

t..-11,1 ;1 44, -

CI LI° ama 4.platt,

 SPOKEN DARI

(t)-kab ogia

.LAOL°4 ."1

dke 0)U4

.4.1/4) b...; lAii at )t,q

4.300;)1 ; 4044

ja:t JU 4 rbvIA

41.1.4. at 0;11

*UV% J1" 4e Pli°

44 vas
.1 I r Ni

. 4 4,;:pi,

. j*1 4. ofr,,,14:11- Ifts

A
SPOKEN DART
411111!

Translate -the following

1 -yhat is this?.

2 - Are you from Kabul?

,

3 - Nor, Irn not from Kabul.

4 - Do you have a watCh?

5 - Yes, I do.

6 - What are these?

7 - I don't know.

8. 7 What do you have?

9 - I have a Dari Dictionary.

1Q - Really?

11 - You are joking.

.13 - Very good.

14 - What is that?

1-5 - Nothing.

4.1-0 Jih114-44
4.46.).* 45.64.0.14
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson II
ri-) "Le') -I

car, automobile mostmr

Work job, emplbyment kar

houSel,home khanm

'radio radeyo

why? chera,

beCause ez khaterlke

alsO, either, too (h) am

friend rmfiq

of course mlbmtem

first wwwaa

second dowom

God khoda

goodby khoda afez

now ale

very, very :reach, extremely,

quite, many. besyar

poor grarito 41-vsla

a woman, wife za9n

suffix; his, her, its

uA
ex. his, her, its name
(it rt)
American mrikayl

,...,
 SPOKEN DARI

bi, large, 'important,'

older, oldest kaaan

from, belong,. to FJz

money-.- pul

child tefl

pl. mtfal J too

apartment mpartman
who? ki

bread, food, meal. nan

one, an, a syank

lazy tambal

name nam

married zmndar J JO)

husband shuy(shamhser) (.01-4 ) 41,4"

Note: when the progressive indicator me: (ing) is prefixed

to the present stem of a verb in Dar' a present tense is

formed, e.g.

to do kmdmn 0.6 ) present stem is (kon. cars )

I do. .mm me:konom 4e 4t. me: plus kon 05 plus ending.

we do. ma meskonem
you do. shoma meskone:n _ _

you do. to meskoni

(familiar)
 SPOKEN DARI

(he,fh.y, it) does. u me:konm - - - 44,

they una me:konam _
LI

In Dari dean 0-3 and tmn C are the signs of infinitive. e.g.
kmdmn 0.4 to do

Aashtmn it -1-1 to have

zmdmn 0.)) to hit

kmdmn .c.).6 is commonly used as a part of a compound verb

in Dari, e.g.

tmshmkur kmdmn -6th to thank

kar kmdmn 0.6 A to work

42
 t).)).\
`t) .)
No
)
.) S.)

)
)
. ) S*?
e. V.)
tV

'4.4k b) %Y. U)

. 0) ,
. 10)N.))
),
7.°

.7.fib1

kr5
.00
A J
6) ,,f
4,
vP6) N.
ta'
4.
ate
 Jr nem lofor r01 i tr leuti

frief4 f
ire r Pp.) es-J C i L
ft r
I
Mft"'n PIP grj

rirt efoe sitp gr4 sr4

ire r 1Psr 71-0 41-4 gre

4 Vg/ 441 A
4411514,V11
TIT, uT et eXuvIct
riff)
ins,1 rr
. 414/
OOO 11r.

ter, re
. . . , .

cl

r "'"1 1
SPOKEN DARI

l4. 0.,
0.;

oNS 4 kip "CJI-11

110.) 4.9,e
44.1, - roT
LAP Cu. Pt; CA-
ra.4.1 rifts 4. ivj5

) U.) J UJ It-

/ (dib-t 4 r:"4"1 JO) -- tit;

ftrit-Z. LA 4T,i` Adf

vta re;
rJ J J4
ufiCio 3:.* re;

6t.r. I a. ui GJ t

39_ 4 6
 SPOKEN DARI

'answer the following:

416*°) Lot fit; 1

o J &AM r5

J 0) pu5--T

sue. ft)544.-4 r I. A

04%v or 4..0 6- 1

? 41,10.) tor L2. ) T

J &t 1r
SPOKEN DARI

(06ita coa-

-$ J14 r
. I -
et-lb

T(.s.)1 JaN o
A; 4e j.6 )1 1
Qii `1101 AL-'14 IV/ V
TomiS

XVI CAA t;

I L -" I
J-6 J D iy

416 ..11 r
 SPOKEN DARI

44., 4:-.

col fie;

.j I

atijent-66

.0J J tJ -seji
 4;e4i 4.4 Jou-

. ejt.$ Jai) 44e el JAL

Asa.. NA' id" 1;

.2jo.ii
. oij tifs. Jaazikesjapiar,

411.) .Li. .11babesAO.

Jam ail,
ji.t; 4:11.
I, a
 SPOKEN 'DARI

translate:

1 - Qasim is very poor.

2 - No, he is not poor; he has

a lot of money.

3 - Are you married?

4 Who, me? no Ilm not married.

5 - Do you know his name?

Yes, his name is Omar.

7 - Is Omar from Kunduz?

8 - Na, Omar.is fromTadakhshan.

9 Oh, really?

10 Yes, they are husband and wife.

4.5.014/16114'lle

41 Ile OP
Plit" 4
 SPOKEN DAM
Lesson III

NH! ut;

so, then! khmy

city Mar
early, time, already wmqt

blackboard eraser tmkhtm pak

lunch - nane chasht

fuel te:l

to go. rmftan

present stem ru

to work. kar kmdan

for bare 0)4

drawer rmwmk.

..class /classroom stnf

meat gosht

restaurant rmstoran

third seyom

cheap, inexpensive sarzan

expensive, price qimmt

to see, visit, watch Aidzen

present stem been

small, little khurd

far, away .dur

fruit merwm
 SPOKEN DARI

later paean
good-by bamane khuda
table me:z

in, at, on dm(r)

condition, state, health -hal, aal

Additional Words ()Li' cA.-115.

President (of a Republic) saris-e-janhoor cre..)

PriMe Minister smdr-e-ml zmm

President, Chairman rmyis

-Director mudir
+

alAtrAf 6...diva Jo tori 1.04 itkaijf

16cdpiptat-).ro,
rA.,),41J 4"7:1*P4.040. .ake this!, sup
4-09.1,1,40)

'm*6'1" J*641 I
tOad°40 dgOtwt* UM0.04,5

.01"4"-I-raebti

t%re Pfa .04`"'" UNA/ uf

46
Note:

Noun -Phrases

I need threeehair(s). Sei chmwki kar daruM f)1-!) jYr 4*°

Ineed some chair(s). chmn(d) chmwki kar darum fj1JA&t.

Unlike English, a noun is not pluralized when modified by

a counter or quantity word, and there is no difference between

mass nouns and count nouns in Dui as the following examples

indicate.

I buy some tea. chay meikhaarum rja-ir

,I buy some cups. piyalm meskhmrum

431,1/4

noun esm
r-m°1,

adjective sefmt

verb fail c

adverb qmyd

d4l0.11 ,ntri

sui-*Etak-, -tie 4;0 --r

-1.0i
 SPOKEN DART

(19-*' Lra

'LP I 1.
-0 " .05.3 51

or; 'V° '6::"`; J Istt.1 A; T

Jle.e J.,-gb Lst

A-4. L.-t:S (51

.0-I 0)6 A.; 31 _r

oNS 51

AV" tie
455
 SPOKEN DART

d J 4)1 411,J :Ara

-t; t)1;- cs

. (3)1 _L;
414 4-11.1.o (51

. 4) -t; el)

6) C.1-05-6 j Id-416f J1

. ej _3.; J

'LP Jjie. 4-11.1.o 31

c.,-1 At--4

)-t--z

4 6 4.
t-itaj

ts- _
(.7*--".)
SPOKEN DAR I
1111111f

14e) 5 Jr S JJ 4.

') 6 CA-4, J

AA.)

re;
r-Sev jJJ"
. AA) a.

CA*-;JtS. 0-16"

uJ J.et

14..00.; 13.9
 SPOKEN DARI

fjadqta

rd.; --1 1

r LA-

-4-)15 rib Lyle

j 4v

4:44j

csd., 5,1 L,S.Ls

 SPOKEN DARI

Ls) JL u 6.- a -; r5

5-; J5-tz Ad,

> C.) !lc) ar a Jwji

.1:"`e 01

Oji Ljt.; Lrw.`

Wee C.) Lst " 4.1,33 l;

fle-441" Le -- -leji

L7) is it 4) 12"

1 e At)
 4;

4"4 ..,i
k.e.

....".,

......."""..

+5 f
kJ.

53
 SPOKEN DARI

( ay-tab 40 ote

oiLlt

isrl'a'CUb )1 fr-V
I J otib
ro-11 titiJ re;
4..:)1; eg.-3

.011.11 . 4wor 40 GO. prosi

-3c

...P324 .01 rI'D

tortaf J tJb

drk; 4/
fejt., 01.0:....j 44, 4.1.)b e J

trttS J1 Al--;
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson IV
r cr)-1

library ketabkhanm
English _
_englisi

German, Germany. gmrmeeni

slightly, a little bit symkmme

Persian resi
diffiCult moAkel
to read, sing khapdmn

present stem

Pashto Pmshto: .1:.-""v' ":,

when, what time chi wmkht

, , :
t 4.:..3.,
.
ur
when ,
kmy
0
. , 't.J.--1.
,-,-
a; '
to know danestmn .0z......;1..)

present stem .dan _

0.)

I don't know. nmthe:danom r.:140,1

French fthransame.,
!I n

to speak., gasp zaltdmn

present stem gasp zmn 0).4

language lesan
today emroz

tomorrow smba
 SPOKEN DARI

Additional Words

tongue zasban

mother-tongue zaaban-e-malt ri

foreign, foreigner khariji'

foreign-language lesane'lcharigi
A,N

.4.04Aist, tg) ado

'kr1 JA1b1 4/JJ16010 roc

El

4-$J-PLigt.,, 40-64 is)Asoto,

;I rt- .

c.pt rbs.

;.r ortv f

Ai.mcrip;CLotbit. rb- _

ceJtiOL-1 Jte 44

Tviter.1-44.6-oLoil; --1

Ti."44b .P1A- 4) 'AU tt)

56
SPOKEN DARI

rJ Let' (...rj

(6, ,e" 4. 1

(:).; 1;3-1

3
SPOKEN DARI

L.r, t-.-2

.0.1j5-4. _A..1 1

4..r J5-444, )1.--: (.5

LY't )1&*".1 1:5 cs I

(5

,,,t L:t j.,.

re)5
 SPOKEN DARI

(5) -) rd)-5 Y

4u)e, L.5 (s) -3e)

0-;:A kv Lc) 4.1

4::;4 ;S 554V 3

) 4;:A`a Ai `Se)

4:.;0' (-5) 7.,-6. A_

l-: j
CA.,e'a kV` 1f-4"q 1;3 I

'LS.) J Le.5"' ..A.`""e

. L.,1 t.
fill in the blanks.
. . L..:

.. . . . . I ..1.;,..!

cr-5.e -3
 SPOKEN DAR;

Cht-;&%-; svS ts)

C.01..;:x.A.1 SFS Lrt*.) t

LFS Lev-It I

tz t.s,J

0-91i 4u-6 ti,-)1

0.1/4.'1;1 4.)-16-)1

-,

Lyi4-
j11
> >ri.

