EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION

ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS

ECB 4333

EXPERIMENT TITLE:

________________________________

Name :

Student ID :

Group No :

Lab Session :

Date :

Lecturer :

GA’s :
:
:

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

Rubric for Pre-Lab & In-Lab

Course : Advanced Power Systems Date:
Student: Student ID:

Topic Unacceptable Marginal Acceptable Exceptional

(Weight) (0) (1) (2) (3) Points
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Analysis and Preparation Demonstrated little or Demonstrated some Demonstrated Demonstrated
before experiment no ability to conduct ability to conduct adequate ability to superior ability to
(2) experiments. Did not experiments. conduct experiments. conduct experiments.
collect meaningful Collected some Collected most of the Collected all the
information. meaningful needed information. appropriate
information. information.

❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Knowledge & Understanding No understanding of Little understanding Adequate Excellent
(3) the topic and accurate of the topic and understanding of the understanding of the
answer to questions accurate answer to topic and accurate topic and accurate
posed by instructor. questions posed by answer to questions answer to questions
instructor. posed by instructor. posed by instructor.

❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Safety & Health Issues No understanding or Serious deficiencies in Sound understanding Complete
appreciation of safety addressing health and of health and safety understanding of
(1) and health related safety issues leading issues. Mostly health and safety
issues to a unsupported effective in achieving issues leading to
and/or infeasible supported results sound and supported
result results

❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Participation Demonstrated little or Demonstrated some Demonstrated Demonstrated
in Teamwork no ability to function ability to function adequate ability to superior ability to
(If applicable) effectively as effectively as function effectively as function effectively as
(3) leader/team member leader/team member leader/team member leader/team member
during experimental during experimental during experimental during experimental
work work work work

Punctuality
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
(1) >10 minutes late 6-10 minutes late 1-5 minutes late Punctual

TOTAL

Examiner :

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

Rubric for Lab Report

Course : Advanced Power Systems Date:
Student: Student ID:

Topic Unacceptable Marginal Acceptable Exceptional

(Weight) (0) (1) (2) (3) Points
Introduction
• Background ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
• Objective Unable to state the State the introduction Able to state the Able to state the
• Scope introduction clearly with limited introduction with introduction clearly
information minor error
(2)

Theoretical Knowledge/
Literature Review ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Not explained or not Not clearly explained Important knowledge Clearly explained the
(3) related to the project or partially related to are covered but still knowledge and
the project missing some concept. Student
important concept capable of discussing
the theory and
simulated results

Results/Findings/Analysis

(3)
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
No results or Minimum results are Results are presented Results and analysis
plagiarized work are presented and but with minor error are clearly explained
presented analyzed and could still be using relevant tool
improved such as graph , table,
etc.

Report Organization

(2)
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
Report is too difficult Report is easy to Report well written Report very well
to understand with understand with few but occasionally some written and easy to
many grammatical grammatical error and points are difficult to understand
error and not well moderately organized understand. Minor
organized grammatical error

TOTAL

Examiner:

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

PRE-LAB

OBJECTIVE

To understand the operation of power system protection by detecting and isolating fault
discriminatively.

PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

How OCEF relay works?

Explain briefly the meaning of OCEF relay sensitivity and stability.

What is Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) in OCEF relay?

What is Normal Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) characteristics used for OCEF
relay?

What is relay grading margin?

What are the factors that influence relay grading margin?

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

EQUIPMENT MANUAL

TEST EQUIPMENT OPERATING PROCEDURES

A) List of equipment’s.

1. Overcurrent/Earth fault Relay - SEL-751A

2. Current Injection Test Set – Sverker 780

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

B) Normal Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) characteristics equation

0.14 x TMS
t=
fault current .
  −1
setting current

fault current .

  − 1 t
setting current
TMS =
0.14

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this experiment is to investigate the operation, inverse characteristic and to determine
the purpose of the time and plug settings for overcurrent relays in electrical supply systems. By
configuring these settings correctly, and by coordinating the operation of the relays, it is possible
to isolate the smallest section of the system in the shortest time possible, thereby minimizing
unnecessary disruption to other consumers whilst preventing damage to equipment within the
faulty section.

