Konduksi

Hk fourier
temperatur For glass
distribution linear
heat loss through N windows at a rate of R = $1/kW·h over a t = 8
heat flux h flight time
Ts = Surface Temperature
T∞: = Fluid Temperature
Konveksi H = Convection heat trf
coli coefficient
Heat transfer
Radiasi

Heater surface
Stef Bolztman temperatures in
water and air
Net radiation

Radiation heat (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) All of the electrical power
transfer coefficien is transferred to the fluid by convection, (3) Negligible heat
radiation transfer transfer from ends.

Total heat transfer from surface

Conduction Rate Equation

In water

In air

Conduction Heat flux

K: thermal
conductivity
(W/m.K)

Heat rate through plane A

Conservation of thermal and mechanical energy

(1) Both walls subjected to same surface temperatures, (2)
Onedimensional conduction, (3) Steady-state conditions,
(4) Constant properties.

Steady flow thermal energy equations

Thermal resistance in composite wall

Heat diffusion equation

Constant thermal conductivity

Under steady state conditions

Heat transfer in one Table A.3, soda Conduction thermal resistance in Heat heat transfer coeff in cylinder
dimensional, steady state, no lime glass (300 K): cylinder`
(1) Steady-state
heat generation kgl = 1.4 W/m⋅K
conditions, (2) One-
dimensional
conduction in the
Temperature distribution in plane wall xdirection, (3)
Constant
properties.
Conduction heat transfer rate
Radiation thermal resistance

Conduction thermal resistance Conduction thermal resistance in

sphere Heat heat transfer coeff in sphere

Convection thermal resistance

 Konduksi

heat flux Asumsi:

Steady state, one dimentional
heat loss conduction, constant termal
conductivity
1. Steady-state conditions. 2. One-dimensional heat
transfer by conduction through the skin/fat and
insulation layers. 3. Contact resistance is
negligible. 4. Thermal conductivities are uniform.
5. Radiation exchange between the skin surface
and the surroundings is between a small
Radiasi surface and a large enclosure at the air
1. One-dimensional conduction in the x-direction. temperature. 6. Liquid water is opaque to thermal
Asumsi:
2. Isotropic medium with constant properties. radiation. 7. Solar radiation is negligible. 8. Body is
Steady state, surface emicifity
3. Uniform internal heat generation, q. (W/m3). completely immersed in water in part 2.
and adsorbtivity equal
Surface emission power Termal resistan
Termal resistan pararel

Pipe heat loss

Air Ex 1.7

Water

conduction Ts
2

Conservation Energy
Asumsi: 3
Steady state, large surrounding,
surface nacelle adiabatic

Mechanical work & electrical

transfer

Heat transfer 1. Steady-state conditions. 2. One-dimensional heat

transfer by conduction through the skin/fat layer.
3. Thermal conductivity is uniform. 4. Radiation
exchange between the skin surface and the
surroundings is between a small surface and a
large enclosure at the air temperature. 5. Liquid
water is opaque to thermal radiation. 6. Bathing suit
has no effect on heat loss from body. 7. Solar
radiation is negligible. 8. Body is completely
immersed in water in part 2.