CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Introduction
Nurtured from the seed of a single great idea - to empower the traveller - MakeMyTrip went on
to pioneer the entire online travel industry in India. MakeMyTrip has revolutionised the travel
industry over the years. This is the story of MakeMyTrip, India’s Online Travel Leader.
1.1 ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION
MakeMyTrip’s rise has been led by the vision and the spirit of each one of its employees, for
whom no idea was too big and no problem too difficult. With untiring innovation and
determination, MakeMyTrip proactively began to diversify its product offering, adding a variety
of online and offline products and services. MakeMyTrip also stayed ahead of the curve by
continually evolving its technology to meet the ever changing demands of the rapidly
developing global travel market.
Steadily establishing itself across India and the world, MakeMyTrip simultaneously nurtured the
growth of its offline businesses, augmenting the brand’s already strong retail presence further.
Today, MakeMyTrip is much more than just a travel portal or a famous pioneering brand - it is a
one-stop-travel-shop that offers the broadest selection of travel products and services in India.
MakeMyTrip is the undisputed online leader, with its share of the travel market extending to
more than 50% of all online sales, a fact evinced by the trust placed in it by millions of happy
customers.
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PROVIDED
 International and Domestic Air Tickets, Holiday Packages and Hotels
 Domestic Bus and Rail Tickets
 Private Car and Taxi Rentals
 MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences & Exhibitions)
 B2B and Affiliat

1
S.NO AUTHOR TITLE PUBLISHED ABSTRACT
NAME DETAILS

1 Michael analytical study A conjoint A Conjoint Analysis” examines the

Chiam, analysis. impacts of a number of elements such as
Online and Off-
Geoffrey International price, package characteristics, travel
line Travel
Soutar and journal of tourism agents and a seal of approval in online
Packages
Alvin Yeo’s research, 11, 31- and off-line environments by using
Preference
40.(2009) conjoint analysis. The findings of the
study reveal that price had the biggest
www.interscience.
impact, although travel agent and airline
wiley.com
reputation and trustworthiness also
impacted on people’s preferences. The
study reveals that there were no
significant differences in the attributes’
impacts in the online and off-line
environments on the travel package
preferences

2 Nicholas Case of Apriil 2014 We examine the financial consequences

Rupp East, American of a reseller excluding a certain supplier.
Airlines and We take advantage of a recent conflict
Vivek Pai
Online Travel between American Airlines and two
University
Agencies leading U.S. online travel agencies
of
(Expedia and Orbitz), which led to the
California,
suspension of American Airlines fares
during the first quarter of 2011. We
analyze price data for the first quarter of
2010 and 2011, employing a simple
difference-in-differences identification
strategy to evaluate changes in
American Airlines’ domestic fares due to
this conflict.

3 Chakravarth Comparison of March 2012 The Indian travel industry is rapidly

i, J. S. K., Traditional and changing. Many of these changes are
Gopal, Online Travel synchronous with the changes taking
Venu, IUP Services: A place globally. These changes promise to
Journal of Concept Note usher in an era of convenience and
Business comfort to the customer. For quite a
Strategy long time, the travel services business
had not witnessed any major change and
was deeply mired in tradition (Middleton
et al., 2009, p. 242). But in the last
decade or so, the influence of

2
 Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) is most visible in this
industry. Industry reports suggest that
ICT in general and Internet in particular
has had a quick and pervasive influence
over how the business is getting
designed and transacted in the travel
services market (Middleton )

4 Pualo Online Travel Journal of Travel Over the past two decades, there has
duorte Purchasing: A & Tourism been an increasing focus on the
Literature Marketing 30(8):7 developmentofInformationandCommuni
Review 55- cationTechnologies (ICTs), as well as the
785 · November impact that they have had on the
2013 tourism industry and on travelers’
behaviors. However, research on what
drives consumers to purchase travel
online.

5 Narayan B. An exploratory An Online Online travel market in Asia Pacific

Prabhu M, study on online International region (APAC) is growing at a faster
Assistant travel trends Research Journal pace, and India being one of the top
Professor, and travel (ISSN: 2311-3189) emerging markets, representing 9% of
Sales and behavior of 2014 Vol: 1 Issue 3 APAC online market, travel organizations
Marketing, . employees are trying their level best to deploy
working in I.T. emerging technologies for gaining
organizations competitive advantage and to catch up
in Bengaluru, with the rapidly changing business
India scenario in India. In this paper, efforts
are taken to understand the online
travel trends and travel behavior of
employees working in I.T. organizations
in Bengaluru which employs 35% of
India's pool of one million I.T.
professionals. Further in this paper,
efforts made to get into the insights of
I.T. employees’ adoption and attitudes
towards online technology platforms
and identify how they put their attitudes
into action

6 Josefina CO-CREATION: INTERNATIONAL Travel Agencies (TA) business model is

Olívia THE TRAVEL CONFERENCE ON shifting from “Sold To" (Trip Centric) to
Marques AGENCIES’ TOURISM & "Selling With" (Traveler Centric). The
Godinho NEW FRONTIER MANAGEMENT traditional system of company-centric

3
 Salvado PhD STUDIES – value creation is becoming obsolete.
Student, at ALGARVE 2011 Prahalad & Ramaswamy (2004) argue
University that consumer wants to interact with
of Aveiro firms and thereby co-create value. In this
TA new frontier, the role of the
consumer has changed from isolated to
connected, from unaware to informed,
from passive to active.