I' je.. v.:35

01--e
t

SPOKEN DARI

v-14;" Le:. 1 T

C.xtrem "43, Le"

Cul.'

--) r

..te-; 17,7 1
T (4),06; .

tf.,00-

Ly; 0
 SPOKEN DARI

(5) -) J L ce- 44- ii

tiu:

Ls,--; 1.1* I

t tit-iv-4:J t-ib -.73 c.)1-71 Qt4,

a-aiNe t; LJ ti;

0,16.

-Li- rit-;&:Atat.1)
 S PO DAR I
11.1111=1...

translate the following sentences.

CAtz ts-v. ( LJ cri la.

ck.r. ttS) r

4:14.01, Laa3 6*. 1' c) I _

I' to.

t tl -4 1
Lit LL. t se.

4.;, Li. j A

t LI*

45t4; ) -1

1.J
63
 SPOKEN DARI

e) "61 4.5.A1 r

t.e.)14.0 tii.1

. ur I:6 tsLii.

00.11; li.r l:6 ac Ja.tftro

V.v.; tji

;1 tai

4.:jedi ,3 tri
/::11

I ..)564., J10--1 tiburt ust.) Lc) t.u.i

t 4; 1;5 0,5

rola lib ftriZ5 j

4;1 je ° 5.P "'; J

t; ti,,.; i;
tt.". 1 J56:. te`J LI 01 tsiq
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson V

11----"-le LP-) J

to excuse, forgive bakhshidmin

present stem Vmkhsh

excuse me. bubmkhshen

question sawal

in, to, at, into bm

to become shudmn

present stem shu

meaning mmni, mana

singular mufrad

plural jmml,

next, other, another, else digger, dig

object marker rm

suffix following words ending in a vowel.

object marker ae 0

suffix following words ending in a consonant.

envelope pakmt 7..51c

to say, tell guftmn

CrLi5

present stem gu
(Ls)
you are welcome qabele tmshmkur ne:s try-:J5-.1%J-fU

to help, assist kommk kmdmn c)..6.d.LS

65
 SPOKEN DARI

Please... bofmrmayeen tefit

This'ten is used to ask someone to do somethi' 3. It is

used in a wide range of situations; the closest English equivalent

is 'please.'

In a telephone conversation it might mean something like 'go

ahead.' It does nbt occur with those whom we should address by

(tu .4:), only with the plural form (shoma ) or being formal,

please lutfam lkki

additional words
c,/
to wait seebr kdn

wait] saabr ku

wait a minute' yak dmqicias4 .swbr ku <

ejw *vjgai
CAP6,pre 4ii,p;

044.: joy lip

Lem.6.113 tog Iii1J

66
 SPOKEN DAR I

plural signs in Dari:

1 - fo animate and inanimate objects 1 ...t; LI. ts

ha IA J31

animate )1-'04. inanimate 01".c.ofHl

41 Jjir

'115-45) CO tlb.),er
.jle

J (5 .)4 Lt.:L. for animate only : an 01 r.9-, _r

67
 SPOKEN DAM

r-1--;v L) j

4Z.r 11.:

.
cit sit 1,
e

68 75
 SPOKEN DARI

complete the following.

44g; Lir

j 0110

of...a.a...tem 0 j 010 1.-.1

6, 4.

ex...t.i÷;

4.5 1 011-4.-i--t-f

69
SPOKEN DARI

"WA e', iS) -1 41

4-49 Ly?,- tij J 41 (.1

4 A.4 Lyp (5) Al wall

41-41t' a Le,- (SJ -MI table

azt. csj s a.tdi c ti onary

"a Le.." Ls) woman

ti-44 1
Lez Ls

0-4. J -1 wall

4:4-4va .)or

. &Ate 4.S5:r4SJ dictionary

co woman

Otr-t to?: U.) -/ 4 °AO Y

u". (5) J 4 4 J.,

cme50., to uj a: ebook

4.5) .1 at radio

70
SPOKEN DARI

Jul A
tw5g.° r 'Ls) as 4)3

tot, ts al a book

rAtt,d -) 5 Ls) -I d4 to radio.

1
t15. tab.?.

It-rte-?`, cje

t_r Lice; C),(xz &-!*-

71
f
'1
 SPOKEN DARI _

4)1" 4,4 rtt Ls I 1 1

o, OidaD

ej .) 454,

Clj LINA j

) IIt-.-- 4. C) IX")

.
LY* k:"-"ft (i..)1 -c1

c) )) j C) 45.pf C.) ,) t-$

L.)- `:-.Ae; J ( 4-4 ) C' LSy C)1.),:".) (-5

eejb Ot"Ste r
rste-; urA,- 4
r:. Jt...; et-tb 4.5Ae LIS 4
c A A. 4 -)
Aa.)5 4-,
6.%. Le- 4

7'
 SPOKEN DARI

dJ
cApS.tisC ( dja ) deal ii.11.1 r.2.14,....45,..3 (51

4.'".; I 4J r 1$ t.; I

envelope

c,Sit (jj j 4.r envelope

Je

f.,1-) 1,,gb 4-.,

Ls.) -1 44 4 wine

".'Af-'1 4.5j 4{ 4 wine

J, 4 yvzitzz art
Nix J 4j Or;

uJ

'3
 SPOKEN DARI

translate.
t51 1
urlA4111 k..!* t.5 T

(5..1 a 4.e T
cm.- tr.) 4.1 d tam

Jea; 41).1.5

21/4 04-t=s-e4 Y

cttliitpkt.

aj -I aq Myth

1. rot ter WI 11
pia 41'tem l-^! 54.). `~-1110 1'1135 I lr

4.1kpo Jui.t

6-40 JtJot ,6444#10 45

 SPOKEN DARI

- tff 110.

eL: 4160 exi

tatAi tf,4

*if 4.:411$ et.*

di,e; d per.44

it: 1 .01; .ptio J

 SPOKEN DAR!

transl t:e tne

y07,:4 ar. en.vf2:1pf.-,7?

2 - One m!,nute, T

\ * hav

5 - k.now?

.,.

T don

yolA call

10 - ,!;;Lme In?

- Plee
 DART
,....rororoacr..wiransworowW.,p5orponorm

tne

4;)

nale

q ars ta

77
 SPOK "11\i DARI

I - 041i-(Lrlea.: )
rcIter11!
2 - Mr. 31r,, aentieman . r:qay1 - ks

tiCi
dear, s,1,

nj 4 a trl.

Mst etiated Afgnan3 msPe harles. A

12 usaH.,.y A :7:ants iast name Is

n:t Li3Jally l'arri: 7 narrle. A ::-K:ts last Is nc)t. ne(;ea-

4riz :T., 1.
tie

be brtes.
'rir 11 f',7-yr A

tnem these name. Take the lead fre:....m

t.fl tnelr secbnd

- Menlo

..-,71mes alriaea..akaa..Loar ) saraf;

L.

4.0 °

Inf!LinT.:±1

7a
 SPOKEN DAR I

. 2 :;alr.e3 (.5 -J L=0 ,,,y1 ) t'':/]5,' ri t

LrJL VI rj - f. r:;/..ma

cirm;.-... I

d. J.

Cdr:"..;.;:i.

: kjle AJ I j

LL
(
(...) Lk:At -AJIJ )14-

) r (r.!,

r: r:

C 1.

Lex

;1:1t)(...1
'-j,'".0-11

d 0,1X.

d' Atoka. i7I t

rn '1.9,rr1,I`j (.4
 SPOKEN DART

741f E..~ 'IL:

1.110.1"2."

1' ?: F.% '!;; j 1-,an% ar,,J

T(,

tnf.:

(m) tsvf

"1:,

3a

ria.mee (m) At""-

(::;)

1
SPOKEN DAP.

tj--LP".)°1

r.-;--k,"5,."1 4. ))-r

6.i.r.1 3 tyir
r '17 t;5 Lo--1

ru`rcr Ly4

1,..r 6.;

b
81
 SPOKEN DARI

Lo-e-15-;

1 1,;i1 5

1.1; 5

ty; 5

I 1 1
or' 5

Le..1 1))1 jle-,-i 6 ----

V^..1 44!"--Iiit

15 J

LY' J')". kof

LP.

02
 SPOKEN DAR I
,F=ON001.1INOMMIONIMINNI...-

L.r Lite--5

ta- tr--4

1.3" I 4-11 )11,---e

k...rr.; `4:44V-; j 4t-! ;51 y

Crw" 1:41 '"! 4)!-- I

o I

( -rte.; `-4^*".5 It(

-A
(.5

' 83
 SPOKEN DARI

k.r

I.;

1-7k) 1 L-t(

U.' "3,

r L.
I -

C,N

or'!"
Nil r--

":- 1 1

letft1.5,

I
I
t

(fa
91
SPOKEN DAR!

t. 1.4 4.; C4t,4

.yt 41 erl

.Ift- 'art k.r*

6.5

W 4,, kjtv i,st

.1
L-7.0

Or 4* kyL

t-*,

'1/415) 141,e"; 4*

t.:,.N"^'

sti
SPOKFN DARI
Mar111.11..

1i- _

ii- r L

c_r '44 -'j# 4L-P**e 64t d-

86
SPOKEN DAR!

) k1u Ovz
oitai Ili

.11 sa i; 401.A

44,41, 4 ...or

0 tit ti 4
kjog, 4. Y1 Q.. nAllt

frjme-e ,s,v J, j&j r

U .A.6

r
 9

j
4**444,0;'.4'....47.01064.144-4
1
cia
7444,44../41E+40
..-
;,1

r",/
.

.,!.
I
gi40,die

? if 414*

/ 414"

....,.........."-* ;;;,..............-...."
4., .1. .7%,,....**'"If
j;. , .:, 4 s.4-4,--,,,...
i 1'4 i . .
s' R

;.) r.::N
r , ; - .1
Yf

* "-..-'-)) \*
......;,........1.,.., ....
'1/4..,
*-tl* s, 1...) 0
...; i
..
,..44' --'. ''NNs
. ..,) 'N., .0.....4,
...
--.......----- ,..,...- ..,,
no t......, ...--%\--,-.) t.,,,,,,

0 iI
d
i ....,...,
- ... ----
,
u il-,
41,
.
1/4

, '''.N...$)t,i
dirt
) ,rt.!... 0 # ' .'"'" \\!...1 0-...:;. t ,.'
. V°- .--
.
`:77
... g; .

