Summary Garnierite Nickel Ores – Methods for Sampling, Sample Preparation and Determination of Moisture Content

JIS M – 8109 – 1996

Japanese Industrial Standard
No. Section Remarks
1. Scope This Japanese Industrial Standard Specification the following methods for this purpose of determination of average grade and moisture contents of lot of Garnierite nickel ore.
1. Method of taking the sample
2. Method of sample preparation for moisture test sample and quality sample
3. Method of measuring of moisture content
4. Method of determination of the moisture content and dry mass of the lot
2. Definition of Terms 1. Lot
A quantity of ore agreed upon between the parties concerned for the purpose of determining the average of the ore. The quantity of ore constituting a lot is called the size of
the lot.
2. Sub-lot
The average of the ore consisting of part of lot as divided, when required, into appropriate quantities.
3. Increment
A quantities of ore taken by a sampling device, as a rule in a single motion, from lot or sub-lot. A unit quantity of ore taken from a sample by the increment reducing method
also call an increment. The weight of increment is called the size of increment.
4. Partial Sample
The sample collecting on some increments, when required, after preparation of each increment is taken is called partial sample.
5. Belt Sampling
When the lot is being moved by a belt conveyor the increment shall be taken from a surface of belt and from discharged outlet of conveyor.
6. Truck Sampling
When the lot is being handled by truck or wagon. Increment shall be taken from inside of truck or wagon.
7. Hatch Sampling
Increment shall be taken from inside handling implements when the lot is being handled by such implements as grabs, buckets, sling nets, or freshly exposed surface of the
ore in a lighter.
8. Composition Sample
The general term of samples taken from lot or sub-lot for the purpose of determining the average grade of composition. A sample taken from prepared sample of a
composition analysis sample.
9. Moisture Sample
A general term of samples taken from a lot or sub-lot for the purpose of determining the average moisture content. A sample taken for determining moisture content, prepared
by crushing and reduction, and subject to measurement is called a moisture measurement sample.
10. Split-Use Sample
The split-use a sample signifies that the sample is divided into parts and employed for the measurement of two or more characteristics.

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 11. Multiple-Use Sample
The multiple-use a sample signifies that the entire sample is employed in determination of one characteristic, and thereafter, the same sample in the entirely or part is
employed for the determination of another characteristic.
12. Maximum Particle Size
The size of the mesh of a sieve corresponding to a sieve having a 5 % oversize residual factor for the sample.
3. Summary of Sampling and A Summary of Sampling and Sample Preparation are as follow (Fig 1)
Preparation

P. Sample : Partial Sample

A. Sample : Composition Sample
M. Sample : Moisture Sample

1. The size of lot shall be decided thereafter meet the size of lot number of sub-lot shall be decided.
2. The meet of maximum particle size and the quality variation of characteristic shall be decided on method of sampling and number of increment.
3. Be taken, thereafter increments be collected and to be partial sample.
4. This partial sample are crushed, reduced then shall be made composition analysis sample and moisture measurement sample.
4. The Handling of Samples Attention shall be paid to prevent change in quality or loss of the sample and foreign material substances mixing with the sample due to samples handling.
1. Sample containers
Container to be employed should be clean and strong, and shall be capable of being closed or sealed. Container for moisture sample shall be airtight and made of non-
hygroscopic material, and also the interior of the container shall not be corroded.
2. Packing and marking of prepared composition analysis sample
The prepared samples shall be sealed in container and the package shall, as a rule, be following items:
(a) Name of Commodity (Brand)

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 (b) Name of the lot and size
(c) Number of sub-lot
(d) Date of sampling and preparation
(e) Name of factory of sampling and preparation
(f) Name of in charge of sample preparation
(g) Other necessary information
3. Storing of Samples
When storing samples, to prevent any change in quality, sample shall be sealed in a container and attention paid to the place of stage to exclude any effect of temperature,
direct sunlight and moisture.
5. Increment 1. Size of increment
Size of increment shall be the mass specified in Table 5 according to the maximum particle size of increment.

2. Increment sampling scoop

As a rule, increment sampling scoops of the dimensions specified in Table 5 shall be used, according to maximum particle size of the lot.

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 3. Mechanical sampling device
(a) Installation of equipment
The mechanical sampler shall be installed at point where the entire quantity of a lot shall pass when lot is moved
(b) Sampler
The opening of sampler shall be of dimensional size 3 or more time the maximum particle size of a lot, capable of easily taking particles of the maximum particle size of a
lot. Furthermore, the sampler shall be of a structure preventing overflowing of the sample from container, and clogging of the chute
4. Method of taking increment
Use the sampling device (Table 5).
(a) Take the increment at random by one working action so that the size of increment shall become uniform.
(b) Take the increment from the lot during handling.
(c) Do not change the sampling interval during sampling work of one lot.
(d) The increment shall be continuously taken at the specified interval as long as the material handling of lot is carried out continuously.
6. Method of taking sample 1. Belt Sampling
(a) Place for taking increments
The increment shall be taken from the specified place on the belt or its chute.
(b) Number of increment
The minimum required number of increment taken from one lot should be determined in accordance with Table 6.