7 JohnSalazar, Online Travel European The growth of online travel agencies has
PhDProfess Retail Site Scientific Journal modified how consumers explore
orofHospital Usage And May 2016 possible vacation choices by allowing
ityManagem Generational /SPECIAL/ edition greater access to the travel and tourism
ent . Differences ISSN: 1857 – 7881 supply chain. This growth also
When Using (Print) e - ISSN empowers potential travelers to be
Sites To Plan A 1857- 7431. more discerning when purchasing travel
Leisure products and services by giving them the
Vacation opportunity to align their preferences
(i.e., price, value, amenity, etc.) with the
multiple product offerings available to
them via online travel retail sites. This
research explores a visitor’sfrequency of
using online travel sites when planning a
leisure vacation and if similarities exist in
how frequently these sites are used in
the planning process.

8 Martin Databased February 1, 1999 It shows that the travel agencies are
Oppermann Marketing involved only to a limited extent in the
byTravel three identified areas of databased
Agencies marketing: customer retention, product
promotion, and customer creation.
Especially in the areas of product
promotion and customer creation,
considerable opportunities exist to
maximize the returns and effectiveness
of the existing databases.

9 Inversini, A., Selling Rooms International This paper focuses on the reason why
& Masiero, L Online: The Journal of hoteliers choose to be
Use of Social Contemporary presentinonlinetravelagent (OTA) and
Media and Hospitality social media websites for sales purposes.
Online Travel Management, It also investigates thetechnological and
Agents 2014 human factors related to these .

4
10 Dr. Sanjay AN EMPIRICAL Inspira- Journal of Online travelling is the newest addition
Bhayani∗ STUDY OF Modern to the travelling ecosystem in India. The
Ravi D CONSUMER Management & advent and proliferation of computers,
Bavaria PERCEPTION Entrepreneurship coupled with the increasingly acceptable
TOWARDS 125 ISSN : 2231– leveraging of the Internet has caused
ONLINE 167X, Volume 04, some major changes in the travel
TRAVEL No. 04, October, industry. Online travelling in India is yet
AGENCY 2014, pp.125-134 at a very nascent stage. Travelling has
not been a focus area but merely
another application for engaging users
when they are looking out for some
quick results. The engagement level of
most users has also been low with
infrequent usage and loyalty. However
all this is changing with the spotlight
sharply focused on complete travel
booking. The traditional means of
procuring airline tickets and associate
travel arrangements are rapidly
changing. These changes are primarily
being facilitated by Internet travel
marketplaces (such as makemytrip.com,
yatra.com, etc.)

11 Ravichandra Traveller’s Indian Journal of studied the penetration of internet in

n.K Perception on Marketing Vol. travel and tourism industry and
travel service XXXVIII, No.6, identified that the present outlook for
providers in an June 2008 pg 21- travel industry is one of innovation, high
Electronic 28 occupancy rate and healthy competition
Environment, at a higher rate. The study highlighted
that a need for transformation into the
techno-centric business arena was felt
where the consumers have different
choices for customisation of their own
product without any direct contact with
an intermediary. It was further pointed
out that the major aspect of concern for
travellers is to search information faster,
seek more options and choices that suits
their budget and settling transaction
online through the interne

5
12 Matei, E., & India in South Asian An Analysis” examines in detail that
Simon, Romania’s Journal of India penetrates with difficulty in
travel packages Tourism and Romania’s tourism market even the
Heritage, 1, 1. country possessing strong cultural
Pp. 32 - heritage, icon attractions and central
38.(2008) image in global marketing. The study
reviewed several researches into the
interaction between Romanian tour
operating companies with India’s travel
packages via internet. It also analyses
the demand pattern and suppliers’
practice, as well as the recognition of
importance inunderstanding of how they
function. Moreover the study defines
and ranges India’s

destinations in conventional views of

tour operators as providers and tourists’

expectations advantages and

disadvantages of both segments which
deal with

marketing practices and policies14

13 Srikanth Cohort Analysis journals.sagepub.c The study provides explanatory detail

Beldona of Online o (2005) using a synthesis of literature across the
Travel areas of technology adoption theory, e-
Information commerce, and sociology. The findings
Search provide an evolutionary perspective of
Behavior: online travel information search
1995-2000 behavior among and within generational
cohorts. Theoretical and practical
implications are discussed.

14 Dolnicar, S. Travel agency Journal of Travel This paper provides insight into
& Laesser, marketing Research, 46 (2), alternative strategies for travel agencies
C, strategy 133-146 ,(2007) in a matured travel market with a high
insights internet penetration. Discounting
University
arguments that claim that there will be
of St Gallen,
no need for travel agents in future, two
Switzerland,
possible roles for travel agents can be
derived from theory and prior studies in
the field: travel agents can survive if
they focus on specific specialized
services, such as travel consultation

6
 (specialization; hypothesizing that
systematic differences exist between the
usage of travel agents for different travel
contexts), and travel agents can survive
if they focus on specific segments of the
market, such as older travelers
(segmenta-tion; hypothesizing that
systematic differences exist between the
usage of travel agents depending on the
personal characteristics of travelers)

15 Kanwal, K., Incredible India BVIMR The paper shows the need of a tourism
& Sheeba, building the Management brand arose,how was it communicated
Ka. country as a Edge, 2, 1, p.48-53 through the digital channel and howwas
(2009) it revamped with changing needs of
tourism brand.
themodern tourist. Yet despite all this,
much smallercountries like
Malaysia,Thailand,Singapore and Hong
Kong than India

16 Ashok Adequacy and Conference on Undertaken to evaluate the adequacy

Patha.k And effectiveness and effectiveness of the official websites
tourism in India-
of Indian of various tourism development
Krishna challenges ahead,
tourism corporations of India. The websites have
Kumar.k Calicut:
been evaluated based on the variety of
websites for IIMK.(2008)
information, online accommodation,
international
travel booking and other facilities and
tourism in
services offered by the websites. The
India.
study reveals startling inadequacies and
gaps in the websites that need to be
bridged.