....,,
,

......,==.«,....r.,....=7.:* .......,.
........,,, :.4 ... .is
nt
"4
ir--. .11,...;>.,------
us: ,.;) ., ,-.. .'-.
',. s4
.......01 ,ii 4....,....4... A ::-
....9
. re...............,,, _,.........=,....' --;- I I'
o t
: i,
t.........,1...--..-",'
f ,...%

'';` 54

9
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson VII

Paz
life zendmgi

to live zendmgi kdn

to think fekr kdn .

how, how about cheto (r)

Suffix; my ....em
r

e.g. my book

Suffix; our. ....ema L.

e.g.- our book

Suffix; your ....et

your book.

Suffix; your ....etan

your book

Suffix; his, her, its ....esh

e.g. his, her, its book

Suffix; their (his, her

polite) ....eshan

e.g. their book 4.0-teld

his, her book

father pmdmr

mother madmr

brother beradmr, bayadaw

sister khowar, khowar

 SPOKEN DAM

parents waledaayn (i"

college fakoitm 43:J. 5.S 6

LAS
 SPOKEN DAR/

...11.10 Numerals (Numbers)

The numerals are given in the following table. The ordinals 6

are formed from the cardinals by adding ...om. (r)

cardinals ordinals

one yak, yag, first (ymkom) mwaal

( (6e )

two do 34 second dowom

three se: third se4om

four char JL1Hr fourth .charom
Nit
five pmnj ele fifth pmnjom

six shmsh t;*4 sixth shmsom

seven . (h)Mft Q:alb seventh mftom

. eight msht . eighth ashtam

nine not ninth no:om

ten da3 tenth dmom

eleven iyazdm eleventh yazdam

twelve Idowazdm 41J1.9.1 twelfth dosZiazdmom

thfrteen se:zdm thirteenth. se:zdmom

fourteen card fourteenth chardmom

15 panzdm "54 -fifteenth panzdwom

16 shanzdm sixteenth shanzdaaoin r..cb L.:.

17 mbdm -11-4° seventeenth a9bdaaom r_tb

18 assudm eighteenth Mdmom r-ib -5-46

19 nuzdm 4.1.j.: nineteenth nuzdmom.

99
 SPOKEN DARI

20 bist twentieth bistom

21 bist-o-ymik gL 5 c"-wwq twenty first bistoymkum

22 bist -o -do twenty second bistodowom

23 bist-o -se 3 ""te-f twenty third bistose:yom 3

thirty si thirtieth siom r LY"

forty chil fortieth chilom

fifty penja fiftieth penjaom

sixty shmst .sixtieth shmstom

seventy mftad sevehtieth "wftadam

eighty mshtad eightieth mshtadom

ninety. nwrwMd ninetieth - nmwmdom
hundred aundredth smdom
stied
t

Note: The verb Ito be' has another form which takes Imes
U.
and-is usually used for future and subjunctive forms.

e.g. to be /budmn/

Present stem. bash LAte-

1 - Future I will be. me:bashum

We will be. me:ba8him

(familiar) You will be. mesbashi

You will be. me:bashin

92
 (he, she, it)
Will be. u me:bashm

They will be. una me:bashmn

2 - Subjunctive:

Be quiet! ararkbash .4.):111,1J-1

if I were.... wg99-bashum

may you live long. zenclea bashin

++++

1 Oi
 SPOKEN DARI

r-741-4, k)

Ldz,

. JOS at ®.

4.1)....itAt
rAf t.;

01`41 `1).)50; J

,01* ) )44 J

fon-Ow the example and TOAAJX) t?"5

complete these sentences. rZ5** L;st' *Z.) do

CA-413 J

4.

re;

,
1
tce
t>.1 J J 1:11

CAA "L;) 1:11

.10
 4 6-dio oq

1-1 r
cs,t,.jx:) ,J.25 J.) -151 4 cy4

d-S.ea Jo) 154e.r t 4-! 45

ik) f-6 JJ6 1.1-4- 04

C4.° S-1;) iu L. Ui JJ 45 cJI J 43e-kr 4-- 4. ute

-1-;) Ly s. Ls: -Av L'At

4 -1-;; Lsf.J-4ti4 " Ost

read this.
& 13-4- u b)-/IJI
 SPOKEN PAR!

CL)",'S `=-.?",9*

c*.:1114J

4
J,.

Ly41.:

N.lv J tANZAI

LYA Ajjb r-b

J L') LA.; U.; 1.7..)6....

complete the following sentences.

xSe., -1.%) IL: ts-.1

. . . 14.41 . -31.)mt

96
 SPOKEN DAR!

(S)1
.)-11Jf a .3-12'15-1" 4)6.- Ot5..)c

Jib -4' 3 -1 5 t,y4 t>e,jt

Cr-604 -c..) It4 1451 oflA

,64-,,5-1;) rse tib.ts°1.- J 4.6tra J-;) )1.1

4t
f> JI.t! C.N5Jt

4.6,r.$) tS e. LOA

.,,,,b5t; 4, r)-1%),1 chrix

5 4; lam, 4.7J.,.<1;

c) cActit.

( Li)

tti r-11;i4.P

-0 j-f 1.1-4- dle 11-1: NI J 414 Ur;

44. Le: ':-.)46

tra?"6": r-6- cr 4'"" Njb

1

QV; At r-rb Lr*ej ,6 Che5Jc

t.rk
13

q
At
 SPOKEN OAR I

Lesson , "VIII

to-buy, purchase khmridien

,present stem khEer

this morning emsob

day roz

today emrot

yesterday d rioz

the day before yesterday pmrlroz

tonight emshaw (emshmb)

last night dishmw (dishmb).

approximately, almost tagribeen

:tomorrow .fmrda

the day after tomorrow gess lkierrdi

week (h)mftall'

this week i. mftm

last week, mftm: guzmshtm

month mar(h)

university pomntun

year sal

this year emsal JLs

last year parsal %t-A
w ith WEeti

but iakei .

about concerning' rajebm

testexamination. erntehan, emteya.n

ti

God pilling ens,palah

the day after tomorrw degm amba

good luck Mowpaffthol bas hl iorte4.01.10

to besuccessfol, to succeed kameyab ShUdam

'arirayi

Addi lb:la:1 Vocabulary

.Consul a.15,01/

Consulate e /g0I1301gWX.11

Viia Alias/

Passport /Pasport/
+++

4.1-4.0 roc
.4400 45,4-4" `14k.$

47ve 1+10 r "ty

0)1 vtit to",

 4.

SPOKEN DARI
Aramaempeor......
,
Note: The prefix. (em r1 is usually attached o time words. e.g.

roz )"../ day 4

emrctz -Atel today

shau )7 night

eMahaw, "441 tonight

.Whenever tne letter noon dropped froM the infinitive,

-a s1416 past is fargled for the third person singular; all other

persons take the same endings,as we had previously- This applies

to all, 'simple and compound infinitives.. g

,simple to do' ka3da9n

(he, ahe, it) did kad.

I did ka3d cm
t

you did kEed e : n

compound: to speak gap zadan 7-T

(hei she, it) spoke gap zad

I spoke Tap zadom kg

si 4S i.J.tekt» 200,3 A'

tag trI fPao; cflJiab sa

SPOKEN DARI'

° itWA 4; 61 3.,."

r.""' "I'''..)1" 4-4"

-C1-461

Ji-f .4S ''..;5,1

'LS -3,1 45 iLle

Lc -11.x.re

102 If
SPOKEN DARI

LS ta3 ,Atif J

Ja.t.t Glib

Jr:

r J31 4.; u-f tc 4 )5).0

(:-"J" Ave -1

. tab

oI

cij.) .).,) PI -6

111
103
 SPOKEN DARI

F;.) 1

i -6)15 Jig-1_, )3,0 Y

MB,

r:4.) rj J1J't 4/". 16.

r:4) t- .3 4

r 4-1-;.)15 ele-D" -,

ile-'-' ...AI"' I .55 A

L: .ar
4'
t5 kr5 At=.w i,J4 t 3z

ui)e' 4-eT it-4 .);

 SPOKEN DARI

NI J-11 -I thuk; :4)o " 1

411

1:4't 1 J.N ele-rb 1-NA 91

ig" 1 J9e Eve-gb LdJL. )3ie

r.,-4(- rr te-

4 cf.kiv 45. )1

.riva r-;)( 01)1) Ls.r I

' -

Java 4.; , ts.pf

rr tAt4J (4l: 10'

113
 SPOKEN DARI

C.P1 31

rriv )
C

r .

1.1j6 45,e)-10,1s-)1
I

C.

C
SPOKEN DARI

r 10
fv-i-da

r.piva 4-I

JL 4-,

(..P.%4 4-1

115
 SI 5 Jeri- ;1 1 Y

16.x.5- )1-

-r-kt- ties) )1

.1

e;

?.5 Jfi J y or 'Vag,' 7-1i A

r J J 4)-id)5
 ii
SPOKEN DARI

Conversation between- two students.

tts )9Je -) u LI' Jet,A,:; 04-1)

r".;) J1. t 47:1-4- ale j 4. 04-1)

-.6 ) ty.)

rt
Aelf' Lsir. txz 4-t, Jew,:

c 0.4.)

r-7 ur L 1.4 LA,41-;

Lc t.jo-) )11-44f 4:1-41- 144P Jes...J.,;;

-4;t6*--; J? .Je-441 (J.J.;

tr tt LOY

'11 011:15:: aL2Z;

 SPOKEN DARI

answer these questions.

11 -5114 ,-4,1

).P.,. _;_ve 45' tz--aro

Lk, -I 41 t÷

0
tsJ1-0 J

Spa C1.40

J1,4tA. .9-42e A

? 14.; --3

44, J .J .1.44
 S?OKEN DARI
AININIMININPOWIMO110011.00, 1111.4

t Or";
A
416 41.0. tivi
4.6,0 a;., 4;16.04. A .

Jo& Ate die lug ai

.00a; J15 4 .*;

.. alt.44; ) 6:tioveib

64 .j.164:116.

c:
diele JC04.441 Jj.;

01:64;1140 Oa tUttt J:p1/4.,44;IL

oweit,1;-0,0.-011.0 dive,,:j114;

4414 .a;.)1644 .11 JAL

aivi`vir

tratiS6.0 41;titAgai

kjoix Jjleagbejli4;ii91111;iip4:

444 .4043.1644.144

,410;4:140:11/4*A-Pout4a 44,,JJ:60 4.)4 ) A

 SOME PASHTOW TERMS
Lvi,,../

Mr. sha hmlmi

Mrs. mirmmn

Miss. pigam

university pohmntoon

college pohmnzmi

school khowonzmi

-Great. Council loym jet*

4.7'1" Ae.ti

' National Council mili jezgaz

homeland , ,hewad

hospital rogZoon

pharmacy, a drugstore dmrtiltoon

exhibate nindart6c;n
1

welfare of file mmimstoon

.71reau sts Tourist gmrzmndoy

police sarmndoy

AP' . .

theatre, nindarey

:Red Crescent serMmeyasht

 k1 t
Af hard, a monetary unit

,erg
to :wed
mfghani'

ashpmz khanm

kar dashtmn
).)

how many, how much,: some,

a few chmn(d), chmnd (ta) -4.1-1w

refrigerator ymkhohal

girl friend reeficim

new lewd.

bathioom twshnab.

