SCHAUENBURG

VENTILATION

Designing a Mine Auxiliary

Ventilation System
SCHAUENBURG
VENTILATION

Auxiliary Ventilation
Purpose

Auxiliary ventilation is designed to provide adequate ventilation to a dead-end

entry or tunnel, to remove or dilute hazardous gasses or dust, and to provide
sufficient and clean air for individuals and equipment to work efficiently.

Considerations:

Quantity Air velocity in the entry or tunnel

of air required Air quantity for diesel equipment
Air quantity for people
Air quantity to dilute or remove gasses and dust
Air quantity for cooling or other needs

Physical Head room over haulage or material transport equipment

constraints Length of duct
Handling and hanging problems
Potential for damage from blasting and other activities

Other Duct and fans must be sized to ensure that the fans
considerations are not working in a stall (i.e., the fan is attempting to
move more air than the duct will allow)
A larger duct allows for a more efficient and lower
horsepower system
Legal and contract requirements for fans and duct
Preferred direction of airflow - suction or blowing
Most leakage occurs at the joints and longer lengths have
significantly less leakage
 Flexible forced duct friction loss chart
(Layflat duct)
m
m mm mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm mm mm mm 0m
0m 250 300 35 40 45 50 600 760 00 ,05
20 ” ” ” ” ” ” 24
” ” ” 9 ” 1
8” 10 12 14 16 18 20 30 36 42 mm
10.00” ,200
2.5kPa ”1
8.00” 48

6.00”
5.00”
1.25kPa
4.00”
m
0m
3.00” 1,50
”
60
Static Pressure (ins. water gauge per 100’ duct)

2.00”

m
0m
1,80
”
72
1.00”
.25kPa
.80”
mm
.60” ,100
”2
.50” 84
0.13kPa
.40”
m
.30” 0m
2,40
”
96

.20”

.10”
.025kPa Duct Diameter
.08”

.06”
.05”
0.013kPa
.04”

.03”

.02”

• • • • • • • •
1,000 cfm 2,000 cfm 5,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 20,000 cfm 50,000 cfm 100,000 cfm 200,000 cfm
.47m3/sec. .94 m3/sec. 2.36m3/sec 4.72m3/sec. 9.44 m3/sec. 2.36 m3/sec. 47.2m3/sec. 94.4m3/sec.

Air Quantity
SCHAUENBURG
VENTILATION

Flexible suction duct friction loss chart

(Spiral duct)
m m m m m m m mm m m m m m m mm 0 mm
0m 50m 00 m 50 m 00 m 50 m 00 m 550 600 m 50 m 60 m 50 m00 m 75 m
,050 ,20
20 ”2 ”3 ”3 ” 4 8” 4 0” 5 22” 4” ” 6 ” 7 ” 8 ” 9 ” 9 1 8” 1
8” 10 12 14 16 1 2 2 28 30 34 36 39 42” 4
10.00”
2.5kPa m
0m
8.00”
1,35
”
54
6.00”
m
5.00” 00m
1.25kPa 1,5
”
4.00” 60
mm
,650
”1
3.00” 66
m
0m
1,80
”
Static Pressure (ins. water gauge per 100’ duct)

2.00” 72

mm
,8 00
”1
78
m
1.00” 0m
.25kPa 2 ,10
”
.80” 84
m
0m
.60” 2,25
”
90
.50” mm
0.13kPa , 400
”2
.40” 96

.30”

.20”

.10”
.025kPa
Duct Diameter
.08”

.06”
.05”
0.013kPa
.04”

.03”

.02”

• • • • • • • •
1,000 cfm 2,000 cfm 5,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 20,000 cfm 50,000 cfm 100,000 cfm 200,000 cfm
.47m3/sec. .94 m3/sec. 2.36m3/sec 4.72m3/sec. 9.44 m3/sec. 2.36 m3/sec. 47.2m3/sec. 94.4m3/sec.

