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Introduction
Since 2000, the IDF Diabetes Atlas has detailed worldwide, and validated by a scientific
the extent of diabetes and this seventh edition committee with experts from all over the world.
shows how it is impacting every country, every Such is the importance of the data, that a new
age group and every economy across the world. chapter has been created, which explains in
detail the methodology used to generate the
Notably, healthcare costs continue to increase 2015 IDF Diabetes Atlas figures. Furthermore,
with 12% of global health expenditure uncertainty intervals have been produced that
dedicated to diabetes treatment and related provide a plausible range within which the true
complications that account for the majority of diabetes prevalence can be expected to lie.
the total expenditure. Increases in future health
expenditure will be driven by the population There may be some discrepancies between
growth expected in low- and middle- income estimates in the IDF Diabetes Atlas and other
countries, as well as increasing urbanisation and reported national estimates. This may be due to
lifestyle changes. a difference in sampling methods or populations.
The IDF Diabetes Atlas 2015 uses age-stratified
There are some changes to be found in the data and a consistent methodology to estimate
figures reported in this latest edition. In 2013, the diabetes prevalence in adults aged 20-79
the IDF Diabetes Atlas produced estimates of years, across 220 countries and territories. As 11
high blood glucose in pregnancy for the first a result, other national estimates may report a
time, estimating that 21.4 million live births were higher number of diabetes cases.
affected. With adjustments in data calculation,
this has decreased slightly in 2015, to 20.9 While much research has been done, further
million, which still accounts for a staggering one studies are required to provide a more accurate
in 7 births. picture of the prevalence of diabetes. Half of
all countries and territories worldwide have no
Certain sectors of the population, such as recent nationwide studies, and their estimates
indigenous peoples, often have higher prevalence are based on extrapolations from other similar
rates than the surrounding population. This is countries. In the Africa Region, over three-
particularly evident for gestational diabetes, with quarters of all countries and territories lack
some indigenous women having at least two-fold primary data on the diabetes prevalence in
higher rates of gestational diabetes compared to adults.
non-indigenous women.
Tackling this global epidemic is a monumental
We also witness the worrying growth of type task and the International Diabetes Federation
1 diabetes in children. The trend toward (IDF) continues to act as an advocate for people
more children developing type 1 diabetes has with diabetes by educating both individuals and
continued and now in 2015, more than half a governments on the steps that can be taken
million children are estimated to be living with for prevention and management of the disease.
type 1 diabetes. Further research will serve as a catalyst for
These estimates and the countless others governments and organisations to act with
published in the IDF Diabetes Atlas have been more haste and greater effectiveness to put in
produced through extensive modelling based on place early interventions, improved screening
raw data from sources and surveys conducted and timely management to reduce the impact of
diabetes on the individual and society.
Introduction
Diabetes: A global emergency
South East
Asia
2015 78.3 million
South and Africa 2040 140.2 million
Central America
2015 14.2 million
2015 29.6 million
2040 34.2 million
2040 48.8 million 13
World
2015 415 million
2040 642 million
Executive summary
Diabetes around the world
Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of Furthermore, one in 15 adults is estimated to
diabetes and has increased alongside cultural have impaired glucose tolerance, and one in
and societal changes. In high-income countries seven births is affected by gestational diabetes.
up to 91% of adults with the disease have type Both of these conditions are associated with an
2 diabetes1-4. It is estimated by IDF that 193 increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in
million people with diabetes are undiagnosed later life.
2015
14
2040
Executive summary
Diabetes in children Children with diabetes
Whilst type 1 diabetes is less common, it is still Top 10 countries for number of
increasing by around 3% every year, particularly children with type 1 diabetes (0-14 years)
among children. Around 86,000 children develop
type 1 diabetes each year and when insulin is not 1 United States of America 84,100
available, the life expectancy for a child with type 2 India70,200
1 diabetes is very short. The IDF Life For A Child
3 Brazil30,900
programme supplies insulin to 17,000 children in
46 countries. 4 China30,500
children 8
9
Germany15,800
Nigeria14,400
half a
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
16 million for
the first time
0 0
2015 2040 2015 2040
Top ten countries/territories for number of Top ten countries/territories for diabetes-
adults with diabetes related health expenditure (R=2*)
320 billion
1 China 109.6 million 1 United Stated of America 320 billion
51 billion
2 India 69.2 million 2 China 90 billion
35 billion
3 United States of America 29.3 million 3 Germany 33 billion
29 billion
4 Brazil 14.3 million 4 Japan 28 billion
22 billion
5 Russian Federation 12.1 million 5 Brazil 29 billion
19 billion
6 Mexico 11.5 million 6 France 17 billion
17 billion
7 Indonesia 10.0 million 7 Canada 14 billion
14 billion
8 Egypt 7.8 million 8 Russian Federation 23 billion
13 billion
9 Japan 7.2 million 9 United Kingdom 12 billion
12 billion
10 Bangladesh 7.1 million 10 Italy 12 billion
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
2015 USD 2015 International Dollars * See Glossary
Executive summary
18
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Halting the rise in diabetes
Greater education is needed to improve the diabetes and other non-communicable diseases
diagnosis and management of all types of which presented an obstacle to establishing
diabetes and to embed lifestyle changes that resources and political focus to tackle diabetes.
will slow the rise in type 2 diabetes. While
educational programmes can help improve the During the 2015 G7 Summit, IDF launched a
management of people with diabetes, public call to action for all G7 nations to develop and
health education is needed at the population level implement cost-effective policies to improve the
to encourage behaviour change to prevent type 2 health outcomes for people with diabetes and to
diabetes. prevent new cases.
Early diagnosis can prevent or delay the long- In 2015, IDF published its Framework for Action
term health complications of people who are on Sugar, which recognises the important role
undiagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Progress that excess sugar consumption has in increasing
has been made in introducing screening the risk of type 2 diabetes, and presents a
programmes, and diabetes risk scores have now series of policy initiatives aimed at reducing
been tested in 32 countries around the world. consumption of sugar and increasing production
and availability of more healthy foods.
IDF’s call for action As part of IDF’s work with The European
Connected Health Alliance to create a global
IDF’s mission is to promote diabetes care,
network of Diabetes Aware Cities, IDF piloted 19
prevention and a cure worldwide and it
the Diabetes Prevention Score in 2015. This
takes a leading role in influencing policy,
will enable cities globally to assess how their
increasing public awareness and encouraging
urban environments can be improved to support
improvements in health.
prevention of type 2 diabetes in communities.
Notably in 2015, the United Nations Member
By continuing to increase awareness of diabetes
States adopted the Sustainable Development
and promote care and prevention, IDF hopes
Goals which included targets on non-
that today’s estimates for 2040 will be purely
communicable diseases. The previous
hypothetical.
Millennium Development Goals had omitted
Executive summary