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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
COURSE OUTLINE
Module Title
Introduction to Extension & Rural Development
Module Code
SAAE211
Programme in
BSc Agriculture (Agribusiness Management)
which the module is
BSc Agriculture (Agronomy)
offered
BSc Agriculture (Animal Science)
Year of offering
2nd
SAQA Credits
15
NQF level
6
Name of Lecturer /
Dr M. Sibanda
Lecturers
2017
University of Zululand Department of Agriculture Private Bag X1001 KwaDlangezwa
3886
Dear Student
Role playing of each learner is recorded and contributes to the attainment of group
learning goals.
Written work and assignments are well structured as stipulated on module guide.
Sources used are acknowledged (referenced).
Deadlines for submitting work are observed.
Given guidelines are followed.
All written work is typed and printed with page numbers and stapled together.
Factors affecting your score include grammar, spelling, correct citation of authorities
and organization.
Failure to turn in submission when they are due will result in a mark of 0. If you do not
submit on time, you will not be permitted to re-submit (with exceptions of valid
reasons).
The following are the Lecturer’s and role players’ contact details:
Lecturer’s
and role players’ contact details
Role player
Name
Contact details
Lecturer
Dr. M. Sibanda
Email: sibandamelusi@yahoo.co.uk /X
SibandaM@unizulu.ac.zaX
Tel: 0359026068
Class
Representative(s)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1
2. MODULE PURPOSE 2
3. MODULE OUTCOMES 2
Work schedule 3
5. NOTIONAL HOURS 4
6. CONSULTATION TIMES 4
7. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 4
7.5 Practicals 6
7.6 Tutorials 6
8. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 6
GENERIC OUTCOMES: These are critical cross-field outcomes that inform all
teaching and learning as stipulated by SAQA Regulations.
organise and manage themselves and their activities responsibly and effectively;
identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and creative thinking;
collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information;
use science and technology effectively and critically showing responsibility towards
the environment and the health of others; and
1
MODULE PURPOSE
MODULE OUTCOMES
Explain how agricultural extension developed globally and nationally with reference to South
Africa;
Discuss the philosophy and patterns of extension world-wide and in Southern Africa;
Explain the educational processes achieved through the adoption diffusion model;
Understand and describe how the different participatory extension methods can be applied
to real life situations;
Assess needs, constraints of farmers and possible solutions to problems using different
participatory methodologies (PRA, RAAKS, and RRA).
2
4.1 Work schedule
The content of the module will be administered through expository lectures three (3)
one hour lecture period per week, class question-answer sessions and group work
following this work schedule:
Work schedule
WEEK
THEME
CONTENT OUTLINE/TOPIC
READING/SUPPORT/
LEARNING MATERIAL
1-2
Topic A:
Introduction to
· The basic concept in extension
1.
Study guide notes.
agricultural
and rural development.
2.
Lecture notes.
extension.
· The history and philosophy of
3.
Recommended readings
agricultural extension.
extension.
· Extension systems.
3-4
Topic B:
Communication
· The communication process.
1.
Study guide notes.
extension.
How successful extension worker
3.
Recommended readings
communicate.
5-6
Topic C:
Applied learning
· Adults as learners.
1.
Study guide notes.
theory in
· Condition for conducive learning.
2.
Lecture notes.
Agricultural
· Face to face model.
3.
Recommended readings
extension
· Adoption and diffusion model.
7-8
Topic D:
Participation of
· Self-reliance Participatory
1.
Study guide notes.
farmers in Extension
Development.
2.
Lecture notes.
Programmes.
3.
Recommended readings
9 - 10
Topic E:
Agents of change
· Alternative approaches to
1.
Study guide notes.
organizing extension.
2.
Lecture notes.
3.
Recommended readings
11
Topic F:
Using rapid or
· Participatory methodologies
1.
Study guide notes.
Participatory Rural
(PRA, RAAKS, RRA)
2.
Lecture notes.
Appraisal.
3.
Recommended readings
(See section 12).
12
All Topics:
Revision and
· All Module Content
1. Notes and presented work.
Consultations.
exercises.
3.