7 window kl1k n'

room otag.

that,which, since, who

in 'orderto kei
busy mwsruf
suff4 conveying the meaning'

'number

e.g._ how many (of)

;two (of)

three (of)

the number tone' does not take. this suffik.often'and.has

forM-. e.g.
 thousand ;mar

bedroom, sleeping room otage khm.

..livin room saloon
self khud

ex: 'myself Auden

r
itself, hims4ITTi-b.Pr,e117 khudesh

themselves khudeshein

congratulations tabrik

thank you (may you_live /On: ), zenda9 bashi

so s- not' bad (i.t:paSses) Migztenw:

Extra Vocabulary

WhAte House ,. msr-e-7s arfaid/

Presidential Palace. ./001marreyaszeie Jaimhoorl/ ,

ukoeht-

44;41) 4,101104

c....144.4
SPOKEN DAR1

t-: V"-, -,

ci tA; dle

kge ut-x;

-L.)-1 :01-1 diar tsi

iv- xi- 4:-. '*;13

a.;

.P.,* 3
 'e4
..,4;:° `1.--

vure10:7
\ %.-.:00?

.1 \ e.04..!

tf
1/4
0 11
164
suet
\..
-0°
V°4 tt'it )) 41.1.17

vl
.SPOKEN ARI
0.41.0%......
a.y
1-s e..

it-) X J.,4 EV-lb

(Ls )

dif-J-L;) uue.u,4 rJI

ce,c)t..6e, cs5 IAt

lh
ty,

(,)1.4c.s1).-at 51) f( ..)41 1164 LiS 1

-,"1"-51J.J° 4,44 LiS 1 Lyle

125
SPOKEN DARI

l;( 51,4A4 )
,;

JY`Nia CA; 05 c.g

r (Ate) tis

t.40-s. I.; Lt Lis

t.rtb.9-4 ) 404 e, I.A; 14. r-D

rita 1,;) 4.

It= a a j....; a. cd.,..(b 4.1;

(5) )15 Le-

riJ J15\ttli
. r, 1.1h

0,5

,fit, 4.

r_11.) Jr cij 45A...45J

 SPOKEN ,DARI
c

t.sir-cb 11

LiS -1

.rJ. r wl
r Ly`t5t),0 43=) ar6

rjej 6)3,a jejj 4 Lis

r -65 Lyio (.;4

-.)
NI JJ5
)1 JAS

127 119
 NIJ)60-11--

-,ZiL..1

. eJI.J 01 le--f 4;6- Ls t

4
 SPOKEN DARI

Ult jj,..C14 jiew.,,! 0

f41. .?"' J 4 -44-: 44

rshidu 4...k.v.04

C)=.:"1 j1144. Jle-""-e "

-131 I-4.16t" .),Je -, 40 I 1

.1;
t J."; J

CIA141 t ",1 L9114a. At-441 GL I do

-51 LiArcu ,1

;lot 141
C.,e 1-9314:1° L3-4.

r -, LA

I;
. .r$1.

129
 SIJIJJta. 0-4-Afo

Jo;

LC; ) 4t.);

4.0; Li I
Ji)jb i2."0 ittA

aj I

tuti- dle 5 5..4-3b1 s ele 1/21..) I: 1 I

1
C))15 J12``"11

toJIJ %T.

:13-41z; J 1.

7"-IS" J
 SPOKEN DARI

please - translate.

k$ Jfe./:%[X:77 45";,.

Ij taxi L;;1 r
Jai 6.eja .19je

owl LXJ "J 45 IJ'Jb Url 11" o

-1)-; $ > le..! h..: W v

31 Y

J° awl J,--4.) "1 5'1 C.) Id A

Affita 1

Oje. 4:J9S ti aS

CJIt*-1J., jt-uk1 °-3V -040 Jr I T

r4fAt oji-4,4 4-Caztilrfts r .

Ja1(0-35))6..j3 t!-Atii-tb 3 It
 SPOKEN DAM

deo Jsofa

ou1kbliv6sii Jii6va
//
'043er'/j1
e,

oba.:I.:41 J *WI

vAJP4avir...4 *PO iS4 JP

4.606%at
r77
,o'clock time. ,btejie

one o'clock yEek-baeljee-

exactly, exact, complete pure§ ,

Oast teyr shudea:

-past guzmehtm

remaining'? left, tired mandaj

minuute dmoliqte

party, invitation -deettamt

A
Party, feast, banquet memani

overseas, outside, abroad kharil

to give dadten

present stem to .1)

United States seyalateffluteehedse

vacation, holiday rUkhOti

to, come' ameadmn-

prpsent stem

engineering -enginesri: .

to study:. te?seel kdp

University atUdent Apaisel

 SPOKEN DAR'

Days of the week

Siurday - shribe) sharthe
y ywk shembe
,
Monday: uo shaarnb-:;

Tuesday see. shanbe

Veanesday Ohar shzernbe
TbUsday pej- shraitbe
.
Friday UMW

The' eve of Friday shave jum

1.).e. the night before Friday.
half neern

Iso ifte4_ 44

%.401.. oat 4
to* 3 4
ft.; .1

%IL 0.;
 SPOKEN DARI

Notes Whenever we add the present indicator 'me: u1.1 to the

simple past)1;re get a past progressive. e.g.

I went. rmftum .ezfr) I was going. mesrmftum tzlijsm,

.1 said. guftum I was saying. mesguftum

I worked. kar Ivodum I was workin,c kar me:kmdum
t J5eiv is

Now translate the following:

I was going home.

He was talking to him.

He was buying a car.

He was helping his father.

You were going to the embassy yesterday.

You were living inKabUl last year:

I saw kmrim who wa ;' r:Aking to his friend on the phone.

He was going to the hoSpital this morning.

'its
'ejhrjtel.i02i00344". 4* 4C4

.3.4. tiihrike irJa uf 46; t 403

JO If lift./ tJtg l tjJ4r. %At a d' 40, ,

.0 s I; 403
:>ti= +rlr-44r 4 Ww^e,60014/tA 450.1.,"4 ";'JP;)
 SPOKEN DARI

4:1

un-

'At

o le

136
 SPOKEN DARI

..11.4.01:
ate .3 1 at; J -r
r 4-7-4 J

411,' J.

dar;

ca, a J..tjrtr, ckkfts I Aka j

)1 at; J e J

Je-P 4.3 J 41-44 a

. Jez 4 I., J 44. .1 6 J)kt Loji;

. a ..L.4". _Ile; 0.1e .31 esiti

.1j; le, czy

I 6J

130
t39
 . SPOKEN DARI

TLed-2.--t

J.:. 1. AO

ete

T, J., 1 1

0-1J 0A-h'

kr. 1

SoJtJ c.yaJ 4.;

1 JA
cy; Lt.- rW It,. (=-,0 te-v

L.,-42.4.: c.r;

uit-a NJ1)-: 4,1

10
 SPOKEN PARI

1.

,..,44.Art "At _rt.

64. tz..to .1 3,..Z6 E 4.

o;Lt- '4.1 I.

oj I J J

. e, 1 C30 raej5.

i%)11.4 d J .-1

r arm d. 1.).0"..i. 4.14. dJ

 M)IOd$ IIIVU

se's nctPlr

1 A

"els 54-1 o r r

1.(1. 7-4-fc r -4-1:41

art e:\ ;71 ro -$1 o r /CT% r

me,. r y1
grctr r
Ix).=TT. riA wcfr PT; 4:4.0.7)
(
 SPOKEN DAR I

Toji t,..

ti 471 o )1 41"...si.P4 41)-1'11-)1

I °D u° ci*akav 1
vliat-f 4e), ts- 11

TO04+1-4 *, ..),J°

("41-1-4 :Aar

it)-4414 .:or

...)04.16L4t, J .me

tx&P-4 41
ot,
 4,jodPaSit 444

urti Lew/

VidP'4511 J.Ai

.
Pt) ki`"""J )3) -tb (SI --1 A

.
flu (-)cimg%:`) 4v -6.1; 1-f-13
 4k°

at)NY.)

"3 '4)
v.

try
j30 3
SPOKEN DARI

Ji- )1,,eli 6

Jig .1 6.0

crgest-ib 4,066 451

-4-tie-guz. 4,),:a-as5t t;.)-A)4

44.'15 J.ti. ckit 6.

..lm; Lei 5
5
co,k.66,

4.;
 is J

ail -0 0 .1 11
TOKEN DAR'

isferj 6 Aiji j to 44 411tv,

44:$111' &PC 44`

.41Jeaux.v414.1,,,6

1+6; ji apli.
.1.11610111111011111M11111MMINI1111i
SPOKEN DARI

c.a.& GILA olie

- AAA> 9..`"'"4(` 44'"-4)'4"'

.r
144!..tit LOA 4 063 iv
41446 1.0.0% 9 t14 r t 1.4$.; 41_6,z es

40.1441,-Z45 ti " 44 44.0..*:0) iF 1 is Jj . 43....f 44.4.&,,, tow) i4.f

,
4:400 4* AO 412,144*- Ot;C <A vas 4"64)1r*' J54/'
'^
J, ..d) 14" AV 5 0440 IV i#3.3 e'V 4:" 47,.>S"` Ar

c,v,4. fj IA44.1 1
4.,;,ttab' OW* ISft.t* .) T

u 1 -:)j f L X( 44;" 411 A. t 1;f.e1 .1"J -r

04.41,:iu14 '45 4644.1....-1,. 9 44.-.2 ti taw) 4c. E..d ,t.

401; 1142
15
J.
 SPOKEN DARI
Less9n XI

sleep khmw

to sleep, to go to sleep khmw shudmn

after bad M2

before . pishmz

a.;
hospital shmfakhanm

ministry wmzarmt

earlier wool[kh]tMr

every, each hmr;mx

twery day :mr roz.

every night mr shMw

every morning mr, sob

every week aft

a little, slightly, }tan kaan

little by little

newspaper' roznamm " 13.).9.)

to be interested dilchmspi dashtmn

152
1133
 SPOKEN DARI

piolitics, policy seyasmt

history tarikh

economic, economy eqtesad

to want, desire khastam

present stem khay

want. me:khayum
13-4. ) tie 6- u
people mmrdum
JJ.

sick, ill mmriz

Foreign Ministry, State Dept. wmzarmte kharejm

to translate tmrjumm kdn

suddenly, all of a'sudden daf tan

late [time] /na wmqt/ 'sjL'

144
153
 SPOKEN DARI

The Uses of Ke d.

This term has a variety of functions with different English Translations.

1. It is translated as 'that' in verbs such as 'He said that

'I think that', 'I know that....' .etc.

I know that you are from Kabul. )1 L,1

You said (that) "The book is very expensive".

cA,e;
coa
2. It introduces relative clauses and is translated 'who', 'which',
or 'that'.

The boy who went to Hagar yeSterday was my friend.

s. :)3)f 45 44-r-f

3. - It may mean 'in order to', !because' or 'for' when used after a verl

I went in order to to see him.

e4e-H 420 45 64)
Buy this car because it is inexpensive.