L : Large, M : Medium, S : Small

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 (c) Method of taking increments
Stop belt conveyor, take the increment of quantity of not less than the specified size at the specified place of conveyor, take the whole quantity along the moving direction of belt
conveyor.
2. Truck Sampling
(a) Place for taking increments
Place for taking the increment from the truck and freight car under a lot handling.
(b) The number of drawn truck on minimum required increment
The first stage, the number of truck shall be drawn from Table 7. The second stage, two increments shall be taken from each drawn truck.

(c) Method of taking increments

The interval of extracted trucks for taking increment shall be determined by dividing the size of lot with number of required truck. For taking increments from inside of truck, the
place of sampling shall be selected at random and the increments shall be taken from surface of the cargo freshly exposed by handling. When the increment is taken from surface

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 of the cargo, when it is loaded on the truck, it shall be confirmed by check experiments that the increment is free from bias.

3. Hatch Sampling
(a) Place for taking increments
Increments shall be taken from inside handling implements when the lot is being handled by such implements as grabs, buckets, sling net etc. Increments also shall be taken after
transferring the ore of the implement to the flat place.
(b) Number of increment taking
The minimum required number of increments to be taken from one lot should be as specified in Table 6.
(c) Method of taking increments
The place of taking increments shall be determined by random from inside of hatch. The sampling interval of increments shall be determined by dividing the size of lot with the
number of required increments.
7. Method of Sample 1. The sample preparation
Preparation (a) Sample shall be prepared by crushing and reducing partial sample as they are.
(b) For composition samples, when necessary further drying shall be performed if the sample is more wet and difficult to screen, crush or divide. Samples may be dried in an
oven at temperature 100 oC to extent will not impede the use of crusher.
(c) For moisture content samples shall be prepared by further dividing partial-sample into small quantities, and subjecting to increment reduction per sample taken from each of
these small quantities.
(d) Crushing of sample.
Select the crusher having the type and capacity suited for the particle size of sample to be ground, particle size of sample after crushing and physical properties of sample. The
inside of crusher shall be cleaned before the sample supplied.
(e) The reduction of sample shall be applied proper reduction method
2. The reduction of sample
(a) Increment reduction method
The size of shovel for increment reduction and thickness of the spread sample shall be as given in Table 9 according to particle size of the sample.

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When manually performing increment reduction of small sample, Fig 1 Method shall be followed below.

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 (b) Method of coning and quartering
The method shall be followed as below Fig. 2.

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 (c) Method using of Reducer
This method has adequate accuracy and it is free from bias. The reducer shall be cleaned enough. The relationship between the particle size for total passage of sample and the
weight of the sample after reduction shall be given in table 11, below.

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(d) Method using riffle sampler
According to particle size of the sample, a riffle sampler type shown in Table 10 below.

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An example of the structure and dimensions of various types of riffle samplers is shown in Fig 3 below.

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8. Preapartion of Samples for 1. Partial samples shall be crushed finely to 150 m or less and mixed well. From this the required number of 100 g or more in weight samples shall be prepared,
Composition employing the increment reduction method or a reducer.
2. Composition sample shall be prepared four samples for shipper, buyer, umpire and reserve.
3. The above sample placed in a specified paper bag and sealed.
9. Method of Determination 1. One moisture measurement sample of 1 to 5 kg shall be prepared by increment reduction method from partial samples for moisture content made by further subdividing the
of Moisture content sub lot and crushing separately to 22.4 mm or less.
2. Small samples for moisture content shall be reduced by increment reduction method.
3. Apparatus
(a) Drying container shall be such that thickness of the sample should be 30 mm or less
(b) Dryer shall be capable of maintaining the drying temperature of the sample at 1055 oC.
(c) Scales shall have a reciprocal sensitivity of 1 five-thousandth or less of samples weight
4. Operation
(a) The 1 to 5 kg moisture measurement sample is transferred to a drying container of known mass (W 1) with the sample spread to uniform thickness, and gross mass
(W2) is measured
(b) The sample and container shall be placed in a dryer, regulated to 1055 oC beforehand, and the sample dried
(c) After drying for certain period the mass shall be measured immediately, thereafter the sample shall be removed from the dryer after every 2 hours and the mass
measured immediately
(d) Drying shall be continued until the loss of weight due to drying becomes 0.1% or less per 2 hours period.
(e) When drying is finished, the gross mass (W3) shall be measured immediately.
(f) The moisture content shall be calculated from the following equation, and shall be rounded off two decimal places.
W2  W3
Moisture (%)  x100
W2  W1
(g) Method of determining the dry mass
 moistureco ntent (%) 
Dry mass of sub-lot (t) mass  weightofsublot  1  
 100 

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