WL-PERF-INT-PERF-4 Page 1 of 3

WL Training - PEPTEC
Perforation Interpretation B - Sand Management
Interpretation
Interpretation Level Tasksheet 12/21

Objectives

1. Components of perforation damage in weak rocks.

2. Essentials of sand production mechanics in weak rocks.
3. Underbalance criteria in weak rocks.
4. Skin in gravel packs.
5. Sand control completions.
6. Prevention of sanding.
7. Perforating and operational requirements for sand management completions.

Theory

How do we differentiate 'weak and unconsolidated' from 'weak but consolidated' rocks
1) on the standpoint of the completion strategy?.
2) Describe the perforation damage components in weak rocks.

3) Describe sand production mechanisms in perforated completions.

Explain why usually sand production increases drastically with the onset of water
4) breakthrough in a well.
5) Describe the IGP (internal gravel pack) and the EGP (external gravel pack).

6) Which type is likely to perform better in terms of productivity and sand management?
What is the cause of the very high skin factors often measured by well tests in gravel
7) packed completions?
8) What can be done to reduce these high skins?

9) What are the underbalance guidelines for perforating in weak rocks?

10) Describe the PerfPack technique.

11) What are the major components of the total skin of a perforated completion?
12) Why dropping the guns while perforating in sand management completions?
13) Explain the technique of oriented perforating for sand management.
14) Describe the principles of 'active' and 'passive' orienting of perforations.
15) Describe the principle of operation of the WOPT tool.
Explain why optimizing perforation spacing is a useful technique in sand management
16) completions.
Make a comprehensive statement of the perforating requirements for sand
17) management.
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Practical

You must have already completed 'Engineered Perforated Completions' Interpretation

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1) Assignments Modules A.

2) Study 1 or 2 of the case studies listed under 'References.'

3)
4)
5)
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References

SRC 'Perforating Services Catalog', 2001 or New Schlumberger publication (expected Q4/03):
1) 'Engineered Perforating Operations': 'Weak rocks and sand production', 'Specific Perforating
Requirements'
2) 'Wireline Oriented Perforating Tool', PP presentation, SRC.
3) 'OrientXact', PP presentation, WCP, 2002.
4) 'Aim to Increase Value', multimedia CD, SRC, 2003.
'Effects of Underbalance and Effective Stress on Perforation Damage in Weak Sandstone: Initial
5) Results', L.A. Behrmann et al., SPE 24770, 1992.
'Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Perforating on Gravel-Pack Impairment', R.H.J. Blok
6) et al., SPE 36481, 1996.
ICCI report for Schlumberger: 'Perforating Guidelines for Weak and Unconsolidated Formations',
7) 1996.
'Perforation Damage Studies in Unconsolidated Sands: Changes in Formation Particle Sizes and
8) the Distribution as a Function of Shaped Charge Design', P.M. Snider et al., SPE 38635, 1997.
'Field Implications from Full-Scale Sand Production Experiments', L.A. Behrmann et al., SPE
9) 38639, 1997.
10) 'Perforating Practices that Optimize Productivity', Oildield Review Spring 2000, 52-74.
11) 'Orienting Perforations in the Right Direction', Oilfield Review Spring 2002, 16-30.
12) Paper SPE 73724: 'Successful Hydraulic Fracturing for Sand Control', Solares et al., 2002.
13) Paper SPE 58788: 'Perforating Requirements for Sand Prevention', Venkitaraman et al., 2000.
Paper SPE 56472: 'Orienting Live Well Perforating Technique Provides Innovative Sand Control',
14) Eriksen et al., 2000.
15) 'Oriented Perforating for Sand Prevention', A.L. Sulbaran et al., SPE 57954, 1999.
16) 'Perforating Requirements for Sand Control', A. Venkitaraman et al., SPE 65187, 2000.

Comments By Supervisor:

Name Signature Date

Managers Name Manager Signature Date

LMS Code WL-PERF-INT-PERF-4 TaskSheet Author Susan Barker

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Date Revised 25 Jun 2009 Approved by

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