VAAJI Ji-! .4.51

4 1 am not going out because it is raining.
. d jtm6e t)1.)11 aS pg.46; aljel -
4. It may mean 'when' in some cases.

When I came they had gone. . r $15. ae

++++

.0.1 Quo; )1) ts. fel

. Apt cz.41 je .11 j

CA, 41;;Wm SS 45 J.A.

'f-rt J1e-46 AfrEalq Lt Lsju

. ,tJ Q.'S,. 601.:41

154

145
 SPOKEN DARI

5. mr--ke is translated -ever in phrases such

etc.: as whatever, whoever,

whatever, ar chizike:

whenever mr wmqteke:

whoever mr kmsikr,:

whatever day mr rozike:

whatever month mr mayike:

'whatever year mr saiike: aSd L.)),

UbJt4.4

414,-.0 trig; 4- 4114r.p&-1

rd4 04.1.4

4.1540, crl- 4JJ r

0.4.,6 rzig4,0Ji..4 distalr4

J1 gig 4$411,21.r4recolo.b ,4.005 41.2").ft

%J f. Crump) .10 4Zoll lij Lemt 44S..11

Zipfttj 6:a 10;iga 43 duti..tbS y

. ..;)Nor vt414.451 jar. 164.60 ejjti 45,63.14,46 A
totp.i.q1joi"acid .t.; .s Jut u.40.65 cl 1.41.44 )

146 155
 tb,
SPOKEN DARI.
011111111/11

r-ta j.)1g tr.)

Lt. 4C";

.4.1)jb

(4.)1. 1'a Jib '"

(4.0) IS j a.

J jab 46

I'
. a.

4:`f J. j .,'4Vjb 4.
ti

4t -.3)1e 31

J jib

NAta."2"". 41:b"t4"Ulle "'"'' Jib

Cd:..e."..4. 411.:.+, a J.)1.9 3-4.)-6 1-3

 istf5

'At"' 16-11

'"'"1:0" "At' I

.,

4g thui5 re.;

41

t-e " 71.315'

(ON', fie° J15 ti;) .19.4).k 0

re-1(..f e.:J3 _IA e.

rte' 4'1". )5)>-A"

. Ls la; r.:47,3 c.140).A1

1.1.5 a e;

csata)15 fie;

148 15;
 SPOKEN DAPJ

(JJ)eJ

ASItaJ 4"-) la L.J 1), J

4,..) iS taS e J 1,.>

4:45.e..) 1S a; lip.` e J t; Jss 1Y

ete d.t as is tL

t:etta $) J v"et
1 Y

r4e't CS. C.;;;J4jti" L.4.1/4V

le %VS J51

t-.40 "1 Jiet' tAte

(t.w" uf")"." J,' tJ 1:144-; Liu; 4 (.;;) J i Cr41fr,

r4) 4'61. 31 ) 1 CAtt

tJ J (00-41"?j, J 44 L)j 4"" " A

rJ i J uvs'4 J Jte'-e " d'e m.

\At
 SPOKEN
t.
D

tio".; t 4.se. J oub 4e 46

Li3 a tau b 414

r.)1-' Iseri ottit; 414 44.

ue...LrJ .1145 s4.,

dte\. fa. Jue.,;-1 at 41

Oub 4. t-0.) 31 1
c1-1.- -kr .91

4.0-4f-; et- r J." 31

r5tS ) 0.5 4lit Vier I bob !Le

e.,.1), 3

41 Ice j I J Lai; 1 a.,

NIP

15D
SPOKEN DARI

tow' J-t-At Le j

t'ivm Ja4 41

1 )1 .A.A.1

rAt'e u

( 76 d6leg o't

re LYS igt

NU-ea (C:I)31 coS die

$11..5 ue.c

6`Ita :""j" J;34 did

re 1;v.* :CS.) J t:SjAe...t5 J t.,c

dif t.rr re;

I' L.:-4.314)
 is.e-; et-i

`Te5 (LE-Z: Lz;

6-4±0. Q1191; 1.4.,A, 46w;

J4254 SIt'd J 05

&044ti 4Aftel )1 et-6 re-u.) ,

04, LA
T )1 JhAq 10..vt
-SPOKEN DARI

cht.r...4 J: to Iva t tt
r ) frAt, J 4. _45

- Jr jig,. 0.54 r.)-,

Lai -.I 5 Aec. fir;

Tr 1-.5 tynx- -acttv

_r4-% .0.4.: A.;

-3e-4) -*

V Lt.:1

. 4.31J . -aft;
 SPOKEN DARI

cx,-;54.-?..? s',
°-f 11-11-1

. .
ctle Lis

csil °Ali.

c.r. A-ANI Cir)* I r

^1.

jaMt#4
4j5! 45 )..U)- 1
4ut jte--q-1 LAJI

&4)1S 4; ti At d
(c.;' 4fr-;1.-% A
cii'Jlt'S

ej Lai I .1

( 0-1,h; -$4,1 kTvq.la Js. Jwt

154

I
SPOKEN DARI

;tat' ,,cttrz,
II

o4 re'.

JaPiA!+ 4.*70er N°'

oji jt.A. .JUJU.

-

-tit-, 4.44 .04-410' tzleiliogy

41: UV* JiA 0.01 4i0ket ZA, 4,4"1

. .; .134,A auk.'i;sg j

alits-t44:0100464 JLJ%
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson XII

how long, how much time chid wmqt

always mme: shm

111

'package, shu'., closed, hmstm

up to

to smoke segrit km-shidam

0.975 pounds [unit of weight] ittc.;

to quit, leave tmrk ddn lkdn] i."J 4:)

meter [a unit of measurement] meter

should, must bayae 4101

may, might, perhaps shayad

must, definitely tmmn

at work smrekar

until, to, in order to, ta

unless

to remain, put, place, manthm

stay

present stem man

ban f in imperative cases]

136
 SPOKEN DART

once, one time yx.k dmfm

a few time, everal times, chmnd dmfm s;

how many times?.

happy, glad khosh

unhappy, sad deg* t.3 J

,rte`}
on, in, by [colloq.]
)6

airplane tzJare

Grammar Note: Subjunctive

Subjunctive verb forms are made in Dariby changing the us of the

present verb forms to , as:

Subjunctive verb forms are required after certain verbs or particles

such as "10-4 or 4101 :

4. go home. 41; tius. I should go home. ri..1

He goes home. .0'41 4;6' 't He should go home. et.; i 4,1?

They go home. 4.:JX";ti- They should go. hor,K:.

4, L. 1.:11

Grammar Note: Imperative

.
The imperative is formed from the subLianctive for 'with the verb

endin dropped altogether:

buy that diccionary. ,

_PI...? 4kjle.:5

come here
A4
I 66 57
 SPOKEN DAM

go back
3)1 (-rig

do not cry
4e;
to eat e).-14."" , present stem J50. , imperative'

to go._ Cdai> present stem (3.0) , imperative ! grs

to drink 0.4(-21; , present stem , imperative!0:-)-Lc

to do u.6 , present stem , imperative !.1,5-,

'to have' has a special form in the subjunctive:

I should have. mm baymd dashtm bashum

He should have. u bAymd dashtm bashes

They should have. una bAymd dashtm bashmn

njorit 4414 1.0 Jg le Lt.

158
167
 SPOKEN DARI

Imperative

Imperative Positive Imperative Negative

go! ! don't

eat! don't eat!

come here! !
don't come here! ! Isej

tell! don't tell!

buy! don't buy!

read! don't read!

hit! don't hit! ! yr

give him! don't give him!

As you see in the above examples, we sim 14y get a negative imperative

by replacing to
U.

to quit [colloq.J, stop eyla kdn C.) -6 -nt+

metric system systom-e-metrik f--a--

to need zarurat dashtan

6&;-

I59
 SPOKEN DARI

I"' -1)15 -1 um) -.1

A411$ It.% IA. "dAjb

a-4. ist

("Se4-; g",t" C'ejb 4"

1....t.Sta )5,.. .1; Ci.).5) 31

cka) Lop

)3)

r"4" C";"" ( )3 " (J)3) 4" r

(;*-te" 4.01 4-'14"; J.) j (.5:4) 4"

ti,"2"le. 1..:J -a-; 41"

160 ri
 SPOKEN DARI

--k

cx-z.5o.' aS 6.1

A; aS 6.1

46. 41-At.

J;
1

ChtlAto j .) I 45 tize;

eye; -'6'vjo 4 &Alia c-* 39,6-".

Cme to
6 L.; WI .6 -L .-ajar

rz---4-3:-:e 45

. 4.5 L. 1/,1 d
Af ..lab aS .".1,j
.

J aS

41.1 &At.' at. cat

.5

?,;,rte 51
4-4-16 re;

r-
SPOKEN DAM

f-.6

0, ut . ILtee..

Lr1 Ae-"*" 31

A-4"1 r-6 tit;

I (..A.9-4-

I (It'ds )10-41

"J1 LP' )1e-4°-! at* r;

. ().4 31

rult-; LAY"- 31

,1
01 4 ti..)

.u- 4,16-)1

16a
 SPOKEN DARI

4.3

t.' ti.i.x
LiL. I 43 5.1

f:" (-AY` rzs..tt-;

0.,1 .91

-0-.; 5i45 -1
j).15 die I 1

NLIJIS. FIJC 444 NI JJ6 5-1e5

jJtr 5-1dg(st% r,1

. r.) 1 K.
116 3 1. )

- 154 ti gZ,"
ijJ6 1 Ist.

163
SPOKEN DARI

C) r>'" L:143 Le" "

T. (5),e. j 0.
4.1e.° J6J-*" 4:1433 4.*:"

J15.)- te 1;5

tr At L.: 1 r

t..rt 4-":""re -Of -4U

r.,:* J15,1A" et-" ...4e La

4,; J fir... CV' La

r.ri 4-; LI- At 1t

c.)1; LC

4.25

`01 ICti.(VS Act(

t:n ,v-5 tiS

1:31 r.)-i-f -0(
411 -Of
f.)V;; At tf

173
 SPOKEN DARI

(stAt-to 1 0

aJ 11

le.1.1. 1 a J j L.
J J L,

,
y

1,.:Lf 4I J LS,4 4AZ

C).-.3-t Lt.pe -04

4N.4.t4j.!" I J.0-6 4-,.*:.4 I I1A

4.5 W 4,4.40 1

65
SPOKEN DARI

Ltiere .0-4 u fc it, to b

Le.

t.Sx.