Air Quantity
 Evaluate the Different Types of Duct
Steel ✔Lowest initial-cost suction duct
✔Required on some projects ✔Non-flammable
✔Holds high positive and negative pressure
✔Medium leakage ✔Low friction
✔Best suited for:
Moderate length ventilation runs (less than 3,000 ft.)
Drill and shoot operations
Single use applications

Fiberglass ✔Most durable suction duct ✔Flame resistant

✔Holds up well to abuse ✔Light-weight
✔Holds high positive and negative pressure
✔Low friction factor
✔Best suited for:
Short-length ventilation runs (less than 1,500 ft.)
Multiple reuse operations
Drill and shoot operations
Mine development

Flexible ✔Flame resistant ✔Can expand and contract length

✔Weight dependent on negative pressure rating
Suction ✔Can be stored in small area
✔Best suited for:
Starter tunnels
Short ventilation runs
Flexible connections in other type of duct

Lay flat ✔Low cost ✔Flame resistant ✔Low leakage in long lengths
✔Pressure rating dependent on material, construction
✔Requires additional fan for reversing air flow on OSHA jobs
✔Medium friction factor ✔Many grades available
✔Requires special expertise in applications for booster fans
✔Best suited for:
Short ventilation runs using low cost duct
Long ventilation runs using high-quality long-length ducts
TBM tunnels
SCHAUENBURG
VENTILATION

Calculating Losses

Dynamic Losses
The pressure loss in each fitting, inlet and outlet must be calculated separately and is
based on the velocity pressure of air at that point in the system.

Velocity pressure Pv =

Friction Losses
Friction loss curves, which are provided in this brochure, are designed to give the
pressure loss due to friction in the duct. The curves are based on the following formula:

For all equations, the definitions are:

ΔH = pressure loss in in. w.g. A = area of duct in square feet

C = loss coefficient K = the friction factor for the
V = air velocity in feet/minute material
L = length in feet (Fiberglass duct is 11.7;
O = perimeter in feet Steel duct is 12;
Q = air quantity in 100,000 cfm Cassette duct is 15;
(60,000 cfm would be .60) Lay flat duct is 18;
= air density (.075 for standard air) in lb/ft3 Flexible suction duct is 27)
 Fiberglass duct friction loss chart

m
m m m m mm mm mm 0 mm0 mm 0 mm mm 50 m
00m 50m 00 m 50 m 500 550 600 0 6 5 00 ,0
”3 ”3 ” 4 8” 4 20” 22” 24” ” 7 ” 7 ” 8 9 2” 1
12 14 16 1 28 30 34 36” 4
10.00”
2.5kPa
8.00” mm
,200
”1
6.00” 48
5.00”
1.25kPa
4.00” mm
,350
”1
54
3.00”
Static Pressure (ins. water gauge per 100’ duct)

mm
,500
2.00” ”1
60

1.00”
.25kPa mm
,800
.80” ”1
72
.60”
.50”
0.13kPa
mm
.40” ,100
”2
84
.30”

.20”

.10”
.025kPa Duct Diameter
.08”

.06”
.05”
0.013kPa
.04”

.03”

.02”

• • • • • • • •
1,000 cfm 2,000 cfm 5,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 20,000 cfm 50,000 cfm 100,000 cfm 200,000 cfm
.47m3/sec. .94 m3/sec. 2.36m3/sec 4.72m3/sec. 9.44 m3/sec. 2.36 m3/sec. 47.2m3/sec. 94.4m3/sec.

Air Quantity
SCHAUENBURG
VENTILATION

Steel duct friction loss chart

m m
m mm mm m mm 0 mm 0 mm0 m 0 mm 0 mm0 mm 0 mm0 mm mm 0 m
0m 250 300 50 m 400 45 50 55 60 65 76 0 90 975 1,05
20 ” ” 3 ” ” ” ” ” ” 8
” ” ”
8” 10 12 14
” 16 18 20 22 24 28 30” 34 36 39 42
”
10.00”
2.5kPa
8.00” m
0m
1,20
”
6.00” 48
5.00” mm
,350
1.25kPa ”1
4.00” 54

3.00”
mm
,500
”1
Static Pressure (ins. water gauge per 100’ duct)

