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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This work contains (1) portions ofthe International Code Council Codes (the "ICC Codes") and (2)
material that is derivative of the ICC Codes, and (3) wholly original materials prepared by the New York State Department of State
or by the New York State Fire Prevention and Building Code Council (the "Code Council"). The International Code Council has
copyright ownership of the ICC Codes. The International Code Council and the New York State Department of State have joint
copyright ownership of the material that is derivative of the ICC Codes. The New York State Department of State has copyright
ownership of the wholly original materials prepared by the New York State Department of State or by the Code Council. As to the
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any form, are reserved to the International Code Council and the New York State Department of State, jointly. As to the wholly orig-
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DEfPJARfMIENlT OF STATE
Lorraine A. Cortes-Vazquez Secretary of State
Daniel E. Shapiro First Deputy Secretary of State
Ronald E. Piester, AlA Director - Division of Code Enforcement & Administration
Thomas P. Mahar Deputy Director - Division of Code Enforcement & Administration
Raymond J. Andrews, R.A. Assistant Director for Code Development, Division of Code
Enforcement & Administration
Joseph Ball Office of Counsel, NYS Department of State
Cheryl Fischer, p.E. (Chair), William Richardsen, P.E. - Department of State Staff, Edward Angelone, Peter Campito,
p.E., Robert Cordell, Ronald Dunn, Ronald Leone, Michael Montysko, P.E., Douglas Page, p.E.M.p.A., Austin Sennett
Richard Thomson (Chair), Charles Bliss, P.E., Thomas Romanowski - Department of State Staff, Ben Curtis, Dan
Kress, Jim Burton, Wayne M. Cichon, Richard Schunk
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the
2002 edition. Deletion indicators (-) are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item has been deleted, except for
Chapter 1, which has been significantly changed, so there are no margin bars or deletion indicators.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECT~ON 1(0)1 occur between provisions of this code and referenced stan-
T~'fliE~SCOPE AND ~URI?OS[E dards, the provisions of this code shall apply.
101.1 TitRe. These provisions shall be known as the Mechani- 102.5 Appendnx. The following appendix has been adopted
cal Code ofNew York State and shall be cited as such and will and is made part of this code:
be referred to herein as "this code."
Appendix C - Structural Safety
UH.2 ScoJIlle. The provisions of this code shall apply to the de-
102.6 PartnaD invallHirllity. In the event any part or provision of
sign, installation, maintenance, alteration and inspection of
this code is held to be illegal or void, this shall not have the ef-
mechanical systems that are permanently installed and utilized
fect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provi-
to provide control of environmental conditions and related pro-
sions.
cesses within buildings. This code shall also regulate those me-
chanical systems, system components, equipment and 11@20' Exnsting nlI1lstanllatimllso Mechanical systems lawfully in
appliances specifically addressed herein. The installation of existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be per-
fuel gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel gas-fired appli- mitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the use,
ances and fuel gas-fired appliance venting systems shall be reg- maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design
ulated by the Fuel Gas Code ofNew York State. and no hazard to life, health and property is created by such me-
chanical system, and except as specifically covered in this
Exceptnmlls~
code, the Property Maintenance Code of New York State, the
1. Detached one-and two-family dwellings and multiple Fire Code ofNew York State or the Existing Building Code of
single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than New York State.
three stories in height above grade with separate
means of egress and their accessory structures shall
comply with the Residential Code ofNew York State. SIECT~ON 103
2. Mechanical systems in existing buildings that are un- M~T[ER~AlS~ EQUIPMENT AND METHODS Of
dergoing repairs, alterations, changes in occupancy or CONSTRH!JCT~ON
construction of additions shall be permitted to comply 1103.11 ApJIllroveirllll1l1l2lterfiaDs alIlld eqlllllljplmento Materials, equip-
with provisions of the Existing Building Code ofNew ment and devices approved by the code enforcement official
York State. for use shall be constructed and installed in accordance with
lW1.3 Purpose. This code is intended to provide minimum re- such approval. Materials, equipment and devices tested by an
quirements to safeguard life and limb, health, property and approved testing laboratory shall be permitted to be con-
public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, con- structed and installed in accordance with such approval.
struction, installation, quality of materials, location, operation 110302 Used materiaHs and! eqlUlnpmelI1.t Material, equipment
and maintenance or use of mechanical systems. and devices shall not be reused unless they meet the require-
ments of this code for new materials.
].03.3 AHternate Jnl1laterfians~ irlIesigllll amll metll1lods of COll1.stlt"1l.llC-
SECT~ON 1(0)2
tfioJl1l 2l1l1lirll equipmento This code is not intended to prevent the
APPUCAB~lU'fV
use of any material or to prohibit any design or method of con-
102.1 Ge1l1lerall. Where, in any specific case, different sections struction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that
of this code specify different materials, methods of construc- any such alternative has been approved by the code enforce-
tion or other requirements, the most restrictive shall be applica- ment official or the State Fire Prevention and Building Code
ble. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement Council.
and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be
applicable. An alternative material, design or method of construction
may only be approved when it is determined to comply with the
102.2 Other Raws amI! reglUlllatno1l1ls. The provisions of this code intent of the provisions of this code and be at least equivalent of
shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness,
federal laws and regulations. fire resistance, durability and safety.
102.3 AppllncatiOHll off refere1l1lceso References to chapter or 103.4 SaJfeglUlarrlls during constrlUldiOHllo All construction
section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by work covered in this code, including any demolition, shall
number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or comply with the requirements of the Fire Code of New York
provision of this code. State and Chapter 33 of the Building Code ofNew York State.
102.4 Re[ereJl1lcedl steWllJldlanlls. The standards referenced in this 103.5 Workmallllsll1liJPl. Repairs, maintenance work, alterations
code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to or installations which are caused directly or indirectly by the
the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where differences enforcement of this code shall be executed and installed in a
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 104
SERVICE UTILITIES
104.1 Connection of service utilities. Connections from a
utility, source of energy, fuel or power to any building or sys-
tem which is regulated by this code shall be made in accor-
dance with the regulations of the public utility or other
authority having jurisdiction.
104.2 Temporary power. Temporary power shall comply with
the requirements of Chapter 27 of the Building Code of New
York State.
SECTION 105
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
105.1 Administration and enforcement. Administration and
enforcement of the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention
and Building Code shall be in accordance with local law, sub-
ject to the minimum requirements set forth in the "Official
Compilation of Codes Rules and Regulations of the State of
New York," 19 NYCRR Part 1203, "Minimum Standards for
Administration and Enforcement." State agencies shall com-
ply with the minimum requirements set forth in 19 NYCRR
Part 1204, "Administration and Enforcement by State Agen-
cies."
105.2 Modification No town, village, city or county, nor any
state agency charged with the administration and enforcement
of this code may waive, modify or otherwise alter any provi-
sion of this code unless approved by the State Fire Prevention
and Building Code Council in accordance with Section 379 of
Article 18 of the Executive Law.
105.3 Application for variance or appeal. Variance or appeal
of any provision of this code shall be in accordance with the
provisions of the "Official Compilation of Codes Rules and
Regulations of the State of New York," 19 NYCRR Part 1205,
"Variance Procedures."
orated (to provide refrigeration), and reabsorbed in an absorber of combustion at the point of entrance to the flue under nor-
to repeat the cycle; the system may be single or multiple effect, mal operating conditions have a temperature greater than
the latter using multiple stages or internally cascaded use of 2,000°F (1093 °C).
heat to improve efficiency.
ILI[D'W cllne21t 2lppllu2lIlnce (ll"esud!elI1ltu21ll 2llPpllu21ll1lce). Any appli-
ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appliance or ance in which the products of combustion at the point of en-
equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first trance to the flue under normal operating conditions have a
requires the removal or movement of a panel, door or similar temperature of I,OOO°F (538°C) or less.
obstruction [see also "Ready access (to)"].
MedlulllllllIn !hle21t 2lppDi21Hllce. Any appliance in which the prod-
c
AKR. All air supplied to mechanical equipment and appliances ucts of combustion at the point of entrance to the flue under
for combustion, ventilation, cooling, etc. Standard air is air at normal operating conditions have a temperature of more
standard temperature and pressure, namely, 70°F (21°C) and than I,OOO°F (538°C), but not greater than 2,000°F
29.92 inches of mercury (101.3 kPa). (1093°C).
ARR CONlIlll:TJIONITNG. The treatment of air so as to control APPILITANClE, lUNVlEN1rlED. An appliance designed or in-
simultaneously the temperature, humidity, cleanness and dis- stalled in such a manner that the products of combustion are not
tribution of the air to meet the requirements of a conditioned conveyed by a vent or chimney directly to the outside atmo-
space. sphere.
AIrRcCONlIlll:1I'IONIrNG SYSTEM. A system that consists of APPILJIANCE, VlENTED. An appliance designed and in-
heat exchangers, blowers, filters, supply, exhaust and return stalled in such a manner that all of the products of combustion
ducts, and shall include any apparatus installed in connection are conveyed directly from the appliance to the outside atmo-
therewith. sphere through an approved chimney or vent system.
APPROVED. Acceptable to the code enforcement official. bustion chamber that has no openings other than the flue collar,
APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized fuel charging door and adjustable openings provided to control
agency that is regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnish- the amount of combustion air that enters the combustion cham-
ing inspection services. ber.
AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION. The local gov- CLOTHES DRYER. An appliance used to dry wet laundry by
ernment, county government or state agency responsible for means of heat. Dryer classifications are as follows:
the administration and enforcement of an applicable regulation Type 1. Factory-built package, multiple production. Pri-
or law. marily used in family living environment. Usually the
AUTOMATIC BOILER. Any class of boiler that is equipped smallest unit physically and in function output.
with the controls and limit devices specified in Chapter 10. Type 2. Factory-built package, multiple production. Used in
BATHROOM. A room containing a bathtub, shower, spa or business with direct intercourse of the function with the
similar bathing fixture. public. Not designed for use in individual family living en-
vironment.
BOILER. A closed heating appliance intended to supply hot
water or steam for space heating, processing or power purposes. CODE. These regulations, subsequent amendments thereto, or
Low-pressure boilers operate at pressures less than or equal to 15 any emergency rule or regulation that the administrative au-
pounds per square inch (psi) (103 kPa) for steam and 160 psi thority having jurisdiction has lawfully adopted.
(1103 kPa) for water. High-pressure boilers operate at pressures CODE ENFORCEMENT OFFICIAL. The officer or other
exceeding those pressures. designated authority charged with the administration and en-
BOILER ROOM. A room primarily utilized for the installa- forcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative.
tion of a boiler. COMBUSTIBILE ASSEMBLY. Wall, floor, ceiling or other
BRAZED JOINT. A gas-tight joint obtained by the joining of assembly constructed of one or more component materials that
metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which melt at a are not defined as noncombustible.
temperature above 1,000°F (538°C), but lower than the melt- COMBUSTIBILE LIQUlIDS. Any liquids having a flash point
ing temperature of the parts to be joined. at or above 100°F (38°C), and that are divided into the follow-
BRAZING. A metal joining process wherein coalescence is ing classifications:
produced by the use of a nonferrous filler metal having a melt- Class H. Liquids having flash points at or above lOO°F
ing point above 1,000°F (538°C), but lower than that of the (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C).
base metal being joined. The filler material is distributed be- Class IlIA. Liquids having flash points at or above l40°F
tween the closely fitted surfaces of the joint by capillary attrac- (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).
tion.
Class nIB. Liquids having flash points at or above 200 OF
BTU. Abbreviation for British thermal unit, which is the quan- (93 °C).
tity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound (454 g)
of water 1°F (0.56 °C) (l Btu = 1055 J). COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. Any material not defined as
noncombustible.
BUILDING. Any structure occupied or intended for support-
ing or sheltering any occupancy. COMBUSTION. In the context of this code, refers to the rapid
oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat or heat
CHIMNEY. A primarily vertical structure containing one or and light.
more flues, for the purpose of carrying gaseous products of
combustion and air from a fuel-burning appliance to the out- COMBUSTION AIR. Air necessary for complete combus-
side atmosphere. tion of a fuel, including theoretical air and excess air.
Factory-built chimney. A listed and labeled chimney com- COMBUSTION CHAMBER. The portion of an appliance
posed of factory-made components, assembled in the field within which combustion occurs.
in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and the con- COMBUSTION PRODUCTS. Constituents resulting from
ditions of the listing. the combustion of a fuel with the oxygen of the air, including
Masonry chimney. A field-constructed chimney composed the inert gases, but excluding excess air.
of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or concrete. COMMERCIAL COOKING RECIRCULATING SYS-
Metal chimney. A field-constructed chimney of metal. TEM. Self-contained system consisting of the exhaust hood, the
cooking equipment, the filters, and the fire suppression system.
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR. A pipe that connects a The system is designed to capture cooking vapors and residues
fuel-burning appliance to a chimney.
generated from commercial cooking equipment. The system re-
CLEARANCE. The minimum distance through air measured moves contaminants from the exhaust air and recirculates the air
between the heat-producing surface of the mechanical appli- to the space from which it was withdrawn.
ance, device or equipment and the surface of the combustible
COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES. Appliances
material or assembly. used in a commercial food service establishment for heating or
CLOSED COMBUSTION SOLID-FUEL-lBURNING AP- cooking food and which produce grease vapors, steam, fumes,
PLIANCE. A heat-producing appliance that employs a com- smoke or odors that are required to be removed through a local
exhaust ventilation system. Such appliances include deep fat be supplied from the rear or side of the hood, or the rear, front or
fryers; upright broilers; griddles; broilers; steam-jacketed ket- sides of the cooking equipment. The makeup airflow can be
tles; hot-top ranges; under-fired broilers (charbroilers); ovens; one or a combination of methods.
barbecues; rotisseries; and similar appliances. For the purpose
COMPRESSOR. A specific machine, with or without acces-
of this definition, a food service establishment shall include
sories, for compressing a gas.
any building or a portion thereof used for the preparation and
serving of food. COMPRlESSOR, IPOSIITJIVlE DJISPLACEMENT. A com-
COMMIERCliAL JKJI1fCHEN HOODS. pressor in which increase in pressure is attained by changing
the internal volume of the compression chamber.
Baclksh.~nff hood. A backshelf hood is also referred to as a
low-proximity hood, or as a sidewall hood where wall COMPRESSOR UNJI1f. A compressor with its prime mover
mounted. Its front lower lip is low over the appliance(s) and and accessories.
is "set back" from the front of the appliance(s). It is always CONCEALED LOCATION. A location that cannot be ac-
closed to the rear of the appliances by a panel where cessed without damaging permanent parts of the building
free-standing, or by a panel or wall where wall mounted, and structure or finish surface. Spaces above, below or behind
its height above the cooking surface varies. (This style of readily removable panels or doors shall not be considered as
hood can be constructed with partial end panels to increase concealed.
its effectiveness in capturing the effluent generated by the
cooking operation). CONDENSATlE. The liquid that condenses from a gas (in-
cluding flue gas) caused by a reduction in temperature.
Double isllaJl1ldl caJillopy hood. A double island canopy hood is
placed over back-to-back appliances or appliance lines. It is CONDENSER. A heat exchanger designed to liquefy refrig-
open on all sides and overhangs both fronts and the sides of erant vapor by removal of heat.
the appliance(s). It could have a wall panel between the backs CONDENSING UNIIT. A specific refrigerating machine
of the appliances. (The fact that exhaust air is drawn from combination for a given refrigerant, consisting of one or more
both sides of the double canopy to meet in the center causes power-driven compressors, condensers, liquid receivers (when
each side of this hood to emulate a wall canopy hood, and thus required), and the regularly furnished accessories.
it functions much the same with or without an actual wall
panel between the backs of the appliances). COND][1flIONlED SPACE. An area, room or space being
heated or cooled by any equipment or appliance.
JEy~lb)Jrow hoodl. An eyebrow hood is mounted directly to the
face of an appliance, such as an oven and dishwasher, above CONFINED SPACES. A space having a volume less than 50
the opening(s) or door(s) from which effluent is emitted, ex- cubic feet per 1,000 British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) (4.8
tending past the sides and overhanging the front of the open- m 3/kW) of the aggregate input rating of all appliances installed
ing to capture the effluent. in that space.
PaSSa{))V~ll" hoodl.
A pass-over hood is a free-standing form CONS1fJRUC1fION DOCUMEN1fS. All of the written,
of a backshelf hood constructed low enough to pass food graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for de-
over the top. scribing the design, location and physical characteristics of the
elements of the project necessary for obtaining a building per-
SillJlgHe isllandl calTmpy ho{))iIlI. A single island canopy hood is mit. The construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropri-
placed over a single appliance or appliance line. It is open on ate scale.
all sides and overhangs the front, rear, and sides of the appli-
ance(s). A single island canopy is more susceptible to cross CONTROL. A manual or automatic device designed to regu-
drafts and requires a greater exhaust air flow than an equiva- late the gas, air, water or electrical supply to, or operation of, a
lent sized wall-mounted canopy to capture and contain ef- mechanical system.
fluent generated by the cooking operation(s). CONVERSiON BURNER. A burner designed to supply gas-
wann caJill{))!py lhlo{))dl. A wall canopy exhaust hood is mounted eous fuel to an appliance originally designed to utilize another
against a wall above a single appliance or line of appli- fuel.
ance(s), or it could be free-standing with a back panel from COOKJING APPJLJIANCE. See "Commercial cooking appli-
the rear of the appliances to the hood. It overhangs the front ances."
and sides of the appliance(s) on all open sides.
DAMPER. A manually or automatically controlled device to
(The wall acts as a back panel, forcing the makeup air to
regulate draft or the rate of flow of air or combustion gases.
be drawn across the front of the cooking equipment, thus in-
creasing the effectiveness of the hood to capture and contain Voh.llme damp~ll". A device that, when installed, will restrict,
effluent generated by the cooking operation(s). retard or direct the flow of air in a duct, or the products of
combustion in a heat-producing appliance, its vent connec-
COMPENSATING HOODS. Compensating hoods are those
tor, vent or chimney therefrom.
having integral (built-in) makeup air supply. The makeup air
supply for such hoods is generally supplied from: short-circuit DESIGN FLOOD lELlEVATliON. The elevation of the "de-
flow from inside the hood, air curtain flow from the bottom of sign flood," including wave height, relative to the datum speci-
the front face, and front face discharge from the outside front fied on the community's legally designated flood hazard area
wall of the hood. The compensating makeup airflow can also map.
DESIGN WORKING PRESSURE. The maximum allowable ELECTRIC HEATING APPLIANCE. An appliance that
I
working pressure for which a specific part of a system is de-
signed.
DIRECT REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A system in which
produces heat energy to create a warm environment by the ap-
plication of electric power to resistance elements, refrigerant
compressors or dissimilar material junctions.
the evaporator or condenser of the refrigerating system is in di- ENERGY RECOVER.Y VENTILATION SYSTEM. Sys-
rect contact with the air or other substances to be cooled or tems that employ air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy
heated. from or reject energy to exhaust air for the purpose of
pre-heating, pre-cooling, humidifying or dehumidifying out-
DIRECT-VENT APPLIANCES. Appliances that are con- door ventilation air prior to supplying such air to a space, either
structed and installed so that all air for combustion is derived
directly or as part of an HVAC system.
from the outside atmosphere and all flue gases are discharged
to the outside atmosphere. EQUIPMENT. All piping, ducts, vents, control devices and
other components of systems other than appliances which are
DRAFT. The pressure difference existing between the appli- permanently installed and integrated to provide control of envi-
ance or any component part and the atmosphere, that causes a ronmental conditions for buildings. This definition shall also
continuous flow of air and products of combustion through the include other systems specifically regulated in this code.
gas passages of the appliance to the atmosphere.
EQUIPMENT, EXISTING. Any equipment regulated by this
Induced draft. The pressure difference created by the ac- code which was legally installed prior to the effective date of
tion of a fan, blower or ejector, that is located between the this code, or for which a permit to install has been issued.
appliance and the chimney or vent termination.
EVAPORATIVE COOLER. A device used for reducing the
Natural draft. The pressure difference created by a vent or sensible heat of air for cooling by the process of evaporation of
chimney because of its height, and the temperature differ- water into an airstream.
ence between the flue gases and the atmosphere.
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM. The equipment and
DRIP. The container placed at a low point in a system of piping appliances intended or installed for the purpose of environmen-
to collect condensate and from which the condensate is remov- tal cooling by an evaporative cooler from which the conditioned
able. air is distributed through ducts or plenums to the conditioned
DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS. Dry cleaning plants or sys- area.
tems are classified as follows: EVAPORATOR. That part of the system in which liquid re-
Type I. Those systems using Class I flammable liquid sol- frigerant is vaporized to produce refrigeration.
vents having a flash point below IOOoP (38°e). EXCESS AIR. The amount of air provided in addition to theo-
retical air to achieve complete combustion of a fuel, thereby
Type H. Those systems using Class II combustible liquid
preventing the formation of dangerous products of combus-
solvents having a flash point at or above lOOoP (38°C) and
tion.
below 140 0 P (60°C).
Type III. Those systems using Class III combustible liquid
EXHAUST SYSTEM. An assembly of connected ducts, ple-
nums, fittings, registers, grilles and hoods through which air is
•
solvents having a flash point at or above 140°F (60°C).
conducted from the space or spaces and exhausted to the out-
Types IV and V. Those systems using Class IV nonflamma- side atmosphere.
ble liquid solvents. EXTRA-HEAVY-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE. Ex-
DUCT. A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air tra-heavy-duty cooking appliances include appliances utilizing
passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as solid fuel such as wood, charcoal, briquettes, and mesquite as
air ducts. the primary source of heat for cooking.
DUCT FURNACE. A warm-air furnace normally installed in F RATiNG. The time period that the through-penetration
an air distribution duct to supply warm air for heating. This def- firestop system limits the spread of fire through the penetration
inition shall apply only to a warm-air heating appliance that, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814.
for air circulation, depends on a blower not furnished as part of FliREPLACJE. An assembly consisting of a hearth and fire
the furnace. chamber of noncombustible material and provided with a
DUCT SYSTEM. A continuous passageway for the transmis- chimney, for use with solid fuels.
sion of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings, damp- Factory-built fireplace. A listed and labeled fireplace and
ers, plenums, fans and accessory air-handling equipment and chimney system composed offactory-made components, and
appliances. assembled in the field in accordance with manufacturer's in-
DWELLING. A building or portion thereof that contains not structions and the conditions of the listing.
more than two dwelling units. MasmllJrY fiJreplace. A field-constructed fireplace com-
DWELLING UNIT. A single unit providing complete, inde- posed of solid masonry units, bricks, stones or concrete.
pendent living facilities for one or more persons, including per- FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING. The period of time a build-
manent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and ing element, component or assembly maintains the ability to
sanitation. confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function,
or both as determined by the tests, or the methods based on FLUE. A passageway within a chimney or vent through which
tests, prescribed in Section 703 of the Building Code of New gaseous combustion products pass.
York State.
FLUE CONNECTlION (BJRJEJECHlING). A passage for con-
IFJIREPJLACE STOVE. A free-standing chimney-connected ducting the products of combustion from a fuel-fired appliance
solid-fuel-burning heater, designed to be operated with the fIre to the vent or chimney (see also "Chimney connector" and
chamber doors in either the open or closed position. "Vent connector").
FLAME SAFEGUARD. A device that will automatically shut FLUE GASES. Products of combustion and excess air.
off the fuel supply to a main burner or group of burners when
FLUE LIiNlER. (LINiNG). A system or material used to form
the means of ignition of such burners becomes inoperative, and
the inside surface of a flue in a chimney or vent, for the purpose
when flame failure occurs on the burner or group of burners.
of protecting the surrounding structure from the effects of com-
FLAME SPREAD lINDEX. The numerical value assigned to bustion products and conveying combustion products without
a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. leakage to the atmosphere.
FlLAMMABllLITY CLASSllFICA1f][ON. Refrigerants shall FUEL GAS. A natural gas, manufactured gas, liquefIed petro-
be assigned to one of the three classes-I, 2 or 3-in accor- leum gas or a mixture of these.
dance with ASHRAE 34. for Classes 2 and 3, the heat of com-
FUEIL OITJL. Kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil having a flash
bustion shall be calculated assuming that combustion products
point not less than 100°F (38°C).
are in the gas phase and in their most stable state.
FUEL~OIDL PJilP'ING SYSTEM. A closed piping system that
CRass 1. Refrigerants that do not show flame propagation
connects a combustible liquid from a source of supply to a
when tested in air at 14.7 psia (101 kPa) and 70°F (21°C).
fuel-oil-burning appliance.
CRass Z. Refrigerants having a lower flammability limit
FURNACE. A completely self-contained heating unit that is
(LFL) of more than 0.00625 pound per cubic foot (0.10
designed to supply heated air to spaces remote from or adjacent
kg/m 3) at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psia (101 kPa) and a heat of
to the appliance location.
combustion of less than 8,174 Btu/lb (19 000 kJ/kg).
FURNACE ROOM. A room primarily utilized for the instal-
CRass 3. Refrigerants that are highly flammable, having a
lation of fuel-burning, space-heating and water-heating appli-
LFL of less than or equal to 0.00625 pound per cubic foot
ances other than boilers (see also "Boiler room").
(0.10 kg/m 3 ) at 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psia (101 kPa) or a
heat of combustion greater than or equal to 8,174 Btu/lb FUSHBLlE PLUG. A device arranged to relieve pressure by
(19 000 kJ/kg). operation of a fusible member at a predetermined temperature.
FLAMMABLE ILIIQUIlJl)S. Any liquid that has a flash point GROUND SOURClE HEAT PUMP LOOP SYSTEM. Pip-
below 100°f (38°C), and has a vapor pressure not exceeding ing buried in horizontal or vertical excavations or placed in a
40 psia (276 kPa) at 100°F (38°C). Flammable liquids shall be body of water for the purpose of transporting heat transfer liq-
known as Class I liquids and shall be divided into the following uid to and from a heat pump. Included in this defInition are
classifIcations: closed loop systems in which the liquid is recirculated and
open loop systems in which the liquid is drawn from a well or
CRass nA. Liquids having a flash point below 73 OF (23°C)
other source.
and a boiling point below 100°f (38 DC).
IHIAZARJI})OUS LOCATJION. Any location considered to be a
CRass m. Liquids having a flash point below 73 OF (23°C)
fire hazard for flammable vapors, dust, combustible fIbers or
and a boiling point at or above 100°F (38 DC).
other highly combustible substances. The location is not neces-
CRass lIC. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73 OF sarily categorized in the Building Code ofNew York State as a
0
(23°C) and below 100 P (38°C). high-hazard use group classification.
FLAMMABILE VAPOR OR FUMES. Mixtures of gases in HEAT EXCHANGER. A device that transfers heat from one
air at concentrations equal to or greater than the LFL and less medium to another.
than or equal to the upper flammability limit (UFL).
HEAT PUMP. A refrigeration system that extracts heat from
FLASH IPOIINT. The minimum temperature corrected to a pres- one substance and transfers it to another portion of the same
sure of 14.7 psia (101 kPa) at which the application of a test substance or to a second substance at a higher temperature for a
flame causes the vapors of a portion of the sample to ignite under benefIcial purpose.
the conditions specifIed by the test procedures and apparatus.
HEAT TRANSFlER LiQUID. The operating or thermal stor-
The flash point of a liquid shall be determined in accordance
age liquid in a mechanical system, including water or other liq-
with ASTM D 56, ASTM D 93 or ASTM D 3278.
uid base, and additives at the concentration present under
FLOOR AJRJEA, NET. The actual occupied area, not including operating conditions used to move heat from one location to
unoccupied accessory areas or thicknesses of walls. another. Refrigerants are not included as heat transfer liquids.
FLOOR FURNACE. A completely self-contained furnace 1HL\EAVY~])UTY COOKING APPLIANCE. Heavy-duty
suspended from the floor of the space being heated, taking air cooking appliances include electric under-fIred broilers, elec-
for combustion from outside such space and with means for ob- tric chain (conveyor) broilers, gas under-fIred broilers, gas
serving flames and lighting the appliance from such space. chain (conveyor) broilers, gas open-burner ranges (with or
7
DEFINITIONS
without oven), electric and gas wok ranges, and electric and gas JOINT, FLANGED. A joint made by bolting together a pair of
over-fired (upright) broilers and salamanders. flanged ends.
HIGH-PROBABILITY SYSTEMS. A refrigeration system JOINT, FLARED. A metal-to-metal compression joint in
in which the basic design or the location of components is such which a conical spread is made on the end of a tube that is com-
that a leakage of refrigerant from a failed connection, seal or pressed by a flare nut against a mating flare.
component will enter an occupancy classified area, other than
JOINT, MECHANICAL. A general form of gas-tight joints
the machinery room.
obtained by the joining of metal parts through a posi-
HIGH-SIDE PRESSURE. The parts of a refrigerating system tive-holding mechanical construction, such as flanged joint,
subject to condenser pressure. screwed joint or flared joint.
HOOD. An air-intake device used to capture by entrapment, JOINT, PLASTIC ADHESIVE. A joint made in thermoset
impingement, adhesion or similar means, grease and similar plastic piping by the use of an adhesive substance which forms
contaminants before they enter a duct system. a continuous bond between the mating surfaces without dis-
Type I. A kitchen hood for collecting and removing grease solving either one of them.
vapors and smoke. JOINT, PLASTIC HEAT FUSION. A joint made in thermo-
Type II. A general kitchen hood for collecting and remov- plastic piping by heating the parts sufficiently to permit fusion
ing steam, vapor, heat and odors. of the materials when the parts are pressed together.
HYDROGEN GENERATING APPLIANCE. A self-con- JOINT, PLASTIC SOLVENT CEMENT. A joint made in
I
tained package or factory-matched packages of integrated sys- thermoplastic piping by the use of a solvent or solvent cement
tems for generating gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen generating which forms a continuous bond between the mating surfaces.
appliances utilize electrolysis, reformation, chemical or other JOINT, SOLDERED. A gas-tight joint obtained by the join-
processes to generate hydrogen. ing of metal parts with metallic mixtures of alloys which melt at
0
IGNITION SOURCE. A flame, spark or hot surface capable temperatures between 400 P (204°C) and 1,000oP (538°C).
of igniting flammable vapors or fumes. Such sources include JOINT, WELDED. A gas-tight joint obtained by the joining
appliance burners, burner ignitors and electrical switching de- of metal parts in molten state.
vices.
LABELED. Devices, equipment, appliances or materials to
IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identify-
(IDLH). The concentration of airborne contaminants that ing mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspec-
poses a threat of death, immediate or delayed permanent ad- tion agency or other organization concerned with product
verse health effects, or effects that could prevent escape from evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production
such an environment. This contaminant concentration level is of the above-labeled items and by whose label the manufac-
established by the National Institute of Occupational Safety turer attests to compliance with applicable nationally
and Health (NIOSH) based on both toxicity and flammability. recognized standards.
It is generally expressed in parts per million by volume (ppm
v/v) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3 ). LIGHT-DUTY COOKING APPLIANCE. Light-duty cook-
ing appliances include gas and electric ovens (including stan-
INDIRECT REFRIGERATION SYSTEM. A system in dard, bake, roasting, revolving, retherm, convection,
which a secondary coolant cooled or heated by the refrigerat- combination convection/steamer, conveyor, deck or deck-style
ing system is circulated to the air or other substance to be pizza, and pastry), electric and gas steam-jacketed kettles, elec-
cooled or heated. Indirect systems are distinguished by the tric and gas compartment steamers (both pressure and atmo-
method of application shown below: spheric) and electric and gas cheesemelters.
Closed system. A system in which a secondary fluid is ei- LlIMIT CONTROL. A device responsive to changes in pres-
ther cooled or heated by the refrigerating system and then sure, temperature or level for turning on, shutting off or throt-
circulated within a closed circuit in indirect contact with the tling the gas supply to an appliance.
air or other substance to be cooled or heated.
LlIMITED CHARGE SYSTEM. A system in which, with the
Double-indirect open-spray system. A system in which compressor idle, the design pressure will not be exceeded when
the secondary substance for an indirect open-spray system the refrigerant charge has completely evaporated.
is heated or cooled by an intermediate coolant circulated
from a second enclosure. LISTED. Equipment, appliances or materials included in a list
published by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspec-
Open-spray system. A system in which a secondary cool- tion agency or other organization concerned with product evalu-
ant is cooled or heated by the refrigerating system and then ation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed
circulated in direct contact with the air or other substance to equipment, appliances or materials, and whose listing states ei-
be cooled or heated. ther that the equipment, appliances or material meets nationally
Vented closed system. A system in which a secondary cool- recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for
ant is cooled or heated by the refrigerating system and then use in a specified manner. Not all testing laboratories, inspection
passed through a closed circuit in the air or other substance agencies and other organizations concerned with product evalu-
to be cooled or heated, except that the evaporator or con- ation use the same means for identifying listed equipment, appli-
denser is placed in an open or appropriately vented tank. ances or materials. Some do not recognize equipment,
OUTDOOR OPENING. A door, window, louver or skylight not include evaporators where each separate section does not ex-
openable to the outside atmosphere. ceed 0.5 cubic foot (0.014 m3 ) of refrigerant-containing volume,
OUTLET. A threaded connection or bolted flange in a piping regardless of the maximum inside dimensions, evaporator coils,
system to which a gas-burning appliance is attached. controls, headers, pumps and piping.
PANEL HEATING. A method of radiant space heating in PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY (REDUCED CILEAR-
which heat is supplied by large heated areas of room surfaces. ANCE). Any noncombustible assembly that is labeled or con-
The heating element usually consists of warm water piping, structed in accordance with Table 308.6 and is placed between
warm air ducts, or electrical resistance elements embedded in combustible materials or assemblies and mechanical appli-
or located behind ceiling, wall or floor surfaces. ances, devices or equipment, for the purpose of reducing re-
quired airspace clearances. Protective assemblies attached
PELLET FUEL-BURNING APPLIANCE. A closed-com- directly to a combustible assembly shall not be considered as
bustion, vented appliance equipped with a fuel-feed mecha- part of that combustible assembly.
nism for burning processed pellets of solid fuel of a specified
size and composition. PURGE. To clear of air, water or other foreign substances.
PENETRATION FIRESTOP. A through-penetration QUICK-OPENING VALVE. A valve that opens completely
firestop or a membrane-penetration firestop. by fast action, either manually or automatically controlled. A
valve requiring one-quarter round turn or less is considered to
PIPING. Where used in this code, "piping" refers to either be quick opening.
pipe or tubing, or both.
RADIANT HEATER. A heater designed to transfer heat pri-
Pipe. A rigid conduit of iron, steel, copper, brass or plastic.
marily by direct radiation.
Thbing. Semirigid conduit of copper, aluminum, plastic or
steel.
READY ACCESS (TO). That which enables a device, appli-
ance or equipment to be directly reached, without requiring the
PLASTIC, THERMOPLASTIC. A plastic that is capable of removal or movement of any panel, door or similar obstruction
being repeatedly softened by increase of temperature and [see "Access (to)"].
hardened by decrease of temperature.
RECEIVER, LIQUID. A vessel permanently connected to a
PLASTIC, THERMOSETTING. A plastic that is capable of refrigeration system by inlet and outlet pipes for storage of liq-
being changed into a substantially infusible or insoluble prod- uid refrigerant.
uct when cured under application of heat or chemical means.
RECIRCULATED AIR. Air removed from a conditioned
PLENUM. An enclosed portion of the building structure, other space and intended for reuse as supply air.
than an occupiable space being conditioned, that is designed to
allow air movement, and thereby serve as part of an air distribu- RECLAIMED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants reprocessed
tion system. to the same specifications as for new refrigerants by means in-
cluding distillation. Such refrigerants have been chemically an-
PORTABLE FUEL CELL APPLIANCE. A fuel cell gener- alyzed to verify that the specifications have been met.
ator of electricity, which is not fixed in place. A portable fuel Reclaiming usually implies the use of processes or procedures
cell appliance utilizes a cord and plug connection to a that are available only at a reprocessing or manufacturing
grid-isolated load and has an integral fuel supply. facility.
POWER BOILER. See "Boiler." RECOVERED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants removed
PREMISES. A lot, plot or parcel of land, including any struc- from a system in any condition without necessarily testing or
ture thereon. processing them.
PRESSURE, FIELD TEST. A test performed in the field to RECYCLED REFRIGERANTS. Refrigerants from which
prove system tightness. contaminants have been reduced by oil separation, removal of
PRESSURE-LIMITING DEVICE. A pressure-responsive noncondensable gases, and single or multiple passes through
mechanism designed to stop automatically the operation of the devices that reduce moisture, acidity and particulate matter,
pressure-imposing element at a predetermined pressure. such as replaceable core filter driers. These procedures usually
are performed at the field job site or in a local service shop.
PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE. A pressure-actuated valve
or rupture member designed to relieve excessive pressure auto- REFRIGERANT. A substance utilized to produce refrigera-
matically. tion by its expansion or vaporization.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE. A pressure-actuated valve REFRIGERANT SAFETY CLASSIFICATIONS. Group-
held closed by a spring or other means and designed to relieve ings that indicate the toxicity and flammability classes in
pressure automatically in excess of the device's setting. accordance with Section 1103.1. The classification group is
made up of a letter (A or B) that indicates the toxicity class, fol-
PRESSURE VESSELS. Closed containers, tanks or vessels lowed by a number (1,2 or 3) that indicates the flammability
that are designed to contain liquids or gases, or both, under class. Refrigerant blends are similarly classified, based on the
pressure.
compositions at their worst cases of fractionation, as separately
PRESSURE VESSELS-REFRIGERANT. Any refriger- determined for toxicity and flammability. In some cases, the
ant-containing receptacle in a refrigerating system. This does worst case of fractionation is the original formulation.
FBammalbiHity. Class 1indicates refrigerants that do not show RETURN AIR. Air removed from an approved conditioned
flame propagation in air when tested by prescribed methods space or location and recirculated or exhausted.
at specified conditions. Classes 2 and 3 signify refrigerants
RETURN AIR SYSTEM. An assembly of connected ducts,
with "lower flammability" and "higher flammability," re-
plenums, fittings, registers and grilles through which air from
spectively; the distinction depends on both the LFL and heat
the space or spaces to be heated or cooled is conducted back to
of combustion.
the supply unit (see also "Supply air system").
'I'mddty. Classes A and B signify refrigerants with "lower ROOM IHLEATER VENTED. A free-standing heating unit
toxicity" and "higher toxicity," respectively, based on pre-
burning solid or liquid fuel for direct heating of the space in and
scribed measures of chronic (long-term, repeated expo- adjacent to that in which the unit is located.
sures) toxicity.
SAFETY VAILVE. A valve that relieves pressure in a steam
REFRIGERATED ROOM OR SPACE. A room or space in boiler by opening fully at the rated discharge pressure. The
which an evaporator or brine coil is located for the purpose ofre- valve is of the spring-pop type.
ducing or controlling the temperature within the room or space
to below 68°F (20°C). SELFcCONTAIINED EQUIT1?MJEN1r. Complete, fac-
tory-assembled and tested, heating, air-conditioning or refriger-
JRJEFRIIGERATRNG SYSTEM. A combination of intercon- ation equipment installed as a single unit, and having all working
nected refrigerant-containing parts constituting one closed re- parts, complete with motive power, in an enclosed unit of said
frigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is circulated for the machinery.
purpose of extracting heat.
SHAFT. An enclosed space extending through one or more
REFRRGERATION CAPACRTY RATING. Expressed as 1 stories of a building, connecting vertical openings in succes-
horsepower (0.75 kW), 1 ton or 12,000 Btulh (3.5 kW), shall all sive floors, or floors and the roof.
mean the same quantity.
SHAFT ENCILOSURE. The walls or construction forming
REFRIGERATRON MAClHIiNERY ROOM. See "Machin- the boundaries of a shaft.
ery room."
SMOlKIE DAMPER. A listed device that is designed to resist
REFRIGlERATION SYSTIEM 9 ABSORPTiON. A heat- op- the passage of air and smoke. The device is arranged to operate
erated, closed-refrigeration cycle in which a secondary fluid automatically, controlled by a smoke detection system, and
(the absorbent) absorbs a primary fluid (the refrigerant) that when required, is capable of being positioned manually from a
has been vaporized in the evaporator. remote command station.
DUJI"ed system.. A system in which the evaporator is in direct SMOlKEcDEVEILOPJED liNDlEX. A numerical value as-
contact with the material or space refrigerated, or is located signed to a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
in air-circulating passages communicating with such
spaces. SOLID FUEIL (COOKING APl?LlCATTIONS). Applicable
to commercial food service operations only, solid fuel is any
JJ:mJlfrrect system. A system in which a brine coil cooled by bulk material such as hardwood, mesquite, charcoal or bri-
the refrigerant is circulated to the material or space refriger- quettes that is combusted to produce heat for cooking opera-
ated, or is utilized to cool the air so circulated. Indirect sys- tions.
tems are distinguished by the type or method of application.
SOURCE CAPTURE SYSTEM. A mechanical exhaust sys-
REFRlI:GERATliON SYSTEM CLASS][F][CA1fIION. Refrig- tem designed and constructed to capture air contaminants at
eration systems are classified according to the degree of proba- their source and to exhaust such contaminants to the outdoor
bility that leaked refrigerant from a failed connection, seal or atmosphere.
component will enter an occupied area. The distinction is based
on the basic design or location of the components. STATllONARY FUEL CELIL POWER PILANT. A self-con-I'·
tained package or factory-matched packages which constitute an .
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM 9 MEClHIANiCAL. A combi- automatically operated assembly of integrated systems for gen-:, ~,', :,'., ·','
nation of interconnected refrigeration-containing parts consti- erating useful electrical energy and recoverable thennal energy .~
tuting one closed refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant is that is permanently connected and fixed in place.
circulated for the purpose of extracting heat and in which a
compressor is used for compressing the refrigerant vapor. S1I'EAMcHEATJ[NG BOIILER. A boiler operated at pressures
not exceeding 15 psi 003 kPa) for steam.
REFRIGERA1I'RON SYSTEM 9 SEILFcCONTAlINlED. A
complete factory-assembled and tested system that is shipped STOP VALVE. A shutoff valve for controlling the flow ofliq-
in one or more sections and has no refrigerant-containing parts uid or gases.
that are joined in the field by other than companion or block STORY. That portion of a building included between the upper
valves. surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor next above,
except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building
REGISTERED DESIGN PROJFESSITONAIL. An individual
included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and
who is a registered architect (RA) in accordance with Article
the ceiling or roof above.
147 of the New York State Education Law or a licensed profes-
sional engineer (PE) in accordance with Article 145 of the New STRENGTH: 9 lUILTITMATJE. The highest stress level that the
York State Education Law. component will tolerate without rupture.
•
assemblage of specific materials or products that are designed, VENT. A pipe or other conduit composed of factory-made
tested and fire-resistance rated to resist for a prescribed period components, containing a passageway for conveying combus-
of time the spread of fue through penetrations. The F and T rat- tion products and air to the atmosphere, listed and labeled for
ing criteria for penetration firestop systems shall be in accor- use with a specific type or class of appliance.
dance with ASTM E 814. See definition of "F rating" and "T
rating." Pellet vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with listed pel-
let-fuel-burning appliances.
TLV-TWA(THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE-TIME-
Type L vent. A vent listed and labeled for use with the fol-
WEIGHTED AVERAGE). The time-weighted average con-
lowing:
centration of a refrigerant or other chemical in air for a normal
8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all 1. Oil-burning appliances that are listed for use with Type L
workers are repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse vents.
effects, as adopted by the American Conference of Govern- 2. Gas-fired appliances that are listed for use with Type B
ment Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). vents.
TOILET ROOM. A room containing a water closet and, fre- VJENT CONNECTOR. The pipe that connects an approved
quently, a lavatory, but not a bathtub, shower, spa or similar fuel-fued appliance to a vent.
bathing fixture.
VENT DAMPER DEVICE, AUTOMATIC. A device in-
TOXICITY CLASSIFICATION. Refrigerants shall be clas- tended for installation in the venting system, in the outlet of an
sified for toxicity to one of two classes in accordance with individual automatically operated fuel-burning appliance that
ASHRAE34: is designed to open the venting system automatically when the
CRass A. Refrigerants for which toxicity has not been identi- appliance is in operation and to close off the venting system au-
fied at concentrations less than or equal to 400 parts per mil- tomatically when the appliance is in a standby or shutdown
lion (ppm), based on data used to determine Threshold condition.
Limit Value-Time-Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) or con- VENTILATION. The natural or mechanical process of sup-
sistent indices. plying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such
Cnass B. Refrigerants for which there is evidence of toxicity air from, any space.
at concentrations below 400 ppm, based on data used to de- VENTILATION AIR. That portion of supply air that comes
termine TLV-TWA or consistent indices. from the outside (outdoors), plus any recirculated air that has
TRANSITION FITTINGS, PLASTIC TO STEEL. An been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a des-
adapter for joining plastic pipe to steel pipe. The purpose of this ignated space.
fitting is to provide a permanent, pressure-tight connection be- VENTING SYSTEM. A continuous open passageway from
tween two materials which cannot be joined directly one to an- the flue collar of an appliance to the outside atmosphere for the
other. purpose of removing flue or vent gases. A venting system is
ance with the flood-resistant construction requirements of fire-resistance-rated wall shall be permitted to be pro-
the Building Code of New York State. tected as follows:
[B] 301.13.1 High-velocity wave action. In flood hazard 1. In concrete or masonry walls where the pene-
areas subject to high-velocity wave action, mechanical sys- trating item is a maximum 6-inch (152 mm)
tems and equipment shall not be mounted on or penetrate nominal diameter and the opening is a maxi-
walls intended to break away under flood loads. mum 144 square inches (0.0929 m2), concrete,
301.14 Prohibited location. Mechanical systems shall not be grout or mortar shall be permitted where in-
located in an elevator shaft. stalled the full thickness of the wall or the thick-
ness required to maintain the fire-resistance
301.15 Rodentproofing. Buildings or structures and the walls rating; or
enclosing habitable or occupiable rooms and spaces in which 2. The material used to fill the annular space shall
persons live, sleep or work, or in which feed, food or foodstuffs prevent the passage of flame and hot gases suf-
are stored, prepared, processed, served or sold, shall be con- ficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to
structed to protect against the entrance of rodents in accor- ASTM E 119 time temperature fire conditions
dance with the Building Code of New York State. under a minimum positive pressure differential
301.16 Seismic resistance. When earthquake loads are appli- of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the location of
cable in accordance with the Building Code ofNew York State, the penetration for the time period equivalent to
mechanical system supports shall be designed and installed for the fire-resistance rating of the construction
the seismic forces in accordance with Section 1621 of the penetrated.
Building Code of New York State. [8] 302.2.2.1.1 Fire-resistance-rated assemblies.
Penetrations shall be installed as tested in an approved
fire-resistance-rated assembly.
SECTION 302
PROTECTION OF STRUCTURE [B] 302.2.2.1.2 Through-penetration firestop sys-
tem. Through penetrations shall be protected by an
302.1 Structural safety. The building or structure shall not be approved penetration firestop system installed as
weakened by the installation of mechanical systems. Where tested in accordance with ASTM E 814, with a mini-
floors, walls, ceilings or any other portion of the building or mum positive pressure differential of 0.01 inch (2.49
structure are required to be altered or replaced in the process of Pa) of water and shall have an F rating of not less than
installing or repairing any system, the building or structure the required fire-resistance rating of the wall pene-
shall be left in a safe structural condition in accordance with
trated.
Sections 302.2 through 302.3.
[8] 302.2.2.2 Ducts and air transfer openings. Pene-
302.2 Penetrations of floor/ceiling assembllies and tire-re-
trations of fire-resistance-rated walls by ducts and air
snstance-rated assemblies. Penetrations of floor/ceiling as-
transfer openings that are not protected with fire dampers
semblies and assemblies required to have a fire-resistance
shall comply with this section.
rating shall be protected in accordance with Sections 302.2.1
through 302.2.4. [B] 302.2.2.3 Dissnmilar materials. Noncombustible
penetrating items shall not connect to combustible items
[B] 302.2.1 Installation details. Where sleeves are used,
beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be demon-
they shall be securely fastened to the assembly penetrated.
strated that the fire-resistance integrity of the wall is
The space between the item contained in the sleeve and the
maintained.
sleeve itself and any space between the sleeve and the as-
sembly penetrated shall be protected in accordance with this [B] 302.2.3 Horizontall assemblies. Penetrations of a floor,
section. Insulation and coverings on or in the penetrating floor/ceiling assembly or the ceiling membrane of a
item shall not penetrate the assembly unless the specific ma- roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected in accordance with
terial used has been tested as part of the assembly in accor- Section 707 of the Building Code of New York State. Pene-
dance with this section. trations permitted by Exceptions 3 and 4 of Section 707.2 of
the Building Code ofNew York State shall comply with Sec-
[B] 302.2.2 Fire-resistance-rated walls. Penetrations into
tions 302.2.3.1 through 302.2.3.3 of this code.
or through fire walls, fire barriers, smoke barrier walls and
fire partitions shall comply with this section. [8] 302.2.3.1 Through penetrations. Through penetra-
[B] 302.2.2.1 Through penetrations. Through penetra- tions of fire-resistance-rated horizontal assemblies shall
tions of fire-resistance-rated walls shall comply with comply with Section 302.2.2.1.1 or 302.2.2.1.2.
Section 302.2.2.1.1 or 302.2.2.1.2. Exceptions:
Exceptions: Where the penetrating items are steel, 1. Penetrations by steel, ferrous or copper con-
ferrous or copper pipes or steel conduits, the annular duits, pipes, tubes, vents, concrete or masonry
space between the penetrating item and the through a single fire-resistance-rated floor as-
sembly where the annular space is protected prevent the free passage of flame and the prod-
with materials that prevent the passage of flame ucts of combustion. Such penetrations shall not
and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste exceed an aggregate area of 100 square inches
where subjected to ASTM E 119 time tempera- (64500 mm2 ) in any 100 square feet (9.3 m 2 ) of
ture fire conditions under a minimum positive ceiling area in assemblies tested without pene-
pressure differential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of trations.
water at the location of the penetration for the 2. Membrane penetrations by listed electrical out-
time period equivalent to the fire-resistance rat- let boxes of any material are permitted, pro-
ing of the construction penetrated. Penetrating vided such boxes have been tested for use in
items with a maximum 6-inch (152 mm) nomi- fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are in-
nal diameter shall not be limited to the penetra- stalled in accordance with the instructions in-
tion of a single fire-resistance-rated floor cluded in the listing.
assembly, provided that the area of the penetration
does not exceed 144 square inches (92 900 mm2) 3. The annular space created by the penetration of
a fire sprinkler, provided it is covered by a metal
in any 100 square feet (9.3 m 2) of floor area.
escutcheon plate.
2. Penetrations in a single concrete floor by steel,
ferrous or copper conduits, pipes, tubes and vents [B] 302.2.3.3 NO]J]fHlie-JreS]sftaIllCe-ll"ate{}l assembllJies.
with a maximum 6-inch (152 mm) nominal diam- Penetrations of horizontal assemblies without a required
eter, provided concrete, grout or mortar is in- fire-resistance rating shall meet the requirements of Sec-
stalled the full thickness of the floor or the tion 707 of the Building Code ofNew York State or shall
thickness required to maintain the fire-resistance comply with Sections 302.2.3.3.1 through 302.2.3.3.2 of
rating. The penetrating items with a maximum this code.
6-inch (152 mm) nominal diameter shall not be [JR] 302.2.3.3.11. NOIDlcomllnllstJible peImetliating items.
limited to the penetration of a single concrete Noncombustible penetrating items that connect not
floor, provided that the area of the penetration more than three stories are permitted, provided that
does not exceed 144 square inches (0.0929 m2). the annular space is filled with an approved
3. Electrical outlet boxes of any material are per- noncombustible material to resist the free passage of
mitted, provided that such boxes are tested for flame and the products of combustion.
use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies and in- [B] 302.2.3.3.2 PerruetJratfill1lg itemso Penetrating items
stalled in accordance with the tested assembly. that connect not more than two stories are permitted,
[B] 302.2.3J.. 1I. JFJill"e-ll"esJist2lIJ1lCe-liate~ assembllJies. provided that the annular space is filled with an ap-
Penetrations shall be installed as tested in the ap- proved material to resist the free passage of flame and
proved fire-resistance-rated assembly. the products of combustion.
[B] 302.2.3.11..2 1I'lhllii01lllg!lll-jplelJ1ldll"atJiolJ1l fnJrestop sys- [B] 302.203041 Duds an{}l aJiIt"' tJransjfell" iOpell1lJings. Pene-
tem. Through penetrations shall be protected by an
trations of horizontal assemblies by ducts and air transfer
approved through-penetration firestop system in- openings that are not required to have dampers shall
stalled and tested in accordance with ASTM E 814, comply with this section. Ducts and air transfer openings
with a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01 that are protected with dampers shall comply with Sec-
inch (2.49 Pa) of water. The system shall have an F rat- tion 716 of the Building Code ofNew York State.
ing and a T rating of not less than 1 hour but not less [JR] 30202.3.5 JI)Jissiminall" mateliRallso Noncombustible
than the required rating of the floor penetrated. penetrating items shall not connect to combustible mate-
rials beyond the point of firestopping unless it can be
lExceptJiolJ1l: Floor penetrations contained and lo-
demonstrated that the fire-resistance integrity of the hor-
cated within the cavity of a wall do not require a T
izontal assembly is maintained.
rating.
[B] 302.3 CUlttJiImg, lJ1lotdbllllJ1lg and bOll"iJl1lg JiIm wood! framJillJlgo
[B] 302.2.3.2 Memllu2lHlle pelJ1le1JratJiolJ1ls. Penetrations of The cutting, notching and boring of wood framing members shall
membranes that are part of a fire-resistance-rated hori- comply with Sections 302.3.1 through 302.3.3 and Appendix C.
zontal assembly shall comply with Section 302.2.3.1.1
or 302.2.3.1.2. Where floor/ceiling assemblies are re- DB] 302.3011. ,JORst IImtdnRImg. Notches on the ends of joists
quired to have a minimum I-hour fire-resistance rating, shall not exceed one-fourth the joist depth. Holes bored in
recessed fixtures shall be installed such that the required joists shall not be within 2 inches (51 mm) of the top or bot-
fire resistance will not be reduced. tom of the joist, and the diameter of any such hole shall not
exceed one-third the depth of the joist. Notches in the top or
Exceptions: bottom of joists shall not exceed one-sixth the depth and
1. Membrane penetrations by steel, ferrous or shall not be located in the middle third of the span.
copper conduits, electrical outlet boxes, pipes, [B] 302.3.2 Stud cuttill1lg and notchilll1lgo In exterior walls
tubes, vents, concrete or masonry-penetrating and bearing partitions, any wood stud is permitted to be cut
items where the annular space is protected ei- or notched not to exceed 25 percent of its depth. Cutting or
ther in accordance with Section 302.2.3.1 or to notching of studs not greater than 40 percent of their depth is
permitted in nonbearing partItIOns supporting no loads 303.2 Ha:l:ardoo.ls locatnons. Appliances shall not be located in
other than the weight of the partition. a hazardous location unless listed and approved for the specific
[B] 302.3.3 Bored holes. A hole not greater in diameter installation.
than 40 percent of the stud depth is permitted to be bored in 303.3 Prohibited locations. Fuel-fired appliances shall not be
any wood stud. Bored holes not greater than 60 percent of the located in, or obtain combustion air from, any of the following
depth of the stud are permitted in nonbearing partitions or in rooms or spaces:
any wall where each bored stud is doubled, provided not more
than two such successive doubled studs are so bored. In no case 1. Sleeping rooms
shall the edge of the bored hole be nearer than 0.625 inch (15.9
mm) to the edge of the stud. Bored holes shall not be located at 2. Bathrooms
the same section of stud as a cut or notch. 3. Toilet rooms
[B] 302.3.4 Engineered wood products. Cuts, notches and
I
4. Storage closets
holes bored in trusses, laminated veneer lumber, glue-lami-
nated members and I-joists are prohibited except where the 5. Surgical rooms
effects of such alterations are specifically considered in the
design of the member. Exception.: This section shall not apply to the following ap-
pliances:
302.4 [B] Alterations to trusses. Truss members and compo-
nents shall not be cut, notched, drilled, spliced or otherwise al- 1. Direct-vent appliances that obtain all combustion air
tered in any way without written concurrence and approval of a directly from the outdoors.
registered design professional. Alterations resulting in the ad- 2. Solid fuel-frred appliances, provided that the room is
dition of loads to any member (e.g., HVAC equipment, water not a confined space and the building is not of unusu-
heater) shall not be permitted without verification that the truss ally tight construction.
is capable of supporting such additional loading.
3. Appliances installed in a dedicated enclosure in
[lB] 302.5 Cutting, notching and boring in steel framing. which all combustion air is taken directly from the
The cutting, notching and boring of steel framing members outdoors, in accordance with Section 703. Access to
shall comply with Sections 302.5.1 through 302.5.3. such enclosure shall be through a solid door,
[B] 302.5.1 Cutting, notching and boring holes in struc a weather-stripped in accordance with the exterior door
tural steeH framing. The cutting, notching and boring of air leakage requirements of the Energy Conservation
holes in structural steel framing members shall be as pre- Construction Code of New York State and equipped
scribed by the registered design professional. with an approved self-closing device.
[B] 302.5.2 Cutting, notching and boring holes in 3llD3.4 Protection. from damage. Appliances shall not be in-
cold-formed steel framing. Flanges and lips of load-bear- stalled in a location where subject to mechanical damage un-
ing cold-formed steel framing members shall not be cut or less protected by approved barriers.
notched. Holes in webs of load-bearing cold-formed steel
framing members shall be permitted along the centerline of 3G3.5 Indoor locations. Fuel-frred furnaces and boilers in-
the web of the framing member and shall not exceed the di- stalled in closets and alcoves shall be listed for such installation.
mensional limitations, penetration spacing or minimum For purposes of this section, a closet or alcove shall be defined as
hole edge distance as prescribed by the registered design a room or space having a volume less than 12 times the total vol-
professional. Cutting, notching and boring holes of steel ume of fuel-frred appliances other than boilers and less than 16
floor/roof decking shall be as prescribed by the registered times the total volume of boilers. Room volume shall be com-
design professional. puted using the gross floor area and the actual ceiling height up
to a maximum computation height of 8 feet (2438 mm).
[B] 302.5.3 Cutting, notching and boring holes lin
nonstructural cold-formed steel wall framing. Flanges 303.6 OutdoOIr locations. Appliances installed in other than
and lips of nonstructural cold-formed steel wall studs shall indoor locations shall be listed and labeled for outdoor installa-
not be cut or notched. Holes in webs of nonstructural tion.
cold-formed steel wall studs shall be permitted along the
center-line of the web of the framing member, shall not ex- 303.7 Pit iocations. Appliances installed in pits or excavations
ceed 1.5 inches (38 mm) in width or 4 inches (102 mm) in shall not come in direct contact with the surrounding soil. The
length, and shall not be spaced less than 24 inches (610 mm) sides of the pit or excavation shall be held back a minimum of
center to center from another hole or less than 10 inches 12 inches (305 mm) from the appliance. Where the depth ex-
(254 mm) from the bearing end. ceeds 12 inches (305 mm) below adjoining grade, the walls of
the pit or excavation shall be lined with concrete or masonry.
Such concrete or masonry shall extend a minimum of 4 inches
SECTION 303 (102 mm) above adjoining grade and shall have sufficient lat-
EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCE LOCATION eral load-bearing capacity to resist collapse. The appliance
shall be protected from flooding in an approved manner.
303.1 General. Equipment and appliances shall be located as re-
quired by this section, specific requirements elsewhere in this [B] 303.8 Elevator sh.afts. Mechanical systems shall not be lo-
code and the conditions of the equipment and appliance listing. cated in an elevator shaft.
• SIEClrUON 3l~4
BNSfAllAfUON
304.1 Gelt1lerall. Equipment and appliances shall be installed as
required by the terms of their approval, in accordance with the
conditions of the listing, the manufacturer's installation instruc-
such locations, equipment and appliances having an igni-
tion source shall be located such that the source of ignition is
not less than 12 inches (228 mm) below the ceiling.
304.4t1.1 1I'wG G]jJleJnlRll1lgs. Two permanent openings, one
located entirely within 12 inches (305 mm) of the ceiling
tions and this code. Manufacturer's installation instructions shall of the garage, and one located entirely within 12 inches
be available on the job site at the time of inspection. (305 mm) of the floor of the garage, shall be provided in
304.2 C~mft1kts. Where conflicts between this code and the the same exterior wall. The openings shall communicate
conditions of listing or the manufacturer's installation instruc- directly, or by ducts, with the outdoors. Each opening shall
tions occur, the provisions of this code shall apply. directly communicate with the outdoors horizontally, and
have a minimum free area of 1h square foot per 1,000 cubic
ExceptnGIt1l: Where a code provision is less restrictive than feet (1641 mm2/m 3) of garage volume.
the conditions of the listing of the equipment or appliance or
the manufacturer's installation instructions, the conditions 3041.4.1.2 LGUllVerS ~ll1lrll gJrmes. In calculating free area
ofthe listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions required by Section 304.4.1, the required size of open-
shall apply. ings shall be based on the net free area of each opening.
If the free area through a design of louver or grille is
304.3 Eiev~tnollJl of ngrrniitfiGIlJl SGUllJrce. Equipment and appliances known, it shall be used in calculating the size opening
having an ignition source and located in hazardous locations and required to provide the free area specified. If the design
public garages, private garages, repair garages, automotive mo- and free area are not known, it shall be assumed that
tor-fuel-dispensing facilities and parking garages shall be elevated wood louvers will have 25 percent free area and metal
such that the source ofignition is not less than 18 inches (457 mm) louvers and grilles will have 75 percent free area. Lou-
above the floor surface on which the equipment or appliance rests. vers and grilles shall be fixed in the open position.
Such equipment and appliances shall not be installed in Group H
occupancies or control areas where open use, handling or dispens- 304.41.2 Mecllu~lI1dicall vellJltHathm. Indoor locations in-
ing of combustible, flammable or explosive materials occurs. For tended for hydrogen generating or refueling operations
shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 502.16.
•
the purpose of this section, rooms or spaces that are not part of the
living space of a dwelling unit and that communicate directly with 3041.41.3 Sped~lllly engill1leeJr'erli iillJlstan~tnGllJls. As an alterna-
a private garage through openings shall be considered to be part of tive to the provisions of Sections 304.4.1 and 304.4.2 the nec-
the private garage. essary supply of air for ventilation and dilution of flammable
304.41 Hyrllrogelt1l gellJleJr~dnllJlg ~llJlrll JreflJ].ellnllJlg opeJratnollJls. Ven- gases shall be provided by an approved engineered system.
tilation shall be required in accordance with Section 304.4.1, 3041.5 lPUlllhHk gaJr~ges. Appliances located in public garages,
I' 304.4.2 or 304.4.3 in public garages, private garages, repair ga- motor fuel-dispensing facilities, repair garages or other areas
t' rages, automotive motor-fuel-dispensing facilities and parking frequented by motor vehicles, shall be installed a minimum of
garages which contain hydrogen generating appliances or refu- 8 feet (2438 mm) above the floor. Where motor vehicles ex-
eling systems. Such spaces shall be used for the storage of not ceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in height and are capable of passing un-
f more than three hydrogen-fueled passenger motor vehicles and der an appliance, appliances shall be installed a minimum of 2
.~ have a floor area not exceeding 850 square feet (79 square me- feet (610 mm) higher above the floor than the height of the
f ters). The maximum rated output capacity of hydrogen gener- tallest vehicle.
~ ating appliances shall not exceed 4 SCFM of hydrogen for each
250 square feet (23.2 square meters) of floor area in such IExCejpltiiOlI1l: The requirements of this section shall not apply
spaces. Such equipment and appliances shall not be installed in where the appliances are protected from motor vehicle impact
't
:'. Group H occupancies except where the occupancy is specifi- and installed in accordance with Section 304.3 and NFPA 88B.
cally designed for hydrogen use, or in control areas where 304.6lPJrnv~!e g~Jr~ge§. Appliances located in private garages
open-use, handling or dispensing of combustible, flammable and carports shall be installed with a minimum clearance of 6
or explosive materials occurs. For the purpose of this section, feet (1829 mm) above the floor.
rooms or spaces that are not part of the living space of a dwelling
IExcejpUGIlJl: The requirements of this section shall not ap-
unit and that communicate directly with a private garage through
ply where the appliances are protected from motor vehicle
openings shall be considered to be part of the private garage.
impact and installed in accordance with Section 304.3.
304.41.1 NatlUlnllll vell1ltiRatnmll. Indoor locations intended for
304.1 COll1ls!It"UlldnollJl alI'D.rlI jplt"iDtednGIl1l. Boiler rooms and fur-
hydrogen generating or refueling operations shall commu-
nace rooms shall be protected as required by the Building
nicate with the outdoors in accordance with Sections
Code of New York State.
304.4.1.1 and 304.4.1.2. The minimum dimension of air
3041.8 Clle~Jr'mllces tiD ciDmlbll!Hs!nblle C([)Jl1lstJr'lJ].ctnmll. Heat-pro-
•
openings shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm). Where
ducts are used, they shall be of the same cross-sectional area ducing equipment and appliances shall be installed to main-
as the free area of the openings to which they connect. In tain the required clearances to combustible construction as
with the equipment or appliance manufacturer's installa- pliance is capable of being serviced and removed through
tion instructions. the required opening.
306.2 AppUhmces firm It"ooms. Rooms containing appliances re- 306.4U. lEllectJr'llcall JreqlillHremermts. A lighting fixture con-
quiring access shall be provided with a door and an unobstructed trolled by a switch located at the required passageway open-
passageway measuring not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide ing and a receptacle outlet shall be provided at or near the
and 80 inches (2032 mm) high. appliance location in accordance with Chapter 27 of the
ExceptiolI1l~ Within a dwelling unit, appliances installed in a
Building Code of New York State.
compartment, alcove, basement or similar space shall be ac- 306.5 JEqlllipmermt alt1ldlapplliaIllces OII1l It"oojfs OIt" eDevated stn.llll'>
cessed by an opening or door and an unobstructed passage- tUlJreso Where equipment and appliances requiring access are
way measuring not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide and installed on roofs or elevated structures at a height exceeding
large enough to allow removal of the largest appliance in the 16 feet (4877 mm), such access shall be provided by a perma-
space, provided that a level service space of not less than 30 nent approved means of access, the extent of which shall be
inches (762 mm) deep and the height of the appliance, but from grade or floor level to the equipment and appliances' level
not less than 30 inches (762 mm), is present at the front or service space. Such access shall not require climbing over ob-
service side of the appliance with the door open. structions greater than 30 inches (762 mm) high or walking on
306.3 AppnllaJlllces firm attics. Attics containing appliances re- roofs having a slope greater than 4 units vertical in 12 units hor-
quiring access shall be provided with an opening and unob- izontal (33-percent slope).
structed passageway large enough to allow removal of the Permanent exterior ladders installed to provide the required
largest appliance. The passageway shall not be less than 30 access shall comply with the following minimum design crite-
inches (762 mm) high and 22 inches (559 mm) wide and not ria:
more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length measured along the cen- 1. The side railing shall extend above the parapet or roof
terline of the passageway from the opening to the appliance. edge not less than 30 inches (762 mm).
The passageway shall have continuous solid flooring not less
than 24 inches (610 mm) wide. A level service space not less 2. Ladders shall have rung spacing not to exceed 14 inches .
than 30 inches (762 mm) deep and 30 inches (762 mm) wide (356 mm) on center. ~;
shall be present at the front or service side of the appliance. The 3. Ladders shall have a toe spacing not less than 6 inches
clear access opening dimensions shall be a minimum of 20 052 mm) deep.
inches by 30 inches (508 mm by 762 mm), where such dimen- 4. There shall be a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) be-
sions are large enough to allow removal of the largest appli- tween rails.
ance.
5. Rungs shall have a minimum 0.75-inch 09 mm) diame-
ExceptllOH1l.: The passageway and level service space are not ter and be capable of withstanding a 300-pound (136.1
required where the appliance is capable of being serviced kg) load.
and removed through the required opening. 6. Ladders over 30 feet (9144 mm) in height shall be pro-
306.3.]. ERectJ!"D.call J!"eqlillD.!remeH1l.t§o A lighting fixture con- vided with offset sections and landings capable of with-
trolled by a switch located at the required passageway open- standing 100 pounds (488.2 kg/m 2 ) per square foot.
ing and a receptacle outlet shall be provided at or near the 7. Ladders shall be protected against corrosion by approved
appliance location in accordance with Chapter 27 of the means.
Building Code ofNew York State.
Catwalks installed to provide the required access shall be not
306.4 Appllhmces lillrmdleJ!" floorso Underfloor spaces containing less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide and shall have railings as re-
appliances requiring access shall be provided with an access quired for service platforms.
opening and unobstructed passageway large enough to remove
lExceIPtioJl1l~ This section shall not apply to Group R-3 occu-
the largest appliance. The passageway shall not be less than 30
inches (762 mm) high and 22 inches (559 mm) wide, nor more pancies.
than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length measured along the centerline 306.6 SUopedl Jroojfso Where appliances are installed on a roof
of the passageway from the opening to the appliance. A level having a slope of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal
service space not less than 30 inches (762 mm) deep and 30 (25-percent slope) or greater and having an edge more than 30
inches (762 mm) wide shall be present at the front or service inches (762 mm) above grade at such edge, a level platform
side of the appliance. If the depth of the passageway or the ser- shall be provided on each side of the appliance to which access
vice space exceeds 12 inches (305 mm) below the adjoining is required by the manufacturer's installation instructions for
grade, the walls of the passageway shall be lined with concrete service, repair or maintenance. The platform shall not be less
or masonry. Such concrete or masonry shall extend a minimum than 30 inches (762 mm) in any dimension and shall be pro-
of 4 inches 002 mm) above the adjoining grade and shall have vided with guards in accordance with Section 304.10.
sufficient lateral-bearing capacity to resist collapse. The clear
access opening dimensions shall be a minimum of 22 inches by
30 inches (559 mm by 762 mm), where such dimensions are SECT~ON 301
large enough to allow removal of the largest appliance. CONDENSATE DISPOSAL
Exceptfimll: The passageway is not required where the level 3070Jl Fllllell llnurmlll!1lg appHalllceso Liquid combustion
a
service space is present when the access is open and the ap- by-products of condensing appliances shall be collected and
discharged to an approved plumbing fixture or disposal area in shall connect to the drain pan at a higher level than the
accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. primary drain connection.
Condensate piping shall be of approved corrosion-resistant 3. An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain line
material and shall not be smaller than the drain connection on shall be provided under the coils on which condensate
the appliance. Such piping shall maintain a minimum horizon- will occur. Such pan shall be equipped with a wa-
tal slope in the direction of discharge of not less than ter-level detection device that will shut off the equip-
one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (I-percent ment served prior to overflow of the pan. The
slope). auxiliary drain pan shall be constructed in accordance
307.2 Evaporators and cooling coils. Condensate drain sys- with Item 1 of this section.
tems shall be provided for equipment and appliances containing 307.2.4 Traps. Condensate drains shall be trapped as re-
evaporators or cooling coils. Condensate drain systems shall be quired by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.
designed, constructed and installed in accordance with Sections
307.2.1 through 307.2.4.
307.2.1 Condensate disposal. Condensate from all cooling SECTION 308
coils and evaporators shall be conveyed from the drain pan CLEARANCE REDUCTION
outlet to an approved place of disposal. Condensate shall not 308.1 Scope. This section shall govern the reduction in re-
discharge into a street, alley or other areas so as to cause a quired clearances to combustible materials and combustible as-
nuisance. semblies for chimneys, vents, kitchen exhaust equipment,
307.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes. Components of the mechanical appliances, and mechanical devices and equip-
condensate disposal system shall be cast iron, galvanized steel, ment.
copper, cross-linked polyethylene, polyethylene, ABS, CPVC 308.2 Listed appliances and equipment. The reduction of the
or PVC pipe or tubing. All components shall be selected for the required clearances to combustibles for listed and labeled ap-
pressure and temperature rating of the installation. Condensate pliances and equipment shall be in accordance with the require-
waste and drain line size shall be not less than 3/4-inch (19 mm) ments of this section except that such clearances shall not be
internal diameter and shall not decrease in size from the drain reduced where reduction is specifically prohibited by the terms
pan connection to the place of condensate disposal. Where the of the appliance or equipment listing.
drain pipes from more than one unit are manifolded together
308.3 Protective assembly construction and installation.
for condensate drainage, the pipe or tubing shall be sized in ac-
Reduced clearance protective assemblies, including structural
cordance with an approved method. All horizontal sections of
and support elements, shall be constructed of noncombustible
drain piping shall be installed in uniform alignment at a uni-
materials. Spacers utilized to maintain an airspace between the
form slope. '
protective assembly and the protected material or assembly
307.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain. systems. In addi- shall be noncombustible. Where a space between the protective
tion to the requirements of Section 307.2.1, a secondary assembly and protected combustible material or assembly is
drain or auxiliary drain pan shall be required for each cool- specified, the same space shall be provided around the edges of
I ing or evaporator coil where structural damage to any build- the protective assembly and the spacers shall be placed so as to
ing components will occur as a result of overflow from the allow air circulation by convection in such space. Protective as-
equipment drain pan or stoppage in the condensate drain semblies shall not be placed less than 1 inch (25 mm) from the
piping. One of the following methods shall be used: mechanical appliances, devices or equipment, regardless of the
allowable reduced clearance.
