4 types of Tissues

• Epithelial: covers body, lines cavity

Connective Tissue
and Membranes • Connective: supports, protects, binds

10/9/09 • Nervous: transmits information

• Muscle: contracts to cause movement

Connective Tissue
Outline
Connective Tissue • Supports, binds and protects, insulates, transports
• Characteristics • Most diverse, widely distributed and abundant
• 4 classes of connective tissue
– Proper, cartilage, bone, blood

Membranes
• Characteristics
connective
• 4 types tissue cartilage bone blood
– Cutaneous, Mucous, Serous, Synovial proper

Characteristics of connective tissue 4 classes of connective tissue

• Common origin (mesenchyme)
• Vascular
• 3 components: Connective Blood
Bone
1. ground substance Extracellular Tissue Proper Cartilage
2. fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular) matrix
Red
3. cells Osteoblasts to and
Loose Dense osteocytes white
Cell types Extracellular matrix Hyaline
blood
Macrophage Ground substance Areolar Regular cells
Elastic
Fibers
• Collagen fiber Adipose Irregular Fibrocartilage
Fibroblast
Lymphocyte • Elastic fiber Reticular Elastic
• Reticular fiber Chondroblasts to
Fat cell -“blast”
Mast cell Capillary Fibroblasts among chondrocytes
Neutrophil many others -“cyte”
Figure 4.7

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 1. Connective Tissue Proper 1. Connective Tissue Proper
Variety, anything but cartilage, bone and blood Variety, anything but cartilage, bone and blood
Loose
What: 3 fiber types, fibroblast, macrophages, Dense
adipocytes
Areolar Fxn: wraps and cushions organs, inflammation, What: collagen fibers in parallel, fibroblast
energy storage Fxn: stress, attachment
Where: around organs, under skin
Regular
Where: tendons and ligaments

Fat What: like areolar, but adipocytes

Fxn: energy fuel, absorb shock, insulate
(adipose)
Where: under skin, abdomen, breast
What: collagen fibers in no pattern, fibroblast
Fxn: tension in all directions, structural strength
Irregular Where: capsules of joints and organs,
What: reticular fibers, reticular cells
Reticular outer layer of skin
Fxn: stroma that supports other cells
Where: lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

2. Cartilage 3. Bone (osseous tissue)

tension and compression, support and flexibility Support and protection
Matrix: 80% water! (resistance), sulfates + acid + collagen
fibers (strength)
Cells: chondroblast  chondrocytes Matrix: calcium salts + collagen fibers = hard
Cells: osteoblast  osteocytes

Membrane: periosteum
osteocytes
Blood supply and nerves
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
What: most abundant What: more elastic fibers What: less firm matrix
Fxn: Support, compression Fxn: more flexibility Fxn: compression
Where: embryonic skeleton, Where: ear, epiglottis Where: intervertebrae
ribs, trachea, nose, larynx disks, menisci of the knee

4. Blood
Outline
Fluid in blood vessels, transport
Connective Tissue
Plasma (matrix)
Common origin: mesenchyme • Characteristics
3 common components:
• 4 classes of connective tissue
– Proper, cartilage, bone, blood
1. Ground substance: plasma
2. Fibers: proteins in plasma
Membranes
3. Cells: red and white blood cells
• Characteristics
Red blood cells • 4 types
white blood cells – Cutaneous, Mucous, Serous, Synovial

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Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Proper 4 types of membranes

1. Cutaneous
2. Mucous
Membranes 3. Serous
• Continuous multicellular sheets composed of at least two 4. Synovial
tissue types: epithelium bound to underlying connective
tissue proper.
• Organs
• Cover and line body

1. Cutaneous Membranes 2. Mucous Membranes

Mucosa of
nasal cavity
Lines body cavity open to exterior
Mucosa of
(ie. digestive, respiratory, mouth
• Skin urinary, reproductive tracts) Esophagus
• Layers Layers lining
Mucosa of
1. Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized) 1. Stratified squamous or
simple columnar epilthelium lung bronchi
2. Dense irregular connective tissue
2. Loose connective tissue
• Not moist (lamina propina)
• Function: protection 3. Smooth muscle

Function: secrete mucous (except for urinary system) to help

move substances along tract
Figure 4.11a Figure 4.11b

3. Serous Membranes 3. Serous Membranes

Lines ventral body cavities (closed to • 3 types according to location:
exterior)
Layers:
1. Simple squamous epithelium Pleura: thoracic, lungs
2. Loose connective (areolar) tissue
Two layers of membrane

Pericardium: heart
Function: secrete serous fluid between
membrane layers so they can slide Peritoneum
to reduce friction on organs
peritoneal cavity
(abdominopelvic)
Figure 4.11c Figure 4.11c

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 Summary
Next time
• The 4 classes of connective tissue are
connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and
blood. Each has a unique composition of matrix Skin
and cells that fit their functions. (integumentary system)

• Membranes consist of epithelium and

connective tissue proper. Cutaneous, mucous
and serous membranes line different parts of the
body. Each has different structures for their
specific functions.