2.00” 60

m
0m
1,65
”
66

1.00” mm
.25kPa
,8 00
.80” ”1
72 m
0m
.60” 1 ,95
”
78
.50” m
0.13kPa 0m
2,10
.40” ”
84
m
0m
.30”
2 ,25
”
90 m
0m
2 ,40
”
.20” 96

.10”
.025kPa
.08”

.06”
.05”
0.013kPa
.04”
Duct Diameter

.03”

.02”

• • • • • • • •
1,000 cfm 2,000 cfm 5,000 cfm 10,000 cfm 20,000 cfm 50,000 cfm 100,000 cfm 200,000 cfm
.47m3/sec. .94 m3/sec. 2.36m3/sec 4.72m3/sec. 9.44 m3/sec. 2.36 m3/sec. 47.2m3/sec. 94.4m3/sec.

Air Quantity
 Loss coefficients for area changes

Type Illustration Conditions Loss Coefficient

C2
Gradual
Contraction 30˚ 0.02
45˚ 0.04
60˚ 0.07

A1=A2 C
Equal Area
Transformation ≤ 14˚ 0.15

C
Flanged A=∞
0.34
Entrance

A=∞ C
Duct Entrance 0.85

A=∞ C
Formed Entrance 0.03

C1
5˚ 0.17
Gradual 7˚ 0.22
Expansion 10˚ 0.28
20˚ 0.45
30˚ 0.59
40˚ 0.73

A2 = ∞
Abrupt Exit A1/A2 = 0.0 1.00

Note: A “C” with a subscript indicates the cross-section at which velocity is calculated.

Loss coefficients for elbows

Pressure Loss
Type Illustration Conditions Loss Coefficient L/D Ratio

Rectangular or (N/90) times value

N˚ round, with or for similar
without vanes 90˚ elbow
Miter 1.30 65
R/D = 0.5 0.90
90˚
0.75 0.45 23
Round 1.0 0.33 17
Section 1.5 0.24 12
2.0 0.19 10
SCHAUENBURG
VENTILATION

Reading fan and headloss curves

m m m
0m 0m 0m mm
60 ” 76 ” 90 50
How to use the friction curves 24
”
30 36
42
”1
,0

1.00”
.25kPa m
.80”
0m
To determine the friction loss, find the 1,20
.60” ”
48
average air quantity in the duct (air at .50”
0.13kPa
.40”
heading + 1/2 leakage), follow the line up mm
00
.30”
to your duct diameter and read across to ”1
,5
60
determine the static pressure drop per 100 feet. .20”

Multiply this number by the length of duct

(also in hundreds of feet) to obtain the .10”
.025kPa
.08”
friction losses.
.06”
For an oval duct, use the hydraulic .05”
0.013kPa
.04”
diameter formula to calculate the equivalent
.03”
round diameter:
4A
DH = .02”

For example: • • • •
An application requires 28,000 cfm at 1,000 cfm
.47m3/sec.
5,000 cfm
2.36m3/sec
10,000 cfm
4.72m3/sec.
30,000 cfm

the heading. We have 2,000 feet of 36” flexible Air Quantity

forced duct and 4,000 cfm of leakage. The
average air quantity in the duct is 30,000 cfm.
This gives us .8 in. w.g./100 feet or 16” total.

2-STAGE CONTRA ROTATING FAN

How to use the fan curve
Read across at the total pressure, then
up from the quantity to determine if the
intersection point falls on or under the
fan curve.
To obtain the total pressure
requirement for the fan, add the friction
losses, dynamic losses and one velocity
pressure to obtain the total pressure in
the system.
In the above example, if we also have
8” of dynamic losses and 1.25” velocity
pressure, we would have a total pressure
loss of 25.25” and a fan quantity of 32,000 cfm.
Therefore, by using a fan chart we can see
that a 2 x 100 HP 33” fan will meet the
requirements.
 General Reference
VEL. VP VEL. VP VEL. VP
Velocity Pressures FPM In. Water FPM In.Water FPM In.Water