17 Bhaskar Tourists Indian Journal of The study identifies the motivators of

Rao’s perception tourism and the relationship between
Marketing. 34, 4,
towards the socio-demographic factors of
28-31.(2007)
package tours. tourists and their preference towards
package tours. It finds the propensity of
pleasure of a tourist in packagetour and
considered it as the most important
motivator of tourism.

18 Filipe Factors Indian Journal The Multiple Regression Analysis shows

Rodrigues e influencing Marketing, 34, 9, that the overall impression of the hotel
Melo and performance of 11-15.(2004) depends upon The impression about the
Huger. S.S’s Goa Tourism staff, room services and amenities in the
Development bathroom. It Demonstrates the

7
 Corporation entertainments provided during the
(GTDC): A river cruise.
multiple
regression
analysis.

19 Craig Stan, Repositioning Journal Of Traditionally, retail travel agencies have

travel agencies Vacation acted as intermediaries between
PhD
on the Internet Marketing 7(2) · A primary creators/suppliers of travel
University
pril 2001. products and the consumer, largely as a
of Western
function of taking upon themselves the
Australia
transaction costs for the consumer to
find and select appropriate travel
facilitators. Internet-related
technologies dramatically change
transaction costs in communication-
based activities and raise both
challenges and opportunities for this
business sector relating to issues of the
nature and value of intermediation.

20 Alvaro The efficiency International This paper uses an econometric frontier

Matias, of travel journal of tourism model to evaluate the technical
Technical agencies with reaserch efficiency of a sample of Portuguese
University a stochastic travel agencies. The model encompasses
cost frontier: a 16 October (2006)
of Lisbon, a Cobb–Douglas cost frontier approach,
Rua Miguel Portuguese with data running from 2000 to 2004,
Lupi, 20 case study and makes use of financial variables to
1249‐068 generate the travel agencies' efficiency
Lisbon, scores. We conclude that the efficiency
Portuga scores are, at best, mixed. A policy is
then derived for guiding management
teams, as far as this specific sector is
concerned.

21 Mohamme The Impact of Sage journals, The Internet offers a rich atmosphere for
d Abubakar, Travel on Volume: 5 issue: prospective travelers to gain familiarity,
. Travelers 2, page(s): 124- and harvest and retrieve travel-related
Booking and 136(2017 information and resources.The Internet
Reservation offers a rich atmosphere for prospective
Behaviors travelers to gain familiarity, and harvest
and retrieve travel-related information
and resources.

8
 22 Rob Law & How do Asia Pacific In recent years, hospitality and tourism
Truman travelers find Journal of Tourism researchers have presented their
Huang their travel and Research Volume findings of many studies on website
hotel websites 11, (2006) performance and evaluations. Although
these prior studies have achieved a
certain degree of success for assisting
industrial practitioners to develop and
maintain their websites, it remains
largely unknown how consumers find a
specific travel or hotel website

23 Michael A FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL The dynamics of online searching and

Conyette, EXPLAINING JOURNAL OF purchasing is becoming better known
Okanagan HOW MANAGEMENT and understood as researchers study
College CONSUMERS AND MARKETING various products sold via the Web.
PLAN AND RESEARCH Conceptual Framework was developed
BOOK TRAVEL VOLUME 5 showing the connection between online
ONLINE NUMBER 3 2012 searching, planning and booking of
leisure travel products and the
relationship between these variables is
tested using logistic regression. It
confirms that consumers plan then book
travel and that beliefs and attitudes
influence one’s intention to book travel
online. Furthermore, beliefs about travel
agents affect beliefs and attitudes
towards online searching.

Research Gap

The above review of literature points out that many studies have been made on ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, its
features, advantages and limitations. Few Studies are done on the Awareness levels of the Beneficiaries.
But no study is done on the Awareness Levels of Students about APY, particularly in Nalgonda. It would
therefore be appropriate to make such a study to address the gap.

9
NEED FOR THE STUDY
The Government of India implemented APY from the Financial Year 2015-16. This
explains that the Scheme is very young. It is just 3 years old. For fine-tuning the Scheme and to
plug the loopholes (if any) there is a need to examine the scheme, more particularly from the point
of view of the Beneficiaries. Hence to address the issue/s the present Study “Atal Pension Yojana
– Perceptions of the Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries is undertaken. This Study will address
the Research Gap.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Objectives of the study are

 To understand the Scheme of ‘Atal Pension Yojana’

 To examine the Perceptions of the Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries towards the ‘Atal
Pension Yojana’

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The Scope of the study is limited to the Students who are studying Post Graduation Courses in the
Colleges affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The period of the study for the purpose of Primary Data Collection is limited to 3 months i.e.,
January 2018 to March 2018. For the purpose of Secondary Data the inception year of the ‘Atal Pension
Yojana’ and before will be considered.

METHODOLOGY
The following are the details of the Methodology used.

Sources of Data

Both Primary and Secondary Sources are used for collecting the Data for the Study.

10
Primary Data

Primary Data are collected from the beneficiaries / potential beneficiaries by administering a Schedule /
questionnaire. The Sample of the beneficiaries is taken from the Nalgonda Region that is falling under the
jurisdiction of MGU .

Secondary Data

Secondary Sources include the publications of Central Government, PFRDA, Scheme implementing
Organisations and other relevant published data, including the Websites.

Sample Selection

The following is the procedure used for the selection of the Stratified Sample of Beneficiaries. The Sample
will be limited to the Students pursuing their Post Graduation Courses in the various colleges affiliated to
Mahatma Gandhi University. The Sample will be stratified on the basis of the number of students
registered for the PG Courses in M.A, M.Com, M.Sc and MBA initially. The next level of the stratification
will be done on the basis of the geographical area in which the student is studying i.e., Nalgonda, Suryapet,
Yadadri-Bhongir. Further stratification will be based on the Gender factor i.e, Male Students and Female
Students.