1. An auxiliary drain pan with a separate drain shall be
provided under the coils on which condensation will 308.4 AUowablle reduction.. The reduction of required clear-
occur. The auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a ances to combustible assemblies or combustible materials shall
conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in the be based on the utilization of a reduced clearance protective as-
event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The pan shall sembly in accordance with Section 308.5 or 308.6.
have a minimum depth of 1.5 inches (38 mm), shall
308.5 Labeled assemblies. The allowable clearance reduction
not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) larger than the unit
shall be based on an approved reduced clearance protective as-
or the coil dimensions in width and length and shall be
sembly that has been tested and bears the label of an approved
constructed of corrosion-resistant material. Metallic agency.
pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less than
0.0276-inch (0.7 mm) galvanized sheet metal. Non- 308.6 Reductiolll table. The allowable clearance reduction shall
metallic pans shall have a minimum thickness of not be based on one of the methods specified in Table 308.6. Where
less than 0.0625 inch (1.6 mm). required clearances are not listed in Table 308.6, the reduced
2. A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to clearances shall be determined by linear interpolation between
the drain pan provided with the equipment. Such the distances listed in the table. Reduced clearances shall not be
overflow drain shall discharge to a conspicuous point derived by extrapolation below the range of the table.
of disposal to alert occupants in the event of a stop- 308.7 Solidi fuelallmming appliances. The clearance reduction
page of the primary drain. The overflow drain line methods specified in Table 308.6 shall not be utilized to reduce
the clearance required for solid fuel-burning appliances that are [B] SECIl~O~ 30)~
labeled for installation with clearances of 12 inches (305 mm) IlEMfPlERATURtE CONll!ROl
or less. Where appliances are labeled for installation with clear- [B] 3QJJ9.:ll. §p21~e~llneatirrng sys1ems. Interior spaces intended for
ances of greater than 12 inches (305 mm), the clearance human occupancy shall be provided with active or passive
reduction methods of Table 308.6 shall not reduce the clear- space-heating systems capable of maintaining a minimum in-
ance to less than 12 inches (305 mm). door temperature of 68°P (20DC) at a point 3 feet (914 mm)
3ij8J~ M~s(())rrnIrY ~Ihlnmrrneys.
The clearance reduction methods ablove floohr on the dhesil'gn hebating dda y. Thh~ installatio1~ of po~ah- ~•." .,I
specified in Table 308.6 shall not be utilized to reduce the clear- b e space eaters s a i not e use to ac leve comp lance WIt .•
ances required for masonry chimneys as specified in Chapter 8 this section.
and the Building Code of New York State. IEJ,(~eJPltnorrn~ Interior spaces where the primary purpose is
308.9 CIhlnmrrney ~(())rrnrrnedm.· JPl~ss~tIhlIroungIhls. The clearance re- not associated with human comfort.
duction methods specified in Table 308.6 shall not be utilized
to reduce the clearances required for chimney connector
pass-throughs as specified in Section 803.10.4. [f] SIECIl~ON 3~(Q)
[E}{~lOS~ON CON1r~Ol
308.:ll.0 M~s(())rrnIrY fnIreJPln~~es. The clearance reduction methods
specified in Table 308.6 shall not be utilized to reduce the clear- [IF]3:ll.0.:ll. RequnnIreirll. Structures occupied for purposes involv-
ances required for masonry fireplaces as specified in Chapter 8 ing explosion hazards shall be provided with explosion venting
and the Building Code of New York State. where required by Section 911 of the Fire Code of New York
State. Explosion venting systems shall be designed and in-
308.:ll.:ll. IKJit~Ihlerrn exIhl~unst dunds. The clearance reduction meth- stalled in accordance with Section 911 of the Fire Code ofNew
ods specified in Table 308.6 shall not be utilized to reduce the York State.
minimum clearances required by Section 506.3.10 for kitchen
exhaust ducts enclosed in a shaft.
23
GENERAL REGULATIONS
[F] SECTION 311 ment shall be determined in accordance with the procedures
SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS described in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. Heat-
[F]3:U.l Required. Approved smoke and heat vents shall be ing and cooling loads shall be adjusted to account for load re-
installed in the roofs of one-story buildings where required by ductions that are achieved when energy recovery systems are
Section 910 of the Fire Code of New York State. Smoke and utilized in the HVAC system in accordance with the ASHRAE
heat vents shall be designed and installed in accordance with Handbook - HVAC Systems and Equipment. Alternatively, de-
Section 910 of the Fire Code ofNew York State. sign loads shall be determined by an approved equivalent com-
putation procedure, using the design parameters specified in
Chapter 3 of the Energy Conservation Construction Code of
SECTION 312 New York State.
HEATING AND COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
312.1 Load calculations. Heating and cooling system design
loads for the purpose of sizing systems, appliances and equip-
VENT~lATION
2. Where such equipment and ductwork is located within the MiNIMUM AND MAXIMUM OPENING
SiZES iN lOUVERS, GRillES AND
exit enclosure, the intake air shall be taken directly from SCREENS MEASURED IN ANV
the outdoors and the exhaust air shall be discharged di- OUTDOOR OPENiNG TYPE DIRECTION
rectly to the outdoors, or such air shall be conveyed Not < 1/4 inch and not> 1/ inch
Exhaust openings 2
through ducts enclosed in construction as required by the
Building Code ofNew York State for shafts. Intake openings in residential Not < 1/4 inch and not> 1/ inch
2
occupancies
3. Where located within the building, such equipment and
ductwork shall be separated from the remainder of the Intake openings in other than > 1/ inch and not> 1 inch
4
building, including other mechanical equipment, with residential occupancies
construction as required by the Building Code ofNew York = 25.4 IDID.
For SI: 1 inch
State for shafts.
401.1 Cmltamnnall1lt SOUlllI"Ces. Stationary local sources produc-
In each case, openings into fire-resistance-rated construc- ing air-borne particulates, heat, odors, fumes, spray, vapors,
tion shall be limited to those needed for maintenance and oper- smoke or gases in such quantities as to be irritating or injurious
ation and shall be protected by self-closing fire- to health shall be provided with an exhaust system in accor-
resistance-rated devices in accordance with the Building Code dance with Chapter 5 or a means of collection and removal of
of New York State for enclosure wall opening protectives. the contaminants. Such exhaust shall discharge directly to an
Exit enclosure ventilation systems shall be independent of approved location at the exterior of the building.
other building ventilation systems.
401.5 Opening RocatiiOn. Outdoor air exhaust and intake open-
ings shall be located a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot [8] SlECTION 402
NATURAL VENT~lA1i~ON
~
lines or buildings on the same lot. Where openings front on a
street or public way, the distance shall be measured to the cen- 402.1 NatIDIraH veHlltiHation. Natural ventilation of an occupied
terline of the street or public way. space shall be through windows, doors, louvers or other open-
ings to the outdoors. The operating mechanism for such open-
ExceptiiOll1l: Group R-3.
ings shall be provided with ready access so that the openings
401.5,]. Intake opemngs. Mechanical and gravity outdoor are readily controllable by the building occupants.
air intake openings, shall be located a minimum of 10 feet
402.2 VerrntJilatnoll1l area req1lJlirerll. The minimum openable area
(3048 mm) from any hazardous or noxious contaminant such
to the outdoors shall be 4 percent of the floor area being venti-
as vents, chimneys, plumbing vents, streets, alleys, parking
lated.
lots and loading docks, except as otherwise specified in this
code. Where a source ofcontaminant is located within 10 feet 402.3 Adjoinirrug spaces. Where rooms and spaces without
(3048 mm) of an intake opening, such opening shall be lo- openings to the outdoors are ventilated through an adjoining
cated a minimum of 2 feet (610 mm) below the contaminant room, the opening to the adjoining rooms shall be unobstructed
source. and shall have an area not less than 8 percent of the floor area of
the interior room or space, but not less than 25 square feet (2.3 baths, toilet rooms, elevators and smoking lounges. The
m2). The minimum openable area to the outdoors shall be based amount of transfer air and exhaust air shall be sufficient to
on the total floor area being ventilated. provide the flow rates as specified in Sections 403.3 and
403.3.1. The required outdoor air rates specified in Table
Exception: Exterior openings required for ventilation shall
403.3 shall be introduced directly into such spaces or into the
be permitted to open into a thermally isolated sunroom ad-
occupied spaces from which air is transferred or a combina-
dition or patio cover, provided that the openable area be-
tion of both.
tween the sunroom addition or patio cover and the interior
room shall have an area of not less than 8 percent of the floor 403.3 Ventilation rate. Ventilation systems shall be designed
area of the interior room or space, but not less than 20 square to have the capacity to supply the minimum outdoor airflow
feet (1.86 m\ The minimum openable area to the outdoors rate determined in accordance with Table 403.3 based on the
shall be based on the total floor area being ventilated. occupancy of the space and the occupant load or other parame-
402.4 Openings below grade. Where openings below grade ter as stated therein. The occupant load utilized for design of
provide required natural ventilation, the outside horizontal clear the ventilation system shall not be less than the number deter-
space measured perpendicular to the opening shall be one and mined from the estimated maximum occupant load rate indi-
one-half times the depth of the opening. The depth of the open- cated in Table 403.3. Ventilation rates for occupancies not
ing shall be measured from the average adjoining ground level to represented in Table 403.3 shall be determined by an approved
the bottom of the opening. engineering analysis. The ventilation system shall be designed
to supply the required rate of ventilation air continuously dur-
ing the period the building is occupied, except as otherwise
stated in other provisions of the code.
SECTION 403
MECHANICAL VENTILATION Exception: The occupant load is not required to be deter-
403.1 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be pro- mined, based on the estimated maximum occupant load rate
vided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air. The indicated in Table 403.3 where approved statistical data
amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the document the accuracy of an alternate anticipated occupant
amount of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be pro- density.
hibited from producing negative or positive pressure. The sys- 403.3.1. System operation. The minimum flow rate of out-
tem to convey ventilation air shall be designed and installed in door air that the ventilation system must be capable of sup-
accordance with Chapter 6. plying during its operation shall be permitted to be based on
Ventilation supply systems shall be designed to deliver the the rate per person indicated in Table 403.3 and the actual
required rate of supply air to the occupied zone within an occu- number of occupants present.
pied space. The occupied zone shall have boundaries measured 403.3.2 Common. ventilation. system. Where spaces hav-
at 3 inches (76 mm) and 72 inches (1829 mm) above the floor ing different ventilation rate requirements are served by a
and 24 inches (610 mm) from the enclosing walls. common ventilation system, the ratio of outdoor air to total
403.2 Outdoor air required. The minimum ventilation rate of supply air for the system shall be determined based on the
required outdoor air shall be determined in accordance with space having the largest outdoor air requirement or shall be
Section 403.3. determined in accordance with the following formula:
403.2.1 Recirculation of air. The air required by Section X
403.3 shall not be recirculated. Air in excess of that required
Y = (1 + X - z) (Equation 4-1)
by Section 403.3 shall not be prohibited from being
recirculated as a component of supply air to building spaces, where
except that: Y = VO,/VSI = Corrected fraction of outdoor air in system
1. Ventilation air shall not be recirculated from one supply.
dwelling unit to another or to dissimilar occupancies. X = VonlVsl = Uncorrected fraction
of outdoor air in sys-
2. Supply air to a swimming pool and associated deck tem supply.
areas shall not be recirculated unless such air is dehu- Z = Voc IVsc = Fraction of outdoor air in critical space. The
midified to maintain the relative humidity of the area critical space is that space with the greatest
at 60 percent or less. Air from this area shall not be required fraction of outdoor air in the supply
recirculated to other spaces. to this space.
3. Where mechanical exhaust is required by Table VOl = Corrected total outdoor airflow rate.
403.3, recirculation of air from such spaces shall be
VSI = Total supply flow rate, i.e., the sum of all supply for
prohibited. All air supplied to such spaces shall be ex-
all branches of the system.
hausted, including any air in excess of that required
by Table 403.3. Von = Sum of outdoor airflow rates for all branches on sys-
tem.
403.2.2 Transfer air. Except where recirculation from such
spaces is prohibited by Table 403.3, air transferred from oc- Voc = Outdoor airflow rate required in critical spaces.
cupied spaces is not prohibited from serving as makeup air Vsc = Supply flow rate in critical space.
for required exhaust systems in such spaces as kitchens,
~
Locker rooms - 0.5 cfm/fe
Dining rooms 70 20 Shower room - 50cfm
Kitchens (cooking)r,g 20 15 (per shower head)b,g intermittent or 20
Hospitalls, H1I.ursBl1lg andl cfm continuous
cOJrlvanesceH1l.t homes Smoking loungesb,g 70 60
b Toilet roomsb,g - 75 cfm per water
Autopsy rooms - 0.50 cfm/fe
Medical procedure rooms 20 15 closet or urinal
Operating rooms 20 30 Retain stores, sales J1'iIOOIrS all1l.d!
Patient rooms 10 25 showroom floors
Physical therapy 20 15 Basement and street - 0.30 cfm/fe
Recovery and lCU 20 15 Dressing rooms 2
- 0.20 cfm/ft
Hotels, motens, resorts amll Malls and arcades - 0.20 cfm/fe
dlormitories Shipping and receiving - 0.15 cfm/fe
Assembly rooms 120 15 Smoking loungesb 70 60
Bathroomsb,g - 35 cfm per room Storage rooms - 0.15 cfm/fe
Bedrooms - 30 cfm per room Upper floors - 0.20 cfm/fe
Conference rooms 50 20 Warehouses - 0.05 cfm/fe
Dormitory sleeping areas 20 15 Specianty shops
Gambling casinos 120 30 Automotive motor-
Living rooms - 30 cfm per room fuel-dispensing stations - 1.5 cfm/fe
Lobbies 30 15 Barber 25 15
Offices Beauty 25 25
Conference rooms 50 20 Clothiers, furniture - 0.30 cfm/fe
Office spaces 7 20 Florists 8 15
Reception areas 15 Hardware, drugs, fabrics 8 15
60
Telecommunication centers Nail salon b - 25 0
and data entry 20 Pet shops - 1.00 cfm/fe
60
Reducing salons 20 15
(continued) Supermarkets 8 15
(continued)
per minute per square foot (cfrn/ft2 ) [0.00508 m 3/(s. m2 )] of Code ofNew York State for handling flammable vapors. Ex-
floor area of the room. plosion venting is not required.
[F] 502.5.3 Hydrogen limit in cabinets. The ventilation [F] 502.7.3 Spraying areas. Mechanical ventilation of
system shall be designed to limit the maximum concentra- spraying areas shall be provided in accordance with Sec-
tion of hydrogen to 1.0 percent of the total volume of the tions 502.7.3.1 through 502.7.3.7.
cabinet during the worst-case event of simultaneous boost
charging of all batteries in the cabinet. [F] 502.7.3.1 Operation. Mechanical ventilation shall
be kept in operation at all times while spraying opera-
[F] 502.5.4 Ventilation rate in cabinets. Continuous venti-
tions are being conducted and for a sufficient time there-
lation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot
after to allow vapors from drying coated articles and
per minute per square foot (cfrn/ft2 ) [0.00508 m 3/(s. m 2 )] of
finishing material residue to be exhausted. Spraying
the floor area covered by the cabinet. The room in which the
equipment shall be interlocked with the ventilation of the
cabinet is installed shall also be ventilated as required by
spraying area such that spraying operations cannot be
Section 502.5.1 or 502.5.2.
conducted unless the ventilation system is in operation.
[F] 502.6 Dry cleaning plants. Ventilation in dry cleaning
plants shall be adequate to protect employees and the public in [F] 502.7.3.2 Recirculation. Air exhausted from spray-
accordance with this section and DOL 29 CFR Part 1910.1000, ing operations shall not be recirculated.
where applicable. Exceptions:
[F] 502.6,]. Type II systems. Type II dry cleaning systems 1. Air exhausted from spraying operations shall
shall be provided with a mechanical ventilation system that be permitted to be recirculated as makeup air
is designed to exhaust 1 cubic foot of air per minute for each for unmanned spray operations, provided that:
square foot of floor area (1 cfrn/ft2 ) [0.00508 m 3/(s . m 2 )] in
dry cleaning rooms and in drying rooms. The ventilation 1.1. Solid particulate has been removed.
system shall operate automatically when the dry cleaning 1.2. The vapor concentration is less than 25
equipment is in operation and shall have manual controls at percent of the lower flammable limit
an approved location. (LFL).
[F] 502.6.2 Type IV and V systems. Type IV and V dry 1.3. Approved equipment is used to monitor
cleaning systems shall be provided with an automatically the vapor concentration.
activated exhaust ventilation system to maintain a minimum 1.4. An alarm is sounded and spray opera-
of 100 feet per minute (0.5 rn/s) air velocity through the tions are automatically shut down if the
loading door when the door is opened. vapor concentration exceeds 25 percent
Exception: Dry cleaning units are not required to be pro- of the LFL.
vided with exhaust ventilation where an exhaust hood is 1.5. The spray booths, spray spaces or spray
installed immediately outside of and above the loading rooms involved in any recirculation
door which operates at an airflow rate as follows: process shall be provided with mechan-
ical ventilation that shall automatically
Q = 100 xA w (Equation 5-1)
exhaust 100 percent of the required air
where: volume in the event of shutdown by ap-
Q = Flow rate exhausted through the hood, cubic feet proved equipment used to monitor va-
per minute. por concentrations.
Aw = Area of the loading door, square feet. 2. Air exhausted from spraying operations shall
be permitted to be recirculated as makeup air to
[F] 502.6.3 Spotting and pretreating. Scrubbing tubs, manned spraying operations if all of the condi-
scouring, brushing or spotting operations shall be located tions provided in Exception 1 are included in
such that solvent vapors are captured and exhausted by the the installation and documents have been pre-
ventilating system. pared to show that the installation does not pres-
[F] 502.7 Application of flammable finishes. Mechanical ex- ent life safety hazards to personnel inside the
haust as required by this section shall be provided for opera- spray booth, spray space or spray room.
tions involving the application of flammable finishes. [F] 502.7.3.3 Air velocity. Ventilation systems shall be
[F] 502.7.1 During construction. Ventilation shall be pro- designed, installed and maintained such that the average
vided for operations involving the application of materials air velocity over the open face of the booth, or booth
containing flammable solvents in the course of construc- cross section in the direction of airflow during spraying
tion, alteration or demolition of a structure. operations, is not less than 100 feet per minute (0.51
rn/s).
[F] 502.7.2 Limited spraying spaces. Positive mechanical
ventilation which provides a minimum of six complete air [F] 502.7.3.4 Ventilation obstruction. Articles being
changes per hour shall be installed in limited spraying sprayed shall be positioned in a manner that does not ob-
spaces. Such system shall meet the requirements of the Fire struct collection of overspray.
[JF] 502.1.3.5 JIlIullepelllldelI1l.t duds. Each spray booth and Required ventilation systems shall be so arranged that the
spray room shall have an independent exhaust duct sys- failure of any ventilating fan will automatically stop the dip-
tem discharging to the outdoors. ping conveyor system.
lExceptiolIl\s: [F] 502.I.S lEllectrr-ostatk apparatulls. The spraying area in
1. Multiple spray booths having a combined fron- spray-finishing operations involving electrostatic apparatus
2
tal area of 18 square feet (1.67 m ) or less are al- and devices shall be ventilated in accordance with Section
lowed to have a common exhaust where 502.7.3.
identical spray-finishing material is used in [F] S02.1.6 Powder coating. Exhaust ventilation for pow-
each booth. If more than one fan serves one der-coating operations shall be sufficient to maintain the at-
booth, such fans shall be interconnected so that mosphere below one-half of the minimum explosive
all fans operate simultaneously. concentration for the material being applied. Nondeposited,
2. Where treatment of exhaust is necessary for air air-suspended powders shall be removed through exhaust
pollution control or energy conservation, ducts ducts to the powder recovery cyclone or receptacle.
shall be allowed to be manifolded if all of the
following conditions are met: [F] S1[)2.I.I lFloorr- rr-esurll'adng operatiolIl\s. To prevent the
accumulation of flammable vapors during floor resurfacing
2.1. The sprayed materials used are compat- operations, mechanical ventilation at a minimum rate of 1
ible and will not react or cause ignition cfmlft2 [0.00508 m3/(s . m2 )] of area being finished shall be
of the residue in the ducts. provided. Such exhaust shall be by approved temporary or
2.2. Nitrocellulose-based finishing material portable means. Vapors shall be exhausted to the exterior of
shall not be used. the building.
2.3. A filtering system shall be provided to [F] 502.8 Hazardo1Uls materiais-generall requirements. Ex-
reduce the amount of overspray carried haust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous
into the duct manifold. materials shall be provided as required in Sections 502.8.1
2.4. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be through 502.8.5.
provided at the junction of each booth
[F] S02.8J. Storage in excess I[)jf the maximum allowalblle
exhaust with the manifold, in addition to
qllllantities. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings for
the protection required by this chapter. hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum al-
[F] 502.1.3.6 TermiJIllation point. The termination point lowable quantity per control area shall be provided with me-
for exhaust ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall be chanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation where
located with the following minimum distances. natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the ma-
terials as stored.
1. For ducts conveying explosive or flammable va-
pors, fumes or dusts: 30 feet (9144 mm) from the lExceptimll: Storage areas for flammable solids comply-
property line; 10 feet (3048 mm) from openings ing with the Fire Code of New York State.
into the building; 6 feet (1829 mm) from exterior
walls and roofs; 30 feet (9144 mm) from combusti- [F] 502.8.1.1 System requilI'ements. Exhaust ventila-
ble walls and openings into the building which are tion systems shall comply with all of the following:
in the direction of the exhaust discharge; 10 feet 1. The installation shall be in accordance with this
(3048 mm) above adjoining grade. code.
2. For other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate
mm) from the property line; 3 feet (914 mm) from of not less than 1 cfmlft2 [0.00508 m3/(s. m 2)] of
exterior walls and roofs; 10 feet (3048 mm) from floor area over the storage area.
openings into the building; 10 feet (3048 mm) 3. The systems shall operate continuously unless al-
above adjoining grade. ternate designs are approved.
3. For environmental air duct exhaust: 3 feet (914 4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside
mm) from the property line; 3 feet (914 mm) from of the room in a position adjacent to the access
openings into the building. door to the room or in another approved location.
[IF] 502.1.3.1 Fan motors mull l/)eRts. Electric motors The switch shall be of the break-glass type and
driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside booths or shall be labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM
ducts. Fan rotating elements shall be nonferrous or EMERGENCY SHUTOFF
nonsparking or the casing shall consist of, or be lined 5. The exhaust ventilation system shall be designed
with, such material. Belts shall not enter the duct or booth to consider the density of the potential fumes or va-
unless the belt and pulley within the duct are tightly en- pors released. For fumes or vapors that are heavier
closed. than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within
[F] 502./.4 Dipping operr-atiioJrns. Vapor areas of dip tank 12 inches (304 mm) of the floor. 0
operations shall be provided with mechanical ventilation 6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air open-
adequate to prevent the dangerous accumulation of vapors. ings shall be designed to provide air movement
across all portions of the floor or room to prevent [F] 502.9.2 Corrosives. Where corrosive materials in
the accumulation of vapors. amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per
7. The exhaust ventilation shall not be recirculated control area are dispensed or used, mechanical exhaust venti-
within the room or building if the materials stored lation in accordance with Section 502.8.4 shall be provided.
are capable of emitting hazardous vapors. [F] 502.9.3 Cryogenics. Storage areas for stationary or por-
[F] 502.8.2 Gas rooms, exhausted enclloslllres ami gas table containers of cryogenic fluids in any quantity shall be
cabinets. The ventilation system for gas rooms, exhausted ventilated in accordance with Section 502.8. Indoor areas
enclosures and gas cabinets for any quantity of hazardous where cryogenic fluids in any quantity are dispensed shall
material shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure be ventilated in accordance with the requirements of Sec-
in relation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic tion 502.8.4 in a manner that captures any vapor at the point
gases shall also comply with Sections 502.9.7.1,502.9.7.2 of generation.
and 502.9.8.4. Exception: Ventilation for indoor dispensing areas is not
[F] 502.8.3 Indoor dispensing and use. Indoor dispensing required where it can be demonstrated that the cryogenic
and use areas for hazardous materials in amounts exceeding fluids do not create harmful vapors.
the maximum allowable quantity per control area shall be [F] 502.9.4 Explosives. Squirrel cage blowers shall not be
provided with exhaust ventilation in accordance with Sec- used for exhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gases in op-
tion 502.7.1. erating buildings and rooms for the manufacture, assembly
Exception: Ventilation is not required for dispensing or testing of explosives. Only nonferrous fan blades shall be
and use of flammable solids other than finely divided used for fans located within the ductwork and through
particles. which hazardous materials are exhausted. Motors shall be
located outside the duct.
[F] 502.8.4 Indoor dispensing and use-point sources.
Where gases, liquids or solids in amounts exceeding the maxi- [F] 502.9.5 Flammable and combustible liquids. Exhaust
mum allowable quantity per control area and having a hazard ventilation systems shall be provided as required by Sec-
ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are dispensed tions 502.9.5.1 through 502.9.5.5 for the storage, use, dis-
or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be provided to pensing, mixing and handling of flammable and
capture fumes, mists or vapors at the point of generation. combustible liquids. Unless otherwise specified, this sec-
tion shall apply to any quantity of flammable and combusti-
Exception: Where it can be demonstrated that the gases, ble liquids.
liquids or solids do not create harmful fumes, mists or va-
pors. Exception: This section shall not apply to flammable
and combustible liquids that are exempt from the Fire
[F] 502.8.5 Closed systems. Where closed systems for the Code of New York State.
use of hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maxi-
[F] 502.9.5.1 Vaults. Vaults that contain tanks of Class I
mum allowable quantity per control area are designed to be
liquids shall be provided with continuous ventilation
opened as part of normal operations, ventilation shall be
at a rate of not less than 1 cfmlft 2 of floor area
provided in accordance with Section 502.8.4. 2
[0.00508 m 3 /(s . m )], but not less than 150 cfm (4
3
[F] 502.9 Hazardous production materials (HPM). Exhaust m /min). Failure of the exhaust airflow shall auto-
ventilation systems and materials for ducts utilized for the ex- matically shut down the dispensing system. The ex-
haust of HPM shall comply with this section, other applicable haust system shall be designed to provide air
provisions of this code, the Building Code of New York State
I and the Fire Code ofNew York State.
movement across all parts of the vault floor. Supply
and exhaust ducts shall extend to a point not greater
than 12 inches (305 mm) and not less than 3 inches
[F] 502.9.1 Compressed gases-medical gas systems.
(76 mm) above the floor. The exhaust system shall
Rooms for the storage of compressed medical gases in
amounts exceeding the maximum allowable exempt quan- be installed in accordance with the provisions of
tity per control area, and which do not have an exterior wall, NFPA 91. Means shall be provided to automatically
shall be exhausted through a duct to the exterior of the build- detect any flammable vapors and to automatically
ing. Both separate airstreams shall be enclosed in a shut down the dispensing system upon detection of
I-hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the exterior. such flammable vapors in the exhaust duct at a con-
Approved mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a centration of 25 percent of the LFL.
minimum rate of 1 cfmJft2 [0.00508 m 3/(s. m2)] of the area [F] 502.9.5.2 Storage rooms and warehouses. Liquid
of the room. storage rooms and liquid storage warehouses for quanti-
Gas cabinets for the storage of compressed medical gases ties of liquids exceeding those specified in the Fire Code
ofNew York State shall be ventilated in accordance with
in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per
Section 502.8.1 of this code.
control area shall be connected to an exhaust system. The av-
erage velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports or win- [F] 502.9.5.3 Cleaning machines. Areas containing ma-
dows shall be not less than 200 feet per minute (1.02 mls) chines used for parts cleaning in accordance with the Fire
with a minimum velocity of 150 feet per minute (0.76 mJs) at Code ofNew York State shall be adequately ventilated to
any point at the access port or window. prevent accumulation of vapors.
[F] 502.9.5.4 Use, dispeH1lsilllg mull JmJlxllng. Continuous []F] 502.906.2 Open amll dosed! systemso Mechanical ex-
mechanical ventilation shall be provided for the use, dis- haust ventilation shall be provided for highly toxic and
pensing and mixing of flammable and combustible liquids toxic liquids used in open systems in accordance with Sec-
in open or closed systems in amounts exceeding the maxi- tion 502.8.4. Mechanical exhaust ventilation shall be pro-
mum allowable quantity per control area and for bulk trans- vided for highly toxic and toxic liquids used in closed
fer and process transfer operations. The ventilation rate systems in accordance with Section 502.8.5.
2
shall be not less than 1 dm/ft2 [0.00508 m 3j(s. m )] offloor
ExceptioJl1l.: Liquids or solids that do not generate
area over the design area. Provisions shall be made for the
highly toxic or toxic fumes, mists or vapors.
introduction of makeup air in a manner that will include all
floor areas or pits where vapors can collect. Local or spot [IF] 502.901 Higllnlly tilllxllc all1ld tilllxic compressed gases-
ventilation shall be provided where needed to prevent the all1lY qjUllantDtyo Ventilation exhaust shall be provided for
accumulation of hazardous vapors. highly toxic and toxic compressed gases in any quantity as
required by Sections 502.9.7.1 and 502.9.7.2.
Exception: Where natural ventilation can be shown
to be effective for the materials used, dispensed or [IF] 502.9./J. Gas cabinetso Gas cabinets containing
mixed. highly toxic or toxic compressed gases in any quantity
[IF] 502.9.5.5 lBudlk pRants illlr termiltllallso Ventilation shall comply with Section 502.8.2 and the following re-
shall be provided for portions of properties where flam- quirements:
mable and combustible liquids are received by tank ves- 1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of gas
sels, pipelines, tank cars or tank vehicles and which are cabinet access ports or windows shall be not less
stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with a mini-
such liquids by tank vessels, pipelines, tank cars, tank ve- mum velocity of 150 feet per minute (0.76 m/s) at
hicles or containers as required by Sections 502.9.5.5.1 any point at the access port or window.
through 502.9.5.5.3. 2. Gas cabinets shall be connected to an exhaust sys-
[IF] 50209050501 GeH1lerall. Ventilation shall be pro- tem.
vided for rooms, buildings and enclosures in which 3. Gas cabinets shall not be used as the sole means of
Class I liquids are pumped, used or transferred. De- exhaust for any room or area.
sign of ventilation systems shall consider the rela-
[JF] 502090/.2 Exhausted! elldilllsureso Exhausted enclo-
tively high specific gravity of the vapors. Where
sures containing highly toxic or toxic compressed gases
natural ventilation is used, adequate openings in out-
in any quantity shall comply with Section 502.8.2 and
side walls at floor level, unobstructed except by lou-
the following requirements:
vers or coarse screens, shall be provided. Where
natural ventilation is inadequate, mechanical ventila- 1. The average ventilation velocity at the face of the
tion shall be provided. enclosure shall be not less than 200 feet per minute
(1.02 m/s) with a minimum velocity of 150 feet per
[F] 502.90505.2 Basemeltllts and pitso Class I liquids
minute (0.76 m/s).
shall not be stored or used within a building having a
basement or pit into which flammable vapors can 2. Exhausted enclosures shall be connected to an ex-
travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation de- haust system.
signed to prevent the accumulation of flammable va- 3. Exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole
pors therein. means of exhaust for any room or area.
[IF] 502.9050503 DispeH1lSRllllg illljf Cllass IT lliquJlIldso Con- [IF] 502.908 Higllnlly toxic alllld! toxic cilllmpJressed gases-
tainers of Class I liquids shall not be drawn from or quantities exceeding the maximllllm allllowablle pel' Cillln A
filled within buildings unless a provision is made to troll area. Ventilation exhaust shall be provided for highly
prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors in haz- toxic and toxic compressed gases in amounts exceeding the
ardous concentrations. Where mechanical ventilation maximum allowable quantities per control area as required
is required, it shall be kept in operation while flamma- by Sections 502.9.8.1 through 502.9.8.6.
ble vapors could be present. [IF] 502.9.8.1 Velltillated! areas. The room or area in
[F] 5020906 HigJhllly tmdc aR1ld toxllc lliqllddlso Ventilation ex- which indoor gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures are
haust shall be provided for highly toxic and toxic liquids as located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas
required by Sections 502.9.6.1 and 502.9.6.2. cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the
sole means of exhaust for any room or area.
[F] 5020906.1 TreatmeH1lt systemo This provision shall
apply to indoor and outdoor storage and use of highly [IF] 50209.8.2 ILocall exll:HlllUlst for pourtable tankso A
toxic and toxic liquids in amounts exceeding the maxi- means of local exhaust shall be provided to capture leak-
mum allowable quantities per control area. Exhaust age from indoor and outdoor portable tanks. The local
scrubbers or other systems for processing vapors of exhaust shall consist of portable ducts or collection sys-
highly toxic liquids shall be provided where a spill or ac- tems designed to be applied to the site of a leak in a valve
cidental release of such liquids can be expected to release or fitting on the tank. The local exhaust system shall be
highly toxic vapors at normal temperature and pressure. located in a gas room. Exhaust shall be directed to a treat-
ment system where required by the Fire Code of New feet per minute (1.02 m/s) with a minimum velocity of
York State. 150 feet per minute (0.76 m/s) at any point at the ac-
[F] 502.9.8.3 Piping and controls-stationary tanks. cess port or window.
Filling or dispensing connections on indoor stationary [F] 502.10 Hazardous production materials (HPM). Ex-
tanks shall be provided with a means of local exhaust. haust ventilation systems and materials for ducts utilized for
Such exhaust shall be designed to capture fumes and va- the exhaust ofHPM shall comply with this section, other appli-
pors. The exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system cable provisions of this code, the Building Code of New York
where required by the Fire Code ofNew York State. State and the Fire Code ofNew York State.
[F] 502.9.8.4 Gas rooms. The ventilation system for gas [F] 502.10.1 Where required. Exhaust ventilation systems
rooms shall be designed to operate at a negative pressure shall be provided in the following locations in accordance
in relation to the surrounding area. The exhaust ventila- with the requirements of this section and the Building Code
tion from gas rooms shall be directed to an exhaust ofNew York State:
system. 1. Fabrication areas: Exhaust ventilation for fabrica-
[F] 502.9.8.5 Treatment system. The exhaust ventila- tion areas shall comply with the Building Code of
tion from gas cabinets, exhausted enclosures and gas New York State. Additional manual control
rooms, and local exhaust systems required in Sections switches shall be provided where required by the
502.9.8.2 and 502.9.8.3 shall be directed to a treatment code official.
system where required by the Fire Code of New York 2. Workstations: A ventilation system shall be pro-
State. vided to capture and exhaust fumes and vapors at
[F] 502.9.8.6 Process equipment. Effluent from indoor workstations.
and outdoor process equipment containing highly toxic 3. Liquid storage rooms: Exhaust ventilation for liq-
or toxic compressed gases which could be discharged to uid storage rooms shall comply with Section
the atmosphere shall be processed through an exhaust 502.8.1.1 and the Building Code ofNew York State.
scrubber or other processing system. Such systems shall 4. HPM rooms: Exhaust ventilation for HPM rooms
be in accordance with the Fire Code ofNew York State. shall comply with Section 502.8.1.1 and the Build-
[F] 502.9.9 Ozone gas generators. Ozone cabinets and ing Code ofNew York State.
ozone gas-generator rooms for systems having a maximum 5. Gas cabinets: Exhaust ventilation for gas cabinets
ozone-generating capacity of one-half pound (0.23 kg) or shall comply with Section 502.8.2. The gas cabinet
more over a 24-hour period shall be mechanically ventilated ventilation system is allowed to connect to a work-
at a rate of not less than six air changes per hour. For cabi- station ventilation system. Exhaust ventilation for
nets, the average velocity of ventilation at makeup air open- gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic gases
ings with cabinet doors closed shall be not less than 200 feet shall also comply with Sections 502.9.7 and
per minute (1.02 m/s). 502.9.8.
[F] 502.9.10 LP-gas distribution facilities. LP-gas distri- 6. Exhausted enclosures: Exhaust ventilation for ex-
bution facilities shall be ventilated in accordance with hausted enclosures shall comply with Section
NFPA 58. 502.7.2. Exhaust ventilation for exhausted enclo-
[F] 502.9.10.1 Portable container use. LP-gas contain- sures containing highly toxic or toxic gases shall
ers shall not be used or stored in a basement, pit or similar also comply with Sections 502.9.7 and 502.9.8.
location where heavier-than-air gas might collect. 7. Gas rooms: Exhaust ventilation for gas rooms shall
Exception: Department of Transportation (DOT) comply with Section 502.8.2. Exhaust ventilation
specification cylinders with a maximum water capac- for gas cabinets containing highly toxic or toxic
ity of 2.5 pounds (l kg) for use in completely gases shall also comply with Sections 502.9.7 and
502.9.8.
self-contained hand torches and similar applications.
