Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(rotary viscometer)
dv
F ⫽ hA (1)
dx
dv
t⫽h (2)
dx
PHYWE series of publications • Laboratory Experiments • Chemistry • © PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG • D-37070 Göttingen P3010901 1
Viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids
(rotary viscometer))
The gauge in this experiment is a rotary viscometer. It consists In this case, the velocity gradient D is as follows:
of an inner and an outer cylinder. The liquid to be investigated is
located between them. At low rotational velocity the moment of dv
rotation T(r) which is exerted on a cylindrical layer of liquid with D1r2 ⫽ r (5)
a radius r and a height h conforms to the following relationship dr
as a result of the rotation of the outer or inner cylinder:
v Angular velocity
T1r2 ⫽ t · 2 p r h · r (3) Substitution of the equations (2), (4) and (5) and integration with
the limiting conditions v = 0 for r = R1 and v = f for r = R2 (R1,
The shearing stress can be expressed by the measurable R2 = radii of the two cylinders) gives the following relationship
moment of rotation: between the measured moment of rotation and the angular
velocity:
T 4p R21 ⫺ R22 h
t1r2 ⫽ (4) T⫽ hf ⫽ Chf (6)
2 p r2 h R22 ⫺ R21
2 P3010901 PHYWE series of publications • Laboratory Experiments • Chemistry • © PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG • D-37070 Göttingen
Viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids
(rotary viscometer)
Spheroid colloids (glycogens, various proteins) have an approx- Viscosity is a temperature dependent dimension. Liquids exhib-
imately spherical particle shape. The viscosity of solutions of it a decrease in viscosity with increase in temperature. When
these is given by the equation energy is supplied, the average energy of the molecules increas-
es and the mutual forces of attraction between the molecules
h
⫽K (7) becomes less noticeable. For most liquids, the following equa-
c tion is valid:
c Concentration
K Constant that has the same value for homologous poly- E
ln h ⫽ ⫹ ln C (9)
meric substances RT
h
⫽ KM (8)
c
Fig. 5: Temperature dependence of the viscosity of glycerol Fig. 6: Temperature dependence of the viscosity of castor oil
PHYWE series of publications • Laboratory Experiments • Chemistry • © PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH & Co. KG • D-37070 Göttingen P3010901 3