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Inheritance
Lesson 1 – An Introduction to our Driving Question
Our objectives for today:
1. Explain what a disease is.
2. Describe trends you see on a map.
3. Explain how a sickle cell is different from a normal red blood cell.
Observations about a NORMAL red blood cell Observations about a SICKLE red blood cell
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Using Prior Knowledge: Explain how sickle cells are different from normal cells.
Pick a sickle cell statistic that stands out to you. Write it in the space below:
Think About It: Why did you pick this statistic? What about it was interesting or intriguing?
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What is a trait?
A gene is …..
Examples of genes:
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Family #1
Complete the table with traits about each individual in the family.
Mom Dad Daughter
Identify where you think the daughter got each trait exhibited from.
Family #2
Now a three generational family is shown. Identify traits in common between each parent and it’s
offspring.
What traits do the grandparents have (Charles and Diana) that have been passed on but skipped a
generation?
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Activity 2: Puppies!
We will now be focusing on hair color in dogs.
Phenotype:
Genotype:
Example #1
Phenotype Genotype Guess
Mom
Dad
Puppy
Example #2
Phenotype Genotype Guess
Mom
Dad
Puppy
Puppy
How is it possible that two black dogs can have a brown puppy?
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Chromosome Chromosome
Allele Expression Allele Expression Trait
from Father from Mother
F Freckles f No Freckles
D D
Dimples Dimples
b Blue B Brown
Alleles are different versions of a gene, while genes are specific locations on your chromosomes
that carry information about your traits.
Fill in what each of the 5 traits is above. Then, as a class let’s define the following words.
Allele
Dominant
Recessive
Heterozygous
Homozygous
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Complete the following table with this individuals genotypes and phenotypes.
Freckled Skin
Dimples
Tongue
Dexterity
Hairline
Eye Color
Based on the information provided, can we determine this individual’s sex? Why/why not?
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Last unit we created our own ideal monster. Even though the monsters that are members of the
Barosko Monster Sanctuary look very different, they are able to breed. You have already determined
the phenotype of your monster, now it’s time to determine the genotype of our monster and do some
chromosome mapping to create our monster’s chromosomes. Our monsters have 3 pairs of body
chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
Using the table below, determine if your monster has the dominant or recessive phenotype. If your
monster has the dominant phenotype, you will need to roll the dice to determine if your monster is
heterozygous or homozygous for their dominant trait. If you roll EVEN your monster is heterozygous,
and if you roll ODD your monster is homozygous dominant.
My Chromosome
Allele
Trait Phenotype Monsters Location
Letter
Genotype
Body Plump Recessive Chromosome 1,
A, a
Type Skinny Dominant Location 1
Leg 2 legs Recessive Chromosome 2,
R, r
Number 4 legs Dominant Location 2
Big Recessive Chromosome 1,
Wings Q, q
Small Dominant Location 2
Head Triangle Recessive Chromosome 2,
T, t
Style Circle Dominant Location 1
Eye Blue Recessive Chromosome 1,
B, b
Color Green Dominant Location 4
Short Recessive Chromosome 1,
Snout P, p
Long Dominant Location 3
Freckles Recessive
Chromosome 3,
Freckles No F, f
Dominant Location 1
freckles
Red cR cR Chromosome 3,
Skin Incomplete
Blue cB cB Location 3
Color Dominance
Purple cR cB Chromosome 3,
Spots sP sP Location 2
Skin
Stripes CoDominant sT sT Chromosome 2,
Design
Both sPsT Location 3
Hair Hairy Recessive H, h Chromosome 3,
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L1 L1
L1
L2
L2
L3 L2
L3
L4 L3
L4
C1 C2 C3
Y
X
Warm Up
The letter A codes for attached vs. unattached ear lobes. Unattached earlobes are dominant.
The letter B codes for blue vs. brown eyes. Brown eyes are dominant.
The letter Q codes for cleft vs. smooth chin. Cleft chin is dominant.
The letter D codes for acne prone vs. clear skin. Acne prone skin is dominant.
Q q q q
d d D D
Let’s say this couple has a second child, will they have the same or different traits as their older
sibling? Why?
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What is Meiosis?
Mitosis is used for almost all of your body’s cell division needs. It adds new cells during
development and replaces old and worn-out cells throughout your life. The goal of mitosis is to
produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to their mothers, with not a single
chromosome more or less.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of sex
cells, or sperm in males and eggs in females. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as
many chromosomes as the starting cell.