For selecting the Sample Size, Krejcie Morgan Model will be used. The basis for the Sample stratification
will be based on the Total number of Students registered in each course (M.A, M.Com, M.Sc) and the Total
Number of Students pursuing their courses from different Geographical Regions (Nalgonda, Suryapet and
Yadadri-Bhongir)

Hypotheses

H0 – There is no Significant Difference in the Awareness Levels and Perceptions of the different
Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries about Atal Pension Yojana.

11
H1 – There is a Significant Difference in the Awareness Levels and Perceptions of the different Beneficiaries
/ Potential Beneficiaries about Atal Pension Yojana.

Tools for Analysis

Data are analysed by using simple tools such as Ratios, Averages, Percentages, Trend Percentages and
Compounded Annual Growth Rate.

Limitations

The following are the limitations of the study:

1. Since sampling itself suffers from certain inherent limitations, likewise the present study, which
is based on sample, may also suffer from certain limitations on account of the sample procedure.
Limitations of the sample may affect the quality of results.
2. The quality of the service varies from region to region, from branch to branch and even within a
branch from person to person. The study is confined to Students pursuing PG Courses in MGU.
3. Data are collected from those respondents who happened to be present in the College on the
days visited to the College for data collection. The respondents were not selected on a random
sample basis as the limited time was available for completing the Project work.

The study of earlier research work will certainly help the researcher in presenting the report in a
clear and precise manner with valuable suggestions and conclusions. In fact, a brief history of yesteryear’s
reports, surveys and research articles in the similar area helps as a ‘backbone’ for the present study.
Therefore a review of the past, related studies in the field are as important as the present study.

Organisation of the Study

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

12
In this Chapter, Importance of the study, objectives of the study, period, Methodology, Scope of
the study, sources of data, chapterisation and a brief review of literature are discussed.

CHAPTER II: ATAL PENSION YOJANA – AN OVERVIEW

In this chapter, factors leading to the introduction of the ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, an overview about
the scheme are discussed.

CHAPTER III: ‘ATAL PENSION YOJANA’ - AWARENESS LEVELS AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE
BENEFICIARIES / POTENTIAL BENEFICIARIES

In this chapter the Awareness levels and perceptions of beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries
towards APY are analysed.

CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS:

In this chapter the summary of findings, the conclusions emerging from them and suggestions are
presented.

13
References

Thesis

The study of earlier research work will certainly help the researcher in presenting the report in a clear
and precise manner with valuable suggestions and conclusions. In fact, a brief history of yesteryear’s
reports, surveys and research articles in the similar area helps as a ‘backbone’ for the present study.
Therefore a review of the past, related studies in the field are as important as the present study.

S.NO AUTHOR TITLE PUBLISHED ABSTRACT

NAME DETAILS

1 Michael analytical study A conjoint A Conjoint Analysis” examines the

Chiam, analysis. impacts of a number of elements such as
Online and Off-
Geoffrey International price, package characteristics, travel
line Travel

14
 Soutar and Packages journal of tourism agents and a seal of approval in online
Alvin Yeo’s Preference research, 11, 31- and off-line environments by using
40.(2009) conjoint analysis. The findings of the
study reveal that price had the biggest
www.interscience.
impact, although travel agent and airline
wiley.com
reputation and trustworthiness also
impacted on people’s preferences. The
study reveals that there were no
significant differences in the attributes’
impacts in the online and off-line
environments on the travel package
preferences

2 Nicholas Case of Apriiil 2014 We examine the financial consequences

Rupp East, American of a reseller excluding a certain supplier.
Airlines and We take advantage of a recent conflict
Vivek Pai
Online Travel between American Airlines and two
University
Agencies leading U.S. online travel agencies
of
(Expedia and Orbitz), which led to the
California,
suspension of American Airlines fares
during the first quarter of 2011. We
analyze price data for the first quarter of
2010 and 2011, employing a simple
difference-in-differences identification
strategy to evaluate changes in
American Airlines’ domestic fares due to
this conflict.

3 Chakravarth Comparison of March 2012 The Indian travel industry is rapidly

i, J. S. K., Traditional and changing. Many of these changes are
Gopal, Online Travel synchronous with the changes taking
Venu, IUP Services: A place globally. These changes promise to
Journal of Concept Note usher in an era of convenience and
Business comfort to the customer. For quite a
Strategy long time, the travel services business
had not witnessed any major change and
was deeply mired in tradition (Middleton
et al., 2009, p. 242). But in the last
decade or so, the influence of
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) is most visible in this
industry. Industry reports suggest that
ICT in general and Internet in particular
has had a quick and pervasive influence
over how the business is getting

15
 designed and transacted in the travel
services market (Middleton )

4 Pualo Online Travel Journal of Travel Over the past two decades, there has
duorte Purchasing: A & Tourism been an increasing focus on the
Literature Marketing 30(8):7 developmentofInformationandCommuni
Review 55- cationTechnologies (ICTs), as well as the
785 · November impact that they have had on the
2013 tourism industry and on travelers’
behaviors. However, research on what
drives consumers to purchase travel
online.