4.5
41-tze )1

Lvi. j

r.N4 J;94 "I Jlex-6 b

or ) lel 44 1

Al AS Is. b 1 1

4.1 lel '4

Ned, 4.7.S: 4 ,.$

,66
 SPOKEN DARI

e -.1.:103t,. -r- -
Ltt. LA. tte.X
.4
i .11.4

r.;

tsge, te 0:. .11

4-14""" At/ "id 1.--* r,. Llez

Kati
404

4,00ito 4-7-1,)-4 Qjt/arIL-1` 411Ptj

I -Is- L.; I. t. ttzcite 01 NOV A. CA:* r".*

1 76
167
 SPOKEN DART

f.Pf 1-i-c Je

* 415

41-4504 -Lai, ad*

rze.4.; astfr b
4.yi tr. L. 3

/..
y
) L Sa t tars algt5 Xi' t

r.0-Jc Ads t

k.r." i53,45 I

J tc

(4140)." airoz 4$j411 Uksbit

 Lesson XItI

to bring --awora*ii7

present stem

I bring.

cooked brown rice with carrots

and raisins.

cooked white rice chxlmw

cooked brown rice pxlmw

broiled meat kmbab

thing chit

eating, ediable khordxni

to like,
ar

Af han food Afghan dish r1.1ne

all, every

salad

milk shir ti

Jiez

drinkirq, drinkable noshidrni

still yet moor,

 SPOKEN OAR!
mom...siOVI64.4*

cook ashca:::

side dishes of
or Meat

meat ball koftze

(goshte) murgh

fried beryw:

beef gxw

lamb te gosflnd

,41
an 'order tr., fod) khorak

3otap shurw

an ofghan lish with notldles

and meat balls.

tasty tf-i,teft.t1 with flavor mxzae

a kind of pancake nt. (fed

with speclal le

170
 -Si /4)KEN- DART
+4,

Th-e print p rfcz 1 'fer to an act. in

through zhe prnt. :her it iink5 t.;p the past

th e. preent.

hav47: 7een that O. 4-44.4; .11

(t1 4-41-1
..:::2rked in this office for five years.

'on e to

C(!rtAln ati'.,erbo arc: coon1 1h prefsent p..,,rfect

udng fAloying.:

fi,o far, up to

alrady

6 .11 $4,4)

..feziapt )4. t, ,0
4,-..iate 0,1

$71
 SPOts.EN -DART
NI.MOSSIMIMMOMMII

note: The ending of a verb In zhe preaent perfect

tense always
receives a primary stress. The endings for :he simple past, on the other
hand axe unstressed. Study the following examples, cotIparing the simple

past and the present .;:erfect. 'km will not.: that except for the first

ptriaon 5Ingular and the third,;;, 4.:77son singular the only difference in

pron,mciat ion between the tenaes is the. ,tresri on the last

syllabie, and
etimea you wIll never 54..t.e a difference at all,

Si=ple ,past 4:P1.v/ perfect

tit.4,

khande;tt
Pe

'?thand:

.1.;

In

note that first peTNOF, inzular anf'l plural !,t1

t perfct e :'J(rl t The ;4:-.4-ove

p1;.3ce only In
spo?o:n

Past Jrfac
.s.).4 i--

L.:
 S.

,1

)
 SPOKEN DAitl

.4% 4.;".,IL 4.1 Lit 17,r5 C,

r..) ;j1

115

N1-'

t..ft 1 -1 t.4;.,-i-

tJ1a 4*4

*.)

Pr ui-3- aJ far

JJ1 4-11,"4" *-1 IA vii j s ,

4,, J tp 1
LOA

N' (.1 J

'""4`.. 41.) 4.3" 5

? 41.1)11"ita os:"

( NI< Nkf-f Lir

1 714
 SPOKEN DAL' ?,

ir Ligri 1".""/ t>04 iwy"

tlYi" ,Y4 ter

1. tf, 4 4,1,J -
)kr-f t).1

ulf
) t j-f )0, ely j
J

1
I7;
 SPOKEN DARI

t U.)1 ( did ) '4)0 A

AVIS

4.A,1
LS)- pL i!) 450-

ti) t Eor r J."

r)i '.$

f..)1 to% upl,

r ,ti..-.:

I '
to)0.).41

tJ )10. kA.,.1 f Jj. 0.4

!"1 r .11 -4.}' -"" t_,Y; t OP

' )1 -A'; *.fro LY )

, '1"4" t.),41- 4..01 Li'

N.%)1."43

24. LA....1 2 is 42i '

176
 SPOKEN DAR I

4j11.4-2p

%%No;

Lyle;

SJLJt 4,i.
u-J,1

(1.7.4 .;1144 1)-4/, 4411143.* 4,./1 44-0.V4 J:4'11 17-.1-49

156 77
 SPOK6V OAK I

4-.4j tc4

ji J 0.1 1.i. J) t

or; L's4i t; crtt

N 4.4):4 J 4. 014

Toji 01,1 01*

r ; .45 4..; tiS 4 04 ti

4.

L. *

or; 1,*, ot;

173
 SPOKEN DAR

41.4. --

OJ1

4..1) -
- 4,4

.)L. -A

'h -

79
15
 SPOKEN DARI

rtanalate the tollowine NA 4tenees.

4
1. WhAt vould yon like to drink;

2. Thit; uattr IA not JrinkAble.

3. Y4 ,, 1 itke Afghan food vety rtnch.

4, Have ever eaten Afghan :.,elani?

No, Bur I ha4c d k.vb,'3 ! t

"team, 'ring me an order of ;,Netv.zt-c!lx1a-,

Wileett do you have or drin',,Ang7

6, Ve h.!tvo tja, coffee and

What 0.1e Ale have tn

Do yon have frooh

11. No, unfort,mtately, owe don't heo..e to,Liv

12. Rail,: rhi food 1.1 v,o,ry ',AttrefuI

frenh

tJ

cameI .
.."*

6o. .1
 SPOKEN DAR I

I:1;6A ,105 ,rts C

.40 N,A4 0; 4.1t;b

# olv 4.1

rtraki$

tit

Pit "4 '1;

,.,..1114 .1 L.:.

Si
 .441f` 45-0,q. 4:11 .pt-z

44 .0 404AL.: .4 s-ii4trz

tk.4 410 or;

J"Jit ." iAtr Iftv

11,416.1 41.4 ;Opt

X4346 as

e r-c,444k, it.ra 4Z4,

40 344if

r.01,* Xtrit

"!y4A. 4101041k;

C- 4

ie2
9l
 SPOKEN DART

S ju

=3421.1 01' Ctpt-ik1,17

t *LilltIt4t1443t

tc.
ArPrgos1

ling-45 MCI, ram z-Alk ut.tsrkz

C*

g-tgbotz:-,-.:344,K logvri,
4/4.444i, sr.*, toot

/ ',01*.Pd tA;t4; t /

I 63
29i
 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson XIV

member ozw

to start, begin shuro kmdmn

security force chow -e mmnim

relations /
rmwabet
"114f 1.1.)

nation mellmt

.national melli

international bmynolmelmlli

to save pmsmndaz kd n

foot ' pie

department, section shobm

N to get, receive take gereftmn

N,
N
presentstem gir

political siyasi

-passport pasport

military officer saheb mmnsmb La

visa wizen'

i84
193
 SPOKEN Dil.1_

just; only faint

bank bank 41,

doctor daktmr j:SLI

economical eqtesadi

eye chishm

tooth dmndan -1;

affairs onur

stomach del

o.k., well khml

country mmmlmkmt

if mgmrr]

duty, job, task wmzifm

melmle mutmhed

jmdid

future, coming ayendm

185
 SPOKEN DART

..pronominal suffix.. -.object marker..

t....745

.044 4.),

or! °AI

or; 'to I

05- oj

-6o Iv J
.0 1

i.

186
 SPOKEN DARI

rib -))11-1-

0z.le..) is 14 at 1,..;« --1

"
e kl-44)

4:4J 15 (. 31

. At) ji), i J 4. --T

r-4^.) 15 .t,e-- 4J

4.1..a.At J

r4a)15 le 3 4:X9

-'1,1 . As) LroAtra La..11..ol J to

VI)* r4,..115 oilejlot,, .041

° 4". )6 urUJI0t,f j

444 Le." ri

jt5 Ly;+,. rj51

4140..)15 las I J 051

187
SPOKEN DAR1

44.1e..)15 dla

444 Co.) Lea It.t.A....4t -9

&Still 11.).10 o

II.Sw.* J.)

JJJ
. A4. JJJ r le

44.

88
197
SPOKEN DART

L.,- N J5 1

J Ajt

CI 04' e5)-4;

4.) Jel:t
 SPOKEN DAM

r-st).,-.1 J) Lt

5 r1.115 e_I

tiffi r4aJtr .)1/"L:1 t" 4+04,4 1 ..:

r.i.API, 1.0- . r.4.0,15 450 4.f."....t 0 J

. r4esj 5 0 J t./C.-0 I 04-01.-4

1.44)5 45,0 4J 4-1". Jt3;" J

1'4)6 tz-Jur- le-#"' 41-L-4 J

p......**) 44.A...t jo
.61( J

Li I L$ J LeC5 4J

f.,44)15 4"14, LtLItt )11 ..347.4e 4 J.

pr-C0) )1 J.: tyme 4.1.0....t 1 J uric 1.11 tt 4 J

il.:Sittp 5' a.") I>

11
ide...)6 tip.' o J ode.) 5 1.4 1 J

190 199
 SPOKEN D AR I

t 44e.ji5

"
yi2,0

.113%.:4 j34

I jiff ybk 11)6 t,:j.er

JI.0 6
.),÷; tit- )1 4..;w
Lr
-61 %J.) $6.t 5

X14. 3 -3.1-6
. oz5e &AS . 4-1e4-16
Ot'""'LL;
. jeSe, aS (lob%
 SPOKEN DAM
111111110010MMO1410111111011111,

C.,:- 1.)-4-1 c-- -at Lig )

(4.1 t.of 44;

r.pf 1)1:)., .rego!,,j;-tv` 461tj'-.)

4.1.-, 1.1,0")

Jtca-; Al A j

1..r44'-'31 4.5 _r tylf 444..s.)

(5.4* cj, k.Srlr ( ) 43)0

se

40.4
dsil
MG!

. II
 N3)10d1S.. a ii
WOMMINO.01001.1111110 MINIMMOIMIaNI*111M0011,010roa.

.7.41e." ify-0-4"1 rin

rot. 04

et r ifn:( tr
4
-":4"/
i r
rt- 7 r
re' 7.-1 17 lor

cr i r A

741-'40.
'FT 100 frori r #
C r on v r 1

ri r oro at --7 j.eS1 rz-4- Cro

rt tra G
#
t
* et I 4.: ape, .01 40401",z, C A

4 r Caripruirwle C I. 3
 L

4.1 to -1

Li !AI j

(AV
 SPOKEN DARI
WINIONIIMIIIMOM0011140.