To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cell—
one with two sets of chromosomes—to haploid cells—ones with a single set of chromosomes. In
humans, the haploid cells made in meiosis are sperm and eggs. When a sperm and an egg join in
fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new genome.
To remember the purpose of meiosis, just remember that meiosis is the process that made me. You
wouldn’t exist if your parent’s sex cells hadn’t undergone meiosis to make haploid sex cells.
Mother Cell
2. Using your colored beads, assemble the following for the mother’s DNA:
a. One unreplicated chromosome that is 8 beads long.
b. One unreplicated chromosome that is 6 beads long.
c. One unreplicated chromosome that is 4 beads long.
How should you use the beads you have to distinguish between DNA from mom vs. dad?
3. Draw your unreplicated chromosomes in a cell. Use colors and label the chromosomes that
came from mom and dad.
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
4. During ___________ of the cell cycle. DNA is replicated. Use the remainder of your beads to
replicate all the chromosomes. Draw the result below.
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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5. During Meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Model this
with your beads and draw this picture in the space below (use color to show exactly how it
appears).
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
What are three other ways the chromosomes could line up during Meiosis I to produce different sex cells?
Law of ________________________________________
6. Using your beads, model the cells after Meiosis I and draw the results below (again, color your
picture to show exactly how it appears):
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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7. During Meiosis II, the replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Model and draw
how your replicated chromosomes would line up in each cell.
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
8. Using your beads, model the cells after Meiosis II and draw the results below.
In each cell:
_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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Crossing Over
1. During Meiosis I, when homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing over occurs. Your teacher
will help you model crossing over.
2. Complete all stages of Meiosis and draw the result below.
SUMMARY WHAT I LEARNED THE MAIN TAKEAWAY THIS RELATES TO SICKLE CELL
TABLE BECAUSE…..
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1. You will draw out the chromosomes with the genes labeled for each stage of meiosis.
a. Choose one color to designate chromosomes you got from your father and another
color to designate chromosomes from the mother.
2. Please take you monster through all of meiosis and form the resulting sex cells.
3. Once you’ve formed the sex cells, find another individual in the class to mate with your
monster. PICK A RANDOM SEX CELL TO USE IN THE MATING EVENT.
a. Remember: Each monster baby needs a mother and a father—if you cannot find someone of
the opposite sex to mate with, one monster can undergo a spontaneous se change in order to
facilitate the mating event.
4. When you and another individual have had a successful mating event, take your offspring
through meiosis again.
Synthesis
Before Meiosis
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Offspring Cell
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Now take your offspring through meiosis again. Carry the colors from the parent cells through
meiosis (there should be 4 colors of chromosomes in your offspring).
8. How many chromosomes did the sex cell of the offspring come from…
Mother _____? Father ______?
MEIOSIS I
Cell divides
______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
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MEIOSIS II
Cell divides
______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
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One of the ways that meiosis increases genetic diversity is by the law of independent assortment.
This law states that alleles (different versions of the same genes) on separate chromosomes are
divided up during meiosis independently of one another. Thus each homologous pair lines up
randomly and independent of the other pairs.
Fertilize each possible sex cell with a cell that’s alleles are yr. What are the possible genotypes of
the offspring?
If a cell containing 28 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each
daughter cell have?
Before After
Place the following pictures in the order that meiosis happens in.
Use this station to work on any previous stations you did not complete, or to start work on another
stations.
Use the pool noodles to model meiosis on the floor. Have each member of your group model meiosis
for the other members. Be critical of each other—make sure everyone can model meiosis correctly.
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A karyotype is a picture of the chromosomes in a cell. In order to get this picture, chromosomes are
isolated from their cells and stained so that we can see them better. Scientists then match the
chromosomes together based on size and place them in order from largest to smallest.
Normal Karyotype
_________ pairs of body chromosomes
_________ pair of sex chromosomes
Ordered from _____________ to ______________
Chromosomes are matched in their ___________________________________.
Now using C-E-R you will write a conclusion explaining what disease your individual’s karyotype shows.
Claim: A statement that answers the question being asked.
Evidence: Data or observations that support the claim.
Reasoning: The reason why your evidence supports the claim.
Meiosis Mitosis