5 Narayan B. An exploratory An Online Online travel market in Asia Pacific

Prabhu M, study on online International region (APAC) is growing at a faster
Assistant travel trends Research Journal pace, and India being one of the top
Professor, and travel (ISSN: 2311-3189) emerging markets, representing 9% of
Sales and behavior of 2014 Vol: 1 Issue 3 APAC online market, travel organizations
Marketing, . employees are trying their level best to deploy
working in I.T. emerging technologies for gaining
organizations competitive advantage and to catch up
in Bengaluru, with the rapidly changing business
India scenario in India. In this paper, efforts
are taken to understand the online
travel trends and travel behavior of
employees working in I.T. organizations
in Bengaluru which employs 35% of
India's pool of one million I.T.
professionals. Further in this paper,
efforts made to get into the insights of
I.T. employees’ adoption and attitudes
towards online technology platforms
and identify how they put their attitudes
into action

6 Josefina CO-CREATION: INTERNATIONAL Travel Agencies (TA) business model is

Olívia THE TRAVEL CONFERENCE ON shifting from “Sold To" (Trip Centric) to
Marques AGENCIES’ TOURISM & "Selling With" (Traveler Centric). The
Godinho NEW FRONTIER MANAGEMENT traditional system of company-centric
Salvado PhD STUDIES – value creation is becoming obsolete.
Student, at ALGARVE 2011 Prahalad & Ramaswamy (2004) argue
University that consumer wants to interact with
of Aveiro firms and thereby co-create value. In this
TA new frontier, the role of the
consumer has changed from isolated to

16
 connected, from unaware to informed,
from passive to active.

7 JohnSalazar, Online Travel European The growth of online travel agencies has
PhDProfess Retail Site Scientific Journal modified how consumers explore
orofHospital Usage And May 2016 possible vacation choices by allowing
ityManagem Generational /SPECIAL/ edition greater access to the travel and tourism
ent . Differences ISSN: 1857 – 7881 supply chain. This growth also
When Using (Print) e - ISSN empowers potential travelers to be
Sites To Plan A 1857- 7431. more discerning when purchasing travel
Leisure products and services by giving them the
Vacation opportunity to align their preferences
(i.e., price, value, amenity, etc.) with the
multiple product offerings available to
them via online travel retail sites. This
research explores a visitor’sfrequency of
using online travel sites when planning a
leisure vacation and if similarities exist in
how frequently these sites are used in
the planning process.

8 Martin Databased February 1, 1999 It shows that the travel agencies are
Oppermann Marketing involved only to a limited extent in the
byTravel three identified areas of databased
Agencies marketing: customer retention, product
promotion, and customer creation.
Especially in the areas of product
promotion and customer creation,
considerable opportunities exist to
maximize the returns and effectiveness
of the existing databases.

9 Inversini, A., Selling Rooms International This paper focuses on the reason why
& Masiero, L Online: The Journal of hoteliers choose to be
Use of Social Contemporary presentinonlinetravelagent (OTA) and
Media and Hospitality social media websites for sales purposes.
Online Travel Management, It also investigates thetechnological and
Agents 2014 human factors related to these .

10 Dr. Sanjay AN EMPIRICAL Inspira- Journal of Online travelling is the newest addition
Bhayani∗ STUDY OF Modern to the travelling ecosystem in India. The
Ravi D CONSUMER Management & advent and proliferation of computers,
Bavaria PERCEPTION Entrepreneurship coupled with the increasingly acceptable
TOWARDS 125 ISSN : 2231– leveraging of the Internet has caused
ONLINE 167X, Volume 04, some major changes in the travel
industry. Online travelling in India is yet

17
 TRAVEL No. 04, October, at a very nascent stage. Travelling has
AGENCY 2014, pp.125-134 not been a focus area but merely
another application for engaging users
when they are looking out for some
quick results. The engagement level of
most users has also been low with
infrequent usage and loyalty. However
all this is changing with the spotlight
sharply focused on complete travel
booking. The traditional means of
procuring airline tickets and associate
travel arrangements are rapidly
changing. These changes are primarily
being facilitated by Internet travel
marketplaces (such as makemytrip.com,
yatra.com, etc.)

11 Ravichandra Traveller’s Indian Journal of studied the penetration of internet in

n.K Perception on Marketing Vol. travel and tourism industry and
travel service XXXVIII, No.6, identified that the present outlook for
providers in an June 2008 pg 21- travel industry is one of innovation, high
Electronic 28 occupancy rate and healthy competition
Environment, at a higher rate. The study highlighted
that a need for transformation into the
techno-centric business arena was felt
where the consumers have different
choices for customisation of their own
product without any direct contact with
an intermediary. It was further pointed
out that the major aspect of concern for
travellers is to search information faster,
seek more options and choices that suits
their budget and settling transaction
online through the interne

12 Matei, E., & India in South Asian An Analysis” examines in detail that
Simon, Romania’s Journal of India penetrates with difficulty in
travel packages Tourism and Romania’s tourism market even the
Heritage, 1, 1. country possessing strong cultural
Pp. 32 - heritage, icon attractions and central
38.(2008) image in global marketing. The study
reviewed several researches into the
interaction between Romanian tour
operating companies with India’s travel
packages via internet. It also analyses

18
 the demand pattern and suppliers’
practice, as well as the recognition of
importance inunderstanding of how they
function. Moreover the study defines
and ranges India’s

destinations in conventional views of

tour operators as providers and tourists’

expectations advantages and

disadvantages of both segments which
deal with

marketing practices and policies14

13 Srikanth Cohort Analysis journals.sagepub.c The study provides explanatory detail

Beldona of Online o (2005) using a synthesis of literature across the
Travel areas of technology adoption theory, e-
Information commerce, and sociology. The findings
Search provide an evolutionary perspective of
Behavior: online travel information search
1995-2000 behavior among and within generational
cohorts. Theoretical and practical
implications are discussed.