Study guide notes.
4.
Lecture notes.
5.
Recommended readings.
Attendance register will be signed at the end of each lecture period.
3
NOTIONAL HOURS
Notional hours is the number of hours that the module has been allocated in the timetable.
Learning hours are hours that are used for the learning activities and assessment of the
module such as lectures, tutorials, practicals, presentations, independent study etc. The
Table below summarises the notional hours for this module:
Notional Hours
Contact Study
Notional Hours
Self-Study
Notional Hours
Lectures
45
Lecture related
30
Practicals
Practical related
10
Fieldwork
Assignments
15
Tutorials
35
Revision
5
Guided Revision
5
Assessments
5
Total (Contact Study)
85
Total (Self-Study)
65
Total (Notional hours)
150
CONSULTATION TIMES
The lecturer will be available for consultation and discussion on the following days:
Monday to Friday – Check free slots on the timetable. Dr. M. Sibanda: Office – HA2
(Agriculture).
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Assessment will be continuous and will be both formative and summative. Formative
assessments will not be awarded marks and summative assessment will be awarded
marks that will contribute to passing the module. Continuous assessment will be through a
coherent written review paper and a research proposal on a related topic and presentation
of the review paper and research proposal to peers.
Learners shall be entitled to remarking and scrutiny of scripts, as provided for in the
University General Rules.
4
7.3 Rules and requirements during assessment activities
100% participation is mandatory. Students will pass if the total mark for the module is greater
than or equal to 50% and a distinction will be obtained
7.3.2 Leave of absence shall only be granted to learners in exceptional circumstances and in
accordance with University rules.
Table 1 shows the types of assessments and criteria to be administered during the course of
the learning with their mark weightings and estimated dates.
Presentations.
Description
Value
Date
Assessment
Formative
Summative
Recap/review
-Question and
0%
answer session to
foster
understanding
Assignments
10%
Submission:
23 February 2017*
st
before 14:00hrs (1 Ass.).
06 April 2017*
nd
before 14:00hrs (2 Ass.).
Tutorials
-Group
Written tutorial exercises
40%
presentations on
various topics
Major Tests
50%
(Test1 + Test2)
and venue to be announced).
announced).
DP
40%
May 2017
Examination
60%
May/June 2017
Final Mark
(DP + Examination)
100%
June 2017
* N/B: These are tentative dates they may change in the course of the learning.
5
7.5 Practicals
There will be no contact study related practicals in this module but only tutorial
sessions.
7.6 Tutorials
There will be one (1) three hour tutorial session period per week. Check official
timetable for the tutorial times and venue.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Students will be assessed not only on knowledge and insight into extension and rural
development, but also on their ability to apply this to case studies and real life
situation. A variety of assessment methods and strategies will be employed to
provide a comprehensive reflection of the learner’s development in this module.
Discuss the philosophy and patterns of extension worldwide and in Southern Africa.
Should be able to outline and briefly describe/explain the adoption and diffusion
model.
Should be able to explain the educational processes achieved through the adoption
diffusion model.
Should be able to identify the the advantages and disadvantages of NGOs. Should
be able discuss the reasons to emphasize women in developmental programmes.
Should be able to briefly describe how the different participatory extension methods
can be applied to real life situations - Participatory methodologies (PRA, RAAKS,
RRA).
6
8.1 Assignment Mark Schedule
The following Table shows the criteria to be used in the review of assignments:
Assignment component
Mark
allocation
Structure of assignment and technical workmanship
10
(Cover page with necessary information, table of contents,
size).
Introduction
10
(Subject well introduced, introduction of major concept (s), what
Language
10
(Grammar, spellings and sentence construction).
Logic
10
(Flow of ideas, connectedness of ideas to one another).
Subject matter
40
(Was the question answered, is the information provided
relevant).
Conclusion
10
(Summary of discussion linked to the introduction, critical thought
Referencing
10
(Harvard style, correct in-text citation, listing all relevant
references).
Total
100
Use 12 Point font size, 1.5 line spacing (0pt Before and After) unless stated otherwise.
Use the default size page margins in Microsoft Word (1.25" left and right and 1" top
and bottom).
