Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Continuous Assessment 2
Portfolio of Calculations
0.15 x 20 = 𝐹𝑓
𝐹𝑓 = 3𝑚2
2. Luminous Flux Formula
F = I x 4π
Luminous flux (lm) = Intensity of source (cd) x 4π
I = 79.577 cd
I = 80 cd
4. Illuminance Formula
𝐹
E=
𝐴
E = Illuminance of surface (Lux)
F = Luminous flux (lumen)
A = Area (𝑚2 )
5. Illumination Formula
𝐼
E=
𝑑2
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑐𝑑)
Illumination (Ix) =
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑚)2
E = 177.77Ix E = 44.44lx
6. Daylight Factor Formula
𝐸
DF = ( 𝐼 ) x 100% Daylight Factor = (
𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
) x 100%
𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
DF = 0.0647 x 100%
DF = 6.5%
Heat Calculations
7. Thermal Resistivity/Conductivity Formula
Thermal Conductivity is a
measure of the rate at which
heat is conducted through a
material under very specific
conditions.
r = 1.298 m°K/w
k = 0.46 W/mk
R = 0.08125 m²°c/W
Thermal Resistance – Worked Example 3
Question
The external render of the same wall mentioned above has a resistance of
0.03472 m²°c/W, the internal surface has resistance of 0.122 and the external
surface has resistance of 0.048. Find the total resistance of the wall using all
elements.
Solution
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 +𝑅2 + 𝑅3 +𝑅4 + 𝑅5
𝑅𝑇 = 0.26775 + 0.08125 + 0.03472 + 0.122 + 0.048
𝑅𝑇 = 0.55372 m²°c/W
9. U-value Formula
1 1
U= U-value (W/𝑚2 𝐾) =
𝑅𝑇 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑚²°𝑐/𝑊)
U = 1.806 W/𝑚2 𝐾
U = 1.8 W/𝑚2 𝐾 (This does not comply with the 2011 regulations displayed below)
The first value is calculated by treating each heat flow path separately, as seen
below.
1
𝑅𝑈 = 𝐹 𝐹
[( 1 )+( 2 )]
𝑅1 𝑅2
1
𝑅𝑈 = 0.875 0.125
[( 6.87 )+( 1.78 )]
1
𝑅𝑈 =
0.197
𝑅𝑈 = 5.08
Next, we need to find the lower resistance.
1
𝑅𝑏 = 𝐹 𝐹
[( 1 )+( 𝑠 )]
𝑅1 𝑅𝑠
1
𝑅𝑏 = 0.875 0.125
[( 6.25 )+(1.153)]
1
𝑅𝑏 =
0.248
𝑅𝑏 = 4.03
We must now get the total resistance including this figure for insulation and
studs combined.
Element Resistance
External Surface 0.53
Brick 0.129
Cavity 0.176
Ply Sheathing 0.092
Bridge Section 6.25
Plasterboard 0.052
Internal Surface 0.123
Total 4.62
Now that we have our upper and lower resistance values we can put them into
the 𝑅𝑇 formula.
𝑅𝑈 +𝑅𝑙
𝑅𝑇 =
2
5.08+4.62
𝑅𝑇 =
2
𝑅𝑇 = 4.88 𝑚2 K/W
1
U=
4.88
U = 0.205W/𝑚2 𝑘
As this U-value is less than the maximum acceptable U-value of 0.21W/𝑚2 𝑘.
It does comply with the 2011 regulations.
11. Rate of heat loss formula
Rate of heat loss = T x 𝑇𝑑 x A
RHL (W) = Thermal transmittance (U-value) x Difference in temp x Area
Sound Calculations
13. Measurement of Sound
Sound Power (P)(Watt): Rate at which sound energy is produced at the source.
Sound Intensity (I)(W/𝑴𝟐 ): Rate at which sound is received over a given
surface.
𝑃
I=
4𝜋𝑟 2
Sound Pressure (p)(Pascal): Average variation in atmosphere caused by the
sound.
T = 3.25 seconds.
Electricity Calculations
16. Wattage Calculation
P=IxV Watts (W) = Voltage (V) x Current (Amps)
References
Mr. Des Kelly’s lecture slides.
Get Constructive Leaving Certificate Book
Trevor Hickey Construction Studies Today
Educate.ie
Google.ie
Pinterest