THEORY

Power system protection is a crucial aspect in designing a reliable power system network. Its main
objective is to isolate the faulty section of electrical power system from the rest of the system so
that the faulted part will not affect the normal part of the system. Actually circuit breaker isolates
the faulty part from rest of the healthy system and this circuit breakers automatically open during
fault condition due to its trip signal coming from protection relay.

One of the power system protection requirement is selective. It is the ability of the protection
system to select the right protective device to trip in order to disconnect the faulted part of the
system from the rest of it. There may be some typical condition during fault for which some relays
should not be operated or operated after some definite time delay. For example power system
network in Figure 1. Fault occurred at CB2 branch, the circuit breaker CB2 should operate instead
of circuit breaker CB1 and CB3. If circuit breaker CB2 failed to operate then the circuit breaker
CB1 should trip. In other words, supposedly when fault occurred at CB2 branch the protective
system should isolate the faulted portion only without affecting the rest of the system.

Another requirement is that the protective relays must operate at the required speed. Fault current
may flow through a part of healthy portion since they are electrically connected but relays
associated with that healthy portion should not operate faster than the relays of faulty portion
otherwise undesired interruption of healthy system may occur. Again, if relay associated with
faulty portion is not operating in proper time due to any defect in it or other reason, then only the
next relay associated with the healthy portion of the system must be operated to isolate the fault.
Hence it should neither be too slow which may result in damage to the equipment nor should it be
too fast which may result in undesired operation. Hence, for the case of faulty system as in Figure
1, the circuit breaker setting for CB2 should be set in such a way that it will trip faster compared
to CB1.

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

Figure 1 Fault occurring at branch CB2

PROCEDURE

1. Study the circuit diagram in Figure 2. CB1 is the incoming relay while CB2 is the outgoing relay.
Make the primary connection between CB1 and CB2 in series as shown in Figure 2 to simulate
fault at CB2.

Figure 2 Connection of CB1 and CB2 in series

2. Set up the relay and current injection according to following details.

Relay Details:
Brand: SEL Rated Amps: 1A
Type: SEL-751A Vaux: 240V
Serial No: 3141570175 CT Ratio: 100/1A
3141570176
3141570177
3141570178

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

Workstation 1

Accelerator QuickSet Software setting of CB1:

Element 1
Maximum Phase Time Pickup Value (51P1P), Isetting 0.11
Overcurrent Curve (51P1C) C1
Time Dial (51P1TD), k 0.15
EM Reset Delay (51P1RS) N
Constant Time Adder (51P1CT) 0.00
Minimum Response Time 0.00
(51P1MR)
Maximum Phase Time Overcurrent 1
Torque Control (SELogic)
(51P1TC)

Accelerator QuickSet Software setting of CB2:

Element 1
Maximum Phase Time Pickup Value (51P1P), Isetting 0.1
Overcurrent Curve (51P1C) C1
Time Dial (51P1TD), k 0.2
EM Reset Delay (51P1RS) N
Constant Time Adder (51P1CT) 0.00
Minimum Response Time 0.00
(51P1MR)
Maximum Phase Time Overcurrent 1
Torque Control (SELogic)
(51P1TC)
* k is TMS (time multiplier setting)

Example for calculation:

Iinject = 15A
Isetting = 10A
Operating time at CB1 and CB2:
0.14 ×
=
!"#$%&' .
!  −1
(%''"#)
0.14 × 0.2
=
15 .
+10- −1
= 3.44/

3. Run the test i.e. by injecting 15A from SVERKER current injector and observe the tripping time
for both relay.

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 EXPERIMENT 3: PROTECTION
ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS LAB ECB 4333

4. Re-calculate the correct setting for relay at CB1 and CB2 for correct discrimination. The margin
between both relay supposed to be as shortest as possible.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Relay

Current
injector Computer

Figure 3 Relay, current injector and computer

Figure 4 Current transformer

Figure 5 Connection from current injector to current transformer

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