The quantity of LP-gas shall not exceed 20 pounds (9 [F] 502.10.2 Penetrations. Exhaust ducts penetrating fire
kg). barrier assemblies shall be contained in a shaft of equivalent
fire-resistive construction. Exhaust ducts shall not penetrate
[F] 502.9.11 Silane gas. Exhausted enclosures and gas cab-
building separation walls. Fire dampers shall not be in-
inets for the indoor storage of silane gas in amounts exceed-
stalled in exhaust ducts.
ing the maximum allowable quantities per control area shall
comply with this section. [F] 502.10.3 Treatment systems. Treatment systems for
1. Exhausted enclosures and gas cabinets shall be in ac- highly toxic and toxic gases shall comply with the Fire Code
cordance with Section 502.8.2. ofNew York State.
2. The velocity of ventilation across unwelded fittings 502.11 Motion picture projectors. Motion picture projectors
and connections on the piping system shall not be less shall be exhausted in accordance with Section 502.11.1 or
than 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s). 502.11.2.
3. The average velocity at the face of the access ports or 502.11,]. Projectors with 3ln exhaust discharge. Projec-
windows in the gas cabinet shall not be less than 200 tors equipped with an exhaust discharge shall be directly
connected to a mechanical exhaust system. The exhaust sys- lets shall be located at the high point of the room in exterior
tem shall operate at an exhaust rate as indicated by the man- walls or the roof.
ufacturer's installation instructions. 1. Ventilation shall be by a continuous mechanical ven-
5(D20:TI.:TI.02 IPIrGjed([j)Irs WJitllnmnt exlln21Ulst (C([j)lIlllfllednoJIJlo Projec- tilation system or by a mechanical ventilation system
tors without an exhaust connection shall have contaminants activated by a continuously monitoring natural gas
exhausted through a mechanical exhaust system. The ex- detection system activating at a gas concentration of
haust rate for electric arc projectors shall be a minimum of 25 percent of the LFL. In all cases, the system shall
200 cubic feet per minute (cfm) (0.09 m3/s) per lamp. The shut down the fueling system in the event of failure of
exhaust rate for xenon projectors shall be a minimum of 300 the ventilation system.
cfm (0.14 m 3/s) per lamp. Xenon projector exhaust shall be 2. The ventilation rate shall be at least 1 cubic foot per
at a rate such that the exterior temperature of the lamp hous- minute per 12 cubic feet [0.00138 m3/(s m3)] of room 0
ing does not exceed 130 OF (54°C). The lamp and projection volume.
room exhaust systems, whether combined or independent,
shall not be interconnected with any other exhaust or return [JF] 5llD2J16.2 OpeJratiolfllo The mechanical ventilation sys-
system within the building. tem shall operate continuously.
[JF] 5(D20112 OIrg21fllk (cGatRl!llg lpllm(Cesseso Enclosed structures in- IEx(Ceptn([j)l!lls ~
volving organic coating processes in which Class I liquids are 1. Mechanical ventilation systems that are inter-
processed or handled shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than locked with a gas detection system designed in ac-
1 cfm/ft2 [0.00508 m 3/(s m2 )] of solid floor area. Ventilation
0
cordance with the Fire Code of New York State.
shall be accomplished by exhaust fans that intake at floor levels
2. Mechanical ventilation systems in garages that are
and discharge to a safe location outside the structure.
used only for the repair of vehicles fueled by liquid
Noncontaminated intake air shall be introduced in such a man-
fuels or odorized gases, such as CNG, where the
ner that all portions of solid floor areas are provided with con-
ventilation system is electrically interlocked with
tinuous uniformly distributed air movement.
the lighting circuit.
5(D20:TI.3 JPunlhlllk gaIrageso Mechanical exhaust systems for pub- 5(»2011 i 1I'nJre relbllrnnlldnJIJlg OJr JreC2IJPlpHlfllg. Each room where rub-
lic garages, as required in Chapter 4, shall operate continuously ber cement is used or mixed, or where flammable or combusti-
or in accordance with Section 404. ble solvents are applied, shall be ventilated in accordance with
5Qll20:TI.4 M([j)tGIr vellnJide GJPleIra~n([j)l!llo In areas where motor vehi- the applicable provisions of NFPA 91.
cles operate, mechanical ventilation shall be provided in accor-
5l!D20:TI. i J. BunffilIllg ITIT1l.21drnnJIJleso Each buffing machine shall be
dance with Section 403. Additionally, areas in which stationary
connected to a dust-collecting system that prevents the ac-
motor vehicles are operated shall be provided with a source
cumulation of the dust produced by the buffing process.
capture system that connects directly to the motor vehicle ex-
haust systems. 5020113 §pedJfk Ir([j)omso Specific rooms, including bathrooms,
JEx(Ceptn([j)I!ll§~
locker rooms, smoking lounges and toilet rooms, shall be ex-
hausted in accordance with the ventilation requirements of
1. This section shall not apply where the motor vehicles Chapter 4.
being operated or repaired are electrically powered.
SECT~ON 503
2. This section shall not apply to one- and two-family
MOTOIRlS AND fANS
dwellings.
5030:TI. GelllleIrallo Motors and fans shall be sized to provide the
3. This section shall not apply to motor vehicle service
areas where engines are operated inside the building required air movement. Motors in areas that contain flammable
only for the duration necessary to move the motor ve- vapors or dusts shall be of a type approved for such environ-
hicles in and out of the building. ments. A manually operated remote control installed at an ap-
proved location shall be provided to shut off fans or blowers in
[JF] 5Qll20115 RepanIr g2Irageso Where Class I liquids or UP-gas flammable vapor or dust systems. Electrical equipment and ap-
are stored or used within a building having a basement or pit pliances used in operations that generate explosive or flamma-
wherein flammable vapors could accumulate, the basement or ble vapors, fumes or dusts shall be interlocked with the
pit shall be provided with ventilation designed to prevent the ventilation system so that the equipment and appliances cannot
accumulation of flammable vapors therein. be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. Motors
[JF] 5Qll20Hii lRepanIr gaJrages [GIr l!llatunIrall gas~ amI! llny([]lIr([j)~ for fans used to convey flammable vapors or dusts shall be lo-
gelfll~jfunelled velhiiClleso Repair garages used for the repair of natu- cated outside the duct or shall be protected with approved
ral gas- or hydrogen-fueled vehicles shall be provided with an shields and dustproofing. Motors and fans shall be provided
approved mechanical ventilation system. The mechanical ven- with a means of access for servicing and maintenance.
tilation system shall be in accordance with Sections 502.16.1 50302 IF'alI1lso Parts of fans in contact with explosive or flammable
and 502.16.2. vapors, fumes or dusts shall be of nonferrous or nonsparking
[JF] 5llD20:TI.<{iio:TI. IIJ)esnglffio Indoor locations shall be ventilated uti- materials, or their casing shall be lined or constructed of such
lizing air supply inlets and exhaust outlets arranged to pro- material. When the size and hardness of materials passing
vide uniform air movement to the extent practical. Inlets shall through a fan are capable of producing a spark, both the fan and
be uniformly arranged on exterior walls near floor level. Out- the casing shall be of nonsparking materials. When fans are re-
35
!EXHAUST SYSTEMS
quired to be spark resistant, their bearings shall not be within the the direction of airflow. Clothes dryer transition ducts used to
airstream, and all parts of the fan shall be grounded. Fans in sys- connect the appliance to the exhaust duct system shall be lim-
tems-handling materials that are capable of clogging the blades, ited to single lengths not to exceed 8 feet (2438 mm) and shall
and fans in buffing or woodworking exhaust systems, shall be of be listed and labeled for the application. Transition ducts shall
the radial-blade or tube-axial type. not be concealed within construction.
503.3 Equipment and appliances identification plate. 504.6.1 Maximum length. The maximum length of a
Equipment and appliances used to exhaust explosive or flam- clothes dryer exhaust duct shall not exceed 25 feet (7620
mable vapors, fumes or dusts shall bear an identification plate mm) from the dryer location to the outlet terminal. The max-
stating the ventilation rate for which the system was designed. imum length of duct shall be reduced 2 1/ 2 feet (762 mm) for
503.4 Corrosion-resistant fans. Fans located in systems con- each 45-degree (0.79 rad) bend and 5 feet (1524 mm) for
veying corrosives shall be of materials that are resistant to the each 90-degree (1.6 rad) bend. The maximum length of the
corrosive or shall be coated with corrosion-resistant materials. exhaust duct does not include the transition duct.
Exception: Where the make and model of the clothes
dryer to be installed is known and the manufacturer's in-
SECTION 504 stallation instructions for such dryer are provided, the
CLOTHES DRYER EXHAUST maximum length of the exhaust duct, including any transi-
504.1 Installation. Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in accor- tion duct, shall be permitted to be in accordance with the
dance with the manufacturer's instructions. Dryer exhaust sys- dryer manufacturer's installation instructions.
tems shall be independent of all other systems and shall convey 504.6.2 ROlllgh-in required. Where a compartment or
the moisture and any products of combustion to the outside of space for a domestic clothes dryer is provided, an exhaust
the building. duct system shall be installed in accordance with Sections
Exception: This section shall not apply to listed and labeled 504.6 and 504.6.1.
I condensing (ductless) clothes dryers. 504.7 Commercial clothes dryers. The installation of dryer
504.2 Exhaust penetrations. Ducts that exhaust clothes dryers exhaust ducts serving Type 2 clothes dryers shall comply with
shall not penetrate or be located within any fireblocking, the appliance manufacturer's installation instructions. Exhaust
draftstopping or any wall, floor/ceiling or other assembly re- fan motors installed in exhaust systems shall be located outside
quired by the Building Code of New York State to be fIfe-resis- of the airstream. In multiple installations, the fan shall operate
tance rated, unless such duct is constructed of galvanized steel or continuously or be interlocked to operate when any individual
aluminum of the thickness specified in Section 603.4 and the unit is operating. Ducts shall have a minimum clearance of 6
fire-resistance rating is maintained in accordance with the inches (152 mm) to combustible materials. Clothes dryer tran-
Building Code of New York State. Fire dampers, combination sition ducts used to connect the appliance to the exhaust duct
I fIfe/smoke dampers and any similar device that will obstruct the
exhaust flow shall be prohibited in clothes dryer exhaust ducts.
504.3 Cleanout. Each vertical riser shall be provided with a
system shall be limited to single lengths not to exceed 8 feet
(2438 mm) in length and shall be listed and labeled for the ap-
plication. Transition ducts shall not be concealed within con-
struction.
means for cleanout.
504.4 Exhaust installation. Dryer exhaust ducts for clothes
dryers shall terminate on the outside of the building and shall SECTION 505
be equipped with a backdraft damper. Screens shall not be in- DOMEST~C KITCHEN EXHAUST EQUIPMENT
stalled at the duct termination. Ducts shall not be connected or
installed with sheet metal screws or other fasteners that will ob- 505.1 Domestic systems. Where domestic range hoods and
struct the exhaust flow. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall not be domestic appliances equipped with downdraft exhaust are lo-
connected to a vent connector, vent or chimney. Clothes dryer cated within dwelling units, such hoods and appliances shall
exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts or ple- discharge to the outdoors through ducts constructed of galva-
nums. nized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper. Such ducts
shall have smooth inner walls and shall be air tight and
504.5 Makeup air. Installations exhausting more than 200 cfm equipped with a backdraft damper.
(0.09 m3/s) shall be provided with makeup air. Where a closet is
designed for the installation of a clothes dryer, an opening hav- Exceptions:
ing an area of not less than 100 square inches (0.0645 m2) shall 1. Where installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
be provided in the closet enclosure. installation instructions and where mechanical or natu-
504.6 Domestic clothes dryer ducts. Exhaust ducts for do- ral ventilation is otherwise provided in accordance
mestic clothes dryers shall be constructed of metal and shall with Chapter 4, listed and labeled ductless range hoods
have a smooth interior finish. The exhaust duct shall be a mini- shall not be required to discharge to the outdoors.
mum nominal size of 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. The entire 2. Ducts for domestic kitchen cooking appliances
exhaust system shall be supported and secured in place. The equipped with downdraft exhaust systems shall be
male end of the duct at overlapped duct joints shall extend in permitted to be constructed of Schedule 40 PVC pipe,
provided that the installation complies with all of the 2. Internal welding or brazing shall not be prohibited,
following: provided that the joint is formed or ground smooth
2.1. The duct shall be installed under a concrete and is provided with ready access for inspection.
slab poured on grade. 3. Listed and labeled factory-built commercial
2.2. The underfloor trench in which the duct is kitchen grease ducts installed in accordance with
installed shall be completely backfilled with Section 304.1.
sand or gravel.
2.3. The PVC duct shall extend not greater than 1 5d)6.3.2.1 Duc~ joint ~ypes. Duct joints shall be butt
inch (25 mm) above the indoor concrete joints or overlapping duct joints of either the telescoping
floor surface. or bell type. Overlapping joints shall be installed to pre-
2.4. The PVC duct shall extend not greater than 1 vent ledges and obstructions from collecting grease or
inch (25 mm) above grade outside of the interfering with gravity drainage to the intended collec-
building. tion point. The difference between the inside cross-sec-
2.5. The PVC ducts shall be solvent cemented. tional dimensions of overlapping sections of duct shall
not exceed 0.25 inch (6 mm). The length of overlap for
overlapping duct joints shall not exceed 2 inches (51
I.
be made with continuous internal or extemalliquid-tight
506.1 GeneraH. Commercial kitchen hood ventilation ducts and welded or brazed joints. Such joints shall be smooth, ac-
exhaust equipment shall comply with the requirements of this cessible for inspection and without grease traps.
section. Commercial kitchen grease ducts shall be designed for JExceptimns: This section shall not apply to:
the type of cooking appliance and hood served.
1. A vertical duct-to-hood collar connection made
506.2 CorrosDon Jl)rilJltediOJ!n. Ducts exposed to the outside at-
in the top plane of the hood in accordance with
mosphere or subject to a corrosive environment shall be pro-
all of the following:
tected against corrosion in an approved manner.
1.1. The hood duct opening shall have a
506.3 Duds seoilllg 1lYpe JI lhoilJlds. Type I exhaust ducts shall be 1-inch-deep (25 mm), full perimeter,
independent of all other exhaust systems except as provided in welded flange turned down into the
! Section 506.3.5. Commercial kitchen duct systems serving Type hood interior at an angle of 90 degrees
I hoods shall be designed, constructed and installed in accor- from the plane of the opening.
1 dance with Sections 506.3.1 through 506.3.12.3.
1.2. The duct shall have a 1-inch-deep (25
1 506.3.1 Dud m2~ernais. Ducts serving Type I hoods shall rum) flange made by a I-inch by I-inch
t be constructed of materials in accordance with Sections (25 mm by 25 rum) angle iron welded to
506.3.1.1 and 506.3.1.2. the full perimeter of the duct not less
506.3.1.1 Grease dud mateJr'DaBs. Grease ducts serving than 1 inch (25 rum) above the bottom
Type I hoods shall be constructed of steel not less than end of the duct.
0.055 inch (1.4 mm) (No. 16 Gage) in thickness or stain- 1.3. A gasket rated for use at not less than
less steel not less than 0.044 inch (1.1 mm) (No. 18 1,500 o P (815°C) is installed between
Gage) in thickness. the duct flange and the top of the hood.
JExceptimn: Listed and labeled factory-built commer- 1.4. The duct-to-hood joint shall be secured
cial kitchen grease ducts shall be installed in accor- by stud bolts not less than 0.25 inch (6.4
dance with Section 304.1. mm) in diameter welded to the hood
506.3.1.2 M2lk.eup air dhillds. Make up air ducts connect- with a spacing not greater than 4 inches
ing to or within 18 inches (457 mm) of a Type I hood shall (102 mm) on center for the full
be constructed and installed in accordance with Sections perimeter of the opening. All bolts and
603.1,603.3,603.4,603.9,603.10 and 603.12. Duct in- nuts are to be secured with lockwashers.
sulation installed within 18 inches (457 mm) of a Type I 2. Listed and labeled duct-to-hood collar connec-
hood shall be noncombustible or shall be listed for the tions installed in accordance with Section 304.1.
application.
506.3.2.3 DllJIdQtilJlQexllullUst fan tCoJl1llf1lections. Duct-
506.3.2 Joints, seams and penetratimns off grease duds. to-exhaust fan connections shall be flanged and gasketed
Joints, seams and penetrations of grease ducts shall be made at the base of the fan for vertical discharge fans; shall be ~
with a continuous liquid-tight weld or braze made on the ex- flanged, gasketed and bolted to the inlet of the fan for
ternal surface of the duct system. side-inlet utility fans; and shall be flanged, gasketed and
Exceptioll1ls: bolted to the inlet and outlet of the fan for in-line fans.
1. Penetrations shall not be required to be welded or 506.3.2.4 VibJratimJl nsoiatiolt1l. A vibration isolation con-
brazed where sealed by devices that are listed for nector for connecting a duct to a fan shall consist of
the application. noncombustible packing in a metal sleeve joint of ap-
•
story. on the top of the duct or the bottom of the duct. Where located
2. All interconnected hoods are located within the same on the top of the duct, the opening edges shall be a minimum
room or in adjoining rooms. of 1 inch (25 mm) from the edges of the duct. Where located
in the bottom of the duct, cleanout openings shall be designed
3. Interconnecting ducts do not penetrate assemblies re- to provide internal damming around the opening, shall be
quired to be fire-resistance rated. provided with gasketing to preclude grease leakage, shall
4. The grease duct system does not serve solid fuel-fIred provide for drainage of grease down the duct around the dam,
appliances. and shall be approved for the application. Where the dimen-
506.3.6 Grease duct clearances. Grease duct systems and sions of the sides, top or bottom of the duct preclude the in-
I exhaust equipment serving a Type I hood shall have a clear-
ance to combustible construction of not less than 18 inches
stallation of the prescribed minimum-size cleanout opening,
the cleanout shall be located on the duct face that affords the
(457 mm), and shall have a clearance to noncombustible con- largest opening dimension and shall be installed with the
•
506.3.8 Grease duct cleanouts and other openings. Grease duct enclosure shall be sealed around the duct at the point of
duct systems shall not have openings therein other than those
required for proper operation and maintenance of the system.
Any portion of such system having sections not provided with
penetration and vented to the outside of the building through
the use of weather-protected openings. Clearance from the
duct to the interior surface of enclosures of combustible con-
I
access from the duct entry or discharge shall be provided with struction shall be not less than 18 inches (457 mm). Clearance
cleanout openings. Cleanout openings shall be equipped with from the duct to the interior surface of enclosures of
tight-fitting doors constructed of steel having a thickness not noncombustible construction or gypsum wallboard attached to
noncombustible structures shall be not less than 6 inches jacent property line and air intake openings into a
(152 mm). The duct enclosure shall serve a single grease ex- building where air from the exhaust outlet discharges
haust duct system and shall not contain any other ducts, pip- away from such locations.
ing, wiring or systems.
5@6.4DudsservRInlgTypelIlIhoods.Singleorcombined Type ~. "~ ,.r'•. ..•.• :
5@'7.10 IHIooqjj§ peIDle11:ll"a11:llIDlg a lCeiillHJrllg. Type I hoods or portions 507.13.1 Exttll"a~l!neavy~dllll11:y lCookllll1lg aPJIDlliialllllCes. The mini-
thereof penetrating a ceiling, wall or furred space shall comply mum net airflow for Type I hoods used for extra-heavy-duty
with all the requirements of Section 506.3.10. cooking appliances shall be determined as follows:
50'7.11 Gll"ease lffill11:ell"§. Type I hoods shall be equipped with 'JI'ype oft'lHIomll ClFMl pel!" llnllBeall" ll'oot oll'lInoodi
listed grease filters designed for the specific purpose. Wall-mounted canopy 550
Grease-collecting equipment shall be provided with access for Single island canopy 700
cleaning. The lowest edge of a grease filter located above the
Double island canopy (per side) 550
cooking surface shall be not less than the height specified in Ta-
Backshelf/pass-over Not allowed
ble 507.11.
Eyebrow Not allowed
TAlalIE 501. ~ ~
MINIMUM IDlISTANCE laE1J"WEIEN THE lOWEST IEDGIE Of IP. For SI: 1 drn per linear foot = 1.55 Lis per linear meter.
GREASE FilTER fil\NIDlTHlE COOKING SURfACIE OR IrHlIE
H1EATING SlUJRIFACIE 5@'7.113.2Heavy~dillty lCoolldng 2lppBBaJIllce§. The minimum
net airflow for Type I hoods used for heavy-duty cooking
TYIPE OIF COO&{~NG H1E~Gm ABOVE COOG<Bi\!IG
AIPIPUANCIES SlUJRIFACIE (fasft) appliances shall be determined as follows:
Without exposed flame 0.5 'JI'ype oflHIoodi ClFMl pel!" llnllBeau- foot oll'llnoodi
•
vided by gravity or mechanical means or both. For mechanical
makeup air systems, the exhaust and makeup air systems shall 3. A vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust with a health-hazard rat-
be electrically interlocked to insure that makeup air is provided ing of 1, 2 or 3 is present in concentrations exceeding 1
shall not be exhausted through the same hazardous exhaust sys- hazardous exhaust system. Makeup-air intakes shall be lo-
tem. Hazardous exhaust systems shall not share common shafts cated so as to avoid recirculation of contaminated air.
with other duct systems, except where such systems are hazard-
510.5.6 ClearalI1lces. The minimum clearance between
ous exhaust systems originating in the same fire area.
hoods and combustible construction shall be the clearance
Exception: The provision of this section shall not apply to required by the duct system.
laboratory exhaust systems where all of the following con-
ditions apply: 510.5.' Ducts. Hazardous exhaust duct systems shall ex-
tend directly to the exterior of the building and shall not ex-
1. All of the hazardous exhaust ductwork and other labo- tend into or through ducts and plenums.
ratory exhaust within both the occupied space and the
shafts is under negative pressure while in operation. 510.6 PeIDletratioll1ls. Penetrations of structural elements by a
hazardous exhaust system shall conform to Section 302.2 of
2. The hazardous exhaust ductwork manifolded to-
the Mechanical Code ofNew York State
gether within the occupied space must originate
within the same fire area. ExceptiolI1l: Duct penetrations within H-5 occupancies as
3. Each control branch has a flow regulating device. allowed by the Building Code ofNew York State.
4. Perchloric acid hoods and connected exhaust shall be 510.6.1 Floors. Hazardous exhaust systems that penetrate a
prohibited from manifolding. floor/ceiling assembly shall be enclosed in a fire-resis-
5. Radioisotope hoods are equipped with filtration tance-rated shaft constructed in accordance with the Build-
and/or carbon beds where required by the registered ing Code ofNew York State.
design professional. 510.6.2 WaRn assembBies. Hazardous exhaust duct systems
6. Biological safety cabinets are filtered. that penetrate fire-resistance-rated wall assemblies shall be
enclosed in fire-resistance-rated construction from the point
7. Provision is made for continuous maintenance of neg-
of penetration to the outlet terminal, except where the inte-
ative static pressure in the ductwork.
rior of the duct is equipped with an approved automatic fire
8. Fire dampers, combination fire/smoke dampers and suppression system. Ducts shall be enclosed in accordance
any similar device that will obstruct the exhaust flow with the Building Code ofNew York State requirements for
shall be prohibited in laboratory exhaust systems. shaft construction, and such enclosure shall have a mini-
510.5 Design. Systems for removal of vapors, gases and smoke mum fire-resistance-rating of not less than the highest
shall be designed by the constant velocity or equal friction meth- fire-resistance-rated wall assembly penetrated.
ods. Systems conveying particulate matter shall be designed em-
510.6.3 Fire waRns. Ducts shall not penetrate a fire wall.
ploying the constant velocity method.
510.5.1 Balancing. Systems conveying explosive or radio- 510.6.4 Fire dampers. Fire dampers are not required at fl.·.
active materials shall be prebalanced by duct sizing. Other penetrations of fire-resistance rated assemblies. U
systems shall be balanced by duct sizing with balancing de- 510.' Suppression required. Ducts shall be protected with an
vices, such as dampers. Dampers provided to balance approved automatic fire suppression system installed in accor-
air-flow shall be provided with securely fixed minimum-po- dance with the Building Code of New York State.
sition blocking devices to prevent restricting flow below the
Exceptions:
required volume or velocity.
510.5.2lEmnssionn cOJllltroR. The design of the system shall be 1. An approved automatic fire suppression system shall
such that the emissions are confined to the area in which not be required in ducts conveying materials, fumes,
they are generated by air currents, hoods or enclosures and mists and vapors that are nonflammable and
shall be exhausted by a duct system to a safe location or noncombustible under all conditions and at any con-
treated by removing contaminants. centrations.
510.5.3 Hoods re([j[ufired. Hoods or enclosures shall be used 2. An approved automatic fire suppression system
where contaminants originate in a limited area of a space. shall not be required in ducts where the largest
The design of the hood or enclosure shall be such that air cross-sectional diameter of the duct is less than 10
inches (254 mm).
currents created by the exhaust systems will capture the con-
taminants and transport them directly to the exhaust duct. 3. For laboratories, as defined in Section 510.1, auto-
matic fire protection systems shall not be required in
510.5.4 Contamnnnant capture and diRutionn. The velocity
laboratory hoods or exhaust systems.
and circulation of air in work areas shall be such that con-
taminants are captured by an airstream at the area where the 510.8 Dud COJ!llsb"ll1dioJlll. Ducts utilized to convey hazardous
emissions are generated and conveyed into a product-con- exhaust shall be constructed of approved 090 galvanized sheet
veying duct system. Contaminated air from work areas steel, with a minimum nominal thickness as specified in Table
where hazardous contaminants are generated shall be di- 510.8.
luted below the thresholds specified in Section 510.2 with Nonmetallic ducts utilized in systems exhausting nonflam-
air that does not contain other hazardous contaminants. mable corrosive fumes or vapors shall be listed and labeled.
510.5.5 Makeup afire Makeup air shall be provided at a rate Nonmetallic duct shall have a flame spread index of 25 or less
approximately equal to the rate that air is exhausted by the and a smoke-developed index of 50 or less, when tested in ac-
cordance with ASTM E 84. Ducts shall be approved for instal- TABLE 510.8.2
lation in such an exhaust system. CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES
TYPE OF EXHAUST OR CLEARANCE TO COMBUSTIBLES
Where the products being exhausted are detrimental to the TEMPERATURE OF EXHAUST (OF) (inches)
duct material, the ducts shall be constructed of alternative ma-
Less than 100 1
terials that are compatible with the exhaust.
100-600 12
TABLE 510.8
Flammable vapors 6
MINIMUM DUCT THICKNESS
TABLE 511.2
CONSTRUCTION, CLEARANCE AND TERMINAT~ON REQUIREMENTS FOR
SINGLE-WAll METAL CHIMNEYS
MINIMUM THICKNESS TERMINATI0 1\11 CLEARANCE
Combustible
Above any part of construction Noncombustible
Above building within (feet) (inches) construction
roof
CHIMNEYS Walls opening Interior Exterior anterior I Exterior
SERVING (inch) lining (feet) 10 25 50 inst. inst. inst. inst.
Low-heat appliances
0.127
(1,000°F normal None 3 2 - - 18 6
(No.IOMSG)
operation)
Up tol8" diameter, 2"
Medium-heat Up to 18" dia.-2 1/ 2" Over 18" diameter, 4"
0.127
appliances Over 18"-4 1/ 2" 10 - 10 - 36 24
(No. 10 MSG)
(2,000°F maximum)b On 4 1/ 2" bed
items subject to such inspections and tests. Such commission- The leakage area ratios shown do not include openings due
ing shall be in accordance with generally accepted engineering to doors, operable windows or similar gaps. These shall be in-
practice and, where possible, based on published standards for cluded in calculating the total leakage area.
the particular testing involved. The special inspections and
[B] 513.5.1. Leakage area. Total leakage area of the barrier
tests required by this section shall be conducted under the same
is the product of the smoke barrier gross area times the al-
terms as found in Section 1704 of the Building Code of New
lowable leakage area ratio, plus the area of other openings
York State.
such as gaps and operable windows. Compliance shall be
[B] 513.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of determined by achieving the minimum air pressure differ-
smoke control systems to be employed, their methods of opera- ence across the barrier with the system in the smoke control
tion, the systems supporting them, and the methods of con- mode for mechanical smoke control systems.
struction to be utilized shall accompany the submitted
[B] 513.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smoke barri-
construction documents and shall include, but not be limited to,
ers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated
the items indicated in Sections 513.4.1 through 513.4.6.
by the required controls for the mechanical smoke control
[B] 513.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such system. Door openings shall be protected by door assem-
that the maximum probable normal or reverse stack effects will blies complying with the requirements ofthe Building Code
not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. In deter- ofNew York State for doors in smoke barriers.
mining the maximum probable stack effects, altitude, eleva-
tion, weather history and interior temperatures shall be used. Exceptions:
[B] 513.4.2 Temperature effect offire. Buoyancy and expan- 1. Passive smoke control systems with auto-
sion caused by the design fire in accordance with Section matic-closing devices actuated by spot-type
513.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed such smoke detectors listed for releasing service in-
that these effects do not adversely interfere with its stalled in accordance with the Building Code of
capabilities. New York State.
2. Fixed openings between smoke zones which are
[B] 513.4.3 Wind! effect. The design shall consider the ad-
protected utilizing the airflow method.
verse effects of wind. Such consideration shall be consistent
with the wind-loading provisions of the Building Code of 3. In Group 1-2 where such doors are installed across
New York State. corridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors with-
out a center mullion shall be installed having vi-
[B] 513.4.4 HVAC systems. The design shall consider the ef- sion panels with approved fire-rated glazing
fects of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) materials in approved fire-rated frames, the area of
systems on both smoke and fire transport. The analysis shall which shall not exceed that tested. The doors shall
include all permutations of systems' status. The design shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances, and
consider the effects of fire on the HVAC systems. shall not have undercuts, louvers or grilles. The
[B] 513.4.5 Cnimate. The design shall consider the effects doors shall have head and jamb stops, astragals or
of low temperatures on systems, property and occupants. rabbets at meeting edges and automatic-closing
Air inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prevent snow devices. Positive latching devices are not required.
or ice blockage. 4. Group 1-3.
[B] 513.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active 5. Openings between smoke zones with clear ceiling
or passive smoke control systems shall be capable of contin- heights of 14 feet (4267 mm) or greater and bank
ued operation after detection of the fire event for not less down capacity of greater than 20 minutes as deter-
than 20 minutes. mined by the design fire size.
[B] 513.5 Smoke barrier construction. Smoke barriers shall [8] 513.5.2.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts
comply with the Building Code ofNew York State. Smoke bar- and air transfer openings are required to be protected
riers shall be constructed and sealed to limit leakage areas ex- with a minimum Class II, 250°F (121°C) smoke damper
clusive of protected openings. The maximum allowable complying with the Building Code ofNew York State.
leakage area shall be the aggregate area calculated using the
[B] 513.6 Pressurization method. The primary mechanical
following leakage area ratios:
means of controlling smoke shall be by pressure differences
1. Walls: A/A w = 0.00100 across smoke barriers. Maintenance of a tenable environment
2. Exit enclosures: A/Aw = 0.00035 is not required in the smoke control zone of fire origin.
3. All other shafts: A/A w = 0.00150 [8] 513.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. The minimum
pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be
4. Floors and roofs: A/A F = 0.00050 0.05-inch water gage (12.4 Pa) in fully-sprinklered build-
where: ings.
A = Total leakage area, square feet (m 2). In buildings permitted to be other than fully sprinklered,
2
the smoke control system shall be designed to achieve pres-
A F = Unit floor or roof area of barrier, square feet (m ).
sure differences at least two times the maximum calculated
A w = Unit wall area of barrier, square feet (m 2). pressure difference produced by the design fire.
[B] 511.3.6.2 MIDilllmIillID jpllreSSlllllre dffifeJrell1lce. The maximum mitted to utilize the exhaust method. The design exhaust
air pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be deter- volumes shall be in accordance with this section.
mined by required door-opening or closing forces. The actual [B] 5Jl3.8.Jl JEXIht21lLllSt Jrate. The height of the lowest horizon-
force required to open exit doors when the system is in the tal surface of the accumulating smoke layer shall be main-
smoke control mode shall be in accordance with the Building tained at least 10 feet (3048 mm) above any walking surface
Code ofNew York State. Opening and closing forces for other which forms a portion of a required egress system within the
doors shall be determined by standard engineering methods for smoke zone. The required exhaust rate for the zone shall be
the resolution of forces and reactions. The calculated force to the largest of the calculated plume mass flow rates for the
set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall be deter- possible plume configurations. Provisions shall be made for
mined by: natural or mechanical supply of outside air from outside or
adjacent smoke zones to make up for the air exhausted.
F= F dc+K(WAM)/2(W-d) Makeup airflow rates, when measured at the potential fire lo-
cation, shall not exceed 200 feet per minute (1.02 m/s) toward
where: the fire. The temperature of the makeup air shall be such that
it does not expose temperature-sensitive fire protection sys-
A = Door area, square feet (m 2).
tems beyond their limits.
d = Distance from door handle to latch edge of door,
DR] 5Jl3.8.2 AXllsymmdlI"llC phllmes. The plume mass flow
feet (m).
rate (mp ), in pounds per second (kg/s), shall be determined
F = Total door opening force, pounds (N). by placing the design fire center on the axis of the space be-
F dc = Force required to overcome closing device, ing analyzed. The limiting flame height shall be determined
pounds (N). by:
p = Density of air at the temperature of the smoke layer, The design fire shall be based on the analysis in accordance
pounds per cubic feet (T: in °F)[kg/m3 (T: in °C)]. with Section 513.4 and this section.
[B] 513.8.3 Balcony spill plumes. The plume mass flow [B] 513.9.1 Factors considered. The engineering analysis
rate (mp ) for spill plumes shall be determined using the geo- shall include the characteristics of the fuel, fuel load, effects
metrically probable width based on architectural elements included by the fIre, and whether the fIre is likely to be steady
and projections in the following formula: or unsteady.
[8] 513.9.2 Separation distance. Determination of the de-
(Equatiimn 5-6) sign fire shall include consideration of the type of fuel, fuel
spacing and confIguration. The ratio of the separation dis-
For SI: mp = 0.36(QW2)l/3(Zb + 0.25H) tance to the fuel equivalent radius shall not be less than 4.
The fuel equivalent radius shall be the radius of a circle of
where:
equal area to floor area of the fuel package. The design fIre
H = Height above fIre to underside of balcony, feet (m). shall be increased if other combustibles are within the sepa-
mp = Plume mass flow rate, pounds per second (kg/s). ration distance as determined by:
to which they are exposed as determined in accordance with tem susceptible to power surges shall be suitably protected by
Section 513.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported conditioners, suppressors or other approved means.
in accordance with Chapter 6. Ducts shall be leak tested to
[B] 513.112 JI)dednorrn arrnd corrntJroll systems. Fire detection sys-
1.5 times the maximum design pressure in accordance with
tems providing control input or output signals to mechanical
nationally accepted practices. Measured leakage shall not
smoke control systems or elements thereof shall comply with the
exceed 5 percent of design flow. Results of such testing shall
requirements of Chapter 9 of the Building Code of New York
be a part of the documentation procedure. Ducts shall be
State and NFPA 72. Such systems shall be equipped with a con-
supported directly from fire-resistance-rated structural ele-
trol unit complying with UL 864 and listed as smoke control
ments of the building by substantial, noncombustible sup-
equipment.
ports.
