Hanseniase
INTRODUGAO
[A Moléstia de Hansen (MEH, hansenose ou hanseniase
infectocontagiosa,causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae: este
acomete, inicialmente, 0 sistema nervoso perifrico (SNP):
‘para depois, atingira pele (grupo nio contagiante, paucibaci-
las) (Figura 52.1) ¢, na maioria dos doentes brasleiros, tam-
‘bém acomete os outros drgios e sistemas, exceto 0 sistema
nervoso central (grupo contagiante, multbacilaes).
Hoje, a MII esté incluida nos programas da Organiza-
sto Mundial da Sade (OMS) e do Ministerio da Saide do
Brasil entze as doengas nepligenciadas cpassveis de extinei.
TERMINOLOGIA E HISTORICO
Esta moléstia também & denominada “lepre’, Muitos
paises, incluindo-se o Brasil, adotaram a terminologia “mo-
léstia de Hansen” (ME), ou “hanseniase’, pois o termo antigo
“lepra” €altamente estigmatizante tanto parao doente, quan-
to para sua familia e sociedade. A propésito, até na propria
rea da saide poucos se interessam pelo seu estudo ¢, assim,
io se far diagnéstico precoce, permitindo que o doente evo-
lua com incapacidades fisicas, causa importante para a sua
marginalizagio ou exclusio desde aépaca pré-hilica.
Sampaio, SAP (HC-FMUSP), advoga que a terminolo-
gia “hansenose” seria mais acertada, pois, a palayra com sufi
1x0 ‘ose usada e corresponde As micobacterioses; enguanto,
‘Rotberg, que desenvelveu grande campanha, nacional einter-
nacional, para mudar a teminologia “lepra” para “hansenia-
1191
Leontina da Conceigao Margarido
Evandro Ararighsia Rivitti
se", argumenta gue “embora 0 sulixo ‘jase’ exja inadequado
por releris-se As parasitoses, que nio é o caso desta moléstia,
‘a palavra ‘hanseniase’ é mais eulénica”
Mas Rotberg sempre defendeu que o médico deve “edu-
car” seu doente ao firmar a diagnose de MH dizer-he
“voe® tem moléstia de Hansen; antigamente, era denominada|
“lepra esta terminologia éestigmatizante,afasta 0 doente ©
a familia do (ratamento e das equipes méiicas..” pois se nio
‘0 fizermos “o amigo ou o vizinko, diri “ah isso € leprae,
{oda nossa educagio em saéde seré prejudicada!”.
A palavra “lepra’, uilzada na Septuaginta, tradugio
_prega da Biblia hebraica, corresponde & “tsaradth” e significa
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