EXP:04 Name : Ashutosh Maurya

Reg.no. 15BCL0166

OBSERVATIONS AND TABULATION

Table 1 Results of Gear pump

S. Pressure Vacuu Total Time Discha Tim Input Outpu Effici-

No gauge m Head for “h” -rge e for t ency
reading gauge (H) rise (Q) “Nr” powe
reading r power  (%)
kg/cm2 m Sec m3/sec sec
mm-Hg (10-4) kW kW

1 1 520 20.972 15.11 4.136 31.4 0.716 0.069 9.74

2

2 2 460 32.16 11.22 5.57 26.0 0.865 0.107 14.41

1

3 3 440 44.024 9.67 6.46 22.3 1.00 0.228 22.8

7

4 4 370 55.052 9.52 6.56 19.8 1.133 0.29 25.64

5

5 5 310 66.246 8.91 7.01 17.9 1.25 0.37 29.6

5

Dimensions of the collecting tank = 625 cm x cm

Distance between the gauges = 15 cm

Energy meter constant = 1600 rev/kWh or Impulse per kWh

1
Exp.No : 4

CHARACTERISTIC TEST ON GEAR PUMP

AIM

To determine the characteristics of a gear pump and to draw the characteristic

curves.

BASIC CONCEPT

The Gear pump is positive displacement pump consisting of a pair of helical or spur
gears , housed closely in a casing. Both the gears are in mesh. One of the gear is lifted with
external shaft, which ids driven by ac motor. Gear pump consists of pump casing shield,
stuffing box gland, driving and driven shafts and double helical gear wheels in mesh are
mounted on shafts, which lock during rotation in the suction chamber. The liquid between
the pump casing and the space between the teeth is transformed to the delivery chamber.
The driving shaft may be rotated in both directions. A relief valve is provided in the pump to
control the maximum pressure. The gear pump is used to create a pressure head in oil
,required for lifting transmitting and displacing oil from on place to another place.

The pump is coupled to Induction A.C motor and switch and starter are provided. The
pump sucks oil from a reservoir and delivers to collecting tank, which has a over flow
arrangement. The collected oil can be directly flown in the reservoir. Thus the oil is re-
circulated.

The following formulae are employed.

i) Actual discharge ( Qact ) = (Ah/t) ( m3/s)

A= cross sectional area of collecting tank (m2)

h = Rise of oil level in the collecting tank. (m)
t= Time taken for rise of oil level “H” in the collecting tank. (sec)

ii)Total head ( H) = Hs + Hd + (Vd2 -Vs2) / 2g + X

Hs = Suction head in meters of oil =(Vacuum gauge reading ) x 13.6 /(1000 x 0.82)( m)

Hd =Delivery head in meters of oil =( Pressure gauge reading in Kg/ cm2) x 10 / 0.82( m)

X = Distance between pressure gauge and vacuum gauge ( m)

Vd = Velocity of oil in delivery pipe ( m/s)

Vs = Velocity of oil in suction pipe ( m/s)

2
MODEL CALCULATION

1. Pressure gauge reading = 1 kg/cm2

HS=520*13.6/(1000*.82)=8.672m
Hd=1*10/.82=12.195m
1. Q=(0.0625*0.1)/15.11 =4.136*10-4m3/s
2. H=8.672+12.195+0.15=20.972m
3. Input power=(3600*10)/(1600*31.42)=0.716kN
4. Output power= (8044.2/1000) *4.136*10-4 *20.972=0.069kN
5. Efficiency=0.071/0.0644= 9.74%

2. Pressure gauge reading = 2 kg/cm2

HS=460*13.6/(1000*.82)=7.63m
Hd=2*10/.82=24.39m
1. Q=(0.0625*0.1)/11.22 =5.57*10-4m3/s
2. H=7.63+24.39+0.15=32.15m
3. Input power=(3600*10)/(1600*26.01)=0.865kN
4. Output power= (8044.2/1000)*5.57*10-4 *32.15=0.107kN
5. Efficiency=0.107/0.865=14.41 %

3. Pressure gauge reading = 3kg/cm2

HS=440*13.6/(1000*.82)=7.30m
Hd=3*10/.82=36.585m
1. Q=(0.0625*0.1)/9.67 =6.46*10-4m3/s
2. H=7.30+36.585+0.15=44.024m
3. Input power=(3600*10)/(1600*22.37)=1.00kN
4. Output power= (8044.2/1000)*6.46*10-4 *44.024=0.228kN
5. Efficiency=0.228/1= 22.8%

4. Pressure gauge reading = 4kg/cm2

HS=370*13.6/(1000*.82)=6.142m
Hd=4*10/.82=48.78m
1. Q=(0.0625*0.1)/9.52 =6.56*10-4m3/s
2. H=6.142+48.78+0.15=55.052m
3. Input power=(3600*10)/(1600*19.85)=1.133kN
4. Output power= (8044.2/1000)*6.56*10-4 *55.052=0.29kN
5. Efficiency=0.29/1.133= 25.64%

5. Pressure gauge reading = 5kg/cm2

HS=310*13.6/(1000*.82)=5.146m
Hd=5*10/.82=60.975m
1. Q=(0.0625*0.1)/8.91 =7.01*10-4m3/s
2. H=5.146+60.975+0.15=66.246m
3. Input power=(3600*10)/(1600*17.95)=1.25kN
4. Output power= (8044.2/1000)*7.01*10-4 *66.246=0.37kN
5. Efficiency=0.37/1.25= 29.6%

3
iii) Input to the motor = (3600 x Nr ) / (Ne x T )

Ne = Energy meter constant in revolutions per kWh or Impulse per kWh

Nr = Number of revolution of the Energy meter disc

T = Time in revolutions

iv) Output of the pump (P0) =  Q H/1000 (kW)

 = Specific weight of oil (N /m3)

Q = Actual discharge of the pump (m3 / s)

H = Total head (m)

v) Percentage efficiency of the pump ( ) = (P0/Pi) x 100

APPARATUS

 Gear pump

 Stop watch

 Meter scale

GRAPH

The following graphs are drawn taking H on X-axis

1. Input power vs Head

2. Efficiency vs Head

4
RESULT

The characteristics of the given Gear pump are determined and the Characteristics
curves are drawn.