Control systems for mechanical smoke control systems shall
ExcejplaiolIJl: Flexible connections, for the purpose of vibra- include provisions for verification. Verification shall include
tion isolation, that are constructed of approved fire-resis- positive confirmation of actuation, testing, manual override,
tance-rated materials. the presence of power downstream of all disconnects and,
[8] 513.10.3 EGlllllnpmelIJla9 nlIJllleas amll ollllalleas. Equipment through a preprogrammed weekly test sequence report, abnor-
shall be located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of mal conditions audibly, visually and by printed report.
the building to an additional fire hazard. Outdoor air inlets [B] 513.12.1 Wnll"nrrng. Xn addition to meeting the require-
shall be located so as to minimize the potential for introduc- ments of Chapter 27 of the Building Code ofNew York State,
ing smoke or flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall all wiring, regardless of voltage, shall be fully enclosed
be so located as to minimize reintroduction of smoke into within continuous raceways.
the building and to limit exposure of the building or adjacent
buildings to an additional fire hazard. [IF] 5113.12.2 AdnwaanolIJl. Smoke control systems shall be
activated in accordance with the Building Code ofNew York
[B] 5113.10.41 Allllaomaafic dampeJrs. Automatic dampers, re- State.
gardless of the purpose for which they are installed within
the smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the [IF] 513,].2.3 A1lllaom.aanc c([})jrnaJroll. Where completely auto-
requirements of approved recognized standards. matic control is required or used, the automatic control se-
quences shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned
[B] 5:D.3.10.5 ID'alIJls. ][n addition to other requirements, automatic sprinkler system complying with Section
belt-driven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts re- 903.3.1.1 of the Fire Code ofNew York State or from manual
quired for the design duty with the minimum number of belts controls that are readily accessible to the fire department,
being two. Fans shall be selected for stable performance based and any smoke detectors required by engineering analysis.
on normal temperature and, where applicable, elevated tem-
perature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan curves shall be
[8] 5113.13 COlIJltJrollaan!I" t1lll1b>nrrng. Control-air tubing shall be of
sufficient size to meet the required response times. Tubing
part of the documentation procedures. Fans shall be supported
shall be flushed clean and dry prior to final connections.
and restrained by noncombustible devices in accordance with
Tubing shall be adequately supported and protected from dam-
the structural design requirements of the Building Code ofNew
age. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be
York State. Motors driving fans shall not be operating beyond
sleeved and protected from abrasion and electrolytic action.
their nameplate horsepower (kilowatts) as determined from
measurement of actual current draw. Motors driving fans shall [JR] 513.13.1 MateJrnalls. Control-air tubing shall be
have a minimum service factor of 1.15. hard-drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM
B 42, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251
[B] 513.11 Powell" sysaems. The smoke control system shall be and ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass,
supplied with two sources of power. Primary power shall be the solder type in accordance with ASME B16.18 or ASME
normal building power systems. Secondary power shall be B16.22. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate
from an approved standby source complying with Chapter 27 tool bends. Brass compression-type fittings shall be used at
of the Building Code of New York State. The standby power final connection to devices; other joints shall be brazed using
source and its transfer switches shall be in a separate room from a BCuP5 brazing alloy with solidus above l,lOO°F (593°C)
the normal power transformers and switch gear and shall be en- and liquids below 1,500°F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be
closed in a room of not less than I-hour fire-resistance-rated used on copper-to-brass joints only.
construction, ventilated directly to and from the exterior.
Power distribution from the two sources shall be by independ- Exceptioll1l: Nonmetallic tubing used within control pan-
ent routes. Transfer to full standby power shall be automatic els and at the final connection to devices provided all of
and within 60 seconds of failure of the primary power. The sys- the following conditions are met:
tems shall comply with Chapter 27 of the Building Code ofNew 1. Tubing shall be listed by an approved agency for
York State. flame and smoke characteristics.
[B] 5Jl.3.11J!.J. PoweJr smllJrces arrnd poweJr SllllJrges. Elements of 2. Tubing and connected device shall be completely
the smoke management system relying on volatile memories enclosed within a galvanized or paint-grade steel
or the like shall be supplied with uninterruptible power enclosure of not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 mm)
sources of sufficient duration to span IS-minute primary (No. 22 galvanized sheet gage) thickness. Entry to
power interruption. Elements of the smoke management sys- the enclosure shall be by copper tubing with a pro-
EXHAUST SYSTEMS
SEC'f~ON ®dJJ2
SEC1f~ON 6(Q)~ PlENUJMS
GENERAL
602.Jl GeJrneIraTI. Supply, return, exhaust, relief and ventilation
60:ll..:D. Scope. Duct systems used for the movement of air in air plenums shall be limited to uninhabited crawl spaces, areas
air-conditioning, heating, ventilating and exhaust systems shall above a ceiling or below the floor, attic spaces and mechanical
conform to the provisions of this chapter except as otherwise equipment rooms. Plenums shall be limited to one fire area.
specified in Chapters 5 and 7. Fuel-fired appliances shall not be installed within a plenum.
ExceptuoJrn: Ducts discharging combustible material di- 602.2 COD.stJr'lillctllOIl1l. Plenum enclosures shall be constructed
rectly into any combustion chamber shall conform to the re- of materials permitted for the type of construction classifica-
quirements of NFPA 82. tion of the building.
[B] 60:[.2 AnIr mowemeJrnt nll] egIress eTIemellilts. Exit passage- The use of gypsum boards to form plenums shall be limited to
ways and exit access corridors shall not serve as supply, return, systems where the air temperatures do not exceed 125 OF (52°C)
exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts or plenums except as per- and the building and mechanical system design conditions are
mitted by the Building Code ofNew York State. such that the gypsum board surface temperature will be main-
tained above the airstream dew-point temperature. Air plenums
]Excep1tumlls:
formed by gypsum boards shall not be incorporated in air-han-
1. Use of a corridor as a source of makeup air for exhaust dling systems utilizing evaporative coolers.
systems in rooms that open directly onto such corri- 602.2J. M211teJrll21TIs exposed! within piellmms. Except as re-
dors, including toilet rooms, bathrooms, dressing quired by Sections 602.2.1.1 through 602.2.1.5, materials
rooms, smoking lounges and janitor closets, shall be exposed within plenums shall be noncombustible or shall
permitted, provided that each such corridor is directly have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a
supplied with outdoor air at a rate greater than the rate smoke-developed index of not more than 50 when tested in
of makeup air taken from the corridor. accordance with ASTM E 84.
2. Where located within a dwelling unit, the use of corri-
JExceptimlls:
dors for conveying return air shall not be prohibited.
3. Where located within tenant spaces of 1,000 square 1. Rigid and flexible ducts and connectors shall con-
feet (93 m2) or less in area, utilization of corridors for form to Section 603.
conveying return air is permitted. 2. Duct coverings, linings, tape and connectors shall
conform to Sections 603 and 604.
[B] 60:D..2.:TI. COIrIruldloIr cemlffig. Use of the space between the
corridor ceiling and the floor or roof structure above as a re- 3. This section shall not apply to materials exposed
turn air plenum is permitted for one or more of the following within plenums in one- and two-family dwellings.
conditions: 4. This section shall not apply to smoke detectors.
1. The corridor is not required to be of fire-resis- 5. Combustible materials enclosed in approved gyp-
tance-rated construction; sum board assemblies or enclosed in materials
listed and labeled for such application.
2. The corridor is separated from the plenum by fire-re-
sistance-rated construction; 6([D2.2.Jl.:D. WftIrllll1lg. Combustible electrical or electronic
wiring methods and materials, optical fiber cable, and
3. The air-handling system serving the corridor is shut
down upon activation of the air-handling unit smoke optical fiber raceway exposed within a plenum shall have
a peak optical density not greater than 0.50, an average
detectors required by this code;
optical density not greater than 0.15, and a flame spread
4. The air-handling system serving the corridor is shut not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) when tested in accor-
down upon detection of sprinkler waterflow where dance with NFPA 262. Only type OFNP (plenum rated
the building is equipped throughout with an automatic nonconductive optical fiber cable) shall be installed in
sprinkler system; or plenum-rated optical fiber raceways. Wiring, cable and
5. The space between the corridor ceiling and the floor raceways addressed in this section shall be listed and la-
or roof structure above the corridor is used as a com- beled as plenum rated and shall be installed in accor-
ponent of an approved engineered smoke control sys- dance with Chapter 27 of the Building Code ofNew York
tem. State.
601.3 COll1ltamnlmntumll pIreweJrn1tnoIl1l. Exhaust ducts under posi- 602.2.Jl.2 FftIre sjpllrllJrnlklleIr pfipnllllg. Plastic fire sprinkler pip-
tive pressure, chimneys, and vents shall not extend into or pass ing exposed within a plenum shall be used only in wet pipe
through ducts or plenums. systems and shall have a peak optical density not greater
than 0.50, an average optical density not greater than 0.15, floods up to the design flood elevation. If the plenum spaces are
and a flame spread of not greater than 5 feet (1524 mm) located below the design flood elevation, they shall be capable of
when tested in accordance with UL 1887. Piping shall be resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and stresses, in-
listed and labeled. cluding the effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence of flood-
602.2.1.3 Pneumatic tubing. Combustible pneumatic ing to the design flood elevation.
tubing exposed within a plenum shall have a peak optical
density not greater than 0.50, an average optical density
not greater than 0.15, and a flame spread of not greater SECTION 603
than 5 feet (1524 mm) when tested in accordance with DUCT CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION
UL 1820. Combustible pneumatic tubing shall be listed 603.1 General. An air distribution system shall be designed
and labeled. and installed to supply the required distribution of air. The in-
602.2.1.4 Combustible electrical equipment. Combus- stallation of an air distribution system shall not affect the fire
tible electrical equipment exposed within a plenum shall protection requirements specified in the Building Code ofNew
have a peak rate of heat release not greater than 100 kilo- York State. Ducts shall be constructed, braced, reinforced and
watts, a peak optical density not greater than 0.50 and an installed to provide structural strength and durability.
average optical density not greater than 0.15 when tested 6Q)3.2 Duct sizing. Ducts installed within a single dwelling
in accordance with UL 2043. Combustible electrical unit shall be sized in accordance with ACCA Manual D or other
equipment shall be listed and labeled. approved methods. Ducts installed within all other buildings
602.2.1.5 Foam plastic insulation. Foam plastic insula- shall be sized in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbook of
tion used as wall or ceiling finish in plenums shall exhibit Fundamentals or other equivalent computation procedure.
a flame spread index of 75 or less and a smoke-developed 6Q)3.3 Duct classification. Ducts shall be classified based on
index of 450 or less when tested in accordance with the maximum operating pressure of the duct at pressures of
ASTM E 84 and shall also comply with Section positive or negative 0.5, 1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,6.0 or 10.0 inches of
602.2.1.5.1,602.2.1.5.2 or 602.2.1.5.3. water column. The pressure classification of ducts shall equal
602.2.1.5.1 Separation required. The foam plastic or exceed the design pressure of the air distribution in which the
insulation shall be separated from the plenum by a ducts are utilized.
thermal barrier complying with Section 2603 A of the 603.4 Metanic ducts. All metallic ducts shall be constructed as
Building Code of New York State. specified in the SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Stan-
602.2.1.5.2 Approval. The foam plastic insulation dards-Metal and Flexible.
shall be approved based on tests conducted in accor- Exception: Ducts installed within single dwelling units
dance with Section 2603.8 of the Building Code ofNew shall have a minimum thickness as specified in Table 603 A.
York State.
TABLE 603.4
602.2.1.5.3 Covering. The foam plastic insulation DUCl CONSTRUCTION MIN~MUM SHEET METAL
shall be covered by corrosion-resistant steel having a THICKNIESSES FOR SINGLE DWELLING UNITS
base metal thickness of not less than 0.0160 inch (004 GALVANIZED
mm).
Minimum Equivalent APPROXIMATE
602.3 Stud cavity and joist space plenums. Stud wall cavities thickness Galvanized ALUMINUM B&S
DUCT SIZE (inches) Gage No. GAGE
and the spaces between solid floor joists to be utilized as air
plenums shall comply with the following conditions: Round ducts and enclosed
1. Such cavities or spaces shall not be utilized as a plenum Rectangular ducts
for supply air. 14" or less 0.013 30 26
Over 14" 0.016 28 24
2. Such cavities or spaces shall not be part of a required
fire-resistance-rated assembly. Exposed rectangular ducts
14" or less 0.016 28 24
3. Stud wall cavities shall not convey air from more than
Over 14" 0.019 26 22
one floor level.
4. Stud wall cavities and joist space plenums shall comply For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
with the floor penetration protection requirements of the 603.5 Nonmetallic ducts. Nonmetallic ducts shall be con-
Building Code ofNew York State. structed with Class 0 or Class 1 duct material in accordance with
5. Stud wall cavities and joist space plenums shall be iso- UL 181. Fibrous duct construction shall conform to the
lated from adjacent concealed spaces by approved SMACNA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards or
fireblocking as required in the Building Code of New NAIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards. The max-
York State. imum air temperature within nonmetallic ducts shall not exceed
250°F (121 °C).
[B] 602.4 Flood hazard. For structures located in flood hazard
areas, plenum spaces shall be located above the design flood ele- 603.5.1 Gypsu.m duds. The use of gypsum boards to form
vation or shall be designed and constructed to prevent water air shafts (ducts) shall be limited to return air systems where
from entering or accumulating within the plenum spaces during the air temperatures do not exceed 125 OF (52°C) and the
gypsum board surface temperature is maintained above the nonmetallic ducts shall be constructed as specified in
airstream dew-point temperature. Air ducts formed by gyp- SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards-Metal and
sum boards shall not be incorporated in air-handling sys- Flexible and SMACNA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction
tems utilizing evaporative coolers. Standards or NAIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Stan-
603.6 FllexnbHe anJr lrll1Ulds alllllrll1filexiblle anJr \CorrnIl1Hedolrs. Flexible dards. All longitudinal and transverse joints, seams and con-
air ducts, both metallic and nonmetallic, shall comply with Sec- nections shall be sealed in accordance with Section 803.2.8 of
tions 603.6.1, 603.6.1.1, 603.6.3 and 603.6.4. Flexible air con- the Energy Conservation Construction Code of New York
nectors, both metallic and nonmetallic, shall comply with State.
Sections 606.6.2 through 603.6.4. 603,].0 S1UlPPOJrtS. Ducts shall be supported with approved
603.6.JilFHexnbHe 2nlr lrll1Ulds. Flexible air ducts, both metallic hangers at intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm) or by
and nonmetallic, shall be tested in accordance with UL 181. other approved duct support systems designed in accordance
Such ducts shall be listed and labeled as Class 0 or Class 1 with the Building Code of New York State. Flexible and other
flexible air ducts and shall be installed in accordance with factory-made ducts shall be supported in accordance with the
Section 304.1. manufacturer's installation instructions.
603.6.Ji.Ji D1Uld HeJrngtlhl. Flexible air ducts shall not be 603.:ll.Ji1FllBlrJf!l2l\Ce \Co1l1lH1ledioJf!ls. Ducts connecting to a furnace
limited in length. shall have a clearance to combustibles in accordance with the
603.6.2 lFHexnblle anJr \CorrnlllledoJrs. Flexible air connectors, furnace manufacturer's installation instructions.
both metallic and nonmetallic, shall be tested in accordance 603.Jl2 CmJl(llell1lsatnl3ll1l. Provisions shall be made to prevent the
with UL 181. Such connectors shall be listed and labeled as formation of condensation on the exterior of any duct.
Class 0 or Class 1 flexible air connectors and shall be in-
stalled in accordance with Section 304.1. [B] 603.Jl3 Fllol3dlihlazan1l2lreas. For structures in flood hazard
areas, ducts shall be located above the design flood elevation or
603.6.2.Ji Corrnlllledolr llerrngtihl. Flexible air connectors
shall be designed and constructed to prevent water from entering
shall be limited in length to 14 feet (4267 mm).
or accumulating within the ducts during floods up to the design
603.6.2.2 Cl3rrnrrnedl3lr jplelllletlr2tn13rrn llnmit2tnl3rrns. Flexible flood elevation. If the ducts are located below the design flood
air connectors shall not pass through any wall, floor or elevation, the ducts shall be capable of resisting hydrostatic and
ceiling. hydrodynamic loads and stresses, including the effects of buoy-
603.6.3 AnJr temJ[Deratmre. The design temperature of air to ancy, during the occurrence of flooding to the design flood ele-
be conveyed in flexible air ducts and flexible air connectors vation.
shall be less than 250°F (121 DC). 6(J)3.Jl4 [Al\CatnOll1l. Ducts shall not be installed in or within 4
603.6.~ FRexnbne anJr dl1Uld arrndl anlr \Cl3rrnrrnedolr dealr2ll1l\Ce. inches (102 mm) of the earth, except where such ducts comply
Flexible air ducts and air connectors shall be installed with a with Section 603.8.
minimum clearance to an appliance as specified in the appli-
603.Ji5 Me\Cihlank2ll IPllwtednoll1l. Ducts installed in locations
ance manufacturer's installation instructions.
where they are exposed to mechanical damage by vehicles or
603.7 Rignlrlllrll1Uld jplell1letlratnl3ll1ls. Duct system penetrations of from other causes shall be protected by approved barriers.
walls, floors, ceilings and roofs and air transfer openings in
such building components shall be protected as required by 603,].6 Weather protedimJl. All ducts including linings, cov-
Section 607. erings and vibration isolation connectors installed on the exte-
rior of the building shall be adequately protected against the
603.8 Ull1ldeJrglrmlmll lrll1Ulds. Ducts shall be approved for un- elements.
derground installation. Metallic ducts not having an approved
protective coating shall be completely encased in a minimum 603.Jl71R.egisters? gJrmes aJ[Jldl lrlliff1Ulsers. Duct registers, grilles
of 2 inches (51 mm) of concrete. and diffusers shall be installed in accordance with the manufac-
turer's installation instructions. Balancing dampers or other
603.8.]1 Slll3pe. Ducts shall slope to allow drainage to a point
means of supply air adjustment shall be provided in the branch
provided with access. ducts or at each individual duct register, grille or diffuser.
603.8.2 Sea]nll1lg. Ducts shall be sealed and secured prior to
pouring the concrete encasement. 603J.7.JilFHoI3Jr regnsteIrs. Floor registers shall resist, with-
out structural failure, a 200-pound (90.8 kg) concentrated
603.8.3 PR2Stk lrll1Ulds and! fnttnll1lgs. Plastic ducts shall be con- load on a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) disc applied to the most
structed of PVC having a minimum pipe stiffness of 8 psi (55 critical area of the exposed face.
kPa) at 5-percent deflection when tested in accordance with
ASTM D 2412. Plastic duct fittings shall be constructed of ei-
ther PVC or high-density polyethylene. Plastic duct and fit-
tings shall be utilized in underground installations only. The SlECT~ON 1504
maximum design temperature for systems utilizing plastic ~NSUlAT~ON
duct and fittings shall be 150°F (66°C). 604tJl GeneIraH. Duct insulation shall conform to the require-
603.9 ]onJl1lts? seams 2mll \Cmmednl3ll1ls. All longitudinal and ments of Sections 604.2 through 604.13 and the Energy Con-
Iil transverse joints, seams and connections in metallic and servation Construction Code ofNew York State.
604.2 Surface temperature. Ducts that operate at temperatures 604.11 Vapor r~tarders. Where ducts used for cooling are ex-
exceeding 120°F (49°C) shall have sufficient thermal insulation ternally insulated, the insulation shall be covered with a vapor
0
to limit the exposed surface temperature to 120 P (49°C). retarder having a maximum permeance of 0.05 perm [2.87
ng/(Pa. s· m 2)] or aluminum foil having a minimum thickness
604.3 Coverings and linings. Coverings and linings, includ-
of 2 mils (0.051 mm). Insulations having a permeance of 0.05
ing adhesives when used, shall have a flame spread index not
perm [2.87 ng/(P. s .m2 )] or less shall not be required to be cov-
more than 25 and a smoke-developed index not more than 50,
ered. All joints and seams shall be sealed to maintain the conti-
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, using the speci-
I men preparation and mounting procedures of ASTM E2231.
Duct coverings and linings shall not flame, glow, smolder or
nuity of the vapor retarder.
6llll4.12 Weath~Irproof barriers. Insulated exterior ducts shall
smoke when tested in accordance with ASTM C 411 at the tem- be protected with an approved weatherproof barrier.
perature to which they are exposed in service. The test tempera- 6llll4.13 Hntemall insulation. Materials used as internal insula-
0
ture shall not fall below 250 P (121 DC). tion and exposed to the airstream in ducts shall be shown to be
durable when tested in accordance with UL 181. Exposed in-
I 604.4 Foam plastic insulation. Foam plastic used as duct
coverings and linings shall conform to the requirements of Sec-
tion 604 and the Building Code of New York State.
ternal insulation that is not impermeable to water shall not be
used to line ducts or plenums from the exit of a cooling coil to
the downstream end of the drain pan.
604.5 Appliance insulation. Listed and labeled appliances that
are internally insulated shall be considered as conforming to the
requirements of Section 604. SECTION 605
604.6 Penetration of assemblies. Duct coverings shall not pen- AIR FILTERS
etrate a wall or floor required to have a fIre-resistance rating or 605.1 General. Heating and air-conditioning systems of the
required to be frreblocked. central type shall be provided with approved air fIlters. Filters
[Ee] 604.7 Identification. External duct insulation and fac- shall be installed in the return air system, upstream from any heat
tory-insulated flexible duct shall be legibly printed or identi- exchanger or coil, in an approved convenient location. Liquid
fIed at intervals not greater than 36 inches (914 mm) with the adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point not
name of the manufacturer, the thermal resistance R-value at the lower than 325°P (163°C).
specified installed thickness and the flame spread and 605.2 ApprovaL Media-type and electrostatic-type air fIlters
smoke-developed indexes of the composite materials. All duct shall be listed and labeled. Media-type air fIlters shall comply
insulation product R-values shall be based on insulation only, with UL 900. High efficiency particulate air fIlters shall com-I
excluding air fIlms, vapor retarders or other duct components, ply with UL 586. Electrostatic-type air fIlters shall comply
and shall be based on tested C-values at 75 OF (24°C) mean with UL 867. Air fIlters utilized within dwelling units shall be
temperature at the installed thickness, in accordance with rec- designed for the intended application and shall not be required
ognized industry procedures. The installed thickness of duct to be listed and labeled.
insulation used to determine its R-values shall be determined as 605.3 Airflow over the fiBteJr. Ducts shall be constructed to al-
follows: Iowan even distribution of air over the entire fIlter.
1. For duct board, duct liner and factory-made rigid ducts
not normally subjected to compression, the nominal in-
sulation thickness shall be used. SECTION 606
2. For duct wrap, the installed thickness shall be assumed to SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS CONTROL
be 75 percent (25-percent compression) of nominal 606J. Controis required. Air distribution systems shall be
thickness. equipped with smoke detectors listed and labeled for installation
3. For factory-made flexible air ducts, the installed thick- in air distribution systems, as required by this section.
ness shall be determined by dividing the difference be- 606.2 Where Jr~quired. Smoke detectors shall be installed
tween the actual outside diameter and nominal inside where indicated in Sections 606.2.1 through 606.2.3.
diameter by two.
ExcelPtioJrn: Smoke detectors shall not be required where air
604.8 Lining installation. Linings shall be interrupted at the distribution systems are incapable of spreading smoke be-
area of operation of a fIre damper and at a minimum of 6 inches yond the enclosing walls, floors and ceilings of the room or
(152 mm) upstream of and 6 inches (152 mm) downstream of space in which the smoke is generated.
electric-resistance and fuel-burning heaters in a duct system.
606.2.1 JR~tU1l1rn air systems. Smoke detectors shall be in-
Metal nosings or sleeves shall be installed over exposed duct
stalled in return air systems with a design capacity greater
liner edges that face opposite the direction of airflow.
than 2,000 dm (0.9 m3/s), in the return air duct or plenum
604.9 Thermal continuity. Where a duct liner has been inter- upstream of any fIlters, exhaust air connections, outdoor air
rupted, a duct covering of equal thermal performance shall be connections, or decontamination equipment and appli-
installed. ances.
604.10 Service openings. Service openings shall not be con- lExceptioll1l: Smoke detectors are not required in the re-
cealed by duct coverings unless the exact location of the open- turn air system where all portions of the building served
ing is properly identified. by the air distribution system are protected by area
smoke detectors connected to a fire alarm system in ac- [[8] S!ECll~ON (501
cordance with Section 907.2 of the Fire Code of New [D)ll!JCTS ANlD A~Rlll[RANSFER OIPEN~NGS
York State. The area smoke detection system shall com- ([j)07.R GeIl1leJr'all. The provisions of this section shall govern the
ply with Section 606.4. protection of duct penetrations and air transfer openings in
606.2.2 COmmilllIl1l slllllPplly 2mllll"eallllm 2nll" sysaemms. Where fire-resistance-rated assemblies.
multiple air-handling systems share common supply or re- 607.R.R DllllC1t§ 2I11l([]l mJr' h'2IJ1l§fell" illljplelllilIJlgs wftallnilll1lJt dampell"s.
turn air ducts or plenums with a combined design capacity Ducts and air transfer openings that penetrate frre-resis-
greater than 2,000 cfm (0.9 m3/s), the return air system shall tance-rated assemblies and are not required to have dampers
be provided with smoke detectors in accordance with Sec- by this section shall comply with the requirements of Section
tion 606.2.1. 302 of this code or Section 712 of the Building Code ofNew
York State.
lExceJPltnmll~ Individual smoke detectors shall not be re-
quired for each fan-powered terminal unit, provided that 607.2 IIII1lstaHDatnmn. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combina-
such units do not have an individual design capacity tion fire/smoke dampers and ceiling dampers located within air
greater than 2,000 cfm (0.9 m 3/s) and will be shut down distribution and smoke control systems shall be installed in ac-
by activation of one of the following: cordance with the requirements of this section, and the
manufacturer's installation instructions and listing.
1. Smoke detectors required by Sections 606.2.1 and
606.2.3. ({i(J])7.2.R Smillllke CillllIll1tll"oll system. Where the installation of a
fire damper will interfere with the operation of a required
2. An approved area smoke detector system located
smoke control system in accordance with Section 513, ap-
in the return air plenum serving such units.
proved alternative protection shall be utilized.
3. An area smoke detector system as prescribed in the
exception to Section 606.2.1. 607.2.2 lH271all"[fiilllUlls ex!hl21llll§a (liJunds. Fire dampers for haz-
ardous exhaust duct systems shall comply with Section 510.
In all cases, the smoke detectors shall comply with Sec-
tions 606.4 and 606.4.1. 607 oJ [})2mpell" aesanlIllg 2]JJl({1l1l"2tnngs. Dampers shall be listed and
bear the label of an approved testing agency indicating compli-
606.2.3 Reallllll"II1l 2nll" ll"nsell"s. Where return air risers serve two ance with the standards in this section. Fire dampers shall comply
or more stories and serve any portion of a return air system with the requirements of UL 555. Only fire dampers labeled for
having a design capacity greater than 15,000 cfm (7.1 m3/s), use in dynamic systems shall be installed in heating, ventilation
smoke detectors shall be installed at each story. Such and air-conditioning systems designed to operate with fans on
smoke detectors shall be located upstream of the connection during a fire. Smoke dampers shall comply with the requirements
between the return air riser and any air ducts or plenums. ofUL 555S. Combination fire/smoke dampers shall comply with
the requirements of both UL 555 and UL 555S. Ceiling radiation
606.3 IIll1lst2llllatnoIl1l. Smoke detectors required by this section dampers shall comply with the requirements of UL 555C.
shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72. The required
smoke detectors shall be installed to monitor the entire airflow 6QD7oJ.R IFnll"e ]pll"illlaednilllIl1l11"2anIl1lg. Fire dampers shall have the
conveyed by the system including return air and exhaust or re- minimum fire protection rating specified in Table 607.3.1
lief air. Access shall be provided to smoke detectors for inspec- for the type of penetration.
tion and maintenance. TABlIE 607.3.1
IF~RlE IDlAMPIEIRl IRlAT~NG
606.4 COIl1ltll"olls illljp)ell"2anmn. Upon activation, the smoke detec-
tors shall shut down the air distribution system. Air distribution M~N~MUJM DAMPER
TVPE O~ ~IENIE1rIRlAT~ON IRlAT!NG (hour)
systems that are part of a smoke control system shall switch to
the smoke control mode upon activation of a detector. Less than 3-hour fire-resistance-rated 11/ 2
assemblies
606.4I.R §lllljplernSnilllIl1l. The duct smoke detectors shall be con-
nected to a fire alarm system. The actuation of a duct smoke 3-hour or greater fire-resistance-rated
3
detector shall activate a visible and audible supervisory signal assembies
at a constantly attended location.
6(J])7oJ.R.R IFnll"e [fiammpell" adllllatllIl1lg devnce. The fire
lExCelPanilllIl1lS~ damper actuating device shall meet one of the following
requirements:
1. The supervisory signal at a constantly attended loca-
tion is not required where the duct smoke detector ac- 1. The operating temperature shall be approximately
tivates the building's alarm-indicating appliances. 50 0 P (27.8°C) above the normal temperature within
the duct system, but not less than 160°F (71 °C).
2. In occupancies not required to be equipped with a
fire alarm system, actuation of a duct smoke detec- 2. The operating temperature shall be not more than
tor shall activate a visible and an audible signal in 286°F (141 °C) where located in a smoke control
an approved location. Duct smoke detector trouble system complying with Section 513.
conditions shall activate a visible or audible signal 3. Where a combination fire/smoke damper is lo-
in an approved location and shall be identified as cated in a smoke control system complying with
air duct detector trouble. Section 513, the operating temperature rating shall
55
DUCT SYSTEMS
be approximately 50°F (27.8°C) above the maxi- 607.5.1 Fire walls. Ducts and air transfer openings permit-
mum smoke control system designed operating ted in fire walls in accordance with Section 705.11 of the
temperature, or a maximum temperature of 350 of Building Code ofNew York State shall be protected with ap-
(177 DC). The temperature shall not exceed the UL proved fire dampers installed in accordance with their
555S degradation test temperature rating for a listing.
combination fire/smoke damper.
607.5.2 Fire barriers. Duct penetrations and air transfer
607.3.2 Smoke damper ratings. Smoke damper leakage openings in fire barriers shall be protected with approved
ratings shall not be less than Class II. Elevated temperature fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.
ratings shall be not less than 250°F (121 DC).
Exceptions: Fire dampers are not required at penetra-
607.3.2.1 Smoke damper actuation methods. The
tions of fire barriers where any of the following apply:
smoke damper shall close upon actuation of a listed
smoke detector or detectors installed in accordance with 1. Penetrations are tested in accordance with ASTM
Section 607 of this code and Section 907 of the Fire E 119 as part of the fire-resistance-rated assembly.
Code of New York State and one of the following meth- 2. Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke con-
ods, as applicable: trol system in accordance with Section 513.
1. Where a damper is installed within a duct, a smoke 3. Such walls are penetrated by ducted HVAC systems,
detector shall be installed in the duct within 5 feet have a required fire-resistance rating of 1 hour or less,
(1524 mm) of the damper with no air outlets or in- are in areas of other than Group H and are in build-
lets between the detector and the damper. The de- ings equipped throughout with an automatic sprin-
tector shall be listed for the air velocity, kler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
temperature and humidity anticipated at the point 903.3.1.2 of the Fire Code ofNew York State. For the
where it is installed. Other than in mechanical purposes of this exception, a ducted HVAC system
smoke control systems, dampers shall be closed shall be a duct system for the structure's HVAC sys-
upon fan shutdown where local smoke detectors tem. Such a duct system shall be constructed of sheet
require a minimum velocity to operate. metal not less than 26-gage (0.0217 inch) [0.55 mm]
2. Where a damper is installed above smoke barrier thickness and shall be continuous from the air-han-
doors in a smoke barrier, a spot-type detector listed dling appliance or equipment to the air outlet and in-
for releasing service shall be installed on either let terminals.
side of the smoke barrier door opening. 607.5.3 Fire partitions. Duct penetrations in fire partitions
3. Where a damper is installed within an unducted shall be protected with approved fire dampers installed in
opening in a wall, a spot-type detector listed for re- accordance with their listing.
leasing service shall be installed within 5 feet
(1524 mm) horizontally of the damper. Exceptions: In occupancies other than Group H, fire
4. Where a damper is installed in a corridor wall, the dampers are not required where any of the following apply:
damper shall be permitted to be controlled by a 1. The partitions are tenant separation and corridor
smoke detection system installed in the corridor.
5. Where a total-coverage smoke detector system is
provided within areas served by an HVAC system,
dampers shall be permitted to be controlled by the
smoke detection system.
walls in buildings equipped throughout with an au-
tomatic sprinkler system in accordance with Sec-
tion 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 of the Fire Code ofNew
York State and the duct is protected as a through
penetration in accordance with the Building Code
I
ofNew York State.
607.4 Access and identification. Fire and smoke dampers shall
be provided with an approved means of access, large enough to 2. The duct system is constructed of approved mate-
permit inspection and maintenance of the damper and its operat- rials in accordance with this code and the duct pen-
ing parts. The access shall not affect the integrity of etrating the wall meets all of the following
fire-resistance-rated assemblies. The access openings shall not minimum requirements.
reduce the fire-resistance rating of the assembly. Access points 2.1. The duct shall not exceed 100 square
shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label having inches (0.06 m 2).
letters not less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in height reading:
2.2. The duct shall be constructed of steel a
SMOKE DAMPER or FIRE DAMPER. Access doors in ducts
minimum of 0.0217-inch (0.55 mm) in
shall be tight fitting and suitable for the required duct
thickness.
construction.
2.3. The duct shall not have openings that com-
607.5 Where required. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combi- municate the corridor with adjacent spaces
nation fire/smoke dampers and ceiling radiation dampers shall or rooms.
be provided at the locations prescribed in this section. Where an
assembly is required to have both fire dampers and smoke damp- 2.4. The duct shall be installed above a ceiling.
ers, combination fire/smoke dampers or a fire damper and a 2.5. The duct shall not terminate at a wall regis-
smoke damper shall be required. ter in the fire-resistance-rated wall.
2.6. A minimum 12-inch-Iong (3048 mm) by 5. Where a total-coverage smoke detector system is
0.060-inch-thick (0.52 mm) steel sleeve provided within all areas served by an HVAC sys-
shall be centered in each duct opening. The tem, dampers shall be permitted to be controlled
sleeve shall be secured to both sides of the by the smoke detection system.
wall and all four sides of the sleeve with
minimum 1 1/ r inch by 1 1/ 2 -inch by 6070505 Silnaftl errndosllJln-eso Ducts and air transfer openings
0.060-inch (38 mm by 38 mm by 1.52 mm) shall not penetrate a shaft serving as an exit enclosure except
steel retaining angles. The retaining angles as permitted by Section 1019.1.2 of the Building Code of
shall be secured to the sleeve and the wall New York State.
with No. 10 (M5) screws. The annular
space between the steel sleeve and the wall 6t1D705050n JPeJIllean-atioll1ls oft' sl!1laift errndoslJ.llIreso Shaft en-
opening shall be filled with rock (mineral) closures that are permitted to be penetrated by ducts and
wool batting on all sides. air transfer openings shall be protected with approved
fire and smoke dampers installed in accordance with
607 050~ COIrIriitdloIrs/smoke lb>~IrIriieIrso A listed smoke damper their listing.
designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at
each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a smoke lEx(CeJPlaJiolIlls~
barrier wall or a corridor enclosure required to have smoke
and draft control doors in accordance with the Building Code 1. Fire dampers are not required at penetrations of
ofNew York State. Smoke dampers and smoke damper actua- shafts where:
tion methods shall comply with Section 607.5.4.1. 1.1. Steel exhaust subducts extend at least
22 inches (559 mm) vertically in ex-
lEx(CeJPlaiimns~
haust shafts provided there is a continu-
1. Smoke dampers are not required in corridor penetra- ous airflow upward to the outside; or
tions where the building is equipped throughout with
1.2. Penetrations are tested in accordance
an approved smoke control system in accordance
with ASTM E 119 as part of the frre-re-
with Section 513 and smoke dampers are not neces-
sistance-rated assembly;
sary for the operation and control of the system.
1.3. Ducts are used as part of an approved
2. Smoke dampers are not required in smoke barrier
smoke control system designed and in-
penetrations where the openings in ducts are lim-
stalled in accordance with Section 909
ited to a single smoke compartment and the ducts
of the Building Code ofNew York State,
are constructed of steel.
and where the frre damper will interfere
3. Smoke dampers are not required in corridor pene- with the operation of the smoke control
trations where the duct is constructed of steel not system; or
less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) in thickness and
there are no openings serving the corridor. 1.4. The penetrations are in parking garage
exhaust or supply shafts that are sepa-
607 050~on Smoke tdl~mJPleIro The smoke damper shall rated from other building shafts by not
close upon actuation of a listed smoke detector or detec- less than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated
tors installed in accordance with the Building Code of construction.
