Kurdistan Region Government - Iraq

Ministry Of Higher Education &

Scientific Research
DuhokPolytechnicUniversity

TechnicalEngineeringCollege
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering Department

Heat Transfer lab

Types of heat transfer

Dian Muhsin Ahmed

3rd year student

Submission date: 20/02/18

Under supervision of Mr. Aram and Mr. Khiry

Introduction

Heat Conduction;
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat energy in a material due to
the temperature gradient within it. It always takes place from a
region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. A
solid is chosen for the experiment of pure conduction because both
liquids and gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. For
practical situation, heat conduction occurs in three dimensions, a
complexity which often requires extensive computation to
analyze. For experiment, a single dimensional approach is required to
demonstrate the basic law that relates rate of heat flow to temperature
gradient and area.

Heat Convection;
Refers to the transfer of thermal energy in the means of diffusion. As a
fluid moves around the boundaries of an object, with a given velocity, an
amount of heat energy will be transferred. It is used in many processes,
such as cooling a circuit board or keeping a room cool during a hot
summer. The fluid, which comes in at a certain temperature, will
experience the change in temperature. The object is being cooled while
the fluid keeps flowing. This process repeats over and over again,
keeping the object at a desired temperature.
Heat convection is seen to be two types (free and forced). Free is caused
by natural motion of the substances in transferring heat in both cases of
liquid and gas (fluid). Whereas in Forced convection type the fluid is
forced into a specific space to transfer heat, for example using a fan to
cool air in a specific area.
Methods and Materials

Heat conduction apparatus consist of an electricity heated module

mounted on a bench support frame. The module contains a cylindrical
metal bar arrangement for a variety of linear conduction experiments. The
test section is equipped with an array of temperature gradient.
Like shown in the figures below:

Fig.1

This figure shows an image of the conduction heat transfer apparatus, in

which the cylindrical shaped part is the linear conduction heat transfer
and its middle section is an exchangeable piece of material.

This apparatus is also provided with cold water (room temperature water)
and the opposite end of the heater is connected to a water supply, this
way the mid-section piece can vary in temperatures of the heater and the
supply water.
The other circular part is called the circular conduction heat transfer, and
it's used in this apparatus only to see how the temperature will vary if the
materials were positioned in a circle around the heater.

It is numbered from 1 to 6 each of these numbers has a readable

temperature measurement which is measured by the other part of the
device in the figure below:

Fig.2
Whereas in the Force convection apparatus:

Fig.3

Conclusion

We concluded in this apparatus introduction the following points:

1. The conduction heat transfer testing sample in both linear and circular
shapes have a common fact that heat transferred from the heater loses
some of its heat till' it reaches the mid-section testing sample.

2. The Force convection heat transfer method is has a controlling limit of

power, and can only happen via machines.