Sustainable Energy HW II -2017

Rafi Irzani – Teknik Kimia – 1406531605

HW 1 - Solar Energy
Design a solar photovoltaic system for a home in Depok that uses, on average, 1400 AC
kWh/year. You want a system that is large enough to meet the annual needs of the home.
Assume:
a. 10 kWh/m2/day
b. Use the Sanyo HIP-200 module efficiency
c. 77% derate factor
Hint: Along the way you’ll need to determine out how many m2 of solar modules you’ll
need, then determine how many full modules you’ll need (you can’t use a fraction of a
module) Details on the Sanyo HIP-200 solar panel can be found at
http://www.sanyo.com/industrial/solar/index.cfm?productID=1232

HW 2 – Wind Energy
If the horizontal wind turbine has blades that are 10 meters long and the average wind speed
is 10 m/s, how much energy is produced by the wind turbine? Use the equation provided
below and assume that the efficiency is 50%, the power coefficient is 0.4, and that the air
density can be estimated using the ideal gas law with an average temperature of 25 oC.
P = Cp η ½ ρV3 A, where Cp = the turbine’s power coefficient, η = mechanical and electrical
efficiencies, A = the area swept out by the turbine blades, and ρ = the density of the air passing
over the turbine blades (assume an ideal gas).

HW 3 – Hydropower
a) A hydropower plant consists of 4 turbines each with 160MW capacity, and runs with a
mean head of approximately H=450 m. Assuming that the efficiency of the turbines are 90%,
find the maximum flow rate through the turbines.
b) The above hydropower plant has two of the turbines that can be reversed and pump the
water from the low to the high water reservoir. It is used for seasonal storage, and the high
reservoir has a capacity of 3×109 m3 of water. Use the numbers given in (a), and find how
many days of stored energy this corresponds to when the electricity consumption is 120 TWh
per year.

HW 4 - OTEC
Ocean temperature energy conversion (OTEC) power plants generate power by utilizing the
naturally occurring decrease with depth of the temperature of ocean water. Near Jawa, the
ocean surface temperature is 28 C while at a depth of 700 m the temperature is 7 C.
Determine the maximum thermal efficiency for any power plant at these temperatures.
HW 1 – Solar Energi
Diketahui:
 Rumah menggunakan 1400 AC kWh/year
 Energi digenerasikan PV: 10kWh/m2/day
 Menggunakan efisiensi module Sanyo HIP-200 (17.2%)
 Faktor derate 77%
 Luas per module: 1.319 m x 0.8 m = 1.0552 m2
Ditanyakan:
 Jumlah area sel surya yang dibutuhkan
 Jumlah sel surya yang dibutuhkan
Jawab:
Konversi kebutuhan energi menjadi per hari:
𝑘𝑊ℎ 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝒌𝑾𝒉
1400 × = 𝟑, 𝟖𝟒
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝒅𝒂𝒚
Kebutuhan aliran DC dari kebutuhan aliran AC
𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑘𝑊ℎ
3,84 3,84 𝒌𝑾𝒉
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦
= = 𝟒, 𝟗𝟗
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 0,77 𝒅𝒂𝒚
Luas total panel:
𝑘𝑊ℎ
4,99
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝐴= = 𝟐, 𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝟐
𝑘𝑊ℎ
10 × 0,172
𝑑𝑎𝑦. 𝑚2
Jumlah modul yang dibutuhkan:
𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑢ℎ𝑘𝑎𝑛 2.89 𝑚2
𝑛= = = 2.49 ≈ 𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍
𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙 1.16 m2
HW 2 – Wind Energi
Diketahui:
 Diameter blade turbin = 10 m
 Kecepatan rata-rata angin = 10 m/s
 Efisiensi (η ) = 50%
 Koefisien daya (Cp) = 0.4
 Temperatur udara rata-rata = 25oC = 298 K
Ditanyakan:
 Energi yang diproduksi oleh turbin udara
Jawab:
Densitas udara:
Asumsikan tekanan udara 1 atm dan berat molekul udara 28.96 g/mol ≈ 29 g/mol
𝑃. 𝑉 = 𝑛. 𝑅. 𝑇
𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑃
𝜌= = 𝑀𝑟.
𝑉 𝑅𝑇
𝑔 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝜌 = 29 ∗ = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟎𝟓 𝒈/𝑳
𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.08205 𝐿 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 𝐾 −1 ∗ 298 𝐾
Energi yang diproduksi:
𝑃 = 𝐶𝑝. η. ½. ρ. v 3 . A
2
1 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 3 1
𝑃 = 0.4 𝑥 0.5 𝑥 𝑥 1.18605 3 𝑥 (10 ) 𝑥 (𝜋 𝑥 ( 𝑥 10 𝑚) )
2 𝑚 𝑠 2
𝑱𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆
𝑃 = 𝟗, 𝟑𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟏𝟒𝟗 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑴𝑾𝒉
𝑃 = 9.32 𝑘𝑊 𝑥 24 𝑥 365 = 81,643.2 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟑
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓
HW 3 – Hydropower
Diketahui:
 Pembangkit tenaga air dengan 4 turbin kapasitas 160 MW
 Head rata-rata = 450 m
 Efisiensi turbin = 90%
 Kapasitas high reservoir = 3.109 m3 air
 Konsumsi listrik = 120 TWh/tahun = 0.3287 ≈ 0.329 TWh/hari
Ditanyakan:
 Laju alir maksimum air yang melewati turbin
 Jumlah hari yang tersimpan dari energi
Jawab:
Laju alir turbin maksimal (asumsi tidak ada recovery dari flowing head):
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡) = 9.81 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 𝑍 𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 𝜀
640 𝑀𝑊 = 9.81 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 450 𝑚 𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 0.9
𝑄 = 161.085 𝑚3 /𝑠
Jumlah energi tersimpan:
Dengan asumsi faktor kapasitas sebesar 60%,
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑀𝑊ℎ) = 9.81 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 𝑍 𝑥 𝑄 𝑥 𝜀 𝑥 365 𝑥 24 𝑥 𝐶𝐹
 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑀𝑊ℎ) =
𝑚3
= 9.81 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 450 𝑚 𝑥 161.085 𝑥 0.9 𝑥 365 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑥 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑥 0.6
𝑠
= 3,363,833.472 MWh/tahun = 3,363.83 TWh/tahun = 9.216 TWh per hari
Air untuk produksi energi per hari:
𝑚3
161.085 𝑥 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑥 3600 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝑥 0.6 = 𝟖, 𝟑𝟓𝟎, 𝟔𝟒𝟔. 𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝑠
Energi listrik yang dapat ditampung reservoir:
3 x 109 m3
= 359.254
8,350,646.4 m3
𝑃 = 359.254 𝑥 9.216 𝑇𝑊ℎ = 𝟑, 𝟑𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟏 𝑻𝑾𝒉
HW 4 – OTEC
Diketahui:
 Suhu permukaan laut = 28 oC
 Suhu pada kedalaman 700 m dibawah permukaan laut = 7 oC
Ditanya:
 Efisiensi termal maksimum
Jawab:
Efisiensi termal maksimum:
(28𝑜 𝐶 + 273) − (7𝑜 𝐶 + 273)
= 0.069 = 6.9% ≈ 𝟕%
(28𝑜 𝐶 + 273)