5
 CHARACTERISTICS TEST OF A RECIPROCATING PUMP

Name : Ashutosh Maurya

Reg.no. 15BCL0166

EXP : 4

AIM

To determine the characteristics of the reciprocating pump.

BASIC CONCEPT

The reciprocating pump is a positive displacement type consisting of a piston

or a plunger is reciprocating inside a cylinder. The cylinder has got two valves, one
valve allows water into the cylinder from suction pipe while the other allows water in
to the cylinder from suction pipe the other allows water from the cylinder to the delivery
pipe. It has the following specifications.

(a) Type : Single acting single cylinder

(b) Piston stroke : 1 3/4’’

(c) Piston diameter : 1 ½’’

(d) Suction pipe diameter : 1’’

(e) Delivery pipe diameter : 3/ ’’

4

(f) The pump is belt driven by AC motor. The pump can be run at four different
speeds by the use of V-belt and differential pulley system. The belt can be put
in different grooves of the pulleys for different speeds quickly by loosing the
belt. Special arrangement is provided for quick alteration of speed.

The following formulae are employed.

Theoretical discharge ( Q t ) = (2  x d2 x L x N) / (4 x 60 ) ( m3/s)

d = Diameter of the piston.

L = Length of the stroke
N = RPM of the pump.

i) Actual discharge ( Qa ) = (Ah) / t

A = cross sectional area of collecting tank

h = Rise of water level in the collecting tank.
t = Time taken for rise of water level “H” in the collecting tank. (sec)

ii) Slip = [(Q t – Q a )x 100] / Qt

iii) Input to the motor = (3600 x10 ) / (N x T ) (KW)
N = Energy meter constant

T= Time for 10 revolutions

(sec)

iv)Total head (H) = G x 10 + V x 13.6 / 1000 + ( Vd2 – Vs2) / 2g + X (m)

G = Pressure gauge reading

(kg/cm2)

V-= Vacuum gauge reading

(mm-Hg)

Vd = Velocity of flow in the delivery pipe

(m/sec)

Vs = Velocity of flow in the suction pipe

(m/sec)

X = Vertical distance between the gauges (m)

v) Output Power =  QaH/1000

(kW)

Qa = Actual Discharge
m3/sec

 = unit weight of water

(N/m3)

H = Total head (m)

vi) Efficiency of the pump = ( out put / input ) X 100

APPARATUS

 Reciprocating pump

 Stop watch

 Tachometer

 Meter scale
 OBSERVATION&TABULATIONS
Table. 1, Results of Reciprocating pump

S. Pressure Vacuum Total Time for Discha Time Input Output Efficie %
No gauge gauge Head “h” rise -rge for “Nr” power ncy Slip
reading reading (H) (Qa) power ()
Sec sec kW
kg/cm2 mm-Hg (m) m3/sec kW %

x 10-4

1 0.5 370 10.562 18.28 4.85 22.5 0.5 0.05 10.05 2.8

2 1 360 14.9 18.31 4.84 21.1 0.53 0.07 13.2 3.0

3 1.5 350 19.76 18.42 4.82 20.5 0.54 0.09 17.2 3.4

4 2 340 24.6 18.58 4.77 19.1 0.59 0.115 19.16 4.4

5 2.5 330 29.48 18.89 4.69 18 0.625 0.135 21.6 6.0

Dimensions of the collecting tank = 0.0888743 mxm

Distance between the gauges = 0.53 m

Energy meter constant = 3200 rev/kWh or Impulse per kWh

Speed of the Pump = 265 rpm

MODEL CALCULATION

i) Actual discharge ( Qa ) = (Ah) / t

= (0.088743 x 0.1) / 18.28

= 4.85 x 10-4 m3/sec

ii) Slip = [(Q t – Q a )x 100] / Qt

= [(4.99 – 4.85) x 10-4 x 100] / 4.99 x 10-4

= 2.8 %
iii) Input to the motor = (3600 x10 ) / (N x T )
= (3600 x 10) / (3200 x 22.5)

= 0.5 kW

iv)Total head (H) = G x 10 + V x 13.6 / 1000 + ( Vd2 – Vs2) / 2g + X

= (0.5 x 10) + [(370 x 13.6) / 1000]

= 10.562 m

v) Output Power =  QaH/1000

= (9810 x 4.85 x 10-4 x 10.562) / 1000

= 0.05 kW

vi) Efficiency of the pump = ( out put / input ) X 100

= (0.05 / 0.5) x 100

= 10.05 %

GRAPHS

The following graphs are drawn taking H on X axis

i. Efficiency vs Head

ii. Input Power vs Head

iii. % Slip vs Head

 Efficiency vs Head
25

20

15
Efficiency

10 Efficiency vs Head

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Head

Input Power vs Head

0.7

0.6

0.5
Input Power

0.4

0.3 Input Power vs Head

0.2

0.1

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Head
 % Slip vs Head
7

4
% Slip

3
% Slip vs Head
2

0
0 10 20 30 40
Head

RESULT

The characteristics of the given reciprocating pump are determined & the curves are
drawn