09

Compressors

09.01 09.02 09.03 09.04 09.05 09.06

Fans and Compressors Parts and

Dynamic Volumetric Expanders
Blowers Seals Spare Parts
09.05.01G 09.06.01G
Fans
(Pressure Ratio Turboexpanders Dry Gas Seals Compressor
Axial Centrifugal Reciprocating Rotary Valves
Compressors Compressors Compressors Compressors <1.1)
09.03.01G 09.04.01G 09.05.02G 09.06.02G
09.01.01G 09.02.07G
Centrifugal Fans For Cryogenic Other for
Integrally Geared Mechanical Oil Centrifugal
For Air (General API Units for (API 673) Applications Seals
Centrifugal Piston type Compressors
Purpose) Process
Compressors 09.03.02G 09.04.02G
09.05.03G 09.06.03G
09.01.02G 09.01.03G 09.02.01G
Manufacturer Other for
Screw Air For Hot Gasses Labyrinth type
Main API For Process
(Special Purpose) API 617 Units API 618 Units Compressor
Standard Seals
Reciprocating
Compressors
International 09.02.02G 09.02.08G
09.03.03G
09.06.04G
General Services Other for Rotary
Standards API 672 Units
High Pressure
Polyethylene Plants Oil-free (Dry) Axial Fans and Screw
Expander- Compressors
applicable to (Hyper Compressors)
09.02.09G
Generators
09.01.04G
Categories General Purpose
09.02.03G
09.04.03G
Centrifugal Air Oil-injected (Wet) Blowers
Others For Cryogenic
Compressor Packages (Pressure Ratio
09.01.05G >1.1) Applications
API 617 09.02.04G
09.02.10G
09.03.04G
Others Diaphragm Manufacturer 09.04.04G

Compressors Standard Centrifugal and

For Hot Gasses
09.01.06G Roots
API 618 Manufacturer
09.02.05G 09.02.11G
09.03.05G
Standard Labyrinth
Compressors Sliding Vane
Other Blowers
API 619 09.02.06G
Between Bearings Air Compressor
Centrifugal Packages for General Lobe
Purpose (API 11P) Compressors
Compressors
API 672 09.01.07G
09.02.12G

Barrel Type Straight

API 673 09.01.08G

09.02.13G

Axial Split Helical

API 11P
09.01.09G 09.02.14G

Liquid Ring
Isotherm Compressors
09.01.10G
09.02.15G
Pipeline
Boosters Scroll
Compressors
09.01.11G
Jet / Thermal
and Other
Compressors

Rev. 05
April 2016
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 Compressors are machines that increase the pressure (“compress”) of a gas, reducing its volume. They have for
gases the same function that pumps have for liquids.

Compressors Compressors have four main applications: general service, refrigeration, oil and gas production and transportation,
gas processing.
The compressors market is very mature, and its competition is very concentrated, in particular as far as centrifugal
compressors are concerned.

MAIN RATIONALES BEHIND THE STANDARD CATEGORIZATION

Dynamic Compressors Volumetric Compressors Expanders

• The choice of the “Dynamic” family name was made to be “parallel”
between pumps and compressors, to reflect the parallelism that
occurs between these two product Groups - as a matter of fact they
are often under the responsibility of the same Rotating Equipment
Procurement or Engineering departments in the Buyers’
organizations.
• In Axial Compressors the air flows parallel to the rotating axis.
Typically the main compressor producers (MAN, Dresser Rand, …)
can also deliver both this type of compressors and centrifugal
compressors, while smaller players are more focused.
• Inside Integrally Geared Compressors, both API 617 and API 672 are
standards for compressors for the petroleum, chemical, and gas
industries, however, API 672 focuses on packaged compressors.
• Between Bearings Compressors are divided into Axial Split
(sometimes called axially split or horizontally split) and Barrel Type
(sometimes called radially split), which are differentiated based on
the type of casing.
• Isotherm (or isothermal) Centrifugal Compressors are often used for
air or oxygen applications, but can also be used in petrochemical
plants. They are specific machines able to compress a gas without
changing its temperature, and are delivered by a few players.
• Pipeline Boosters are used to ensure that the gas that travels in a
pipeline remains pressurized. Compressor stations have specific
requirements of efficiency and reliability, therefore the producers
make dedicated product lines for these compressor types, which are
not delivered by all players.
• Subsea compressors require a very specific technology: the first one
was installed in September 2015 in a Statoil Field (Åsgard) – in this
Standard Categorization they are comprised under Group 20
(“Subsea Equipment”)
• Despite being a type of ejector, Jet Compressors have been
classified under this family due to their function of using a high-
pressure gas to increase the pressure of another lower pressure gas
(by mixing the two and discharging at an in-between pressure).
• The choice of the “Volumetric” family name was made to be
“parallel” between pumps and compressors.
• Reciprocating Compressors were divided intro three main categories
/ nodes:
o Piston Compressors:
– API 618 is the most relevant standard for Piston Compressors;
– Hyper Compressors are high pressure piston compressors for
low density polyethylene (LDPE) plants.
o Diaphragm Compressors: similar to piston, but the gas is
compressed by a flexible membrane and they are produced by
different players;
o Labyrinth Type (or labyrinth piston) Compressors: piston
compressors with a labyrinth sealing system.
• Rotary Compressors divided intro five main categories / nodes,
which define the competition:
o Screw Air Compressors, Sliding Vane Compressors, Lobe
Compressors, Liquid Ring Compressors, and Scroll Compressors.
Fans and Blowers
• The differentiation between Fans and Blowers lies in the pressure
ratio, which is up to 1.1 for Fans and greater than 1.1 for blowers.
This definition is commonly accepted in the market (for example,
they are defined in this way by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers – ASME).
• Within Fans, the most relevant API standard (API 673) was
differentiated, as well as Axial Fans (their manufacturers tend to be
different from those of centrifugal fans).
• Expanders are used to expand a pressure gas and may use the
energy produced to drive a generator or a compressor (which may in
other cases be absorbed through a “braking liquid”).
o Not all players can deliver both expander-generators and the
other types of expanders and, within each of these nodes, not all
expanders work at any temperature.
Compressor Seals
• The rotating shaft of centrifugal compressors needs seals to prevent
gas leakages where the shaft exits the compressor casing.
Compressor Seals are divided into three sub-categories:
o Mechanical Oil Seals: also called “Wet Seals”, they work through
the principle of a barrier fluid (oil forced into the seal at a higher
pressure than the process gas);
o Dry Gas Seals: non-contacting seals, typically used in harsher
environments;
o Labyrinth type Seals: prevent leakage through a tortuous path.
• The technologies used to produce these seals are different from
each other, and this defines the competition.
Parts and Spare Parts
• As for Pumps, parts and spare parts for new Compressors are often
supplied by the original vendor, but they may in some cases be
supplied by specialized actors that focus on spare parts and
maintenance. They were therefore detailed in specific categories.
• Specialized Vendors supply Valves for Compressors, which have
been separated in a specific Category.

Rev. 05
April 2016
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