Lesson XV

lady, wooan, Miss., Mrs. , wife kbanum

(term of respect), Sir, Ma'a, sahib, a veh

ot,Iner (as prefix)

to write nmweaht do

letter, line, handwriting, khrt-

land, ground, earth, floor zmmin elrier,1

how much cherim r.

how far cheqm dur
letter tap offi i 1 letter) mmittub

to send nrwan Rdn

post office postm khana!

ticket tiket

postage stamp tikete poste

left chap

right rast

ai de, dire= ion trrrf

neutral be t. rmf
 SPOKEN DART

cleTk kateb 15
aiT, weather mwa

air mail poste mwayi

regular mail poste adi'

register rags to

topic, matter mmwzo

interesting delchmSp_

.)1 cherake:

yes, [slang] zhn

ead,broken khzerab

both aardo
-1.t.6

rola' ro:1,-naelsh 013" '4.)

extra vocabulary ,

-
to send iferestadmni

present Stem /Serest/ %Zu.. j.t

si-APj Lazo. top. U.. 4;44 vabs,` 4:oir

 C.0

t64.641.-z 4-t

J4 3 .104

206
SPOKEN DARI

fc4 -12J- ete rAtiti )1 ,4 --r

r-34 akt r-tea ti )1 ),..w

rizA;Jsi rN-6

riti) .) c.r

r?takkt; Is- et-6 .7

dui. 'A...ea

.
\Jai. ti

jav; Jai,. 9 &A,.. ate.

fi 07.1)t; LSeer 1 31 45 -AA. c.:53

ti;l1 4z...33 att.

otaijt; lu; fjo ti. I S date,

.198
20
 4

6j)1
tf,;# to
SPOKEN DARI

rSe. Ja..

-A

4-013) )5.1

r-4-05.) ale 3t..1.;%

(t) .A.;

e
f4tc-tg.;

04-C) 13) ,04 I

cs 'era» d 13./1 4C.AvIe 4 J a) IA la.

1.4.0 1,At a J 411.6

4lta 13) ;Z4 di -"

SPOKEN DAR I

twelea 11.11.0

4jeSea 1"-1' (5.14

aza....t.tr 6., 1 I; 4,11.6 Jas.

1.4 c

4.;1441,6tIv

d 1 Ai Li-C-4 AN

. .

. Cridhelj., 1.1 le..tusf 4/.; Libklear..9v

rrIV

VA 413),°. do: igtowtiv

c!.

J Ve-4'4 !IA -1 T
At--f Ls 5-6
 SPOKEN DARI

aA. AL.

ts10.)--1-5. C.)

(44)1441.!. .k L daLib% LS 1 Ne.41 41.; daa4Alto 4,41/10

C.1162410 !V

-N-te 4 )-us v3 d

41.A ) V 4.;d.).0

*If vz.e.je-i. aSI.A..4,. i;,.::;;;; -.)1e-Aut'

(L? ) te,-; < 0 1A, cr

. J.) 47.5 Le" 44 ti." .)"4%4-4.5.1/4 4

Tts-ut: J,4

0.1.14,110s,1 L.9.1,2,..! L. Lrw,"

k-.! 4

4;;P

4,4 )41' %, -"

2_tr
 SPOKEN DARI

i:je 11

t A AA 1 y 1

JibitAl .6114-61 Jb416 41.9 "PIA

evil kr. 01-°,J-er

cra-AIL1 I

1.

6=ti.t? 4" c)2 =t

205
 SPOKEN DARI///

44,

t et teicA...4i..

&et,'

! :Ors rgiona.

(.0 jiifrot M.

IA)
1;!,t. 4,1 ) 04-"v C.) L oi ti. 1-11; )

21.
 SPOKEN DARI

(t)-6b ctivz
14111160.. .0111t 441 "Mb Ai MI.

. da.7,0441illf ve.it

-4.314/* )11.14

14Xija.rtouvitwilrifr44..:-."

11.19obtj. wik cr41,1 414

.,,..,301j,t4 load

4 44141 "4, 4101.* AVI".4 $1;11

44. Ji.:4/1444% 4J #4-:.it.:.,*

t..4,1J.f.b -0i44 4.4A4`.1,04.) fki4.44.0 J104

 Les on 16

to Irrigate abyari kdn 44,01egIT

irrigation abyari 4-0ej

to defend defa kdn _c).totti.)

Ambaasado smfir joi.6=

Deputy, Deputy h3.inistcr moyeen, mo'in

arricu zeremt 'tzdvi °,

commerce,. business* trade tujarmt

r^.

ustice mai, i:31

education. =ismer* mo'ref

Minister

internal, in*e.-ior. dakbelm

can to be able
_

present stet.) tan

President, Chairman.

rumaa
 SPOKEN DART

way hello =for. me

mz teilmfe mmsmlam Ua0

AA. Li.p.V.
Congratulations
cheshmet-rushan
ekot301 i.1
[this expression is used only to the
person whose immediate member of
hislamiliretUrning
4/ from a journey or after a long:abseiicej

to haiie an appointment, n promise

wady dshtn ..14;issy

Province
wejm] lnymt
=',E V3
.

pl wejmilayat

gentle, noble
shmxif

it up to you
marbut bm shumas

any:Problem, d fficulty
kudam mushkelate

field jof study] major reshtm

like
Meale manmnde

.public common

to answer, reply

extra vocabulary
to know, recognize
/shenakhtan/

present.stezn /shenas/

*10 J
 SPOKEN DARI

GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES

Ministry of Interior wazarmte dakhelm-

,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs wmzarmte omure kharejm

-7-Ministry 6ustice wmzarmte mdleym AdJ0'1=00.1.1

Ministry of Finance wmzarmte maleym

Ministry of Higher Education wazarmte

,
Ministry of Public Health wazarate sehmteimm

Ministry of Defense wmzarmte deft'

Ministry of. Agriculture wmzarmte zeraimt

Ministry of commerce w&zarmte tujarat

Ministry of Planning wfzarmte pelan.

Ministry of Communications wmaarmte mukhaberat

Ministry of Mines and

Industries wmzarmte muaden-o-smngyeh .

&L."° 3 t,:.) 1::111..)3

Ministry of Public Works umzarmte fawayede amra 4.k At

- Ministry of Education wmzarmte tmleem-o-

4NAlekii.T.5 Q1,16
tmrbey

211
 SPOKEN,.DARI .

Note - 'can' (../.3--:b can be used as subjunctive

41.

or without a subjunctive:

I can go. -me:tanum burum

I can go. rmftw me:tanum rjbeacji [more common].

414j6J j13)41 44 --Y

f-' beA:' 4:1°.)&18-r (4) "

I.:b..; 44.3. LO jig Jo ALIA 44.0

tetJbe6liclij 170.0iL. 4J )A61 Ar

.1..Abra..; ®C Lsi A.

r; he.; d A.a; cs I A.

rj bej Ls
212 221
 SPOKEN' DAR I

4C;) 4)1e.tez -r

(At.; 44.> Lo je -3. I

I 6)(51

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arc d- 41),64..) oils.

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Lesson 17
Ministry of Information
and Culture wmzirmte etleto km1tor

Ministry of Bord wmzarmte smrhmdat

Ministry of Water wazarate aab-o-bmrq

and Electric

to learn yad geriftam

varm, hot perm:

cold ward

P
soft rkr.rm
fr

humid mmrtub

humidity ruturt

moderate mo'tmdel

to precipitate baridmn

present stem bar 6.)tte

snow bzerf

rain Baran

man (one should) , admen

221k
 SPOKEN DAM
VIM1111~11111111111~011101~ 4111.111111.11.WImm,

.Spring bmhar

Summer tabestan

Fall, Autumn khmzan

Winter zemistan

much, a lot zeyad

temperature mrarmt

degree dmrmjm

climate ab-o-mwa

to differ, make.a.difference Lerq kdn

season -Leal

4,...,0.21
khushk

Extra vocabulary

prediction, forecast /PisTAYe/

cold front /jack hm-e-surd/

pressure /feshar/

wet /tmr/

high, loud

225
 SPOKEN DARI

NO16: The months of the year (Solar Calender)

L5'- a 1.
mmml 31 days \ Beginning .
SA' March 21

smwr II
JeJvi April 21

jmwza U' May 22

swraetan
C.PY June 22

mSaad
LS'1j
July 23

sombolm
Aug. 23

mizan 30' days Sept. 23

J46.0 Oct. 23

qmws Litti )1.1"; Nov. 23

*ddi cS ..3.3.
Dec. 22

dmlw Jan. 21

hoot 29 days (Leap year 30 days) "

"1"."" 45..JAPI Feb. 20

The Solar Calender is reckoned ;ram the time of Mohammad's flight

(hejrm ) from Mecca to Medina (622 A.D.).

220
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ter
SPOKEN DARI

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 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson 18.

sometime(s) bmzi wmaitlmwqat] 045.-^"t"--

old, aged: elao the-leader

a religious sect.

old (thillga) ko:nm

person

some one, anY one kmse.

perSon. shmkhs

personal, PrillAte ehmkhsi

to arrive rMseedmn
1
present sksm rmA

young jmwan

....years old . sale

one year cqd yank sale

up, above bala

down psyeen

to listen gosh kdn

to deers dadmn
tJ .)
 back, behind pusht

section. of town, quarter.- kartm

ouse mweli

all kul

,to sell forukhtien

present. stem, sale forush

for sale forushi

.1

Tittle; less

ago pe:sh

Note:

Attached questions with 'kh' :

. You are'nt busy now, are You? vs--.4t-;

.Youarenli,geing now, are you?

1, They went, didn't they?

 tAt.

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iF

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2.

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240
249
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2 243
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245
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246
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3 je t a.t j5.4 a JI _01 : As,
up aAu( 53 J1 ..1.1

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t ..L11,4; )4, At 10.0 0A IS Lt,

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 brl)16.111N

, 'Lesson 19

high, loud, tall bela3nc1'

population nufus

full pur

populated purnufus

as (work) bee hmise

to open was[baz]kdn

to let someone or ta ,kdn

(from a car' etc.)

to be loCated, happen) 'bodn/shdii/

white smfed

black seyah

The White Ho Use qmsre smfed

capital paitMkht

east

west gnmrb

hand det[e]st
Most (of) besyare

-a number of... yMktedade

farmer dehgan

when .wmkhteke.

way, route .ra. 1 5

to build, make, manufacture sakhtmn

Present item saz

, n. -tamer

to. like khushe kmse ammdMh

(to cone to someone's liking)

Ilike it. khushem

comes to ty.likihg)
in front of e:shruy

to get off ta'shudthst

you are joking? mmzaq me:kuni

Soviet Union etehade shormwi

President (of a Republic) rm'ise jmmhur -01-4'4.- V1/4.3)

to name nam geriftmn

249
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i,../.1r.ASIT I: 4,1 64,0 0;71,1 r

4)1 oz- otti 1a

 clothes kala 1.)

to wear, put on poshidin A-4N

t."11v

I feel like [my heart desires] Belem me:sha

without bedune

to hear shunidan

-ptesent stem shenaw

mine M2 mx

his, hers U.

whose zez ki

sweet shin .n

canny, cookie shirini

usually mmimulmn

generally %mown

261

SPOKEN DMA
 SINDKIN IDARI

I
to repair, fix tayar kdn

to wash shushtxn

present stem sho:y

to cook pukhtm kdn 0 -6

matches gogerd

to boil jo:sh ddn

place, location, space j.NY

0'

PNYsm

pocket je:yb

jacket, coat kurti

Here it is

[slang)

Take it begi [mm)

ash tray. segret dani

or

Ahakjatmr dani

26*
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I is the sign of an adverbial suffix, e.g.

