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For any biography writer there will be a long involved journey through libraries, websites and official documents before even being able
to write a first draft of the biography. So when the book is finally finished there will be a few last pages demanding to be written. The
bibliography.

A bibliography is a list of all of the works and references used to create the essay, article or book at hand. There are many ways to write
a bibliography and different publishers may prefer different styles but this is a good standard way to write a bibliography for the final
draft of a book unless your publisher or agent requests otherwise.

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All of the sources you used in your research should be listed in the bibliography. Write the list alphabetically by author surname. The
bibliography may include;

O Books
O Newspapers
O Magazines
O Journals
O Reference works
O Interviews
O Online resources



   
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When writing a biography a great depth of research will be needed, even if the writer is writing about someone they know or knew.

In addition to primary evidence such as birth and death certificates, private diaries and unpublished interviews, writer will almost always
need to take information from, use as a reference and maybe quote from the work of others.

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Books will be used in most biography research. They may take the form of previous biographies or autobiographies of the subject,
works written by them or works critiquing them or their work. In addition everyone is a result of their times so research may include
reading books about the period the subject was alive or the political, military, social or cultural events they were involved in.

To reference a book use the following style;

Books: Writer last name [comma] Writer first name [period] Full title of work (underlined)[period] City or country where the work was
published [colon] Name of publisher [comma], Date of publication [period]

   


In many cases periodicals, newspapers, journals or magazines may be used for research. This will be particularly true in the case of
anyone who would elicit media attention such as a political figure or celebrity or anyone who would have written reference works
themselves which may be published in journals.

To reference an article use the following style;

Articles from Periodicals/ Newspapers/ Journals/ Magazines: Writer last name [comma] Writer first name [period] [quotation mark]
Article title [quotation mark][period] Name of journal/ periodical/ magazine and date of publication (all underlined)[colon] Page numbers
[period]
      

In today's cyberspace world more and more official documents are becoming available online. It is also increasingly acceptable to use
the article based websites for research in addition to official home pages of celebrities and news service websites. The majority of
writers will use the internet for research to some degree so here is how to reference it in a bibliography;

Internet Resources: Writer last name [comma] Writer first name [period] [quotation mark] Title of piece or article if possible [quotation
mark][comma] Title of website (but not the URL)[period] Name and location of the company/ organisation/ website owner (look in the
³Contact Us´ section on the website for this information)[period] Date the source was accessed or printed followed by the full URL in
brackets [period]

So do not shy away from writing a bibliography out of fear that it looks like to much of other people's work has been used in reference.
A good bibliography actually creates the opposite effect as it shows the world at large quite how much research has gone into creating
the biography and establishes it as a credible work.

    


 


Write a list of references for an essay from the information given below.

O We don't know who wrote this newspaper article. It was in the Guardian newspaper on Saturday November 6th this year. The
title is: Divorced couple fight for frozen embryos. It is on page 18.
O Someone called Andy Gillett wrote this web page, which is very useful, and he works at the University of Hertfordshire. It was
published on May 6th this year. The title is: Using English for Academic purposes. The URL is http://www.uefap.com/ and I
copied some information from it for this exercise on Sunday November 7th at 11.00 at night.
O This was published in 1991 in Oxford and is a book by Professor John Sinclair. The tritle of the book is: Corpus, concordance
and collocation and the publisher was Oxford University press.
O This small book is called: learning purpose and language use. It was written by Henry George Widdowson and published in
1983. Like all his books it was published in Oxford by Oxford University Press.
O This newspaper article was written by Jane Martinson in New York. The title of the article is: Microsoft faces defining moment,
and it was in the Guardian on page 10 on Saturday November 6th, 1999.
O This book, like many dictionaries, does not say who wrote it. The title is: Collins COBUILD English language dictionary and it
was published in 1987 by HarperCollins in London.
O An article in the journal: Applied linguistics. It was written in 1985 by E Bialystock and M Sharwood-Smith. The title of the
article is: Interlanguage is not a state of mind: An evaluation of the construct for second-language acquisition. It was published
in volume 6 and it is from page 101 to page 117.
O An article in a collection of articles edited by John Lyons. The title of the article is: the study of language acquisition, and it was
written by Robin Campbell and Roger Wales. It was on pages 242 to 260. The book of articles was called: new horizons in
linguistics and it was published in 1970 by Penguin in London.
O An article by Robert Cooper called: What do we learn when we learn a language? It was published in 1970 in the journal
TESOL Quarterly. It is on pages 303-314 in volume 4.
O A very important book written in 1965 byW F Mackey. It was called: Language teaching analysis. It was published in London
by Longman.
O A book written by Noam Chomsky, who was professor of linguistics at MIT in Cambridge Massachusetts. It was written in 1965
and the title of the book is: Aspects of the theory of syntax. It was published by his own university.
O A book by Lyle Bachman and Adrian Palmer written in 1996. The title is: Language testing in practice. It is published by Oxford
University Press in Oxford.

Press this button to check your answers:

   
 
!
 


Bachman, L. F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). |
 



. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bialystock, E. & Sharwood-Smith, M. (1985). Interlanguage is not a state of mind: An evaluation of the construct for second-language
acquisition.  |
101-117.

Campbell, R. & Wales, R. (1970). The study of language acquisition. In J. Lyons (Ed.), New horizons in linguistics (pp. 242-260).
London: Penguin.

Chomsky, N. (1965).  


 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Ñ
|
 
 

. (1991). London: HarperCollins.

Cooper, R. L. (1970). What do we learn when we learn a language?  |


, 303-314.

th
Divorced couple fight for frozen embryos. (1999, November 6 ) 

, p. 18.

Gillett, A. (2005, May 6th

 

   
. Retrieved November 7th, 2005 from World Wide Web:
http://www.uefap.com/

Mackey, W. F. (1965). |
  

. London: Longman.

th
Martinson, J. (1999, November 6 ). Micosoft faces defining moment. 

, p. 10.

Sinclair, J. (1991).Ñ




  
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Widdowson, H. G. (1983). |


 


 Oxford: Oxford University Press.