Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
)
e 1988Balkema, Rotterdam.ISBN9061918278
Jan Bergh-Christensen
E.Str¢mme A/S, Norway
261
CONCRETE PLUG WATER
STEEL PRESSURE
PENSTOCK
1000 M
NYSET -STEGGJEO
900 M
o TJODAN
PENSTOCK PLUG
800 M
~ MEL
700 M ~SILDVIK
~~~ E
.// ~~
I UNLINED <-...- L..-
262
..•.
RlSKALL VA TN
BnOALS-
••• .11
RES£RVOIl VATN
TllAIISF£R TUMIlEl
••
SANDTRAP
PENSTOCK
25 50m
5'01. POWER
STATION
ACCESS
TUNNEL
Fig. 4 Nyset-Steggje Project. Power station layout
Machine (TBM). From the power station created in this area has in some cases
situated in rock, a 2.5 km long tailrace caused deformations and serious leakage
tunnel leads out into the Ardal fjord. problems. At the Nyset-Steggje project,
special care has been taken in the design
and construction to minimize the risk of
£pncrete plug for the penstock such problems.
Layout of the power station area is shown Rock conditions in the sandtrap and plug
in Fig. 4. area are favorable, with a good quality,
sparsely jointed gneiss.
From the unlined sandtrap at the foot of
the pressure shaft, a 140 metre long 1.6 The concrete plug, including the conical
metre diameter steel penstock leads down intake section - has a total length of 55
to the power station. The first 45 metres metres, and was concreted in 6 sections,
of the penstock downstream of the sandtrap as indicated in fig. 5.
is fully concreted to form a massive
concrete plug. Access to the sandtrap is Prior to concreting of the plug, four fans
Possible through a dismountable section of of pregrouting holes (marked A-D on fig.
the penstock downstream of this plug. 5) were drilled and pressure tested at 100
Bar at the upstream section of the penstock.
Experience has shown that the most criti- No leakages were detected, and the holes
cal part of an unlined pressure shaft is were grouted with expanding cement grout.
at the transition from unlined to steel
lined section, i.e. in the plug area. The Contact grouting of the concrete plug was
extremely high pore pressure gradients performed with epoxy grout at a pressure
263
A B GROUT CURTAINS:
A -D PREGROUTING
E - H CONTROL HOLES
SANDTRAP
C 0
E F G H
E F G H
C 0
a, 10, 20m
I
A B Scale
of 100 Bar. For this purpose, a special Steggj e power plant was waterfilled for
type of grouting hoses were mounted before the first time during January 1987. The
and during concreting of the plug at the filling was performed during a period of
interfaces rock/concrete, concrete/ steel 10 days, with stops at different pressure
and at the interfaces between the plug levels to monitor leakage quantities.
sections.
At full pressure of 965 metres head, total
Polyurethane injected through embedded water loss from the 1300 metres long shaft
hoses at the upstream and downstream end into the surrounding rock was of the order
of the plug were used to establish barries of 1,3 litres/second, whereas the recorded
at these sections to prevent grout escape, total leakage through the concrete plug
and then the whole plug was contact was less than 1 litre/second. Considering
grouted with epoxy at high pressure in one the pressure, these leakages are surpris-
operation. ingly low, and without any significance
for the safe operation of the power plant.
As a final check four fans of control
holes (denoted E-H on fig. 5) were drilled During the subsequent months, the leakage
from inside the penstock through the through the plug has diminished to close
concrete and 6 metres into rock. The to zero. This is probably due to the
control holes were epoxy grouted at a clogging effect of redistributed excess
pressure of 100 Bar. carbonate from the concrete.
264
UNLINED PRESSURE TUNNEL
S EEL LINED PENSTOCK
~ __ --" ~-c--~
----'
e-r-r- ~ r-- -r-- .--.....:
~
POWER STATIO
o 10 20m
I ! I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
SAND I I 1
TRAP II I 1
I I STEEL I
I SECTION I
10m
I- -I I
5,ale I
I-
CONCRETE PLUG .1
Fig. 7 Eikelandsosen Power Plant
Plan of the access gate plug
Access to the sa~trsp is through a gate testing at 50 Bar of the rock in the plug
plug in the 20 m transport tunnel used area through fans of 20 m deep drillholes,
for excavation of the pressure tunnel as indicated in Fig. 7.
system. Fig. 6 illustrates the layout of
the plug and sandtrap area. Only minor leakages were detected. These
were treated with cement grouting at
50 Bar.
Plug construction
The concrete plug was concreted in three
As shown in Fig. 7, the plug consists of a sections. After each round, cement
20 m long concrete lining with sSm long grouting was performed at the crown to
steel section accomodating the access fill up any voids at the concrete/rock
gate. The first stage of the construction interface.
work comprised systematic permeability
265
STEEL PENSTOCK
o 10 20m
!
After cooling of the concrete down to The access gate plug showed only insigni-
0
16 C, these hoses were used to perform ficant leakage. less than 0.1 l/sec. Most
first an upstream and downstream sealing of the leakage came through a grouting
with polyurethane, and then a complete pipe immediately downstream of the steel
contact grouting of the concrete plug with section. After sealing of this pipe. no
epoxy at a grouting pressure of 50 Bar. leakage can be detected.
266
LONGITUDINAL SECTION CROSS SECTION
The main construction stages for the plug for water pressure close to 1000 m head.
will be: We are confident that the technology can
be applied at even higher pressures.
Permeability testing, and then pre-
grouting of the rock in the plug area However, the design principles and grout-
with epoxy grout at 80 Bar. ing technology involved will be of benefit
also for plugs at lower water pressures.
Installation of the access steel It will ensure an efficient and complete
liner. sealing treatment of the plug, thus
avoiding the costly, time consuming and
Concreting of the plug in three sometimes ineffective remedial grouting
consecutive sections, with supplement- works often experienced with traditional
ary cement grouting of the crown area, plug constructions.
and installation of grouting hoses for
contact grouting. Key elements for the successful applica-
tion of this new technology are:
Contact grouting of the plug with
epoxy at 80 Bar. close cooperation between designer and
contractor
Drilling of 3 fans of control holes
from inside the steel lined access first class craftmanship in concreting
gallery. The holes are drilled and grouting operations
through the concrete into rock, and
grouted with epoxy at a pressure of 80 professional proj ect coordination and
Bar. strict quality control during all
stages of the design, construction and
The access plug at Mel power plant will be commissioning of the plug.
completed and put in operation during the
fall of 1988. Pressure gages will be In addition to hydropower plants, the
installed in the plug and the adjoining developed technology may also be adapted
rock to closely monitor loads and pore to other projects with extreme demands for
pressure build up during the first water effective fluid or gas containment such as
filling of the tunnel system. rock storages for natural gas and radio-
active waste repositories.
267
REFERENCES
268