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456 MISCELLANEOUS DESIGN ELEMENTS

10

h/d = 0.05
σ max
Kt = ——–
σnom
9 Knuckle
pd
σnom = —— ri
4h
Ri
p = pressure
8 Crown d D

7
ri/h > 3 recommended
h for design
Kt
Ri /d = 1.5
6 1.0
0.75 } Kt Knuckle
(Ri/D > 1.0 Not recommended for design)

Ri/d = 1.5
4
A 1.0
0.75 } Kt Crown
(Ri/D > 1.0
Not recommended for design)

3 B
Cylinder
(tangential)
D E
F C
2
(ri/D < 0.06
Not recommended
for design)
ri/d = 0.066
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
ri/d

Chart 5.23 Stress concentration factors Kt for a cylindrical pressure vessel with torispherical ends
(from data of Fessler and Stanley 1965).

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