14 Dolnicar, S. Travel agency Journal of Travel This paper provides insight into
& Laesser, marketing Research, 46 (2), alternative strategies for travel agencies
C, strategy 133-146 ,(2007) in a matured travel market with a high
insights internet penetration. Discounting
University
arguments that claim that there will be
of St Gallen,
no need for travel agents in future, two
Switzerland,
possible roles for travel agents can be
derived from theory and prior studies in
the field: travel agents can survive if
they focus on specific specialized
services, such as travel consultation
(specialization; hypothesizing that
systematic differences exist between the
usage of travel agents for different travel
contexts), and travel agents can survive
if they focus on specific segments of the
market, such as older travelers
(segmenta-tion; hypothesizing that
systematic differences exist between the
usage of travel agents depending on the
personal characteristics of travelers)

19
15 Kanwal, K., Incredible India BVIMR The paper shows the need of a tourism
& Sheeba, building the Management brand arose,how was it communicated
Ka. country as a Edge, 2, 1, p.48-53 through the digital channel and howwas
(2009) it revamped with changing needs of
tourism brand.
themodern tourist. Yet despite all this,
much smallercountries like
Malaysia,Thailand,Singapore and Hong
Kong than India

16 Ashok Adequacy and Conference on Undertaken to evaluate the adequacy

Patha.k And effectiveness and effectiveness of the official websites
tourism in India-
of Indian of various tourism development
Krishna challenges ahead,
tourism corporations of India. The websites have
Kumar.k Calicut:
been evaluated based on the variety of
websites for IIMK.(2008)
information, online accommodation,
international
travel booking and other facilities and
tourism in
services offered by the websites. The
India.
study reveals startling inadequacies and
gaps in the websites that need to be
bridged.

17 Bhaskar Tourists Indian Journal of The study identifies the motivators of

Rao’s perception tourism and the relationship between
Marketing. 34, 4,
towards the socio-demographic factors of
28-31.(2007)
package tours. tourists and their preference towards
package tours. It finds the propensity of
pleasure of a tourist in packagetour and
considered it as the most important
motivator of tourism.

18 Filipe Factors Indian Journal The Multiple Regression Analysis shows

Rodrigues e influencing Marketing, 34, 9, that the overall impression of the hotel
Melo and performance of 11-15.(2004) depends upon The impression about the
Huger. S.S’s Goa Tourism staff, room services and amenities in the
Development bathroom. It Demonstrates the
Corporation entertainments provided during the
(GTDC): A river cruise.
multiple
regression
analysis.

20
19 Craig Stan, Repositioning Journal Of Traditionally, retail travel agencies have
travel agencies Vacation acted as intermediaries between
PhD
on the Internet Marketing 7(2) · A primary creators/suppliers of travel
University
pril 2001. products and the consumer, largely as a
of Western
function of taking upon themselves the
Australia
transaction costs for the consumer to
find and select appropriate travel
facilitators. Internet-related
technologies dramatically change
transaction costs in communication-
based activities and raise both
challenges and opportunities for this
business sector relating to issues of the
nature and value of intermediation.

20 Alvaro The efficiency International This paper uses an econometric frontier

Matias, of travel journal of tourism model to evaluate the technical
Technical agencies with reaserch efficiency of a sample of Portuguese
University a stochastic travel agencies. The model encompasses
cost frontier: a 16 October (2006)
of Lisbon, a Cobb–Douglas cost frontier approach,
Rua Miguel Portuguese with data running from 2000 to 2004,
Lupi, 20 case study and makes use of financial variables to
1249‐068 generate the travel agencies' efficiency
Lisbon, scores. We conclude that the efficiency
Portuga scores are, at best, mixed. A policy is
then derived for guiding management
teams, as far as this specific sector is
concerned.

21 Mohamme The Impact of Sage journals, The Internet offers a rich atmosphere for
d Abubakar, Travel on Volume: 5 issue: prospective travelers to gain familiarity,
. Travelers 2, page(s): 124- and harvest and retrieve travel-related
Booking and 136(2017 information and resources.The Internet
Reservation offers a rich atmosphere for prospective
Behaviors travelers to gain familiarity, and harvest
and retrieve travel-related information
and resources.

22 Rob Law & How do Asia Pacific In recent years, hospitality and tourism
Truman travelers find Journal of Tourism researchers have presented their
Huang their travel and Research Volume findings of many studies on website
hotel websites 11, (2006) performance and evaluations. Although
these prior studies have achieved a
certain degree of success for assisting

21
 industrial practitioners to develop and
maintain their websites, it remains
largely unknown how consumers find a
specific travel or hotel website

23 Michael A FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL The dynamics of online searching and

Conyette, EXPLAINING JOURNAL OF purchasing is becoming better known
Okanagan HOW MANAGEMENT and understood as researchers study
College CONSUMERS AND MARKETING various products sold via the Web.
PLAN AND RESEARCH Conceptual Framework was developed
BOOK TRAVEL VOLUME 5 showing the connection between online
ONLINE NUMBER 3 2012 searching, planning and booking of
leisure travel products and the
relationship between these variables is
tested using logistic regression. It
confirms that consumers plan then book
travel and that beliefs and attitudes
influence one’s intention to book travel
online. Furthermore, beliefs about travel
agents affect beliefs and attitudes
towards online searching.

Research Gap

The above review of literature points out that many studies have been made on ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, its
features, advantages and limitations. Few Studies are done on the Awareness levels of the Beneficiaries.
But no study is done on the Awareness Levels of Students about APY, particularly in Nalgonda. It would
therefore be appropriate to make such a study to address the gap.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

The Government of India implemented APY from the Financial Year 2015-16. This
explains that the Scheme is very young. It is just 3 years old. For fine-tuning the Scheme and to
plug the loopholes (if any) there is a need to examine the scheme, more particularly from the point
of view of the Beneficiaries. Hence to address the issue/s the present Study “Atal Pension Yojana

22
– Perceptions of the Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries is undertaken. This Study will address
the Research Gap.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Objectives of the study are

 To understand the Scheme of ‘Atal Pension Yojana’

 To examine the Perceptions of the Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries towards the ‘Atal
Pension Yojana’

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The Scope of the study is limited to the Students who are studying Post Graduation Courses in the
Colleges affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The period of the study for the purpose of Primary Data Collection is limited to 3 months i.e.,
January 2018 to March 2018. For the purpose of Secondary Data the inception year of the ‘Atal Pension
Yojana’ and before will be considered.

