SEMESTER IV

PATHOLOGY AND MICRO BIOLOGY

L T P C
3 0 0 3
AIM
Introducing the fundamentals of pathology and microbiology through the study of cell structure,
inflammation tumors, different disease diagnosis, microscopy, characterisation of micro
organism, diseases caused by them and their control.

OBJECTIVE
 To study the normal cell structure, cell degeneration, regeneration and neoplasia.
 To study different Haemodynamic disorders
 To study about the characteristics of micro organism.
 To study about genetic disorders due to bacteria, fungi, viruses and their control.
 To study various tissue processing and different staining techniques.

UNIT I: NORMAL CELL STRUCTURE 9

Cell Degeneration and regeneration-Inflammations , Pathologic Processes that occur in human
body, Apoptosis, Degeneration, Hypertrophy, Neoplasia, Difference between benign and
malignant tumors - Etiology of tumors - Spread of Tumors.

UNIT II: FLUID AND HEAMODYNAMIC DERANGEMENTS 9

Edema, normal Hemostasis, thrombosis, Hemorrhage – Thrombus – Embolism – Disseminated
intra vascular Coagulation – Hematological disorders-Bleeding Disorders – Leukemia –
lymphoma.

UNIT III: STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA & VIRUS 9

General Structural Organisation of bacterial and viral cell- growth and identification of bacteria,
observation of culture. Microscopy - Light microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase contrast
microscopy fluorescence and electron microscopy.

UNIT IV: GENETIC DISORDERS AND IMMUNITY 9

Autosomal and sex linked disorders- Storage disorders -Types of hypersensitivity reactions -
Immune deficiency syndrome - Primary-HIV- Autoimmune diseases - SCID, SLE, Rheumatoid
arthritis

UNIT V: STAINING TECHNIQUES 9

Identification of disease producing organisms, simple stain, Gram stain, AFB stain, Fluorescent
techniques, antigen-antibody techniques.
TOTAL HOURS: 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Robbins S.L & Ramzi S.C, “Pathologic Basis of Diseases’, W.B. Saunders Co. 1999
2. Anatha Narayanan.R & Jayaram Panicker C.R, ‘Text Book of Microbiology, Orient
Laongman’1998.