L1: Greetings (Pagbati) Maligayang Kaarawan (sa iyo) (familiar)

Lesson 1: Greetings (Pagbati) Maligayang Kaarawan (sa inyo) (polite/formal)

Everyday More:
Hi! http://mylanguages.org/tagalog_phrases.php
Hi!
NOTES:
Hello! Tagalog has what is called a "T-V" distinction, in other
Hello! words, the speaker must be conscious of his or her
Kumusta! social standing and which forms are the most suitable
in any given situation. Use the 2nd personal SINGULAR
How are you? forms with peers and children, in other words, persons
Kumusta ka? (familiar) close to your age or younger. Use the 2nd personal
Kumusta (po) kayo?* (polite/formal) PLURAL forms with elders, people of higher social rank
or strangers adding "po".
Thank you
Salamat (po) * - The use of the politeness particle "po" (pronounced
/poʔ/ with a final glottal stop) will depend on your
Thank you very much social standing with the person addressed. When in
Maraming salamat (po) doubt use it, unless the person addressed is fine
without it.
You're welcome
Walang anuman ** - Not a common English phrase, but Filipinos are
very much aware of the time of day. So, when it is about
Welcome! noon time, it is good to use this phrase.
Maligayang pagdating!

Good morning Cellphone Tagalog

Magandang umaga (po) A key to the shortcuts and abbreviations used in
text and email messages and on the Internet.
Good noon**
Magandang tanghali (po) d2 = dito "here"
q = ko "my/I"
Good afternoon nmn/nman = naman (a particle)
Magandang hapon (po) n = na "now,already"
cge = sige "good bye, go on ahead"
Good evening x2 = (repeat x), e.g., "da2la" = "dadala" "will bring"
Magandang gabi (po) c = si (name article, particle)
cno = sino "who"
Nice to meet you, Pleasure to meet you bk = baka "maybe"
Ikinatutuwa/Natutuwa akong makilala ka (familiar) kc = kasi "because"
Ikinatutuwa/Natutuwa akong makilala (po) kayo kua = kuya "older brother/cousin"
(polite/formal) lau = layo "far"
d = di, hindi "not, no"
Seasonal s = sa "at, in, on, etc."
Happy new year cya = siya "he, she" (3rd person singular pronoun)
Manigong Bagong Taon sna = sana "should"
p = pa "yet, still"
Merry Christmas tau = tayo "we"
Maligayang Pasko kau = kayo "you (plu)"