Number of pages may vary but in this module a minimum of 2 pages is recommended
– This is excluding the cover page, table of contents, list of tables/figures and list of
References.
Use the University approved assignment cover page (See Table 2).
7
10. REFERENCING STYLE
Both Harvard and APA referencing styles can be used in the writing of tasks. Visit
https://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/harvard_quick_guide_tcm44-47797 and www.apastyle.orgX
Use the University approved assignment cover sheet to submit your assignments
The following are the prescribed books/reading materials for the module:
Oakley, P. & Garforth, C. (1985). Guide to Extension Training. Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Recommended Readings
Christine Edmunds, Kip Lowe, Morna Murray, and Anne Seymour (2002). The
ultimate educator: Achieving maximum adult learning through training and
instruction. – Chapter 3: Ultimate adult learning. Available online:
https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/educator/files/chapter3.pd f X
8
Anandajayyasekeram, P. Pusskur, R., Sindu Workneh and Hoekstra, D., 2008.
Concepts and practices in agricultural extension in developing countries: A source
book. IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Washington, DC, USA
and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya.
Singh B.B. & Mishra O.P. (2007). Agricultural Extension Education. Diffusion and
Adoption of Agricultural Innovations. Available online: https://www.google.co.za/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad =rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj--
5Ol5ZDKAhUGuBQKHRA2CQQQFggbMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnsdl.niscai r.res.in
%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F651%2F1%2Frevised%252 0diffusion
%2520and%2520adoption%2520of%2520agricultural%2520innovat i
ons.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFXhFC8oW4vvwOuTN_s8fafhV3rNw&sig2=cq71JVHB
xjTPQSNIRIkGEw X
Carney, D., 1998. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. What contribution can we make?
London: Zed Books Pp. 3- 39.
Duvel, G.H., 2000. Towards an appropriate extension approach for agricultural and rural
th
development in South Africa. Proceedings of the 34
Fair, T.J.D., 1998. African Rural Development in Six Countries. Paper No 61 Pretoria:
Africa Institute Research.
Jones, G.E., and Garfourth, C, 1997. The history development , and future of
agricultural extension. In Swason, B.E., Bentz, R.P. and Sofranko, A.J. (eds).
Improving Agricultural Extension. A reference Manual. Food amd Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations: Pp. 3-20.
Seevers, B., Graham, D., Gammon, J., and Conklin, N., 1997. Education Through
Cooperative Extension. London: Delmar Publishers. Pp. 121-164.
These could include stationery, prescribed books, recommended readings etc. and
any other item needed for the course.
9
Table 1: Assessment Criteria
Learning outcomes
Assessment criteria
Assessment methods
Ø
A. History and
Ø
Define and describe
Ø
Written Tutorial exercises
philosophy of agricultural
basic concepts in
and presentations per
extension.
extension and rural
week.
development;
Ø
Two (2) written
Ø
Explain how agricultural
assignments.
extension developed
Ø
Two (2) Tests; Test 1 at
Africa;
the sixth week.
Ø
Discuss the philosophy
Ø
Final examination at the
world-wide and in
(see section 7.4 for dates)
Southern Africa;
Ø
B. Communication
Ø
Discuss principles and
extension.
process as the basis of
extension;
Ø
C. Adoption and
Ø
Explain the educational
diffusion model.
processes achieved
diffusion model;
Ø
D. Participation of
Ø
Understand and describe
farmers in Extension
how the different
Programmes.
participatory extension
Ø
E. Self-reliant
Ø
Assess needs,
Participatory
constraints of farmers
Development.
and possible solutions to
Ø
F. Agents of change.
problems using different
Ø
G. Alternative
participatory
approaches to
methodologies (PRA,
organising extension
RAAKS, and RRA).
Ø
H. Using rapid or
Participatory Rural
Appraisal
Ø
I. Participatory
methodologies (PRA,
RAAKS, RRA).
10
Table 2: Assignment Cover Sheet
FINAL %
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Student Number
Module Title
Module Code
Assignment Topic
Due Date
Name of Lecturer
Lecturer’s Remarks
11