500 .016 1800 .202 4400 1.21

600 .022 2000 .249 4600 1.32
700 .031 2200 .302 4800 1.44
800 .040 2400 .359 5000 1.56
900 .050 2600 .421 5200 1.69
1000 .062 2800 .489 5400 1.82
1100 .075 3000 .561 5600 1.96
1200 .090 3200 .638 5800 2.10
1300 .105 3400 .721 6000 2.24
1400 .122 3600 .808 6200 2.40
1500 .140 3800 .900 6400 2.55
1600 .160 4000 .998 6600 2.72
1700 .180 4200 1.10 6800 2.88

QUANTITY STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD OTHER UNITS

UNITS ENGLISH UNITS METRIC (SI) UNITS
in. wg pascals psi
inwg 1 248.36 .03602
PRESSURE pascals .00403 1 .00015
psi 27.761 6894.7 1
inHg 13.635 3386.4 .49116
mm WG .03937 9.7779 .00142
mm Hg .53681 133.32 .01934
Bar 407.98 101325 14.696
Conversion Factors cfm m3/s m3/min
Cfm 1 .000472 .02832
VOLUME M3/s 2118.9 1 60.000
FLOW M3/min 35.314 .01667 1

ft/min m/s m/min

Ft/min 1 .00508 .30480
VELOCITY M/s 196.85 1 60.000
M/min 3.2808 .01667 1
Kph .05468 .00028 .01667
Mph 88.000 .44704 26.822
Knots 101.34 .51479 30.887

Altitude Atmospheric Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

Air density Pressure -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

at different -1000 31.02 0.0936 0.0886 0.0858 0.0824 0.0792 0.0762 0.0735
altitudes and 0 29.92 0.0903 0.0854 0.0827 0.0794 0.0764 0.0735 0.0709
temperatures 1000 28.86 0.0871 0.824 0.0798 0.0766 0.0736 0.0709 0.684

2000 27.82 0.0839 0.0794 0.0769 0.0738 0.0710 0.0684 0.0660

3000 26.81 0.0808 0.0765 0.0741 0.0712 0.0684 0.0659 0.0635

4000 25.84 0.0779 0.0738 0.0715 0.0686 0.0660 0.0635 0.0612

5000 24.89 0.0751 0.0710 0.0688 0.0661 0.0635 0.0611 0.0590

6000 23.98 0.0723 0.0684 0.0663 0.0636 0.0612 0.0589 0.0569

7000 23.09 0.0697 0.0659 0.0639 0.0613 0.0589 0.0546 0.0526

8000 22.22 0.0671 0.0634 0.0614 0.0590 0.0567 0.0546 0.0526

9000 21.38 0.0644 0.0610 0.0591 0.0568 0.0546 0.0525 0.0506

10000 20.58 0.0620 0.0587 0.0569 0.0546 0.0525 0.0495 0.0488

 Schauenburg Ventilation Products

➤ FLEXIBLE
Lay flat, spiral, forced, exhaust, shaft, cassettes and all fittings

➤ FIBERGLASS
Round, oval, forced, exhaust, fittings, and accessories

➤ STEEL
18 & 20 gauge, corrugated & smooth, fittings, coupling bands

➤ BRATTICE
Plain rolls, curtains, fly pads, pogo sticks, special products

➤ FANS & FAN SILENCERS

Axial flow, permissible, accessories, center pod silencers

➤ DUST COLLECTORS

➤Schauenburg is known industry-wide for partnering with customers to engineer

solutions for ventilation projects. We welcome inquiries for technical assistance and
the opportunity to assist you with new or existing projects.

A HALF CENTURY OF WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE GOES INTO

MANUFACTURING A COMPLETE LINE OF INTEGRATED PRODUCTS DESIGNED FOR ALL
TYPES OF VENTILATION PROJECTS. CALL OR FAX FOR INFORMATION.

Members of the Schauenburg Worldwide 2233 Sanford Drive

Group of Companies
Schauenburg Tunnel Ventalation
Schauenburg Industries, Ltd., Canada
Flexadux Plastics Ltd., Great Britain
Schauenburg Flexadux (PTY.) Ltd., South Africa
Grand Junction, Colorado 81505 • USA
Tel: 970-245-9400
Fax: 970-245-9402
E-mail: info@schauenburg-us.com
Web page: www.schauenburg-us.com