Special Occasions
Happy birthday (to you)
Tagalog Loans from Spanish (Castilian) and the
Americas
After hundreds of years of colonization, Spanish (most
notably, Castilian) has influenced many if not all the
indigenous languages of the Philippine islands. This is
why many ask or wonder if Tagalog is derived from or
a descendent of Spanish. Tagalog is very much a
Philippine language of Austronesian stock.
Many Spanish, and Native American words, via the
galleon trade between Acapulco Mexico and Manila,
have been adopted into the Tagalog lexicon. Many were
adopted during the modern Spanish era. Although the
loans may not be written the same because of Tagalog's
phonology, they still resemble the original word. Others
might not be so evident because they were in use
before many of the sound changes that make up
modern Spanish took hold.
Words Adopted Only in the Plural
Many words, it seems, were adopted only in their plural
forms, but are singular in meaning. As can be seen, they
commonly occur in pairs, in bunches or in groups.
 aretes - earrings, From "arete" earring, pl.
"aretes".
 alahas - jewelry. From "alhaja" jewel, gem, pl.
"alhajas".
 bayabas - guava. From "guayaba" guava, pl.
"guyabas".
 kamatis - tomato. From "tomate", tomato, pl
"tomates".
 lansones - fruit of the lansium parasiticum, a
mahogany tree. From "lanzón" the fruit of the
tree mentioned, pl. "lanzones".
 mansanas - apple. From "manzana", pl.
"manzanas", apple.
 oras - hour. From "hora" hour, pl. "horas".
 patatas - potato. From "patata" potato, pl.
"patatas".
 piras - pear. From "pera" pear, pl. "peras".
 sardinas - sardine. From "sardina" sardine, pl
"sardinas".
 sapatos - shoe. From "zapato" shoe, pl.
"shoes".
 tsinelas - slipper. From "chinela" slipper, pl.
"chinelas".
 ubas - grape. From "uva" grape, pl.
Words Adopted with Sound Changes
A number of words were adopted with a few sound
changes. These words entered the language early on in
the history of the two languages and can give some
insight into the early phonology or Tagalog.
Changes:
 /l/ instead of /r/ (/r/ was an allophone of /d/
in older Tagalog)
 /s/ in place of /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ of Middle Spanish that
became /x - h/ of Modern Spanish
 /u/ for /o/ and /i/ for /e/
 albulariyo - folk doctor, witch doctor. From
"herbolario", herbalist.
 asukal - sugar. From "azucar", sugar.
 kuha - get, obtain, retrieve. From "coger", to
catch, get, obtain.
 imahe - image. From "imagen", image.
 litrato - picture. From "retrato", portrait.
 lola - grandmother. From "abuela",
grandmother.
 lolo - grandfather. From "abuelo", grandfather.
 mare - child's godmother, or close female
friend. From "comadre", child's godmother.
 pare - child's godfather, or close male friend.
From "compadre", child's godfather.
 pari - father (of the church). From "padre",
father.
 piraso - piece, fragment. From "pedazo", piece.
 pista - party. From "fiesta", festival.
 pulubi - poor. From "pobre", poor.
 relo - watch, clock. From "reloj", watch, clock.
 sugal - game of chance; to gamble. From
"jugar" to play.
 sugarol - gambler. From "jugador", player (in a
game).
 sabon - soap. From "jabón" soap.
 silbi - useful. From "servir", to serve.
 sundalo - soldier. From "soldado", soldier.
 sombrelo - hat. From "sombrero", hat.
 umpisa - to start, begin. From "empieza",
he/she/it starts, begins.
Words Adopted with a Change in Meaning
Words in this category either retain an older meaning
or their meaning shifted on. An example of semantic
shift in English is the Germanic word *hund. In German
it means "dog", but in English it is a specific type of dog,
a "hound".
 ariba - improve. From "arriba", above.
 asar - annoy. From "azar", to roast.
 asta - to make rude gestures. From "hasta",
until.
 artista - actor, actress. From "artista", artist.
 baho - foul smell, stench; mabaho - foul
smelling. From "bajo", low.
  barkada - clique, gang, crowd. From
"barcada", boat load. According to history of
this word, workers used to come in boats. And,
as time went on, bonds grew on those boats.
 konyo - rich, vain. From "coño", vagina.
 kumusta - hi, hello, How are you? How are
things?. From the greeting "¿Cómo está(n)?",
How are you? It has displaced "Gaano ka?"
which has the same meaning.
 kursonada - concern, emotional attachment.
From "corazonada", hunch.
 kuwalta - money, coin. From "cuarta", a coin
with the value of 1/4 of a Spanish dollar or
Piece of Eight. The word is only used in a few
idioms, e.g. "a la cuarta", short on money.
 madre - nun. From "madre", mother.
 padre - priest. From "padre", father.
 pera - money. From "perra", penny. (Used in
Iberian Spanish)
 punta - destination; pumunta - to go
(somewhere). From "puntar", to punctuate.
 sige - to go ahead, continue; goodbye. From
"sigue", he follows, he continues.
 siguro - maybe, perhaps. From "seguro", sure,
secure; lock.
 siyempre - of course. From "siempre", always.
Words that Were Once Phrases
These words were once phrases. In Tagalog, the words
have fused and become one.
NG vs. NANG
Both of these words are pronounced "nang". When to