METHODOLOGY
The following are the details of the Methodology used.

Sources of Data

Both Primary and Secondary Sources are used for collecting the Data for the Study.

Primary Data

23
Primary Data are collected from the beneficiaries / potential beneficiaries by administering a Schedule /
questionnaire. The Sample of the beneficiaries is taken from the Nalgonda Region that is falling under the
jurisdiction of MGU .

Secondary Data

Secondary Sources include the publications of Central Government, PFRDA, Scheme implementing
Organisations and other relevant published data, including the Websites.

Sample Selection

The following is the procedure used for the selection of the Stratified Sample of Beneficiaries. The Sample
will be limited to the Students pursuing their Post Graduation Courses in the various colleges affiliated to
Mahatma Gandhi University. The Sample will be stratified on the basis of the number of students
registered for the PG Courses in M.A, M.Com, M.Sc and MBA initially. The next level of the stratification
will be done on the basis of the geographical area in which the student is studying i.e., Nalgonda, Suryapet,
Yadadri-Bhongir. Further stratification will be based on the Gender factor i.e, Male Students and Female
Students.

For selecting the Sample Size, Krejcie Morgan Model will be used. The basis for the Sample stratification
will be based on the Total number of Students registered in each course (M.A, M.Com, M.Sc) and the Total
Number of Students pursuing their courses from different Geographical Regions (Nalgonda, Suryapet and
Yadadri-Bhongir)

Hypotheses

H0 – There is no Significant Difference in the Awareness Levels and Perceptions of the different
Beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries about Atal Pension Yojana.

H1 – There is a Significant Difference in the Awareness Levels and Perceptions of the different Beneficiaries
/ Potential Beneficiaries about Atal Pension Yojana.

24
Tools for Analysis

Data are analysed by using simple tools such as Ratios, Averages, Percentages, Trend Percentages and
Compounded Annual Growth Rate.

Limitations

The following are the limitations of the study:

4. Since sampling itself suffers from certain inherent limitations, likewise the present study, which
is based on sample, may also suffer from certain limitations on account of the sample procedure.
Limitations of the sample may affect the quality of results.
5. The quality of the service varies from region to region, from branch to branch and even within a
branch from person to person. The study is confined to Students pursuing PG Courses in MGU.
6. Data are collected from those respondents who happened to be present in the College on the
days visited to the College for data collection. The respondents were not selected on a random
sample basis as the limited time was available for completing the Project work.

The study of earlier research work will certainly help the researcher in presenting the report in a
clear and precise manner with valuable suggestions and conclusions. In fact, a brief history of yesteryear’s
reports, surveys and research articles in the similar area helps as a ‘backbone’ for the present study.
Therefore a review of the past, related studies in the field are as important as the present study.

Organisation of the Study

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

In this Chapter, Importance of the study, objectives of the study, period, Methodology, Scope of
the study, sources of data, chapterisation and a brief review of literature are discussed.

25
CHAPTER II: ATAL PENSION YOJANA – AN OVERVIEW

In this chapter, factors leading to the introduction of the ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, an overview about
the scheme are discussed.

CHAPTER III: ‘ATAL PENSION YOJANA’ - AWARENESS LEVELS AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE
BENEFICIARIES / POTENTIAL BENEFICIARIES

In this chapter the Awareness levels and perceptions of beneficiaries / Potential Beneficiaries
towards APY are analysed.

CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS:

In this chapter the summary of findings, the conclusions emerging from them and suggestions are
presented.

26
References

Thesis

1. Michael Chiam, Geoffrey Soutar and Alvin Yeo’s,analytical study Online and Off-line Travel Packages
Preference,A conjoint analysis. International journal of tourism research, 11, 31-
40.(2009)www.interscience.wiley.com

2 .Nicholas Rupp East, Vivek Pai University of California, Case of American Airlines and Online Travel
Agencies Apriil 2014

3. Chakravarthi, J. S. K., Gopal, Venu, IUP Journal of Business Strategy Comparison of Traditional and
Online Travel Services: A Concept Note March 2012

4. Pualo duorte,Online Travel Purchasing: A Literature Review.Journal of Travel & Tourism

Marketing 30(8):755-785 · November 2013

27
5. Narayan B. Prabhu M, Assistant Professor, Sales and Marketing, An exploratory study on online travel
trends and travel behavior of employees working in I.T. organizations in Bengaluru, India.An Online
International Research Journal (ISSN: 2311-3189) 2014 Vol: 1 Issue 3

6. Josefina Olívia Marques Godinho Salvado PhD Student, at University of Aveiro, COCREATION: THE
TRAVEL AGENCIES’ NEW FRONTIER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOURISM & MANAGEMENT
STUDIES – ALGARVE 2011

7.