New York State and one of the following methods, as ap-
plicable: 2. In Group B occupancies, equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in accor-
1. Where a damper is installed within a duct, a smoke dance with Section 903.3.1.1 of the Fire Code
detector shall be installed in the duct within 5 feet of New York State, smoke dampers are not re-
(1524 mm) of the damper with no air outlets or in- quired at penetrations of shafts where:
lets between the detector and the damper. The de-
2.1. Bathroom and toilet room exhaust
tector shall be listed for the air velocity,
openings with steel exhaust subducts,
temperature and humidity anticipated at the point
having a wall thickness of at least 0.019 ,
where it is installed.
inch (0.48 mm) extend at least 22 inches
2. Where a damper is installed above smoke barrier (559 mm) vertically and the exhaust fan
doors in a smoke barrier, a spot-type detector listed at the upper terminus is powered contin-
for releasing service shall be installed on either uously in accordance with the provi-
side of the smoke barrier door opening. sions of Section 909.11 of the Building
3. Where a damper is installed within an unducted Code ofNew York State, and maintains
opening in a wall, a spot-type detector listed for re- airflow upward to the outside, or
leasing service shall be installed within 5 feet 2.2. Ducts are used as part of an approved
(1524 mm) horizontally of the damper. smoke control system designed and in-
4. Where a damper is installed in a corridor wall, the stalled in accordance with Section 909
damper shall be permitted to be controlled by a of the Building Code ofNew York State,
smoke detection system installed in the corridor. and where the smoke damper will inter-
57
DUCT SYSTEMS
fere with the operation of the smoke where subjected to ASTM E 119 time-temperature
control system. conditions under a minimum positive pressure dif-
3. Smoke dampers are not required at penetration ferential of 0.01 inch (2.49 Pa) of water at the loca-
of exhaust or supply shafts in parking garages tion of the penetration for the time period
that are separated from other building shafts by equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the con-
not less than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated struction penetrated.
construction. 5. Grille openings located in a ceiling of a fire-resis-
tance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly
4. In Group R occupancies, fire dampers and
shall be protected with a ceiling radiation damper
smoke dampers are not required at penetrations
in accordance with Section 607.6.2.
of individual bathroom/toilet room exhaust, do-
mestic clothes dryer exhaust and domestic 607.6.2 Membrane penetrations. Where duct systems con-
kitchen exhaust systems with steel exhaust structed of approved materials in accordance with this code
subducts which extend at least 22 inches (559 penetrate a ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or
mm) vertically in exhaust shafts, provided there roof/ceiling assembly, shaft enclosure protection is not re-
is a continuous air flow upward to the outside. quired provided an approved ceiling radiation damper is in-
stalled at the ceiling line. Where a duct is not attached to a
5. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combination
diffuser that penetrates a ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated
fire/smoke dampers and any similar device that
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly, shaft enclosure protec-
will obstruct the exhaust flow shall be prohib-
tion is not required, provided an approved ceiling radiation
ited in laboratory exhaust systems.
damper is installed at the ceiling line. Ceiling radiation damp-
6. Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combination ers shall be installed in accordance with UL 555C and con-
fire/smoke dampers and any similar device that structed in accordance with the details listed in a
will obstruct the exhaust flow shall be prohib- fire-resistance-rated assembly or shall be labeled to function
ited in clothes dryer exhaust systems. as a heat barrier for air-handling outlet/inlet penetrations in
7. Fire dampers and smoke dampers and any simi- the ceiling of a frre-resistance-rated assembly. Ceiling radia-
1ar device that will obstruct the exhaust flow tion dampers shall not be required where ASTM E 119 frre
shall be prohibited in commercial kitchen ex- tests have shown that ceiling radiation dampers are not neces-
haust systems. sary in order to maintain the frre-resistance rating of the as-
sembly. Ceiling radiation dampers shall not be required
607.6 Horizontal assemblies. Penetrations by air ducts of a where exhaust duct penetrations are protected in accordance
floor, floor/ceiling assembly or the ceiling membrane of a with Section 712.4.2 of the Building Code ofNew York State
roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected by a shaft enclosure and the exhaust ducts are located within the cavity of a wall
that complies with the Building Code ofNew York State or shall and do not pass through another dwelling unit or tenant space.
comply with this section.
607.6.3 Nonfnre-resistance-rated assemblies. Duct systems
607.6.1 Through penetrations. In occupancies other than constructed of approved materials in accordance with this
Groups 1-2 and 1-3, a duct and air transfer opening system code that penetrate nonfrre-resistance-rated floor assemblies
constructed of approved materials in accordance with this that connect not more than two stories are permitted without
code that penetrates a fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling as- shaft enclosure protection, provided that the annular space
sembly that connects not more than two stories is permitted between the assembly and the penetrating duct is filled with
without shaft enclosure protection provided a fire damper is an approved noncombustible material to resist the free pas-
installed at the floor line. sage of flame and the products of combustion. Duct systems
constructed of approved materials in accordance with this
Exception: A duct is permitted to penetrate three floors
code that penetrate nonrated floor assemblies that connect not
or less without a fire damper at each floor, provided it
more than three stories are permitted without shaft enclosure
meets all of the following requirements.
protection, provided that the annular space between the as-
1. The duct shall be contained and located within the sembly and the penetrating duct is filled with an approved
cavity of a wall and shall be constructed of steel not noncombustible material to resist the free passage of flame
less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) (26 gauge) in thick- and the products of combustion, and a frre damper is installed
ness. at each floor line.
2. The duct shall open into only one dwelling unit or Exception: Fire dampers are not required in ducts within
sleeping unit, and the duct system shall be continu- individual residential dwelling units.
ous from the unit to the exterior of the building.
607.7 FleXJibBe ducts and! anr connectors. Flexible ducts and air
3. The duct shall not exceed 4-inch (102 mm) nomi- connectors shall not pass through any frre-resistance-rated as-
nal diameter and the total area of such ducts shall sembly.
not exceed 100 square inches (64 516 mm2 ) for any
100 square feet (9.3 m 2) of the floor area.
4. The annular space around the duct is protected
with materials that prevent the passage of flame
and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste
•
and dilution air from the room or space.
707.
7~1.3 CnIrtC1llllla1nGl!ll G[ anIr. The equipment and appliances within
every room containing fuel-burning appliances shall be in- 7@2.2 AnIr [Jr'Gm 11hl~ sam~ IrGom GIr spatC~. The room or space
stalled so as to allow free circulation of air. Provisions shall be containing fuel-burning appliances shall be an unconfined
made to allow for the simultaneous operation of mechanical ex- space as defined in Section 202.
haust systems, fireplaces or other equipment and appliances 7~2.3 AnIr lfJr'Gm a«lljac~l!llt slP'atC~s. Where the volume of the
operating in the same room or space from which combustion room in which the fuel-burning appliances are located does not
and dilution air is being drawn. Such provisions shall prevent comply with Section 702.2, additional inside combustion and
the operation of such appliances, equipment and systems from dilution air shall be obtained by opening the room to adjacent
affecting the supply of combustion and dilution air. spaces so that the combined volume of all communicating
spaces meets the volumetric requirement of Section 702.2.
7~n.4l CIrawll slP'atC~ al!ll«ll aUk slPatC~. For the purposes of this
Openings connecting the spaces shall comply with Sections
chapter, an opening to a naturally ventilated crawl space or attic
702.3.1 and 702.3.2 and Figure 702.3.
space shall be considered equivalent to an opening to the out-
doors.
CHIMNEY OR VENT
7~:ll..41.:ll. CIrawll slP'atC~.
Where lower combustion air open-
ings connect with crawl spaces, such spaces shall have un-
obstructed openings to the outdoors at least twice that
required for the combustion air openings. The height of the
crawl space shall comply with the requirements of the
Building Code of New York State and shall be without ob-
struction to the free flow of air.
70:ll..4]'.2 AUk slP'atC~. Where combustion air is obtained from
an attic area, the attic ventilating openings shall not be sub-
ject to ice or snow blockage, and the attic shall have not less
than 30 inches (762 mm) vertical clear height at its maxi-
mum point. Attic ventilation openings shall be sufficient to
provide the required volume of combustion air and the attic
o
ventilation required by the Building Code ofNew York State.
The combustion air openings shall be provided with a sleeve
of not less than 0.019-inch (0.5 mm) (No. 26 Gage) galva-
nized steel or other approved material extending from the
fiGUJRE 702.3
appliance enclosure to at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the
All AiR FROM iNSiDE THE BUJilDiNG
top of the ceiling joists and insulation.
CHIMNEY OR VENT
702.3.1 Number and location of openings. Two openings
shall be provided, one within 1 foot (305 mm) of the ceiling
of the room and one within 1 foot (305 nun) of the floor.
702.3.2 Size of openings. The net free area of each opening,
calculated in accordance with Section 708, shall be a mini-
mum of 1 square inch per 1,000 Btulh (2201 mm2/kW) of
input rating of the fuel-burning appliances drawing com-
bustion and dilution air from the communicating spaces and
shall be not less than 100 square inches (64 516 nun 2).
ALTERNATE
AIR INLET
SECTION 103
OUTDOOR AIR CRAWLSPACE
VENTILATION
703.1 All air [rom the outdoors. Where all combustion and
dilution air is to be provided by outdoor air, the required com-
bustion and dilution air shall be obtained by opening the room FiGURE 703.1.1
to the outdoors. Openings connecting the room to the outdoor All AIR IFROM OUTDOORS - INLET AIR FROM VENTILATED
CRAWL SPACE
air shall comply with Sections 703.1.1 through 703.1.4 and
Figures 703.1.1 through 703.1.3. CHIMNEY OR VENT
SECTION 704
COMBINED USE OF INSIDE AND OUTDOOR AJR
(CONDITION 1)
704.1 Combination of air from inside and outdoors. This
INLET AIR DUCT
section shall apply only to appliances located in confined
spaces in buildings not of unusually tight construction. Where
the volumes of rooms and spaces are combined for the purpose
of providing indoor combustion air, such rooms and spaces
shall communicate through permanent openings in compliance
with Sections 702.3.1 and 702.3.2. The required combustion fiGURE 703.1.3
and dilution air shall be obtained by opening the room to the ALL AIR fROM OUTDOORS THROUGH HORIZONTAL DUCTS OR
DIRECT OPENINGS
outdoors using a combination of inside and outdoor air,
•
Btulh (440 mm2/kW) of total input of all appliances in the
space.
SECTION 709
LOUVERS AND GRillS
709.1 General. The required size of openings for combustion,
ventilation and dilution air shall be based on the free area of
each opening. Where the free area through a design of louver,
grill or screen is known, it shall be used in calculating the size
opening required to provide the free area specified. Where the
design and free area of louvers, grills or screens is not known, it
shall be assumed that wood louvers will have 25-percent free
area and metal louvers, grills and screens will have 50-percent
free area. Screens shall have a mesh size not smaller than 1/4
inch. Nonmotorized louvers and grills shall be fixed in the open
position. Motorized louvers shall be interlocked with the
equipment so that they are proven to be in the full open posi-
tion, by use of a blade position switch, prior to burner ignition
and during burner operation. Means shall be provided to pre-
vent the burner from igniting if the louvers fail to open during
burner start-up and to shut down the burner if the louvers close
during operation.
SECTION 710
OPENING LOCATION AND PROTECTION
710.1 General. Combustion air openings to the outdoors shall
comply with the location and protection provisions of Sections
401.5 and 401.6 applicable to outside air intake openings.
SE:Cll~(Q)i\ll 3(Q)~ masonry fireplace such that the flue gases are exhausted
GE:NIE~Al directly into the flue. The connector shall be provided with
access or shall be removable for inspection and cleaning of
801.11. §cGjple. This chapter shall govern the installation, mainte-
both the connector and the flue. Listed direct connection de-
nance, repair and approval offactory-built chimneys, chimney lin-
vices shall be installed in accordance with their listing.
ers, vents and connectors. This chapter shall also govern the
utilization of masonry chimneys. Gas-fired appliances shall be 80 1. JlJ. MudtipHe sollid fuell IPllwJl:llibitedlo A solid fuel-burning
vented in accordance with the Fuel Gas Code ofNew York State. appliance or fireplace shall not connect to a chimney passage-
SOI.2 Gell1leJrall. Every fuel-burning appliance shall discharge
way venting another appliance.
the products of combustion to a vent, factory-built chimney or 80:D.012 Clhnmll1ley elIJltll"31l1lCeo Connectors shall connect to a
masonry chimney, except for appliances vented in accordance chimney flue at a point not less than 12 inches (305 mm) above
with Section 804. The chimney or vent shall be designed for the the lowest portion of the interior of the chimney flue.
type of appliance being vented. 801.13 Clle~moUll1so Masonry chimney flues shall be provided
SOl.201 Onll~fiJrell1l applnall1lceso Oil-fIred appliances shall be with a cleanout opening having a minimum height of 6 inches
vented in accordance with this code and NFIPA 31. (152 mm). The upper edge of the opening shall be located not
S01.3 MasGlInJrY cl!nnmll1leyso Masonry chimneys shall be con- less than 6 inches (152 rom) below the lowest chimney inlet
structed in accordance with the Building Code ofNew York State. opening. The cleanout shall be provided with a tight-fItting,
noncombustible cover.
801041 JPGsntnve jfjjowo Venting systems shall be designed and
IExCeJPltimll~
Cleanouts shall not be required for chimney flues
constructed so as to develop a positive flow adequate to convey
all combustion products to the outside atmosphere. serving masonry fIreplaces, if such flues are provided with
access through the fIreplace opening.
80105lDesngltllo Venting systems shall be designed in accordance
with this chapter or shall be approved engineered systems. 801.14]. C\{)lIllrmectnl[])ll1ls til) exlln~uJlstell"o All appliance connections to
a chimney or vent equipped with a power exhauster shall be
80106 MUll1lnmUllm she off cllnumll1ley GJr vell1l10 Except as otherwise made on the inlet side of the exhauster. All joints and piping on
provided for in this chapter, the size of the chimney or vent, serv- the positive pressure side of the exhauster shall be listed for posi-
ing a single appliance, except engineered systems, shall have a tive pressure applications as specified by the manufacturer's in-
minimum area equal to the area of the appliance connection. stallation instructions for the exhauster.
801.7 §Gllnll1lffUllell apjpllluall1lce ffilUlleso The cross-sectional area of a 801.11.5 JFllJlen~lffill"ed aJPlpllnall1lceso Masonry chimneys utilized to
flue serving a solid fuel-burning appliance shall be not greater vent fuel-fired appliances shall be located, constructed and sized
than three times the cross-sectional area of the appliance flue as specified in the manufacturer's installation instructions for the
collar or flue outlet. appliances being vented.
80JloS AlbamllGll1lell1l nll1lllet ojplell1lnll1lgs. Abandoned inlet openings 801016 WHue llnHllllllllg. Masonry chimneys shall be lined. The lin-
in chimneys and vents shall be closed by an approved method. ing material shall be compatible with the type of appliance con-
84)109 PGsntnve JPlJreSSUll!l·eo Where an appliance equipped with a nected, in accordance with the appliance listing and
forced or induced draft system creates a positive pressure in the manufacturer's installation instructions. Listed materials used
~ venting system, the venting system shall be designed and listed as flue linings shall be installed in accordance with their list-
~ for positive pressure applications. ings and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
S0101tIll CGll1lll1lectnoll1l to ft'llll."ejplllaceo Connection of appliances to S01016.Jl Resndell1ltiall aHlHdl llmvollneat 3JPlJP>llnall1HCeS (gelllleJrall).
chimney flues serving fIreplaces shall be in accordance with Flue lining systems for use with residential-type and
Sections 801.10.1 through 801.10.3. low-heat appliances shall be limited to the following:
StIlll01tIll01 CllosUllll."e aHlld accesso A noncombustible seal shall 1. Clay flue lining complying with the requirements of
be provided below the point of connection to prevent entry ASTM C 315 or equivalent. Clay flue lining shall be in-
of room air into the flue. Means shall be provided for access stalled in accordance with the Building Code of New
to the flue for inspection and cleaning. York State.
8OJl..1tIll02 COJnlltllectnoll1l to ffactl[])ll."y~bUllnllt lffill"eJPlllace ffilUlleo An ap- 2. Listed chimney lining systems complying with UL
pliance shall not be connected to a flue serving a factory-built 1777.
fireplace unless the appliance is specifically listed for such in- 3. Other approved materials that will resist, without
stallation. The connection shall be made in accordance with cracking, softening or corrosion, flue gases and con-
the appliance manufacturer's installation instructions. densate at temperatures up to 1,800 o P (982°C).
801.1tIll03 COllJlltllectnl[])1l1l tl[]) m3sI[])Il1lry lfill"epllace ffilUlleo A con- 801.17 Space aJr'I[])Ullltlldi llllHllnJ[Jlgo The space surrounding a flue lin-
nector shall extend from the appliance to the flue serving a ing system or other vent installed within a masonry chimney
63
CHIMNEYS AND VENTS
shall not be used to vent any other appliance. This shall not pre- SECTION 802
vent the installation of a separate flue lining in accordance with VENTS
the manufacturer's installation instructions and this code.
802.]. Generall. All vent systems shall be listed and labeled. Type
801.18 Existing chimneys and vents. Where an appliance is L vents and pellet vents shall be tested in accordance with UL 641.
permanently disconnected from an existing chimney or vent, or
where an appliance is connected to an existing chimney or vent 802.2 Vent appllication. The application of vents shall be in ac-
during the process of a new installation, the chimney or vent cordance with Table 802.2.
shall comply with Sections 801.18.1 through 801.18.4. TABLE 802.2
VENT APPLICATION
801.18.1 Size. The chimney or vent shall be resized as nec-
essary to control flue gas condensation in the interior of the VENT TYPES APPLIANCE TYPES
chimney or vent and to provide the appliance or appliances
Oil-burning appliances listed and labeled
served with the required draft. For the venting of oil-fired for venting with Type L vents; gas
appliances to masonry chimneys, the resizing shall be in ac- Type L oil vents
appliances listed and labeled for
cordance with NFPA 31. venting with Type B vents.
801.18.2 Flue passageways. The flue gas passageway shall Pellet fuel-burning appliances listed and
be free of obstructions and combustible deposits and shall Pellet vents
labeled for venting with pellet vents.
be cleaned if previously used for venting a solid or liquid
fuel-burning appliance or fireplace. The flue liner, chimney 802.3 Instaillation. Vent systems shall be sized, installed and
inner wall or vent inner wall shall be continuous and shall be terminated in accordance with the vent and appliance manufac-
free of cracks, gaps, perforations or other damage or deteri- turer's installation instructions.
oration which would allow the escape of combustion prod-
802.4 Vent termination caps required. Type L vents shall ter-
ucts, including gases, moisture and creosote. Where an
minate with a listed and labeled cap in accordance with the vent
oil-fired appliance is connected to an existing masonry
manufacturer's installation instructions.
chimney, such chimney flue shall be repaired or relined in
accordance with NFPA 31. 802.5 Type L vent terminations. Type L vents shall terminate
801.18.3 Cleanout. Masonry chimneys shall be provided not less than 2 feet (610 mm) above the highest point of the roof
with a cleanout opening complying with Section 801.13. penetration and not less than 2 feet (610 mm) higher than any
portion of a building within 10 feet (3048 mm).
801.18.4 Clearances. Chimneys and vents shall have
air-space clearance to combustibles in accordance with the 802.6 Minimum vent heights. Vents shall terminate not less
Building Code of New York State and the chimney or vent than 5 feet (1524 mm) in vertical height above the highest con-
manufacturer's installation instructions. nected appliance flue collar.
Exception: Masonry chimneys equipped with a chim- Exceptions:
ney lining system tested and listed for installation in
chimneys in contact with combustibles in accordance 1. Venting systems of direct vent appliances shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the appliance and the vent
with UL 1777, and installed in accordance with the man-
manufacturer's instructions.
ufacturer's instructions, shall not be required to have
clearance between combustible materials and exterior 2. Appliances listed for outdoor installations incorporat-
surfaces of the masonry chimney. Noncombustible ing integral venting means shall be installed in accor-
fireblocking shall be provided in accordance with the dance with their listings and the manufacturer's
Building Code ofNew York State. installation instructions.
801.19 Multistory prohibited. Common venting systems for 3. Pellet vents shall be installed in accordance with the
appliances located on more than one floor level shall be prohib- appliance and the vent manufacturer's installation
ited, except where all of the appliances served by the common instructions.
vent are located in rooms or spaces that are accessed only from 802.7 Support of vents. All portions of vents shall be ade-
the outdoors. The appliance enclosures shall not communicate quately supported for the design and weight of the materials
with the occupiable areas of the building. employed.
801.20 Plastic vent joints. Plastic pipe and fittings used to vent 802.8 Insulation shield. Where vents pass through insulated
appliances shall be installed in accordance with the pipe manu- assemblies, an insulation shield constructed of not less than
facturer's installation instructions and the appliance manufac- No. 26 Gage sheet metal shall be installed to provide clearance
turer's installation instructions. Solvent cement joints between between the vent and the insulation material. The clearance
ABS pipe and fittings shall be cleaned. Solvent cement joints shall be not less than the clearance to combustibles specified by
between CPVC and PVC pipe and fittings shall be primed. The the vent manufacturer's installation instructions. Where vents
primer shall be a contrasting color. Joints shall also be made in pass through attic space, the shield shall terminate not less than
accordance with ASTM F 402. 2 inches (51 mm) above the insulation materials and shall be se-
Exception: Where compliance with this section would con- cured in place to prevent displacement. Insulation shields pro-
flict with the appliance manufacturer's installation vided as part of a listed vent system shall be installed in
instructions. accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
SEC'f~ON $(0)3
CCONNECCTO~S
TABllE 803.9(2)
803.1 COlI1l1rnedoJrs JrelI]lll]nJredl. Connectors shall be used to con- M~NiMUM CHiMNEY CONNECTOR THiCKNESS FOR
nect appliances to the vertical chimney or vent, ex~ept where MIED!UMa AND H!GHaHIEAT APPUANCES
the chimney or vent is attached directly to the apphance. EQUIVALENT ROUND MINIMUM NOMINAL
AREA DIAMETER THICKNESS
803.2 JLocatnoll1l. Connectors shall be located entirely within the (square inches) (inches) (inches)
room in which the connecting appliance is located, except as pro-
vided for in Section 803.10.4. Where passing through an unheated 0-154 0-14 0.060 (No. 16 Gage)
space, a connector shall not be constructed of single-wall pipe. 155-201 15-16 0.075 (No. 14 Gage)
803.3 Size. The connector shall not be smaller than the size of
0.105 (No. 12 Gage)
o the flue collar supplied by the manufacturer of the appliance.
202-254 17-18
Where the appliance has more than one flue outlet, and in the Greater than 254 Greater than 18 0.135 (No. 10 Gage)
absence of the manufacturer's specific instructions, the con-
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square inch =645.16 mm2 .
nector area shall be not less than the combined area of the flue
outlets for which it acts as a common connector.
803.10 lim;taUatioll1l. Connectors shall be installed in accordance
803.4 BJrall1lclln cOll1lll1lednmll.s. All branch connections to the vent with Sections 803.10.1 through 803.10.6.
connector shall be made in accordance with the vent manufac-
803.10.1 S1IJIjplPOII"ts allJldl joints. Connectors shall be supported
turer's instructions.
in an approved manner, and joints shall be fastened with sheet
803.5 Mam.nall rllamjpleJrs. Manual dampers shall not be installed metal screws, rivets or other approved means.
in connectors except in chimney connectors serving solid
803.10.2 Lelllgtlln. The maximum horizontal length of a sin-
fuel-burning appliances.
gle-wall connector shall be 75 percent of the height of the
803.6 AUJltomatk dlamjplel1"s. Automatic dampers shall be listed chimney or vent.
and labeled in accordance with UL 17 for oil-fired heating ap-
803.10.3 COIIlll1lednoIrn. The connector shall extend to the in-
pliances. The dampers shall be installed in accordance ~ith the
ner face of the chimney or vent liner, but not beyond. A con-
manufacturer's installation instructions. An automatic vent
nector entering a masonry chimney shall be cemented to
damper device shall not be installed on an existing appl~a~ce
masonry in an approved manner. Where thimbles are in-
unless the appliance is listed and labeled and the deVIce IS In-
stalled to facilitate removal of the connector from the ma-
stalled in accordance with the terms of its listing. The name of
sonry chimney, the thimble shall be permanently cemented
the installer and date of installation shall be marked on a label
in place with high-temperature cement.
affixed to the damper device.
803.10.4 CmllH1lectoII" passatlhll"'Oll]gh. Chimney connectors
803. i CmmectoII"s sen'llllJlg two OII" mOII"e aJPlJIDllnall1lces. Where
shall not pass through any floor or ceiling, nor through a
two or more connectors enter a common vent or chimney, the
fire-resistance-rated wall assembly. Chimney connectors
smaller connector shall enter at the highest level consistent
for domestic-type appliances shall not pass through walls or
with available headroom or clearance to combustible material.
partitions constructed of combustible material to reach a
803.8 Vell1lt COll1lllJlectoII" COll1lstII"1IJIdnoll1l. Vent connectors shall be masonry chimney unless:
constructed of metal. The minimum nominal thickness of the
1. The connector is labeled for wall pass-through and is
connector shall be 0.019 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 28 Gage) for galva-
installed in accordance with the manufacturer's in-
nized steel, 0.022 inch (0.6 mm) (No. 26 B & S Gage) for copper,
structions;
and 0.020 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 24 B & S Gage) for aluminum.
2. The connector is put through a device labeled for wall
803.9 CllnnmInley COll1lHllectOII" CiUIrnstII"lI]dnoll1l. Chimney connec- pass-through; or
tors for low-heat appliances shall be of sheet steel pipe ha~ing
resistance to corrosion and heat not less than that of galvamzed 3. The connector has a diameter not larger than 10
steel specified in Table 803.9(1). Connectors for medium-heat inches (254 mm) and is installed in accordance with
appliances and high-heat appliances shall be of sheet steel not one of the methods in Table 803.10.4. Concealed
less than the thickness specified in Table 803.9(2). metal parts of the pass-through system in contact with
flue gases shall be of stainless steel or equivalent ma-
TABLE 803.9(1) terial that resists corrosion, softening or cracking up
M~N~MUM CH~MNIEY CONNECTOR lHiCKNESS fOR
lOWaHIEAl APPUANClES
to 1,800°F (980°C).
803.10.5 Pitch. Connectors shall rise vertically to the chim- 804.3 MechanficaH draft systems. Mechanical draft systems of
ney or vent with a minimum pitch equal to one-fourth unit either forced or induced draft design shall comply with Sec-
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope). tions 804.3.1 through 804.3.7.
803.10.6 Clearances. Connectors shall have a minimum 804.3.1 FOJl"ced draft systems. Forced draft systems and all
clearance to combustibles in accordance with Table 803.10.6 portions of induced draft systems under positive pressure dur-
and Figures 803.10.6. The clearances specified in Table ing operation shall be designed and installed so as to be gas _
tight to prevent leakage ofcombustion products into a building. •
803.10.6 apply, except where the listing and labeling of an ap-
pliance specifies a different clearance, in which case the la-
beled clearance shall apply. The clearance to combustibles for
804.3.2 Aillltomatic sh.utoff. Power exhausters serving auto-
matically fIred appliances shall be electrically connected to
I
connectors shall be reduced only in accordance with Section each appliance to prevent operation of the appliance when
308. the power exhauster is not in operation.
SYSTEM A
l r
FIRE - CLAY LINER 211 MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE
\' \
-r
n
. . TO BRICK AND COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS.
MIN. CLEARANCE:
12" OF BRICK
1\
,
\1 I
\ I
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
"\\ I
Ill' ",r
111.. !'J I
I I I
, I
, , FIRE-CLAY LINER
I
1 I
P--
~~
12 " MIN. TO COMBUSTIBLES -
~Aer©~V=i:mill
~tiOMN~ ~ECTION
WA'j'~~=~NSOUj~lE
~EFRACTORV e[ME~r
= C~~MN[y C©NN[(~ll~!j§l
~©b\lJfRI'\f elHJIM~['1
f~GQJJrrtlE 803.10.6
CH~MNIEV CONNECTOR SYSTEMS
(COiD1lftoII1UJled)
61
CHIMNEYS AND VENTS
SYSTEM C
I r
211Q MIN. CHIMNEY CLEARANCE
TO SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS AND
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
SHEET' METAl THIMBLE GlASS-FIBER INSULATION
(24 GAGE MIN.) t TWO ," AIR CHANNELS
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
(24 GAGE MIN.)
SYSTEM 0
I r
2'0 MIN. CHIMNEY ClEARANCE
TO SHEET STEEL SUPPORTS AND
FACTORY-BUILT COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
CHIMNEY SECTION 2 19 UIN. CLEARANCE
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
f '11 ANNULAR AIRSPACE
BETWEEN CHIMNEY CONNECTOR
(24 GAGE MIN.) AND CHIMNEY SECTION
FIGURE 803.10.6-continued
CHIMNEY CONNECTOR SYSTEMS
804J..3.31I'eJrm»nJl21tnmll. The termination of chimneys or vents 1. The mechanical draft device shall be listed and in-
equipped with power exhausters shall be located a minimum stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instal-
of 10 feet (3048 mm) from the lot line or from adjacent lation instructions.
buildings. The exhaust shall be directed away from the
2. A device shall be installed that produces visible and
building.
audible warning upon failure of the mechanical draft
804.3.4 HoJrfizolI1lt21ll teJrmnll1l.21tnmll.s. Horizontal terminations device or loss of electrical power, at any time that the
shall comply with the following requirements: mechanical draft device is turned on. This device shall
1. Where located adjacent to walkways, the termination be equipped with a battery backup if it receives power
of mechanical draft systems shall be not less than 7 from the building wiring.
feet (2134 mm) above the level of the walkway. 3. A smoke detector shall be installed in the room with
2. Vents shall terminate at least 3 feet (914 mm) above the appliance or fireplace. This device shall be
any forced air inlet located within 10 feet (3048 mm). equipped with a battery backup if it receives power
3. The vent system shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219 from the building wiring.
mm) below, 4 feet (1219 mm) horizontally from or 1
foot (305 mm) above any door, window or gravity air
inlet into the building.
4. The vent termination point shall not be located closer SIECr~ON 805
than 3 feet (914 mm) to an interior corner formed by fAC10IRY~!BUllT CH~MNIEYS
two walls perpendicular to each other.
5. The vent termination shall not be mounted directly 805.1 lUstnJrng. Factory-built chimneys shall be listed and la-
above or within 3 feet (914 mm) horizontally from an beled and shall be installed and terminated in accordance with
oil tank vent or gas meter. the manufacturer's installation instructions.
6. The bottom of the vent termination shall be located at
least 12 inches (305 mm) above finished grade. 805.2 Solid fllJleR 3lppihmces. Factory-built chimneys for use
with solid fuel-burning appliances shall comply with the Type
8041.3.5 VeJrtk21ll tell"mnmlltJiOlI1ls. Vertical terminations shall HT requirements of UL 103.
comply with the following requirements:
1. Where located adjacent to walkways, the termination JExiCeptiolI1l~
Chimneys for use with fireplace stoves listed
of mechanical draft systems shall be not less than 7 only to UL 737 shall comply with the requirements of UL
feet (2134 mm) above the level of the walkway. 103.
2. Vents shall terminate at least 3 feet (914 mm) above
any forced air inlet located within 10 feet (3048 mm). 805.3 IF3ldoJry~bllJlnllt fnJrepRaces. Chimneys for use with fac-
3. Where the vent termination is located below an adja- tory-built fireplaces shall comply with the requirements of UL
cent roof structure, the termination point shall be lo- 127.
cated at least 3 feet (914 mm) from such structure.
805.4 SUllPPOJrt. Where factory-built chimneys are supported
4. The vent shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219 mm) be-
by structural members, such as joists and rafters, such mem-
low, 4 feet (1219 mm) horizontally from, or 1 foot bers shall be designed to support the additional load.
(305 mm) above any door, window or gravity air inlet
for the building.
805.5 MedillJlmm!hleat 2lJPlplliaJIllces. Factory-built chimneys for
5. A vent cap shall be installed to prevent rain from en- medium-heat appliances producing flue gases having a tem-
tering the vent system. perature above 1,000°F (538°C), measured at the entrance to
6. The vent termination shall be located at least 3 feet the chimney, shall comply with UL 959.
(914 mm) horizontally from any portion of the roof
structure. 805.6 JI.)ecoJratnve slluomJis. Decorative shrouds shall not be in-
804.3.([j) ExJh21UllsteJr iCOltmeiCtnolI1ls. An appliance vented by stalled at the termination of factory-built chimneys except
natural draft shall not be connected into a vent, chimney or where such shrouds are listed and labeled for use with the spe-
vent connector on the discharge side of a mechanical flue cific factory-built chimney system and are installed in accor-
exhauster. dance with Section 304.1.
804.3.7 Exh~msteJr sllznlI1lg. Mechanical flue exhausters and
the vent system served shall be sized and installed in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
804.3.8 Medll21lI1lniC3lll dhraft systems fOJr m21II1lUllaRny fnJredl ap~ SECTiON 806
pliall1lces and fiJreplaiCes. A mechanical draft system shall be METAL CHIMNEYS
permitted to be used with manually fired appliances and
frreplaces where such system complies with all of the fol- 806.1 GeJIlleJrall. Metal chimneys shall be constructed and in-
lowing requirements: stalled in accordance with NFPA 211.
SECT~ON 901
S!ECu~ON 9«JJ31 UNCaNlERATORS AND CREMATORiES
fACTO!RlYQlBlJJ~lT fF~IRl[El?lAC[ES 907.1 GellJleJr'all. Incinerators and crematories shall be listed and
903.1 GlerrnleIrall. Factory-built fireplaces shall be listed and la- labeled in accordance with UL 791 and shall be installed in ac-
beled and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions cordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
SPECIFIC APPLIANCES, FIREPLACES AND SOLID FUEL-BURNING EQUIPMENT
SECTION 908
COOLING TOWERS, EVAPORATIVE
CONDENSERS AND FLUID COOLERS
908.1 General. A cooling tower used in conjunction with an
air-conditioning appliance shall be installed in accordance
9d)9.6 Access. Vented wall furnaces shall be provided with ac-
cess for cleaning of heating surfaces, removal of burners, re-
placement of sections, motors, controls, filters and other
working parts, and for adjustments and lubrication of parts re-
quiring such attention. Panels, grilles and access doors that must
be removed for normal servicing operations shall not be attached
•
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
to the building construction.
908.2 Access. Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and
fluid coolers shall be provided with ready access.
908.3 Location. Cooling towers, evaporative condensers and
fluid coolers shall be located to prevent the discharge vapor SECTION 910
plumes from entering occupied spaces. Plume discharges shall FLOOR FURNACES
be not less than 5 feet (1524 nun) above or 20 feet (6096 nun)
~HO.l General. Floor furnaces shall be installed in accordance
away from any ventilation inlet to a building. Location on the
with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instruc-
property shall be as required for buildings in accordance with
tions. Oil-fired furnaces shall be tested in accordance with UL
the Building Code of New York State.
729.
908.4 Support and anchorage. Supports for cooling towers,
evaporative condensers and fluid coolers shall be designed in ~J10.2 Placement. Floor furnaces shall not be installed in the
accordance with the Building Code ofNew York State. Seismic floor of any aisle or passageway of any auditorium, public hall,
restraints shall be as required by the Building Code ofNew York place of assembly, or in any egress element from any such room
State. or space.
908.5 Water supply. Water supplies and protection shall be as With the exception of wall register models, a floor furnace
required by the Plumbing Code ofNew York State. shall not be placed closer than 6 inches (152 mm) to the nearest
908.6 Drainage. Drains, overflows and blowdown provisions wall, and wall register models shall not be placed closer than 6
inches (152 mm) to a comer.
•
shall be indirectly connected to an approved disposal location.
Discharge of chemical waste shall be approved by the appro-
The furnace shall be placed such that a drapery or similar
priate regulatory authority.
combustible object will not be nearer than 12 inches (305 mm)
908.7 Refrigerants and hazardous fluids. Heat exchange to any portion of the register of the furnace. Floor furnaces shall
equipment that contains a refrigerant and that is part ofa closed re- not be installed in concrete floor construction built on grade.
frigeration system shall comply with Chapter 11. Heat exchange The controlling thermostat for a floor furnace shall be located
equipment containing heat transfer fluids which are flammable, within the same room or space as the floor furnace or shall be
combustible or hazardous shall comply with the Fire Code ofNew located in an adjacent room or space that is permanently open
York State. to the room or space containing the floor furnace.
909.1 General. Vented wall furnaces shall be installed in ac- 910.4 Clearance. The lowest portion of the floor furnace shall
cordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation have not less than a 6-inch (152 mm) clearance from the grade
instructions. Oil-fired furnaces shall be tested in accordance level; except where the lower 6-inch (152 nun) portion of the
with UL 730. floor furnace is sealed by the manufacturer to prevent entrance
of water, the minimum clearance shall be reduced to not less
909.2 Location.. Vented wall furnaces shall be located so as not
than 2 inches (51 mm). Where these clearances are not present,
to cause a fire hazard to walls, floors, combustible furnishings
the ground below and to the sides shall be excavated to form a
or doors. Vented wall furnaces installed between bathrooms
pit under the furnace so that the required clearance is provided
and adjoining rooms shall not circulate air from bathrooms to
beneath the lowest portion of the furnace. A 12-inch (305 nun)
other parts of the building.
minimum clearance shall be provided on all sides except the
909.3 Door swing. Vented wall furnaces shall be located so control side, which shall have an 18-inch (457 nun) minimum
that a door cannot swing within 12 inches (305 mm) of an air clearance.
inlet or air outlet of such furnace measured at right angles to the
opening. Doorstops or door closers shall not be installed to ob-
tain this clearance.