use one or the other can be confusing even for native
speakers.
The following are a few guidelines on when to use each.
NG
Maybe because this word is used the most is the reason
why it's the shortest and written "ng". It is used
primarily with nouns and noun phrases. It marks the
following:
 Genitive - To show possession, e.g., bahay ng
bata (the child's house).
 Object of actor focus verbs - Non-actor verbs
are verbs that have the following affixes:
"mag-", "mang-", "-um-", "maka-", "ma-", "nag-",
"nang-", "na-" or "naka-". When they take a
direct object, the object is marked with "ng".
Example: Bumili ako ng saging (I bought
bananas).
 alas - at (some specified time). From "a las", at
(some specific time). It is only used in this
context.
 asikaso - pay attention. From "hacer caso", to
pay attention.
 lamesa - table. From "la mesa", table.
 maski - even, even if, even though, although.
From "(por) más que", as much as, now archaic
in Modern Spanish.
Words that have Native American Origins
Many of these words are those of items whose origins
are from the Americas.
 bayabas - guava. From "guayaba" guava, pl.
"guyabas". (Carib)
 kamatis - tomato. From "tomate", tomato, pl
"tomates". (Nahuatl)
 mani - peanut. From "maní", peanut. (Carib)
 nanay - mother. From "nanatl", mother.
(Nahuatl)
 patatas - potato. From "patata" potato, pl.
"patatas".
 sayote - chayote. From "chayotl",
chayote. (Nahuatl)
 singkamas - jicama. From "xicamatl",
jicama. (Nahuatl)
 tatay - father. From "tatatl", father. (Nahuatl)
 Actors of non-actor focus verbs - Non-actor
focus verbs are verbs that have other affixes
not mentioned above. Their actors are marked
with "ng", e.g. kinain ng aso ang homework
ko (The dog ate my homework).
NANG
This word is used to introduce adverbial compliments
and accompanies verbs and adjectives. It indicates the
following:
 Introduce a Past Time - Similar to saying
"when" or "on" and mentioning a time frame,
e.g., Nang araw na iyon dumating si
Magellan (On that day Magellan arrived)
 Purpose - Used instead of "upang" or "para",
e.g., Ginulat ko nang tumakbo sila (I startled
them so they would run)
  Manner - To show how something was done, Can you get my book? (The English translation
e.g., Kumain sila nang madali (They ate is a question, but exemplifies how this particle
quickly). softens commands)
 Extent - To show the degree of something, 5. din, rin (after vowels): too, also
e.g., Mainit nang kaunti (It's a bit Nakita niya rin siya.
hot/warm); Uminon sila nang marami (They He saw her, too.
drank much/a lot). 6. lamang (lang): limiting particle; only or just
 Repeated Words - A repeated word indicates Bumili lang ako ng sapatos.
multiple occurrences or intensification, I only bought shoes.
e.g., Umiyak nang umiyak ang bata (The child 7. daw, raw (after vowels): a reporting particle
cried and cried) that expresses that the information in the
sentence is second-hand; they say, he said,
reportedly, supposedly, etc.
Nanalo daw si Pacquiao.
They say Pacquiao won.
MODAL VERBS Word has it that Pacquiao won.
Gusto 8. hô and pô: politeness, respect particle. pô being
Nais the most respectful.
Ibig Kumusta ho kayo?
Dapat How are you (ma'am, sir)?
Kailangan 9. ba: used in yes-and-no questions and
Dapat optionally in other types of questions
Kaya Ganito ba?
Puwede Is it like this?
Maaari 10. muna: for now, for a minute and yet (in
negative sentences).
Teka muna.
Wait for a minute.
Particles 11. namán: used in making contrasts; softens
Particles do not necessarily have a distinct meaning on requests; emphasis
their own. They are used in sentences to convey the Ikaw naman ang nag-ubos ng gatas!
speaker's attitude. But, you're the one who finished the milk!
1. na and pa 12. kasí: expresses cause; because
 na: now, already, yet 13. kayâ: expresses wonder; I wonder; perhaps
ex. Pumunta na siya sa eskuwela. (we should do something) (also optionally
He/she has already gone to school. used in yes-and-no questions and other forms
 pa: still, else, in addition, yet of questions)
ex. Hindi ako pa kumain. Dumulaw kaya si lola Maria.
I haven't eaten yet. I wonder if grandma Maria came by.
2. man, kahit: even, even if, even though 14. palá: expresses that the speaker has realized
Kahit magbayad ka, hindi ako sumali. or suddenly remembered something;
Even if you're paying, I'm not joining in. realization particle
3. bagaman: although Si Pedro pala ang nakita nila.
Bagaman wala siya ng pera, nanuod siya ng So, it was Pedro whom they saw.
sine. 15. yatà: expresses uncertainty; probably,
Although he didn't have money, he say a perhaps, seems
movie. Umuwi yata si Juan.
4. ngâ: indeed; used in affirmations or emphasis. (I'm not sure but) Juan might have gone home.
Also softens imperatives 16. sana: expresses hope, unrealized condition
Tingnan mo nga iyan! (with verb in completed aspect), used in
Take a look at that! conditional sentences.
Pilini mo sana ang pula.
Kunin mo nga ang libro ko. You should have chosen the red one.
Particle order
1. na / pa
2. ngâ
3. din ~ rin
4. daw ~ raw
5. pô / hô
6. ba
The particles na and pa cannot be used in conjunction
with each other as well as pô and hô.