The words that tile this adverbial sui:lx (et) are usually borrowed
Arabic terms.
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FNel t.r.; Pa 1

Lle.,; Cro

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 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson 22
ti

boas. amer

by, by means of, through/ tmwmsute

picnic me: lm 44.

government hukummt c44135.1.-

to forget fmramush kdn C.) -6 LAY I)

driver .motmr wan drewmr ..ve.) V3°

an auxiliary verb indicating, khat

future possibility. It is used either with a verb in the simple past or

the optative [the be form].

e.g. I may go. .khat burum

I may go. khat rmftum

. 41.
Here it is, take it' [colloq.] iynm mm

Governer wali

mayor sharwal J
to divide tmqsim kdn

to elect, choose entekhab kdn

election entekhabat
 SPOKEN DARI

during, at _the- time of dm wmcite J - c..436 J

to ask pursan kdn

14 -15c.)L.#1

to appear, look miloom[malum shdn

by foot
pyad

iced [cold] water mwe ymkh

bicycle repair shop dukane bAysikelsazi

to take [away], carry, win burdmn

present stem

mashghul

special- 'Mmkhsus

especially -ma khsusan

take place surmt gereftmn

center[al] markmz[i]

to change' tmbdil kdn

royal shayi

to announce, declare. e'lam[n] kdn

 SPOKEN DARI
411.01.110MNIINIMIIMM00

Additional Words
khadg
masses, people

hezb
party (political)

to take out of aezbminburdmm

existance
shora
council

engelab
revolution

tmht
undell

secretary monshi

4,
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c; t.-. U.; t

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eke

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 SPOKEN DARI

Hmidmr came. to Yosuf's house after he punctureerhiSADicycle's

tire.

t. 4.e.%

\45 5-C;C! fix' J

1: .";..)-t--4 -se"-

j'41'./.. 4V 6 5 .6 "4 (11c"e

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 SPOKEN DARI

Lesson 23

Islam, the Islamic religion eslam

AT-Moslem musulman-

until now ta ali

ring. mngushtmr

greens, vegetables tear karl. (5j15.);

superior, excellent, high

lobby, hall dale: z

, .

dark tarik

I wish kashki

.'neighbor mmsay0

'to look for palidmn

prese t stem pal

A Mosque mmsjed

worship ebadmt

a plade-of worship ebadmt ga [h]

 SPOKEN DARI

what kind ,
chi qesm

to lose gum kdn'

[in gambling and play] to lose bakh tmn

present stem baz

J L

distance faselm aLe %

need necessity ajmt

/.
;...-

there is no need for. thanks' ajmte.tmShmkur.ne:s

to live [colloq.] sit sheshtmh

$

present stem sheen

;
please, sit down! lutfan teshine:n
c
1,

/
recently, lately 7 di i away it

. - 05
-to fifid yaftim .
.
 SPOKEN DAM

1.1.A.Ameme

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(kJ 44 -PA) Am ubasi r.ro)

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LAU. I (per) 4,$) slat ;API AO'

t.

310
 SF KEN.

Lesson 24

mountain koh

mountainous kohestani

landlocked mmhat bmkhushkm

mountain- "ranges selselm koh .

part, section [h]esm

to be connected mutmsel bdn[shdn]

so, such in that manner mmChunaft C)1+674'

also

to have a. common border mmsmrhmd bdn t.J err -1,-).-r-a

wheat i gmndum r-c5

barley jmw

corn juwari
4

'cotton pmkhtm

to be considered counted bmshumar rmftmn

variety, kind nmwm

pl. mnwai

311
 SPOKENIDARI .

'Lesson. 24

fruits
me:wmjat

fkesh tam eV;

greens, vegetables smbzijat

, -natural resources mmnabe: tmbehe

,

gold. tela o alb

copper mis

coal zughal

...lapis lazuli lajuwmrd,

to produce tMwleed kdn,,

iron

in addition to, b sides law bran

sugar cane nmishmkmr

items mglam

to exist, be found .
ojud dashtion

neez
 SPOKEN. DART
am......wars

skin, hide I post

wool

caraqul: a kind ofsheep .

which.is raised in-

North Afghanistan .
'qmrmqul

grapes angur

raisin ,keshmish

Pistachio pestae

alMond badam
r
machinery mashin alat

fabrics; clothings tekm bab

fashionableitems .
mshyayiluks' crlicse-z I

petroleum petro:1

textile nmsaji

tools, goods, furniture, /

equipment, appliance saman

goat buz

horse msp

to make use of something,

use mz chizi estefadm. kdn .6e Jlic..14.9,e,..)1
 SPOKEN DAM

Nt.e.t.;

004:"L14166,

orCilm Limos 44.1b V.L.aw" 14.9

(Jo 46.4

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O'er frl I s 5116' I") I `47r -r1 e-
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ov'ry pig,- cfwv

nos.. 1 e .1 r-rr min

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511 r rvePc r str-rCe Pr-

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3 .41 J u.i)1-ji L.; 4.0

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 Lesson 25

strong c/2611- (AO

=steel

instead ewaz

if I were.... aga...bashum St
- te

habit, custom ad t;
_

to promise, givd a prOise ddnikdni V -6/ Ji..

although, despite the.fact that tiger che

or; gar ce gar che

.00

hospitable mehman nmwaz

hospitality ( \mehman.mawazi....

businessman tagi7r

_-
intelligent, clever, smart,-wise cshyar

food ghei

pleasure muserrat

great buzurg

reason, cause
 SPOKEN DARI

to come [polite] shrif awordmn

to go [polite] tmshrif burdmn

to disturb, bother muzahim shdn

with ba

Middle _East shmrqe meyanm

one of.. yaki mz

:Tear East shmqe nezdik

Far East shmrqe dur

war, fighting jmng

peace , sugal

writer .nmwisendm

pl. nmwisendmgan

to lie durugh guftmn

a' liar durugh go:y

to watch smorlkdn

330 321
 SPOKEN DAM

Lie

Li" .01

Are

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J.,-fr".4 ( Jle*"`1)

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 SPOKEN. DAM

Lesson 26

salmn

kids children mwlada

life time omr

like this, th'.s way such a .. ito [intowr]

[God has"-been good to you] nameichuda

news, conditions mhwal

any news from home? am khanm mhwal darin Tem

from all sides [directions] mz atm tmrmf

1:
I hope you like it. amid me bm pismnd shema wage shmwa
deltIcA; 4,0 6,4 60.5 Lel A. I
to-take trouble zmhmmt kmshidmn -

to be full sir shdn [kdn]

to love dost dashtmn

still, again baz hmm

lucky taleh mmnd \dar] .3.1tJ11-

relative[s] khesha

330
.
: ..
indeed, actually mgigmtmn

sugar shmkmr < 111.41.4

...had a good time khush guzmsht

but, however

daddy agha[jan]

spoon gashug

fork pmnjm

all of... h[m]mmgi

no, no sirre ne:baba

melon
 SPOKEN DARI

l';"fte-e

_Paid and his family have been invited to Shukur's house for dinner.

1"4:tt c;"1.194 4J35-Z r-Cle-i tom-

,1 . . . 6:43..4.. c, S L.: (1.4

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Lesson.27

;car, automobile, limousine tezrwftar

Governor's office nayibulhokumwgi

Private Secretariat,- cfmLmme mwkhsus

to be received pmzirayi shdn

Excellency' jw1aLmtmahabi
Lye a,
please come in bufwrmayeen

to waitfor some one entezare kwsi rm dashtmn

or ...1

[bm]entezare kwse budan

- ur4"5.11-61; 141

your Excellency (Governor). wale saheb

to permit, allow ejazw ddn

to introduce mmrefi kdn c) -15L4J-su,

embassy official mamure,swfarwt

very much, too-much, extremely nehaymt

in all respects wzim [h]mlys

on the whole, in general .royehwm ftm

3 53
opinion, view, suggestion nmzs-reym

satisfactory genaitbmkhsh

information, knowledge malumat

to mention, to submit a petition [h]mrz kdn o

bind

garden bagh

valley wady

flourishing, green sir smbz

likewise mmahan -
useful, profitable mufeed

to be useful [to show its,:21f mufeed sabet Shudmn,

profitable]

V
effort, hard work zit kmshi

surface, level smtm[h]e

to cooperate mmkari[kdn]
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to assure etminan ddn

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unforgetab e fmramush nashudani

good will busne neymt

'heart gmlb

acknowledgment, thanks tenan

to, present, submit tagdim kdn LI) -ere -Az

whether [conj. some times] aya, ya

needs ehteyajat

immediate fmWri

rank, degree, time mmrtMbm

pl. mmrateb

to withhold, refuse dere:gh

tft.)

to be grateful mammunshdn /ban . o C.;.szAa.

such- as ebarmt mmd mz

drinking water aabe ashamidmni

safe, guarded mmhfuz

prepare, arrangement tmheym

 inhabitants; people mhali

asphalting, paving qir rizi

LS.)e..kAri

jades

to confirm kdn

' any kind of -mich guru

to depart, leave hmrmkmticdn

if it be the will of God aagae xaste xuda bastuvel-434 (4:.41>

e

to be honored muserraef shdn

friends dosta4

for the time being fe'lam

sincere saamimi

to accompany -hmmrayi kdn 4:)-6o-ct!ra*

. .

effort 11+7iiay 4.

first of all 'mwmltmi Az mmm

or

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358 367
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Lesson 28

fx.rhx.,ng

n...;t1 AL:11z

ti

g&sbtandali

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......110.01.001110110111.

condition, mank -:artzlyzet

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to

pr-nt

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to 11 ,,,471

!1,,!.4 or oat.....21,1SLIffize: or not,

,:p-t-cizt!ly for c,J:rrylr.g *,..red;

yf'_s

f7,17ete.Y.,

363
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train

northern

tryst
a
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trustortny e'temadi

to '4kiep look kdn

Ig,tle brother fdim nutive noun] bradattk

tiny, small., little fiZat

to forget

to bik caysltive) -e.,..41e4r:,3tandari

C.

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364
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YegypONIII107

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Lesnon 29

happy, content khushal J

sleepy kh.vw alOUd

nervous, mad a.s&bani

orphan y&team

wtdow be

gambler qemarbaz

educated Up'leem yafta!

teaser, funny, naughty shokh

mischievous,

wealthy

clever, fast chalak

fast, sharp te:z

big spender kha!raj

jam' kdn c)
to collect, save, acid

to care [colloq.] ray zdn Ls)

najor
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to hurt [colloq.] xwgar kdn

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to annoy J

tO 1:e (rloucln

rott.f.n 4

ch.Arit

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to throw

J,%nda..4 / -

to be late de:r

I think [into my Ima7;inationj bL1-:

pillow balesht

absolutely mutlagam

to-overturn, spill chx.p J:? kdn

bowl, pot kasm

to lean t;:tkeym kdn

heavy [colloq.] germng

384 393
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waiter peshkhedmat

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health smlammti

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complete kamel

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