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Numerical Methods

Introduction to Fourier Series

Part: Introduction to Fourier


Series

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Lecture # 1
Chapter 11.01: Introduction to
Fourier Series

Major: All Engineering Majors

Authors: Duc Nguyen

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Numerical Methods for STEM undergraduates

9/4/2010 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu 5
Background
The following relationships can be readily
established

T T
∫ sin( kw0t ) dt = ∫ cos(kw0t ) dt = 0 (1)
0 0

T T T
∫ sin ( kw0t ) dt = ∫ cos ( kw0t ) dt =
2 2
(2)
0 0 2

6 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

T
∫ cos(kw0t ) sin( gw0t )dt = 0 (3)
0
T
∫ sin( kw0t ) sin( gw0t )dt = 0 (4)
0
T
∫ cos(kw0t ) cos( gw0t ) dt = 0 (5)
0

7 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.
w = 2πf
0 (6)
1
f = (7)
T
Where f and T represents the frequency
in (cycles/time) and period (in seconds) respectively.
A periodic function with a period T should satisfy
the following equation:

f (t + T ) = f (t ) (8)
8 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.
Example 1
Let
T
A = ∫ sin( kw0t )dt (9)
0

 1 
= − [cos(kw0t )]0
T

 kw0 
9 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

 −1 
A =  [cos(kw0T ) − cos(0)] (10)
 kw0 
 −1 
=  [cos(k 2π ) − 1]
 kw0 
=0

10 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.
Example 2
T
Let B = ∫ sin 2 (kw0t )dt (11)
0

Recall
1 − cos(2α )
sin (α ) =
2
(12)
2
T
1 1 
B = ∫  − cos(2kw0t ) dt (13)
o 2 2 
11 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

T
 1   1  1  
=  t −    sin( 2kw0t )
 2   2  2kw0  0

T 
sin( 2kw0T ) − [0]
1
B= − (14)
 2 4kw0 
12 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.
T  1 
= −   sin( 2k * 2π )
2  4kw0 
T
=
2
Example 3
Let
T
C = ∫ sin( gw0t ) cos(kw0t )dt (15)
0
13 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

Recall that

sin(α + β ) = sin(α ) cos( β ) + sin( β ) cos(α )


(16)

C = ∫ [sin[( g + k )w0t ] − sin( kw0t ) cos( gw0t )]dt (17)


T

0
14 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

= ∫ sin[( g + k ) w0t ]dt − ∫ sin( kw0t ) cos( gw0t )dt (18)


T T

0 0
T
C = 0 − ∫ sin( kw0t ) cos( gw0t )dt (19)
0

Adding Equations (15), (19),


T T
2C = ∫ sin( gw0t ) cos(kw0t )dt − ∫ sin( kw0t ) cos( gw0t )dt
0 0

= ∫ sin[( gw0t ) − (kw0t )]dt = ∫ sin[( g − k ) w0t ]dt


T T

(20)
0 0

15 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Background cont.

2C = 0,

since the right side of the above equation is zero


Thus,
T
C = ∫ sin( gw0t ) cos(kw0t )dt = 0 (21)
o

16 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
THE END

http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Acknowledgement

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This material is based upon work supported by the National


Science Foundation under Grant # 0717624. Any opinions,
findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
The End - Really

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