9~9.4 Ducts prohibited. Ducts shall not be attached to wall SECTION 911
furnaces. Casing extension boots shall not be installed unless DUCT FURNACES
listed as part of the appliance.
911.1 General. Duct furnaces shall be installed in accordance
909.5 Manual shutoff valve. A manual shutoff valve shall be with the manufacturer's installation instructions. Electric fur-
installed ahead of all controls. naces shall be tested in accordance with UL 1995.
SECl'~ON 92~
VE~l'IED IRlOOM HEATEIRlS
921.]. GelIJleJrall. Vented room heaters shall be listed and labeled
and shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the
listing and the manufacturer's instructions.
SIECir~ON 922
KEROSENE AND O~laf~RIED STOVES
922.1 GelIJleJrall. Kerosene and oil-fired stoves shall be listed
and labeled and shall be installed in accordance with the condi-
tions of the listing and the manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions. Kerosene and oil-fired stoves shall comply with NFPA
31. Oil-fired stoves shall be tested in accordance with UL 896.
Portable kerosene heaters shall not be the only source of heat.
SIECT~ON 923
SMAll CEIRlAM~C K~lNS
923.1 GelIJlenllll. The provisions of this section shall apply to
kilns that are used for ceramics, have a maximum interior vol-
ume of 20 cubic feet (0.566 m 3) and are used for hobby and
noncommercial purposes.
923,].• 1 lill1lstannatnolIJl. Kilns shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and the
provisions of this code.
SIECT~ON 924
STAT~ONARrV fUEL CEll POWlElRl [pJlA~l'S
924.11. GeJrlleJrall. Stationary fuel cell power plants having a power
output not exceeding 10 MW, shall be tested in accordance with
I!j ANSI CSA America FC 1 and shall be installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions and NFPA 853.
SIECl'~ON 925
MASONRY HIEAl'lElRlS
· 925.1 General. Masonry heaters shall be constructed in accor-
I
'e dance with the Building Code ofNew York State.
0
SEClf~O~ 1\D)tD)~ space heating at temperatures higher than 140 P (60°C), a
GENElRlAl tempering valve shall be provided to temper the water sup-
plied to the potable hot water distribution system to a tem-
1Q)Oll.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the installation, alter- 0
perature of l40 P (60°C) or less.
ation and repair of boilers, water heaters and pressure vessels.
JlO([)2.3 SlllIlPJPRemerrntall wa1ell"~lhJea1nrrng dlewnces. Potable wa-
IE%cep1norrns: ter-heating devices that utilize refrigerant-to-water heat
1. Pressure vessels used for unheated water supply. exchangers shall be approved and installed in accordance with
2. Portable unfired pressure vessels and Interstate Com- the Plumbing Code of New York State and the manufacturer's
merce Commission containers. installation instructions.
3. Containers for bulk oxygen and medical gas.
4. Unfired pressure vessels having a volume of 5 cubic SEClf~ON ~ (Q)03
feet (0.14 m 3 ) or less operating at pressures not ex- [PRESSURE VESSELS
ceeding 250 pounds per square inch (psi) (1724 kPa) Jl003.1 GeJl1lell"all. All pressure vessels shall bear the label of an
and located within occupancies of Groups B, F, H, M, approved agency and shall be installed in accordance with the
R, Sand U. manufacturer's installation instructions.
5. Pressure vessels used in refrigeration systems that are Jl003.2 IPllpllll1lg. All piping materials, fittings, joints, connec-
regulated by Chapter 11 of this code.
tions and devices associated with systems utilized in conjunc-
6. Pressure tanks used in conjunction with coaxial ca- tion with pressure vessels shall be designed for the specific
bles, telephone cables, power cables and other similar application and shall be approved.
humidity control systems.
1003.3 Welldlfirrng. Welding on pressure vessels shall be per-
7. Any boiler or pressure vessel subject to inspection by formed by approved welders in compliance with nationally rec-
federal or state inspectors. ognized standards.
77
BOILERS, WATER HEATERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS
•
mounted on a level base capable of supporting and distributing the temperature of the system. The discharge pipe shall be the
the weight contained thereon. Equipment and appliances re-
I
same diameter as the safety or relief valve outlet. Safety and re-
quiring vibration isolation shall be installed as designed by a lief valves shall not discharge so as to be a hazard, a potential
registered design professional. cause of damage or otherwise a nuisance. High-pressure-steam
1004.5 Floors. Boilers shall be mounted on floors of safety valves shall be vented to the outside of the structure.
noncombustible construction, unless listed for mounting on Where a low-pressure safety valve or a relief valve discharges
combustible flooring. to the drainage system, the installation shall conform to the
Plumbing Code of New York State.
1004.6 Boiler rooms and enclosures. Boiler rooms and enclo-
1006.7 Boiler safety devices. Boilers shall be equipped with
sures and access thereto shall comply with the Building Code
controls and limit devices as required by the manufacturer's in-
of New York State and Chapter 3 of this code. Boiler rooms
stallation instructions and the conditions of the listing.
shall be equipped with a floor drain or other approved means
for disposing of liquid waste. 1006.8 Electrical requirements. The power supply to the elec-
trical control system shall be from a two-wire branch circuit that
1004.7 Operating adjustments and instructions. Hot water has a grounded conductor, or from an isolation transformer with
and steam boilers shall have all operating and safety controls a two-wire secondary. Where an isolation transformer is pro-
set and operationally tested by the installing contractor. A com- vided, one conductor of the secondary winding shall be
plete control diagram and boiler operating instructions shall be grounded. Control voltage shall not exceed 150 volts nominal,
furnished by the installer for each installation. line to line. Control and limit devices shall interrupt the un-
grounded side of the circuit. A means of manually disconnecting
the control circuit shall be provided and controls shall be ar-
SECTION 1005 ranged so that when deenergized, the burner shall be inoperative.
BOILER CONNECTIONS Such disconnecting means shall be capable of being locked in
the off position and shall be provided with ready access.
1005.1 Valves. Every boiler or modular boiler shall have a shut-
off valve in the supply and return piping. For multiple boiler or
multiple modular boiler installations, each boiler or modular SECTION 1007
boiler shall have individual shutoff valves in the supply and re- BOILER LOW-WATER CUTOFF
•
turn piping.
1007.1 General. All steam and hot water boilers shall be pro-
Exception: Shutoff valves are not required in a system hav- tected with a low-water cutoff control.
ing a single low-pressure steam boiler.
1007.2 Operation. The low-water cutoff shall automatically
1005.2 Potable water supply. The water supply to all boilers stop the combustion operation of the appliance when the water
shall be connected in accordance with the Plumbing Code of level drops below the lowest safe water level as established by
New York State. the manufacturer.
v = (0.000738T - 0.03348) Vs
, (;; J-(;: J
where:
VI = Minimum volume of tanks (gallons) (L).
Vs = Volume of system, not including expansion tanks
(gallons) (L).
T = Average operating temperature (OP) caC).
Pa = Atmospheric pressure (psi) (kPa).
Pf = Fill pressure (psi) (kPa).
Po = Maximum operating pressure (psi) (kPa).
SIECT~ON i i 02
SYSTEM ~EaU~REMENTS
SECu~ON 1 i (0)1
GENERAL Jl1Qll2.1 GeHlleJl"all. The system classification, allowable refriger-
].11.01.]. SICope. This chapter shall govern the design, installation, ants, maximum quantity, enclosure requirements, location lim-
construction and repair of refrigeration systems that vaporize itations, and field pressure test requirements shall be
and liquefy a fluid during the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerant determined as follows:
piping design and installation, including pressure vessels and 1. Detennine the refrigeration system's classification, in
pressure relief devices, shall confonn to this code. Pennanently accordance with Section 1103.3.
installed refrigerant storage systems and other components shall 2. Determine the refrigerant classification in accordance
be considered as part of the refrigeration system to which they with Section 1103.1.
are attached.
3. Determine the maximum allowable quantity of refriger-
1101.2 JFadoIryalbUlnllt eqlll!npmelfllt alI1ldl app]llaII1lICe§. Listed and ant in accordance with Section 1104, based on type of re-
labeled self-contained, factory-built equipment and appliances frigerant, system classification, and occupancy.
o shall be tested in accordance with UL 207, 412, 471 or 1995. 4. Determine the system enclosure requirements in accor-
Such equipment and appliances are deemed to meet the design, dance with Section 1104.
manufacture and factory test requirements of this code if in-
stalled in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's 5. Refrigeration equipment and appliance location and in-
stallation shall be subject to the limitations of Chapter 3.
installation instructions.
6. Nonfactory-tested, field-erected equipment and appli-
1101.3 lPIrotednmIJl. Any portion of a refrigeration system that ances shall be pressure tested in accordance with Section
is subject to physical damage shall be protected in an approved 1108.
manner.
1102.2 RefrigeIralIJl1t§. The refrigerant shall be that which the
]..1.01.4 WateIr IColIJllIJlednolI1l. Water supply and discharge con- equipment or appliance was designed to utilize or converted to
nections associated with refrigeration systems shall be made in utilize. Refrigerants not identified in Table 1103.1 shall be ap-
accordance with this code and the Plumbing Code ofNew York proved before use.
State.
JlI02.2.Jl MbdlIJlg. Refrigerants, including refrigerant
1101.5 FUlleR ga§ IColl1lll1lednoll1l. Fuel gas devices, equipment and blends, with different designations in ASHRAE 34 shall not
appliances used with refrigeration systems shall be installed in be mixed in a system.
accordance with the Fuel Gas Code ofNew York State.
JExICeptnolIJl: Addition of a second refrigerant is allowed
1101.6 GeHlleIraR. Refrigeration systems shall comply with the where permitted by the equipment or appliance manu-
requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, facturer to improve oil return at low temperatures. The
ASHRAE 15. Ammonia-refrigerating systems shall comply refrigerant and amount added shall be in accordance with
with this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15 the manufacturer's instructions.
and lIAR 2.
:n02.2.2 P\lllIrnty. Refrigerants used in refrigeration systems
1101.7 MaRll1ltemmICe. Mechanical refrigeration systems shall shall be new, recovered or reclaimed refrigerants in accor-
be maintained in proper operating condition, free from accu- dance with Section 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3.
mulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corrosion, other debris The installer shall furnish a signed declaration that the re-
and leaks. frigerant used meets the requirements of Section
1102.2.2.1,1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3.
1101.8 Change nlIJl IreJ1'IrngeIralIJl1 type. The type of refrigerant in
refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing JExICep1nOllJl: The refrigerant used shall meet the purity
more than 220 pounds of Group Al or 30 pounds of any other specifications set by the manufacturer of the equipment
group refrigerant shall not be changed without prior notifica- or appliance in which such refrigerant is used where such
IE tion to the code enforcement official and compliance with the specifications are different from that specified in Sec-
applicable code provisions for the new refrigerant type. tions 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 and 1102.2.2.3.
[F] 1101.9 Refrigenmt Il:1ln§IC!htaIrge. Notification of refrigerant 1102.2.2.1 New Jr'efJrigeIr~mt§. Refrigerants shall be of a
discharge shall be provided in accordance with the Fire Code of purity level specified by the equipment or appliance
New York State. manufacturer.
1102.2.2.2 Recovered refrigerants. Refrigerants that vice or purchase food and other goods. Commercial oc-
are recovered from refrigeration and air-conditioning cupancies include, among others, office and profes-
systems shall not be reused in other than the system sional buildings, markets (but not large mercantile
from which they were recovered and in other systems of occupancies) and work or storage areas that do not qual-
the same owner. Recovered refrigerants shall be filtered ify as industrial occupancies.
and dried before reuse. Recovered refrigerants that 5. Large mercantile occupancy is that portion of premises
show clear signs of contamination shall not be reused where more than 100 persons congregate on levels
unless reclaimed in accordance with Section above or below street level to purchase personal mer-
1102.2.2.3. chandise.
1102.2.2.3 Reclaimed refrigerants. Used refrigerants 6. Industrial occupancy is that portion of premises that is
shall not be reused in a different owner's equipment or not open to the public, where access by authorized per-
appliances unless tested and found to meet the purity re- sons is controlled, and that is used to manufacture, pro-
quirements of ARI 700. Contaminated refrigerants cess or store goods such as chemicals, food, ice, meat or
shall not be used unless reclaimed and found to meet the petroleum.
purity requirements of ARI 700. 7. Mixed occupancy occurs when two or more occupan-
cies are located within the same building. When each
occupancy is isolated from the rest of the building by
SECTION 1103 tight walls, floors and ceilings and by self-closing
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION doors, the requirements for each occupancy shall apply
1103.1 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be to its portion of the building. When the various occu-
classified in accordance with ASHRAE 34 as listed in Table pancies are not so isolated, the occupancy having the
1103.1. most stringent requirements shall be the governing oc-
cupancy.
1103.2 Occupancy classification. Locations of refrigerating
systems are described by occupancy classifications that con- 1103.3 System classification. Refrigeration systems shall be
sider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to classified according to the degree of probability that refriger-
refrigerants. Where equipment or appliances, other than pip- ant leaked from a failed connection, seal, or component could
ing, are located outside a building and within 20 feet (6096 enter an occupied area. The distinction is based on the basic
mm) of any building opening, such equipment or appliances design or location of the components.
shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the 1103.3.1 Low-probability systems. Double-indirect
building. Occupancy classifications shall be defined as fol- open-spray systems, indirect closed systems and indirect-
lows: vented closed systems shall be classified as low-probabil-
1. Institutional occupancy is that portion of premises from ity systems, provided that all refrigerant-containing piping
which, because they are disabled, debilitated or con- and fittings are isolated when the quantities in Table
fined, occupants cannot readily leave without the assis- 1103.1 are exceeded.
tance of others. Institutional occupancies include, 1103.3.2 Hngh-probability systems. Direct systems and
among others, hospitals, nursing homes, asylums and indirect open-spray systems shall be classified as
spaces containing locked cells. high-probability systems.
2. Public assembly occupancy is that portion of premises Exception: An indirect open-spray system shall not be
where large numbers of people congregate and from required to be classified as a high-probability system if
which occupants cannot quickly vacate the space. Pub- the pressure of the secondary coolant is at all times (op-
lic assembly occupancies include, among others, audi- erating and standby) greater than the pressure of the re-
toriums, ballrooms, classrooms, passenger depots, frigerant.
restaurants and theaters.
3. Residential occupancy is that portion of premises that
provides the occupants with complete independent liv- SECTION 1104
ing facilities, including permanent provisions for liv- SYSTEM APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
ing, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. 1104.1 General. The refrigerant, occupancy and system clas-
Residential occupancies include, among others, dormi- sification cited in this section shall be determined in accor-
tories, hotels, multiunit apartments and private resi- dance with Sections 1103.1, 1103.2 and 1103.3, respectively.
dences. For refrigerant blends assigned dual classifications, as fonnu-
4. Commercial occupancy is that portion of premises lated and for the worst case of fractionation, the classifica-
where people transact business, receive personal ser- tions for the worst case of fractionation shall be used.
~
m [M] AMOUNT OF REFRIGERANT PER OCCUI?~IEID SPACE
(')
::!: Pounds per
~ f
&:; CHEMICAL HAZARD REfRiGERANT DEGREES 1,000 cubic llV·rwA
o
~
REFRIGERANl FORMULA CHEMICAL NAME OIR BliEND CATIEGOR!IES a ClASSIFICAlION OF HAZARD b 1eet ppm g/m 3 (ppm)
F R-ll e CCl,F Trichlorofluoromethane OHH Al 2-0-0c 0.39 1,100 6.2 1,000
o
(;) R-12 e
CCl?F? Dichlorodifluoromethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 5.6 18,000 90 1,000
~
ill 2-0-0c
(;)
R-13 e CClF, Chlorotrifluoromethane CG,OHH Al 18 67,000 290 1,000
'Ti
R-13Bl e CBrF, Bromotrifluoromethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 22 57,000 350 1,000
~
m
~ R-I4 CF4 Tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride) CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 16 69,000 250 1,000
<>:(
(;) R-22 CHClF" Chlorodifluoromethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 5.5 25,000 89 1,000
:Il
R-23 CHF." Trifluoromethane (fluoroform) CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 7.3 41,000 120 1,000
"
f J)
-==I
~
R-32 CH2F 2 Difluoromethane (methylene fluoride) CG,F,OHH A2 - 4.2 32,000 68 -
=l R-I13 e CCl?FCCIF2 1, 1,2-trichloro-I ,2,2-trifluoroethane OHH Al 2-0-0c 1.2 2,600 20 1,000
m
R-114 e CCIF?CC!F:, 1,2-dichloro-l ,2,2-tetrafluoroethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 8.7 20,000 140 1,000
R-116 CF,CF, Hexafluoroethane CH,OHH Al 1-0-0 24 69,000 390 -
c
R-123 CHCl"CF, 2,2-dichloro-l,I,I-trifluoroethane OHH Bl 2-0-0 3.5 9,100 57 50
R-124 CHCIFCF, 2-chloro-l,l, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 3.5 10,000 56 1,000
R-125 CHF"CF." Pentafluoroethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 21 69,000 340 -
c
R-134a CH"FCF." 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane CG,OHH Al 2-0-0 13 50,000 210 1,000
R-143a CH,CF." 1,1,1-trifluoroethane CG,F,OHH A2 2-0-0c 3.8 18,000 60 -
"~ (continued)
~
m
e e e
e e e
s; [F] TABllE ~ ~ 03. ~-eoll1l~DInUiedl
m
o REIFR~GIEIRANT ClASS~F~CAT!ON, AMO~NT AND TlV-TWA
::I:
~
Z [M] AMOUNT OF REFRiGIERANT PER OCCUP~IED SPACE
o
~ Pounds per
F CHIEMICAl HAZARD REFRiGERANT DEGREES 1,000 cubic TlV-TWAf
()
REFRiGIERANT FORMULA CHEMICAL NAME OR BLIEND CATEGORIESa CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARD b feet ppm g/m 3 (ppm)
o
t:J
m R-717 NH 3 Ammonia CG,C,F,OHH B2 3-3-0d 0.022 500 0.35 25
()
'Ti R-718 H 2O Water - Al 0-0-0 - - - -
~
m R-744 CO 2 Carbon dioxide CG,OHH Al 2-0-0c 4.5 40,000 72 5,000
:€
0=(
() R-1l50 CH2=CH 2 Ethene (ethylene) CG,F,OHH A3 1-4-2 0.38 5,200 6.0 1,000
:lJ
~ R-1270 CH 3CH=CH2 Propene (propylene) CG,F,OHH B3 1-4-1 0.37 3,400 5.0 660
en
=l For 51: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m 3
~
=l a. CG = Compressed gas; C = Corrosive; F = Flammable; OHH = Other Health Hazard.
m
b. Degrees of hazard are for health, fire, and reactivity, respectively, in accordance with NFPA 704.
c. Reduction to 1-0-0 is allowed if analysis shows that the maximum concentration for a rupture or full loss of refrigerant charge would not exceed the IDLH, considering both the
refrigerant quantity and room volume.
d. For installations that are entirely outdoors, use 3-1-0.
e. Class 1 ozone depleting substance; prohibited for new installations.
f. PEL or consistent occupational exposure limit on a time-weighted average (TWA) basis (unless noted C for ceiling) for an 8 hr/d and 40 hr/wk.
~
::a
m
'Ti
::a
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REfRIGERATION
1104.2 Machinery room. Except as provided in Sections 3. The floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square
1104.2.1 and 1104.2.2, all components containing the refriger- feet (9.3 m2) where machinery is located on floor lev-
ant shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room els with exits more than 6.6 feet (2012 mm) above the
where the quantity of refrigerant in an independent circuit of a ground. Where provided with egress directly to the
system exceeds the amounts shown in Table 1103.1. For refrig- outdoors or into approved building exits, the mini-
erant blends not listed in Table 1103.1, the same requirement mum floor area shall not apply.
shall apply when the amount for any blend component exceeds 4. Refrigerant detectors are installed as required for ma-
that indicated in Table 1103.1 for that component. This re- chinery rooms in accordance with Section 1105.3.
quirement shall also apply when the combined amount of the
blend components exceeds a limit of 69,100 parts per million 5. Surfaces having temperatures exceeding 800°F
(ppm) by volume. Machinery rooms required by this section (427°C) and open flames are not present where any
shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Sec- Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant is used (see Sec-
tion 1105 for Group Al and Bl refrigerants and in accordance tion 1104.3.4).
with Sections 1105 and 1106 for Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 re- 6. All electrical equipment and appliances conform to
frigerants. Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification
requirements of NFPA 70 where the quantity of any
Exceptions: Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant in a single inde-
1. Machinery rooms are not required for listed equip- pendent circuit would exceed 25 percent of the lower
ment and appliances containing not more than 6.6 flammability limit (LFL) upon release to the space.
pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant, regardless of the refrig- 7. All refrigerant-containing parts in systems exceeding
erant's safety classification, where installed in accor- 100 hp (74.6 kW) drive power, except evaporators
dance with the equipment's or appliance's listing and used for refrigeration or dehumidification; condens-
the equipment or appliance manufacturer's installa- ers used for heating; control and pressure relief valves
tion instructions. for either; and connecting piping, shall be located ei-
2. Piping in conformance with Section 1107 is allowed ther outdoors or in a machinery room.
in other locations to connect components installed in 1104.3 Refrigerant restrictions. Refrigerant applications,
a machinery room with those installed outdoors. maximum quantities and use shall be restricted in accordance
1104.2.1 Institutional occupancies. The amounts shown with Sections 1104.3.1 through 1104.3.4.
in Table 1103.1 shall be reduced by 50 percent for all areas lIL04l.3.1 Air~conditioning for human comfort. In other
of institutional occupancies except kitchens, laboratories than industrial occupancies where the quantity in a single
and mortuaries. The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 re- independent circuit does not exceed the amount in Table
frigerants shall not exceed 550 pounds (250 kg) in occupied 1103.1, Group B 1, B2 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used
areas or machinery rooms. in high-probability systems for air-conditioning for human
1104.2.2 Industrial occupancies and refrigerated! rooms. comfort.
This section applies only to industrial occupancies and re- 1104.3.2 Nonindustrial occupancies. Group A2 and B2
frigerated rooms for manufacturing, food and beverage refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems
preparation, meat cutting, other processes and storage. Ma- where the quantity of refrigerant in any independent refrig-
chinery rooms are not required where all of the following erant circuit exceeds the amount shown in Table 1104.3.2.
conditions are met: Group A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used except
1. The space containing the machinery is separated from where approved.
other occupancies by tight construction with tight-fit- Exception.: This section does not apply to laboratories
ting doors. where the floor area per occupant is not less than 100
2. Access is restricted to authorized personnel. square feet (9.3 m2).
TABLE ~ 104.3.2
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTI1IES Of REFRIGERANTS
11041.41.2 Commu.nJrnllc31tnJrng sjplaces. Where an evaporator or more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and
condenser is located in an air duct system, the volume of the is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to or other open structure,
smallest, enclosed occupied space served by the duct system natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. Location
shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of the openings shall be based on the relative density of the re-
of refrigerant in the system. frigerant to air. The free-aperture cross section for the ventila-
tion of the machinery room shall be not less than:
JExcleptnollll~ If airflow to any enclosed space cannot be re-
duced below one-quarter of its maximum, the entire
space served by the air duct system shall be used to deter-
F=JG
mine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in
the system. For SI: F = 0.138 JG
Jl104.41.3 JP>llell1lu.nms. Where the space above a suspended where:
ceiling is continuous and part of the supply or return air ple- F = The free opening area in square feet (m 2).
num system, this space shall be included in calculating the
volume of the enclosed space. G = The mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest
system, any part of which is located in the machinery
room.
SfE(c'f~(Q)~ ~ 1(0)5) Jlll05.6.Jl Dnsclh31ll"ge lloc31tiol!ll. The discharge of the air shall
MA(cH~NERV ~(Q)OM~ (GENE~Al ~EQlJJ~~EMENuS be to the outdoors in accordance with Chapter 5. Exhaust
from mechanical ventilation systems shall be discharged not
[B] :n05.Jl DlesngJrn 3lmll cmllstll"lUIdnoll1l. Machinery rooms shall
less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a property line or openings
be designed and constructed in accordance with the Building
into buildings.
Code of New York State and this section.
1Jl05.6.2 Makeu.njpl anll". Provisions shall be made for makeup
1105.2 OpelIJlD.lIlgs. Ducts and air handlers in the machinery room
air to replace that being exhausted. Openings for makeup air
that operate at a lower pressure than the room shall be sealed to
shall be located to avoid intake of exhaust air. Supply and
prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the airstream.
exhaust ducts to the machinery room shall serve no other
[IF] 111.05.3 Refll"D.gell"31Jrnt ldletedoll". Refrigerant detectors in ma- area, shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 5 and
chinery rooms shall be provided as required by the Fire Code of shall be covered with corrosion-resistant screen of not less
New York State. than '/4-inch (6.4 mm) mesh.
1105.6.3 Quantity-normal ventilation. During occupied [IF] 1106.5 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechani-
conditions, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust cal equipment and appliances located in the machinery room
the larger of the following: shall be provided as required by the Fire Code of New York
1. Not less than 0.5 cfm per square foot (0.0025 m 3/s . State.
m 2) of machinery room area or 20 cfm (0.009 m 3/s) [F 1106.5.1 Refrigeration system. A clearly identified
per person; or switch of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control
2. A volume required to limit the room temperature rise of all electrically energized equipment and appliances in the
to 18°F (10°C) taking into account the ambient heat- machinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and
ing effect of all machinery in the room. machinery room ventilation.
1105.6.4 Quantity-emergency conditions. Upon actua- [F 1106.5.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch
tion of the refrigerant detector required in Section 1105.3, of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the
the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust air from the machinery room ventilation fans.
machinery room in the following quantity: [F]1106.6 Emergency signs and labels. Refrigeration units
and systems shall be provided with approved emergency signs,
Q= 100x-JG (Equation 11-2) charts, and labels in accordance with the Fire Code ofNew York
State.
For SI: Q = 0.07 x -JG
where:
SECTION 1107
Q = The airflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s). REFRIGERANT PIPING
G = The design mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the 1107.1 Generall. All refrigerant piping shall be installed, tested
largest system, any part of which is located in the and placed in operation in accordance with this chapter.
machinery room.
1107.2 Pipe enclosures. Rigid or flexible metal enclosures or
1105.7 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, pipe ducts shall be provided for soft, annealed copper tubing
fusible plugs and purge systems located within the machinery and used for refrigerant piping erected on the premises and
room shall terminate outside of the structure at a location not containing other than Group A 1 or B 1 refrigerants. Enclosures
less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and shall not be required for connections between condensing units
not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation and the nearest riser box(es), provided such connections do not
opening or exit. exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in length.
1105.8 Ammonia discharge. Pressure re1iefvalves for ammo- 1107.3 Condel1lsation. All refrigerating piping and fittings,
nia systems shall discharge in accordance with ASHRAE 15. brine piping and fittings that, during normal operation, will
reach a surface temperature below the dew point of the surround-
ing air, and are located in spaces or areas where condensation
SECTION 1106 will cause a safety hazard to the building occupants, structure,
MACHINERY ROOM, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS electrical equipment or any other equipment or appliances, shall
1106.1 General. Where required by Section 1104.2, the ma- be protected in an approved manner to prevent such damage.
chinery room shall meet the requirements of this section in ad- 1107.4 Materials for It"efrigerant pipe and tubing. Piping
dition to the requirements of Section 1105. materials shall be as set forth in Sections 1107.4.1 through
1106.2 Elevated temperature. There shall not be an open 1107.4.5.
flame-producing device or continuously operating hot surface 1107.4J. SteeB pipe. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness
over 800°F (427°C) permanently installed in the room. not less than Schedule 80 shall be used for Group A2, A3,
1106.3 Ammonia room ventilation. Ventilation systems in B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines for sizes 1.5 inches (38
ammonia machinery rooms shall be operated continuously. mm) and smaller. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness
not less than Schedule 40 shall be used for Group A 1 or B I
Exceptions:
refrigerant liquid lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller,
1. Machinery rooms equipped with a vapor detector that Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines sizes 2
will automatically start the ventilation system and ac- inches (51 mm) through 6 inches (152 mm) and all refriger-
tuate an alarm at a detection level not to exceed 1,000 ant suction and discharge lines 6 inches (152 mm) and
ppm; or smaller. Type F steel pipe shall not be used for refrigerant
2. Machinery rooms conforming to the Class 1, Division lines having an operating temperature less than -20°F
2, hazardous location classification requirements of (-29°C).
NFPA 70. 1107.4.2 Copper and brass pipe. Standard iron-pipe size,
1106.4 Flammable refrigerants. Where refrigerants of copper and red brass (not less than 80-percent copper) pipe
Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3 are used, the machinery room shall shall conform to ASTM B 42 and ASTM B 43.
conform to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classifi- 1107.4.3 Copper tube. Copper tube used for refrigerant pip-
cation requirements of NFPA 70. ing erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of
Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms. Type ACR (hard or annealed) complying with ASTM B 280.
JlJlO/05 .]"a}nlI1lfts 2llI1lll11ll"~[ll"ng~ll"2llI1ltc~a}lI1llt2lnlI1lnlI1lg jpl2lll"fts nrm 2lnll" (!jhlll~ftso 1. Gas bulk storage tanks that are not permanently con-
Joints and all refrigerant-containing parts of a refrigerating nected to a refrigeration system.
system located in an air duct of an air-conditioning system car- 2. Systems erected on the premises with copper tubing
rying conditioned air to and from human-occupied space shall not exceeding 5/s-inch (15.8 mm) aD, with wall thick-
be constructed to withstand, without leakage, a pressure of 150 ness as required by ASHRAE 15, shall be tested in ac-
percent of the higher of the design pressure or pressure relief cordance with Section 1108.1, or by means of
device setting. refrigerant charged into the system at the saturated va-
JlJlO/oi6 IE};\jpla}sunll"~ a}[ ll"~[ll"ng~ll"21lI1lt JPlnJPl~ ja}nrmftso Refrigerant pipe por pressure of the refrigerant at 70 0 P (21°C) or
joints erected on the premises shall be exposed for visual in- higher.
spection prior to being covered or enclosed. 3. Limited-charge systems equipped with a pressure re-
JlJlO/o/ §ta}JPl v2lllv~so All systems containing more than 6.6 lief device, erected on the premises, shall be tested at a
pounds (3 kg) of a refrigerant in systems using positive-dis- pressure not less than one and one-half times the pres-
placement compressors shall have stop valves installed as fol- sure setting of the relief device. U the equipment or
lows: appliance has been tested by the manufacturer at one
and one-half times the design pressure, the test after
1. At the inlet of each compressor, compressor unit or con- erection on the premises shall be conducted at the de-
densing unit. sign pressure.
2. At the discharge outlet of each compressor, compressor JlJlQb~tJloJl JRoa}s1~ll" ~([)mJPlll"essoll"o Where a compressor is used
unit or condensing unit and of each liquid receiver. as a booster to obtain an intermediate pressure and dis-
JE};\~~JPltna}rms : charges into the suction side of another compressor, the
1. Systems that have a refrigerant pumpout function ca- booster compressor shall be considered a part of the low
pable of storing the entire refrigerant charge in a re- side, provided that it is protected by a pressure relief device.
ceiver or heat exchanger. C~rmtll"n[ung2lIl/lI1la}rmJPlosnanve
JlJlQb80Jl02 «llnsJPlll2llC~m~lI1lt lCa}m
c
2. Systems that are equipped with provisions for In field-testing systems using centrifugal or other
I!])Jr'~§§([)Il"§0
pumpout of the refrigerant using either portable or nonpositive displacement compressors, the entire system
permanently installed recovery equipment. shall be considered as the low-side pressure for field test
purposes.
3. Self-contained systems.
JlJl08021r~§t g2l§~so Tests shall be performed with an inert dried
JlJlO/%Jl [j«nunn«ll ll"~~~nv~ll"so All systems containing 100
pounds (45 kg) or more of a refrigerant, other than systems gas including, but not limited to, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
utilizing nonpositive displacement compressors, shall have Oxygen, air, combustible gases and mixtures containing such
stop valves, in addition to those required by Section 1107.7, gases shall not be used.
on each inlet of each liquid receiver. Stop valves shall not be IE};\lC~JPltnm1l: The use of air is allowed to test R-717, ammo-
required on the inlet of a receiver in a condensing unit, nor nia, systems provided that they are subsequently evacuated
on the inlet of a receiver which is an integral part of the con- before charging with refrigerant.
denser. JlJlQb803 1r~st 2lJPlP2lll"21tunso The means used to build up the test
JlJlQb/o/02 Ca}jplJPl~ll" tunlbfirmgo Stop valves used with soft an- pressure shall have either a pressure-limiting device or a pres-
nealed copper tubing or hard-drawn copper tubing 7/s-inch sure-reducing device and a gauge on the outlet side.
(22.2 mm) OD standard size or smaller shall be securely JlJlQ)~t4} IIJ)~dall"21tn([)rmo A certificate of test shall be provided for
mounted, independent of tubing fastenings or supports. all systems containing 55 pounds (25 kg) or more of refriger-
JlJlQb/o/03 lI«ll~rmtiiffk~tiiormo Stop valves shall be identified ant. The certificate shall give the name of the refrigerant and the
where their intended purpose is not obvious. Numbers shall field test pressure applied to the high side and the low side of
not be used to label the valves, unless a key to the numbers is the system. The certification of test shall be signed by the in-
located near the valves. staller and shall be made part of the public record.
a9
REFRIGERATION
[F]SECTION 1109
PERIODIC TEST~NG
1109.1 Testing required. The following emergency devices
and systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions:
•
1. Treatment and flaring systems.
2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of
emergency refrigeration control boxes.
3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate
emergency pure ventilation systems.
4. Detection and alarm systems.
lABllE ~202.4-CCliB'1ltDU1lRJedl
SE<cr~ONl ~ 2(Q)~ HYDlRONiiC PiPE
G[ENE~Al STANDARD (see Chapter 15)
MATERIAL
:D.20l1.:D. §cl[])pe. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the ASTM D 2513; ASTM D 3035;
construction, installation, alteration and repair ofhydronic pip- Polyethylene (PE) pipe, tubing
ASTM D 2447; ASTM D 2683;
and fittings (for ground source
ing systems. This chapter shall apply to hydronic piping sys- heat pump loop systems)
ASTM F 1055; ASTM D 2837;
tems that are part of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning ASTM D 3350; ASTM D 1693
systems. Such piping systems shall include steam, hot water, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241
chilled water, steam condensate and ground source heat pump plastic pipe
loop systems. Potable cold and hot water distribution systems Steel pipe ASTM A 53; ASTM A 106
shall be installed in accordance with the Plumbing Code ofNew
Steel tubing ASTM A 254
York State.
:D.20l1.2 Pipe sizing. Piping for hydronic systems shall be sized
for the demand of the system.
1202.5 Pnjpe fittilll1lgs. Hydronic pipe fittings shall be approved
for installation with the piping materials to be installed, and
S!E<cr~o~ ~ ~(Q)~ shall conform to the respective pipe standards or to the stan-
MAr!E~~Al dards listed in Table 1202.5.
:D.2ij2.:D. lPipnI!1lg. Piping material shall conform to the standards
cited in this section. TABLE ~202.5
lExceptnl[])I!1l: Embedded piping regulated by Section 1209. HVDRONIC PiPE fiITINGS
1202.2 Used! m~tern~lls. Reused pipe, fittings, valves or other MATERIAL STANDARD (see Chapter 15)
materials shall be clean and free of foreign materials. Bronze ASMEB16.24
:D.202.3 M~teri~n r~tnI!1lg. Materials shall be rated for the operat- ASME BI6.l5; ASME B16.l8;
ing temperature and pressure of the hydronic system. Materials Copper and copper alloys ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23;
shall be suitable for the type of fluid in the hydronic system. ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29
:D.20l2.41 PHpHI!1lg m~tern~Hs §t~I!1ld!~rd!s. Hydronic pipe shall con- Gray iron ASTM A 126
form to the standards listed in Table 1202.4. The exterior of the Malleable iron ASMEBI6.3
pipe shall be protected from corrosion and degradation.
ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467;
Plastic ASTM D 2468; ASTM F 438;
ASTM F 439; ASTM F 877
lABlE ~202.41
~VDRON~C P~PIE ASME BI6.5; ASME BI6.9;
Steel ASME BI6.11; ASME BI6.28;
MATER~Al STANDARD (see Chapter 15) ASTMA420
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Brass ASTM F 1974
ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282
(ABS) plastic pipe
Brass pipe ASTM B 43
Brass tubing ASTM B 135 :D.202.6 VaRves. Valves shall be constructed of materials that are
compatible with the type of piping material and fluids in the
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
system. Valves shall be rated for the temperatures and pres-
Copper or copper-alloy tube ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; sures of the systems in which the valves are installed.
(Type K, L or M) ASTM B 251
:D.202.7 FllexibRe CI[})I!1lll1l.ediOrS, expm!Jlsnmn ~nd! vibration. com
g
1203.1.1 Joints between different plpmg materials. 1203.3.8.2 Brazed joints. Mechanically formed tee fit-
Joints between different piping materials shall be made with tings shall be brazed in accordance with Section
approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic 1203.3.1.
piping materials shall be made with approved dielectric fit- 11.203.4 ABS pllastic pfipe. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or
tings or brass converter fittings. fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conform-
1203.2 Preparatioll1 of pipe ends. Pipe shall be cut square, ing to Section 1203.3.
reamed and chamfered, and shall be free of burrs and obstruc- 1203.5 Brass pipe. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall
tions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints conforming
undercut. to Section 1203.3.
1203.3 Joint preparation and installation. When required by 1203.6 Brass tubing. Joints between brass tubing or fittings
Sections 1203.4 through 1203.14, the preparation and installa- shall be brazed, mechanical or soldered joints conforming to
tion of brazed, mechanical, soldered, solvent-cemented, Section 1203.3.
threaded and welded joints shall comply with Sections
1203.3.1 through 1203.3.7. 1203.7 CoppeII" or copper-alloy pipe. Joints between copper
or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical,
1203.3.1 Brazed joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An soldered, threaded or welded joints conforming to Section
approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint 1203.3.
shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.
1203.8 CoppeII" or copper-aHoy tubing. Joints between cop-
1203.3.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be in- per or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechani-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. calor soldered joints conforming to Section 1203.3 or flared
1203.3.3 Soldered joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A joints conforming to Section 1203.8.1.
flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint 1203.8.1 Flared-joints. Flared joints shall be made by a tool
shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32. designed for that operation.
1203.3.4 Solventacemented joints. Joint surfaces shall be Jl203.9 CPVC plastic pipe. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe
clean and free of moisture. An approved primer shall be ap- or fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints con-
plied to CPVC and PVC pipe-joint surfaces. Joints shall be
made while the cement is wet and in accordance with
ASTM F 402. Solvent cement conforming to the following
standards shall be applied to all joint surfaces:
forming to Section 1203.3.
Jl203.10 Resen'ed.
1203.11 Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing.
.e
1. ASTM D 2235 for ABS joints. Joints between cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing and fit-
tings shall conform to Sections 1203.11.1 and 1203.11.2. Me-
2. ASTM D 2846 or ASTM F 493 for CPVC joints. chanical joints shall conform to Section 1203.3.
3. ASTM D 2564 for PVC joints.
1203.11.1 Compression-type fittings. When compres-
CPVC joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D sion-type fittings include inserts and ferrules or O-rings, the
2846. fittings shall be installed without omitting the inserts and
1203.3.5 Th.readed joints. Threads shall conform to ASME ferrules or O-rings.
B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier plastic pipe shall be threaded 1203.11.2 Plastic-to-metal connections. Soldering on the
with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Thread lubri- metal portion of the system shall be performed at least 18
cant, pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the inches (457 mm) from a plastic-to-metal adapter in the same
male threads only and shall be approved for application on water line.
the piping material.
1203.12 PVC plastic pipe. Joints between PVC plastic pipe
1203.3.6 Welded joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned by and fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints con-
an approved procedure. Joints shall be welded with an ap- forming to Section 1203.3.
proved filler metal.
1203.13 Steel pipe. Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall
1203.3.7 Grooved and shouldered joints. Grooved and be mechanical joints that are made with an approved
shouldered joints shall be approved and installed in accor- elastomeric seal, or shall be threaded or weldedjoints conform-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. ing to Section 1203.3.
1203.3.8 Mechanicaily formed tee fittings. Mechanically 1203.14 Steel tubing. Joints between steel tubing or fittings
extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three times shall be mechanical or welded joints conforming to Section
the thickness of the branch tube wall. 1203.3.
1203.3.8.1 Full flow assurance. Branch tubes shall not 1203.15 Pollye1lhylene pllastic pipe and tubing for ground
restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple/depth stop source heat pump loop systems. Joints between polyethylene
shall be formed in the branch tube to ensure that penetra- plastic pipe and tubing or fittings for ground source heat pump
tion into the outlet is of the correct depth. For inspection loop systems shall be heat fusion joints conforming to Section
purposes, a second dimple shall be placed 0.25 inch (6.4 1203.15.1, electrofusion joints conforming to Section
mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be aligned 1203.15.2, or stab-type insertion joints conforming to Section
with the tube run. 1203.15.3.
12@3Jl5.]. IHIe31t-ft'\lllsuorrn jourrnts. Joints shall be of the 11.205.1.5 lEq\lllipmell1lt aJl1lmt apJPlHi2l1llces. Shutoff valves shall
socket-fusion, saddle-fusion or butt-fusion type, fabricated be installed on connections to mechanical equipment and ap-
in accordance with the piping manufacturer's instructions. pliances. This requirement does not apply to components of a
Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture. Joint sur- hydronic system such as pumps, air separators, metering de-
faces shall be heated to melt temperatures and joined. The vices and similar equipment.
joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Fittings shall be manu- 1205.1.6 lExjpl31ll1lsnmn tarrnlks. Shutoff valves shall be in-
factured in accordance with ASTM D 2683. stalled at connections to nondiaphragm-type expansion
Jl.203J.5.2 EJledll"oft'\lllsum1l jOllu1lts. Joints shall be of the tanks.
electrofusion type. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of
11.205.2 RedhllllCemt jplIreSSllue. A pressure relief valve shall be in-
moisture, and scoured to expose virgin resin. Joint surfaces
stalled on the low-pressure side of a hydronic piping system
shall be heated to melt temperatures for the period of time
that has been reduced in pressure. The relief valve shall be set at
specified by the manufacturer. The joint shall be undisturbed
the maximum pressure of the system design. The valve shall be
until cool. Fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with
installed in accordance with Section 1006.
ASTM F 1055.
1203.].5.3 Stab-tyjple ull1lseIr't friiUnrrngs. Joint surfaces shall be
clean and free of moisture. Pipe ends shall be chamfered and SEC1r~ON 12(Ql6
inserted into the fittings to full depth. Fittings shall be manu- P~P~NG ~NSTAllAT~ON
factured in accordance with ASTM D 2513. 1211)6.11. GeIl1ler31ll. Piping, valves, fittings and connections shall
be installed in accordance with the conditions of approval.
SEtC1f~ON ~ 2(Q)4} 1206.1.Jl 1P'll"ohJibutedl tee appllucatioll1s. Fluid in the supply
[P~PIE ~NSQJJl~1f~OJINl side of a hydronic system shall not enter a tee fitting through
11.204.]. IIlIJls\lllll31lliorrn lClln31ll"adell"usllJilC§. Pipe insulation installed in the branch opening.
buildings shall conform to the requirements of the Energy Con- Jl206.2 System mtll"aurrn dowlI1l. Hydronic piping systems shall be
servation Construction Code ofNew York State, shall be tested in designed and installed to permit the system to be drained.
accordance with ASTM E 84 , using the specimen preparation Where the system drains to the plumbing drainage system, the
and mounting procedures of ASTM E2231 and shall have a installation shall conform to the requirements of the Plumbing
maximum flame spread index of 25 and a smoke-developed in- Code ofNew York State.
dex not exceeding 450. Insulation installed in an air plenum 1206.3 PIrollednmnoft'lPotablle water. The potable water system
shall comply with Section 602.2.1. shall be protected from backflow in accordance with the
lExlCepllum1l: The maximum flame spread index and smoke- Plumbing Code ofNew York State.
developed index shall not apply to one- and two-family
1206.41 Pfipe peIl1letnll1tiOH1\s. Openings for pipe penetrations in
dwellings.
walls, floors or ceilings shall be larger than the penetrating pipe.
11.204.2 lRel!Jj\lllllll"erll llllnudkIl1less. Hydronic piping shall be insu- Openings through concrete or masonry building elements shall be
lated to the thickness required by the Energy Conservation sleeved. The annular space surrounding pipe penetrations shall be
Construction Code ofNew York State. protected in accordance with the Building Code ofNew York State.
11.206.5 ClleararrnlCe to lComb1lllstublles. A pipe in a hydronic pip-
ing system in which the exterior temperature exceeds 250°F
S!EC1r~OINl ~ 2([))5
(121°C) shall have a minimum clearance of 1 inch (25 mm) to
V~lV!ES
combustible materials.
1205.1 WllneJre ll"eqj\lllull"erll. Shutoff valves shall be installed in
hydronic piping systems in the locations indicated in Sections Jl206.((i) Contad wntlln b1lJlllRdnJrllg materiaL A hydronic piping
1205.1.1 through 1205.1.6. system shall not be in direct contact with building materials
that cause the piping material to degrade or corrode, or that in-
11.205.11..11. Heat eXlClln~llIl1lgell"s.Shutoff valves shall be installed terfere with the operation of the system.
on the supply and return side of a heat exchanger.
1206.I Water llnammeIr. The flow velocity of the hydronic pip-
EXlCejpltuorrn: Shutoff valves shall not be required when ing system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water
heat exchangers are integral with a boiler; or are a com- hammer. Where a quick-closing valve creates water hammer,
ponent of a manufacturer's boiler and heat exchanger an approved water-hammer arrestor shall be installed. The
packaged unit and are capable of being isolated from the arrestor shall be located within a range as specified by the man-
hydronic system by the supply and return valves required ufacturer of the quick-closing valve.
by Section 1005.1.
Jl.206.~ Steam jpliPllll1lg JPlntdll. Steam piping shall be installed to
1205.11..2 Celflltll"all systems. Shutoff valves shall be installed drain to the boiler or the steam trap. Steam systems shall not
on the building supply and return of a central utility system. have drip pockets that reduce the capacity ofthe steam piping.
1205.11..3 PIreSS1l1lll"e vesseDs. Shutoff valves shall be installed 1206.1!]) StranDS and stJresses. Piping shall be installed so as to
on the connection to any pressure vessel. prevent detrimental strains and stresses in the pipe. Provisions
1205.11..41 Pll"ess\lllll"e-ll"edlllldIl1lg vallves. Shutoff valves shall be shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from ex-
installed on both sides of a pressure-reducing valve. pansion, contraction and structural settlement. Piping shall be
SECTION 1207
TRANSFER FLUiD
1207.1 Flash point. The flash point of transfer fluid in a
hydronic piping system shall be a minimum of 50 0 P (28°C)
above the maximum system operating temperature.
1207.2 Makeup water. The transfer fluid shall be compatible
with the makeup water supplied to the system.
SECTION 1208
TESTS
1208.1 General. Hydronic piping systems other than ground-
source heat pump loop systems shall be tested hydrostatically
at one and one half times the maximum system design pressure,
but not less than 100 psi (689 kPa). The duration of each test
shall be not less than 15 minutes. Ground-source heat pump
loop systems shall be tested in accordance with Section
1208.1.1.
1208.1.1 Ground source heat pump loop systems. Before
connection (header) trenches are backfilled, the assembled
loop system shall be pressure tested with water at 100 psi
(689 kPa) for 30 minutes with no observed leaks. Flow and
pressure loss testing shall be performed and the actual flow
rates and pressure drops shall be compared to the calculated
design values. If actual flow rate or pressure drop values dif-
fer from calculated design values by more than 10 percent,
the problem shall be identified and corrected.
SECTION 1209
EMBEDDED PIPING
1209.1 Materials. Piping for heating panels shall be stan-
dard-weight steel pipe, Type L copper tubing or other approved
plastic pipe or tubing rated at 100 psi (689 kPa) at 180 0 P (S2°C).
1209.2 Pressurizing during installation. Piping to be embed-
ded in concrete shall be pressure tested prior to pouring con-
crete. During pouring, the pipe shall be maintained at the
proposed operating pressure.
1209.2.1 Steel pipe joints. Steel pipe shall be welded by
electrical arc or oxygen/acetylene method.
1209.2.2 Copper tubing joints. Copper tubing shall be
joined by brazing with filler metals having a melting point
of not less than 1,000oP (538°C).
lABlE 1302.3
IH.BfEl Oil PIP~NG
S[EC1f~ON 13«:1l1
GlENIE~Al MATERiAL SlANDARD (see Chapter 15)
.ll.3«)1.1 §cGpe. This chapter shall govern the design, installa- Brass pipe ASTMB43
tion, construction and repair of fuel-oil storage and piping
o systems. The storage of fuel oil and flammable and combusti- Brass tubing ASTM B 135
ble liquids shall be in accordance with the Fire Code of New Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
York State. Copper or copper-alloy tubing ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
1301.2 Stm·age and! pnpnIDlg systems. Fuel-oil storage systems (Type K, L or M) ASTMB 280
shall comply with the Fire Code of New York State. Fuel-oil Labeled pipe (See Section 1302.4)
piping systems shall comply with the requirements of this
Nonmetallic pipe ASTMD 2996
code.
Steel pipe ASTM A 53; ASTM A 106
1301.3 JF1lJlell type. An appliance shall be designed for use with
Steel tubing ASTM A 254; ASTM A 539
the type of fuel to which it will be connected. Such appliance
~ shall not be converted, from fuel specified on the rating plate 1302.4 NOJlllmetamc pipe. All nonmetallic pipe shall be listed
~ and the manufacturers installation instructions for use with a and labeled as being acceptable for the intended application for
different fuel without securing reapproval from the code en- flammable and combustible liquids. Nonmetallic pipe shall be
•
forcement official. installed only outside, underground.
1301.4 JF1lJlell tan!ks? pnpllHllg and! vallves. The tank, piping and 1302.5 JFnttings aHlldl vallves. Fittings and valves shall be ap-
valves for appliances burning oil shall be installed in accor- proved for the piping systems, and shall be compatible with, or
dance with the requirements of this chapter. When an oil burner shall be of the same material as, the pipe or tubing.
is served by a tank, any part of which is above the level of the
13«)2.6 lBelIUllill1lg off pnpe. Pipe shall be approved for bending.
burner inlet connection and where the fuel supply line is taken
Pipe bends shall be made with approved equipment. The bend
from the top of the tank, an approved antisiphon valve or other
shall not exceed the structural limitations of the pipe.
siphon-breaking device shall be installed in lieu of the shutoff
valve. 1302. i 1P'1lJlmps. Pumps that are not part of an appliance shall be
of a positive-displacement type. The pump shall automatically
1301.5 AlbaJl1ldoll1lmell1lt Gil" lI"emovall Gff lhieatnHllg Gnll stoll"age shut off the supply when not in operation. Pumps shall be listed
tall1lks and lI"ellated pnjplHng. Abandonment or removal of heat- and labeled in accordance with UL 343. 0
ing oil storage tanks and related piping shall be in accordance
with Section 3404.2.13 of the Fire Code ofNew York State. 1302.8 IFllexnblle cOll1llIledOlrS 3111ldl l!lloses. Flexible connectors
and hoses shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 0
536. U
SIECiI~ON 1302
MAillEJUAl SECT~OINl 1303
1302.1 Gell1lell"aR. Piping materials shall conform to the stan- JO~NiS AND CONNECT~ONS
dards cited in this section. 1303.1 Applwvall. Joints and connections shall be approved
1302.2 Rated ffoll" system. All materials shall be rated for the and of a type approved for fuel-oil piping systems. All threaded
operating temperatures and pressures of the system, and shall joints and connections shall be made tight with suitable lubri-
be compatible with the type of liquid. cant or pipe compound. Unions requiring gaskets or packings,
right or left couplings, and sweat fittings employing solder
1302.3 JPipe stand!all"ds. Fuel oil pipe shall comply with one of having a melting point ofless than 1,000oP (538°C) shall not
the standards listed in Table 1302.3. be used in oil lines. Cast-iron fittings shall not be used. Joints
and connections shall be tight for the pressure required by test.
1303.1.1 Joints between different piping materials. Joints than tubing, connected to underground tanks, except straight
between different piping materials shall be made with ap- fill lines and test wells, shall be provided with flexible connec-
proved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic pip- tors, or otherwise arranged to permit the tanks to settle without
ing materials shall be made with approved dielectric fittings impairing the tightness of the piping connections.
or brass converter fittings.
1303.2 Preparation of pipe ends. All pipe shall be cut square,
reamed and chamfered and be free of all burrs and obstructions. SECTION 1304
Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be under- PIPING SUPPORT
cut. 1304.1 General. Pipe supports shall be in accordance with
Section 305.
1303.3 Joint preparation and installation. Where required
by Sections 1303.4 through 1303.10, the preparation and in-
stallation of brazed, mechanical, threaded and welded joints
SECTION 1305
shall comply with Sections 1303.3.1 through 1303.3.4.
FUEL Oil SYSTEM INSTALLATION
1303.3.1 Brazed joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned.
1305.1 Size. The fuel oil system shall be sized for the maximum
An approved flux shall be applied where required. The
capacity of fuel oil required. The minimum size of a supply line
joints shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS
shall be 3/s-inch (9.5 mm) inside diameter nominal pipe or
A5.8.
3fs-inch (9.5 mm) OD tubing. The minimum size of a return line
1303.3.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanicaljoints shall be in- shall be 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) inside diameter nominal pipe or
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 5/ 16-inch (7.9 mm) outside diameter tubing. Copper tubing shall
1303.3.3 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to have 0.035-inch (0.9 mm) nominal and 0.032-inch (0.8 mm)
ASME B 1.20.1. Pipe-joint compound or tape shall be minimum wall thickness.
applied on the male threads only. 1305.2 PJl"otection of pipe, equipment and appliances. All
1303.3.4 Welded joints. All joint surfaces shall be cleaned fuel oil pipe, equipment and appliances shall be protected from
by an approved procedure. The joint shall be welded with an physical damage.
approved filler metal. 1305.2.1 Flood hazard. All fuel oil pipe, equipment and ap-
1303.4 Brass pipe. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall pliances located in flood hazard areas shall be located above
be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints complying the design flood elevation or shall be capable ofresisting hy-
with Section 1303.3. drostatic and hydrodynamic loads and stresses, including
the effects of buoyancy, during the occurrence of flooding to
1303.5 Brass tubing. Joints between brass tubing or fittings the design flood elevation.
shall be brazed or mechanical joints complying with Section
1303.3. 1305.3 Supply piping. Supply piping shall connect to the top
of the fuel oil tank. Fuel oil shall be supplied by a transfer pump
1303.6 Copper or copper-alloy pipe. Joints between copper or automatic pump or by other approved means.
or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical,
threaded or welded joints complying with Section 1303.3. Exception.: This section shall not apply to inside or
above-ground fuel oil tanks.
1303.7 Copper or copper-alloy tubing. Joints between cop-
per or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed or me- 1305.4 Return piping. Return piping shall connect to the top
chanical joints complying with Section 1303.3 or flared joints. of the fuel oil tank. Valves shall not be installed on return
Flared joints shall be made by a tool designed for that piping.
operation. 1305.5 System pressure. The system shall be designed for the
1303.8 Nonmetallic pipe. Joints between nonmetallic pipe or maximum pressure required by the fuel-oiL-burning appliance.
fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's Air or other gases shall not be used to pressurize tanks.
instructions for the labeled pipe and fittings. 1305.6 Fill piping. A fill pipe shall terminate outside of a
1303.9 Steel pipe. Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall be building at a point at least 2 feet (610 mm) from any building
threaded or welded joints complying with Section 1303.3 or opening at the same or lower level. A fill pipe shall terminate in
mechanical joints complying with Section 1303.9.1. a manner designed to minimize spilling when the filling hose is
disconnected. Fill opening shall be equipped with a tight metal
1303.9.1 Mechanical joints. Joints shall be made with an cover designed to discourage tampering.
approved elastomeric seal. Mechanical joints shall be in-
stalled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 1305.7 Vent pipmg. Liquid fuel vent pipes shall terminate outside
Mechanical joints shall be installed outside, underground, of buildings at a point not less than 2 feet (610 mm) measured ver-
unless otherwise approved. tically or horizontally from any building opening. Outer ends of
vent pipes shall terminate in a weatherproof vent cap or fitting or
1303.10 Steel tubing. Joints between steel tubing or fittings be provided with a weatherproof hood. All vent caps shall have a
shall be mechanical or welded joints complying with Section minimum free open area equal to the cross-sectional area of the
1303.3. vent pipe and shall not employ screens finer than No.4 mesh. Vent
1303.11 Piping protection. Proper allowance shall be made pipes shall terminate sufficiently above the ground to avoid being
for expansion, contraction, jarring and vibration. Piping other obstructed with snow or ice. Vent pipes from tanks containing
Liquid fuel vent pipes shall not be cross connected with fill
pipes, lines from burners or overflow lines from auxiliary
tanks.
SECf~O~ 1306
O~l GiI.\JLJJG~NG
li306.:n. LeveR nl!1ldka1nolll. All tanks in which a constant oil level
is not maintained by an automatic pump shall be equipped with
a method of determining the oil level.
li306.2 Tes1 weHRs. Test wells shall not be installed inside build-
ings. For outside service, test wells shall be equipped with a
tight metal cover designed to discourage tampering.
1306.3 ][Illslide ~allllks. The gauging of inside tanks by means of
measuring sticks shall not be permitted. An inside tank pro-
vided with fill and vent pipes shall be provided with a device to
indicate either visually or audibly at the fill point when the oil
in the tank has reached a predetermined safe level.
1306.4 GalUlgling devll<ces. Gauging devices such as liquid level
•
indicators or signals shall be designed and installed so that oil
vapor will not be discharged into a building from the liquid fuel
supply system.
1306.5 Galillge gRass. A tank used in connection with any oil
burner shall not be equipped with a glass gauge or any gauge
which, when broken, will permit the escape of oil from the
tank.
SEC1r~ON 13(}1
fUEL O~l VALVES
1307.1 BuiHdiJl1lg slhl1lntoff. A shutoff valve shall be installed on
the fuel-oil supply line at the entrance to the building. Inside or
above-ground tanks are permitted to have valves installed at the
tank. The valve shall be capable of stopping the flow of fuel oil
to the building or to the appliance served where the valve is in-
stalled at a tank inside the building.
1307.2 AppHRaJl1l<ce sllnlUltoff. A shutoff valve shall be installed at
the connection to each appliance where more than one
fuel-oil-burning appliance is installed.
1I.307.3lPlUlmp reRne! vallve. A relief valve shall be installed on
the pump discharge line where a valve is located downstream of
the pump and the pump is capable of exceeding the pressure
limitations of the fuel oil system.
1307.4 FlllIen~oiR heater relid vaRve. A relief valve shall be in-
stalled on the discharge line of fuel-oil-heating appliances.
:ll.307.5 ReUd vaRve operatiolll. The relief valve shall discharge
fuel oil when the pressure exceeds the limitations ofthe system.
The discharge line shall connect to the fuel oil tank.
Jl40203 C~nntJr~mllllg tC~llll«llerrnsatll~nno Where attics or structural :ll.4020({P lP'eillletJratn~nnso Roof and wall penetrations shall be
spaces are part of a passive solar system, ventilation of such flashed and sealed to prevent entry of water, rodents and in-
spaces, as required by Section 406, is not required where other sects.
approved means of controlling condensation are provided.
11402Al RI1l~fgmm.nnntte([j! tCl{)Hned~Jrso Roof-mounted solar collec- 114020' lFnllteJrllllllgo Air transported to occupied spaces through
tors that also serve as a roof covering shall conform to the re- rock or dust-producing materials by means other than natural
quirements for roof coverings in accordance with the Building convection shall be filtered at the outlet from the heat storage
Code ofNew York State. system.
SOLAR SYSTEMS
SECTION 1403
HEAT TRANSFER fLUIDS
1403.1 Flash point. The flash point of the actual heat transfer
fluid utilized in a solar system shall be not less than SO°F (28°C)
above the design maximum nonoperating (no-flow) temperature
of the fluid attained in the collector.
1403.2 Flammable gases and liquids. A flammable liquid or
gas shall not be utilized as a heat transfer fluid. The flash point
of liquids used in occupancies classified in Group H or F shall
not be lower unless approved.
SECTION 1404
MATERIALS
1404.1 Collectors. Factory-built collectors shall be listed and
labeled, and bear a label showing the manufacturer's name and
address, model number, collector dry weight, collector maxi-
mum allowable operating and nonoperating temperatures and
pressures, minimum allowable temperatures and the types of
heat transfer fluids that are compatible with the collector. The
label shall clarify that these specifications apply only to the
collector.
1404.2 Thermal storage units. Pressurized thermal storage
units shall be listed and labeled, and bear a label showing the
manufacturer's name and address, model number, serial num-
ber, storage unit maximum and minimum allowable operating
temperatures, storage unit maximum and minimum allowable
operating pressures and the types of heat transfer fluids com-
patible with the storage unit. The label shall clarify that these
specifications apply only to the thermal storage unit.
This chapter lists the standards that are referenced in various sections of this document. The standards are listed herein by the
promulgating agency of the standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or sections of this
document that reference the standard. The application of the referenced standards shall be as specified in Chapter 1.
* Denotes standards that are incorporated by reference into 19 NYCRR part 1222.
ASME-eontill1lued
BI6.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS Y2 through NPS 24-
With B16.5a-1998 Addenda Table 1202.5
BI6.9-1993 Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings Table 1202.5
BI6.11-1996 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded Table 1202.5
BI6.l5-1985(RI994) Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Table 1202.5
BI6.l8-1984(RI994) Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings 513.13.1, Table 1202.5
BI6.22-1995 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
Fittings-with BI6.22a-1998 Addenda 513.13.1, Tabl e 1202.5
BI6.23-1992 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings DWV Table 1202.5
BI6.24-1991 (RI998) Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Class 150, 300,400,600,900, 1500 and 2500 Table 1202.5
BI6.26-1988 Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes Table 1202.5
B 16.28-1994 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns Table 1202.5
BI6.29-1994 Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings-DWV Table 1202.5
BPVC-1998 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (Sections I, II, IV, V & VI) 1004.1, 1011.1
CSD-I-1998 Controls and Safety Devices for Automatically Fired Boilers 1004.1
ASTM International
e F 441/F 441M-99
F 442/F 442M-99
F493-97
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40 and 80
Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR)
Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic
Table 1202.4
Table 1202.4
Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
c/o Superintendent of Documents
UL
Standard
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062-2096
Referenced
Reference in code
Number Title section number
17-94 Vent or Chimney Connector Dampers for Oil-Fired Appliances-with Revisions
through September 1998 803.6
103-98 Factory-Built Chimneys, Residential Type and Building Heating Appliance-with
Revisions through March 1999 805.2
127-96 Factory-Built Fireplaces-with Revisions through November 1999 805.3,903.1,903.3
174-98 Household Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters-with revisions through October 1999 1002.1
181-96 Factory-made Air Ducts and Air Connectors-with Revisions through December 1998 512.2,603.5,603.6.1,
603.6.2, 604.13
197-93 Commercial Electric Cooking Appliances-With Revisions Through January 2000 507.1
207-93 Refrigerant-Containing Components and Accessories, Nonelectrical-with Revisions
Through October 1997 1101.2
296-04 Oil Burners .1004.1
343-97 Pumps for Oil-Burning Appliances-with revisions through December 22,1999 1302.7
391-95 Solid-Fuel and Combination-Fuel Central and Supplementary Furnaces-with Revisions
Through May 1999 918.1
412-93 Refrigeration Unit Coolers-with Revisions through November 1998 1101.2
471-95 Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers-with Revisions through April 1998 1101.2
536-97 Flexible metallic Hose - with revisions through October 2000 1302.8
555-99 Fire Dampers - with Revisions through October, 2000 607.3
555C-96 Ceiling Dampers 607.3,607.6.2
555S-99 Smoke Dampers-with Revisions through December 1999 607.3,607.3.1.1
586-96 High-Efficiency, Particulate, Air Filter Units - with revisions through april 21, 2000 605.2
641-95 Type L Low-Temperature Venting Systems-with Revisions through April 1999 802.1
647-93 Unvented Kerosene-Fired Room Heaters and Portable Heaters 922.2
710-95 Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment-with Revisions through April 1999 507.1
726-98 Oil-Fired Boiler Assemblies-with Revisions through January 1999 916.1,1004.1
727-94 Oil-Fired Centeral Furnaces-with Revisions through January 1999 918.1
729-98 Oil-Fired Floor Furnaces-with Revisions through January 1999 910.1
730-98 Oil-Fired Wall Furnaces-with Revisions through January 1999 909.1
731-95 Oil-Fired Unit Heaters-with Revisions through January 1999 920.1
732-95 Oil-Fired Storage Tank Water Heaters-With revisions through January 1999 1002.1
737-96 Fireplace Stoves-with Revisions through January 2000 805.2,905.1
762-99 Outline of Investigation for Power Ventilators for Restaurant Exhaust Appliances 506.5.1
791-93 Residential Incinerators-with Revisions through May 1998 907.1
834-98 Heating, Water Supply and Power Boilers Electric-with Revisions Through November 1998 1004.1
867-00 Electrostatic Air Cleaners 605.2
896-93 Oil-Burning Stoves-with Revisions through November 1999 917.1,922.1
900-94 Air Filter Units - with revisions through October 1999 605.2
959-01 Medium Heat Appliance Factory-Built Chimneys 805.5
1240-94 Electric Commercial Clothes Drying Equipment-with Revisions through October 1999 913.1
1261-96 Electric Water Heaters for Pools and Tubs - with revisions through November 25, 1998 916.1
1453-95 Electronic Booster and Commercial Storage Tank Water Heaters - with Revisions
Through September 1998 .1 002.1
1482-98 Solid-Fuel Type Room Heaters-with Revisions through January 2000 905.1
1777-98 Chimney Liners-with Revisions through July 1998 801.18.4
REFERENCED STANDARDS
Ul-continued
1820-97 Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and Smoke Characteristics - with Revisions
through March 1999 602.2.1.3
1887-96 Fire Tests of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Visible Flame and Smoke Characteristics-
with Revisions through June 1999 602.2.1.2
1995-98 Heating and Cooling Equipment - with Revisions through August 1999 911.1,918.1,918.3,1101.2
2043-96 Fire Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release for Discrete Products and their
Accessories Installed in Air-Handling Spaces-With Revisions through February 1998 602.2.1.4
2158-97 Outline ofInvestigation Electric Clothes Dryer-with Revisions through February 1999 913.1
2162-94 Outline of Investigation for Commercial Wood-Fired Baking Ovens-Refractory Type 917.1
RESERVED
RESERVED
110 MECHANICAL CODE OF NEW YORK STATE
• 0/3 max.imum - - - -
2" minimum
from top PiPe orJ
and bottom conduit
of joist
0/4 max.imum
at ends
L (span)
L13
o
(Depth)
0/6mailmum
APPENDIX C
> ~ %"min
Boring of bearing studs
to 60% of width
40% of
stud wall
25% of 40% of
stud width stud width
ClEANOUTS
ADM~N~SiJRAT~Otl\n AND Kitchen exhaust 506.3.9, 506.3.10
Masonry chimneys 801 .13
lENFORCEMEl'niJ Chapter 1
CLEARANCES
A~R
Appliance in garages 304.5, 304.6
Combustion Chapter 7
Chimney and vent 801.18.4
Distribution systems Chapter 6
Connectors 803.10.6
Filters 605
Kitchen exhaust 506.3.6, 507.9
Transfer 403.2.2
Reduction 308
Supply Chapter 4
Specific appliances Chapter 9
Ventilation Chapter 4
ClOiJrHES DRYER
AlTlERNA1TVE MA1!ER~Al 103.3
Appliance 913
A~PEAl 103.3 Exhaust 504
Ab9PUANCIES COAlQfBURN~NGAPPUANCES Chapter 9
Access 306
CODE (Q)FF~C~Al 202
Hazardous location 303.2
COlllECTORS~SOLAR 1402.4, 1404.1
Installation Chapters 3, 9
Outdoors 303.6 COMBUSTIBLE UQU~D STORAGE iJANK 1301
APPUCA~~UTY (Q)!F CODE 102 COMBlUJSTIBlES~ REDIUJCED ClEA~AU\lCE 308
APPROVAL 103 COMIBUSTION A~R Chapter 7
ArT~C VIENT~lAT~(Q)N 406 COMMIERC~Al Il{~TCHEN EXHAUST 506
•
AUTOMAT~C lDAMrP'IERS 803.6 Hoods 507
CONDENSA1E D~SPOSAl . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
AUTOMAT~C F~RlE SUPPRIESS~ON~
CONDIENSAiJ~ON
KJlICHlEN IEXHAUlSiJ 509
Ducts 603.12
Piping 1107.3
CON~!HECTORS~ CHIMNEY OR VEN1· . . . 803
~ARBECUlE A~PUANCfES 906 CON1AMINANTS~VENT~lA1r~ONA~fRl . . . 401
BATHROOM VEN1~LAT~ON 402, 403 CONVEYOR SYSTEMS . . 511
BlOW(Q)1F1F VAlVlE~ SlEAM 1008 COOK~NG APPUANCES . . 917
BO~lERS
COOUNG TOWERS. . . . . 908
Approval 1004.1 eOOUINlG WATER P~P~NG . Chapter 12
Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1006 COVE~~NG~ DUCr. . . . . . . . . 604.3
Gauges 1010 CRAWL SPACE ~lENUMS . .. 602
General 1001 CRAWL SPACIE~ VENT~lAT~ON 406
Low-water cutoff 1007 CREMAiJOR~ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
Rooms 1004.6 CUTT~NG~ NOTC1HUNG, raOHFUNG . . . . . . . . . 302
BURNIE~~ CONVlERS~Otl\n 919
(C
[)AM~EIRS
CANOPY [HO(Q)[JiS 507.12,507.13 Chimney or vent 803.5, 803.6
CE~UNG DAMPERS 607 Combustion air 709
CH~lltED WATER ~~!P>~NG Chapter 12 Fire 607
lDIEF~N~l~ONS Chapter 2
CHIMN~YS AND 'VEN1S
Connectors 803 [)ETIEC'fORS~ [»(lJ]Cl 606
Dampers 803.5, 803.6 DRYIER~ClOTHIES
Direct Vents 804.1 Exhaust 504
• Exhausters
Existing
Factory built.
General
Masonry, general.
Vents
804.3
801.18
802,805
801
801
802
General
DUel
Combustion air
Construction
Covering
913
708
603
604.3
•
STANDARDS, REFERENCED ..... 102.8, Chapter 15
OUTDOOR INS1fAllAT~OIT\!J 303.6
OUTS~DE An~9 M~N~MUM 403 STE16\M
Blowoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
Boilers Chapter 10
115
INDEX
Gauge
Piping
1010
Chapters 10, 12
VENTS
Connectors 803
4It
SUBSLAB SOIL EXHAUST SYSTEM 512 Direct. 804
SUPPORTS, DUCT 603.10 Explosion 310
General 802, Chapter 8
SUPPORTS, PIPING 305
Smoke and Heat 311
SUPPRESSION Termination 802
Hazardous exhaust 510.7
VIBRATION CONTROL DEVICES 301.10
Kitchen exhaust. 509
T W
WALL FURNACE 909
TANKS, EXPANSION 1009,1402.5.4
WATER HEATERS 1002
TANKS, FLAMMABLE AND
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Chapter 13 WATER PIPING Chapter 12
TEMPERATURE GAUGE 1010 WIND RESISTANCE 301.12
TEMPERATURE CONTROL. 309.1 WOOD-BURNING APPLIANCES Chapter 9
TEMPERATURE RELIEF, SOLAR 1402.4
TESTS,
Boiler/Pressure Vessel 1011
Fuel Oil Piping 1308
Hydronic piping 1208, 1209.2
Kitchen exhaust 507.16, 507.17
Refrigeration 1108, 1109
THERMAL STORAGE, SOLAR 1404.2
TOILET ROOM VENTILATION 402.1, Table 403.3
TRANSFER FLUID
Hydronic piping 1207
Solar 1403
U
UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS Chapter 13
UNIT HEATER 920
UNSAFE CONDITIONS 108.7
UNVENTED GAS LOG HEATERS 903.3
v
VALVES
Boilers 1005,1008
Fuel oil. 1307
Hydronic 1205
Safety and relief 1006
Stop 1107.7
VAPOR RETARDER 604.11
VENTILATION
Air Chapter 4
Energy Recovery Systems 514
Machinery room 1105, 1106
Mechanical 304.4.2, 403
Natural. 304.4.1,402
Openings 401.5, 401.6
Rate 403.3
Recirculation 403.2.1
Transfer 403.2.2
Uninhabited spaces 406