8. Martin Oppermann,Databased Marketing byTravel Agencies.February 1, 1999

9. Inversini, A., & Masiero, L,Selling Rooms Online: The Use of Social Media and Online Travel
Agents.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2014

10. Dr. Sanjay Bhayani∗ Ravi D Bavaria, AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS
ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCY.Inspira- Journal of Modern Management & Entrepreneurship 125 ISSN : 2231–
167X, Volume 04, No. 04, October, 2014, pp.125-134

11. Ravichandran.K,Traveller’s Perception on travel service providers in an Electronic

Environment,Indian Journal of Marketing Vol. XXXVIII, No.6, June 2008 pg 21-28

12. Matei, E., & Simon,India in Romania’s travel packages. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage,
1, 1. Pp. 32 -38.(2008)

13. Srikanth Beldona,.Cohort Analysis of Online Travel Information Search Behavior: 1995-
2000.journals.sagepub.co (2005)

14. Dolnicar, S. & Laesser, C,University of St Gallen, Switzerland, Travel agency marketing strategy
insights.Journal of Travel Research, 46 (2), 133-146 ,(2007)

15.Kanwal, K., & Sheeba, Ka,Incredible India building the country as a tourism brand. BVIMR
Management Edge, 2, 1, p.48-53 (2009)

16. Ashok Patha.k AndKrishna Kumar.k,Adequacy and effectiveness of Indian tourismwebsites for
international tourism in India.Conference on.tourism in India- challenges ahead, Calicut: IIMK.(2008)

28
17. Bhaskar Rao’s,Tourists perception towards package tours.Indian Journal ofMarketing. 34, 4, 28-
31.(2007)

18. Filipe Rodrigues e Melo and Huger. S.S’s,Factors influencing performance of Goa Tourism
Development Corporation (GTDC): A multiple regression analysis. Indian Journal Marketing, 34, 9, 11-
15.(2004)

19. Craig Stan,PhD University of Western Australia.Repositioning travel agencies on the Internet,Journal
Of Vacation Marketing 7(2) · April 2001.

20. Alvaro Matias, Technical University of Lisbon, Rua Miguel Lupi, 20 1249‐068 Lisbon, Portuga,The
efficiency of travel agencies with a stochastic cost frontier: a Portuguese case study.International journal
of tourism reaserch 16 October (2006)

21. A. Mohammed Abubakar, Department of Management Information System, Aksaray University,

Turkey.The Impact of Travel on Travelers Booking and Reservation Behaviors,Sage journals, Volume: 5
issue: 2, page(s): 124-136(2017.

22.

1. Michael Chiam, Geoffrey Soutar and Alvin Yeo’s,analytical study Online and Off-line Travel Packages
Preference,A conjoint analysis. International journal of tourism research, 11, 31-
40.(2009)www.interscience.wiley.com

2 .Nicholas Rupp East, Vivek Pai University of California, Case of American Airlines and Online Travel
Agencies Apriiil 2014

3. Chakravarthi, J. S. K., Gopal, Venu, IUP Journal of Business Strategy Comparison of Traditional and
Online Travel Services: A Concept Note March 2012

4. Pualo duorte,Online Travel Purchasing: A Literature Review.Journal of Travel & Tourism

Marketing 30(8):755-785 · November 2013

29
5. Narayan B. Prabhu M, Assistant Professor, Sales and Marketing, An exploratory study on online travel
trends and travel behavior of employees working in I.T. organizations in Bengaluru, India.An Online
International Research Journal (ISSN: 2311-3189) 2014 Vol: 1 Issue 3

6. Josefina Olívia Marques Godinho Salvado PhD Student, at University of Aveiro, COCREATION: THE
TRAVEL AGENCIES’ NEW FRONTIER INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOURISM & MANAGEMENT
STUDIES – ALGARVE 2011

7.

8. Martin Oppermann,Databased Marketing byTravel Agencies.February 1, 1999

9. Inversini, A., & Masiero, L,Selling Rooms Online: The Use of Social Media and Online Travel
Agents.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2014

10. Dr. Sanjay Bhayani∗ Ravi D Bavaria, AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS
ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCY.Inspira- Journal of Modern Management & Entrepreneurship 125 ISSN : 2231–
167X, Volume 04, No. 04, October, 2014, pp.125-134

11. Ravichandran.K,Traveller’s Perception on travel service providers in an Electronic

Environment,Indian Journal of Marketing Vol. XXXVIII, No.6, June 2008 pg 21-28

12. Matei, E., & Simon,India in Romania’s travel packages. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage,
1, 1. Pp. 32 -38.(2008)

13. Srikanth Beldona,.Cohort Analysis of Online Travel Information Search Behavior: 1995-
2000.journals.sagepub.co (2005)

14. Dolnicar, S. & Laesser, C,University of St Gallen, Switzerland, Travel agency marketing strategy
insights.Journal of Travel Research, 46 (2), 133-146 ,(2007)

15.Kanwal, K., & Sheeba, Ka,Incredible India building the country as a tourism brand. BVIMR
Management Edge, 2, 1, p.48-53 (2009)

16. Ashok Patha.k AndKrishna Kumar.k,Adequacy and effectiveness of Indian tourismwebsites for
international tourism in India.Conference on.tourism in India- challenges ahead, Calicut: IIMK.(2008)

30
17. Bhaskar Rao’s,Tourists perception towards package tours.Indian Journal ofMarketing. 34, 4, 28-
31.(2007)

18. Filipe Rodrigues e Melo and Huger. S.S’s,Factors influencing performance of Goa Tourism
Development Corporation (GTDC): A multiple regression analysis. Indian Journal Marketing, 34, 9, 11-
15.(2004)

19. Craig Stan,PhD University of Western Australia.Repositioning travel agencies on the Internet,Journal
Of Vacation Marketing 7(2) · April 2001.

20. Alvaro Matias, Technical University of Lisbon, Rua Miguel Lupi, 20 1249‐068 Lisbon, Portuga,The
efficiency of travel agencies with a stochastic cost frontier: a Portuguese case study.International journal
of tourism reaserch 16 October (2006)

21. A. Mohammed Abubakar, Department of Management Information System, Aksaray University,

Turkey.The Impact of Travel on Travelers Booking and Reservation Behaviors,Sage journals, Volume: 5
issue: 2, page(s): 124-136(2017.

22.

31