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Rates of
Reactions
Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates, including
how reaction rates change with varying conditions and
which molecular events occur during the overall reaction.
Guiding Questions:
Δ[O 2 ]
Rate of formation of O2 =
Δt
Δ[NO 2 ]
Rate of formation of NO2 =
Δt
Δ[N 2 O 5 ]
Rate of decomposition of N2O5 = −
Δt
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We can relate these expressions by taking into
account the reaction stoichiometry.
The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the orders of the reactant
species fromLearning.
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rights reserved. determined rate law. !21
For the reaction
? acidic solution:
H2O2(aq) + 3I−(aq) + 2H+(aq) →
I3−(aq) + 2H2O(l)
The rate law for the reaction is
Rate = k[H2O2][I−]
½ −1
1 0
2 1
4 2
?
The isomerization of cyclopropane to
propene is a first-order reaction with a
rate constant of 9.2/s. If an initial
sample of cyclopropane has a
concentration of 6.00 M, what will the
cyclopropane concentration be after
1.00 s?
[A ]t = e −9.2 = 1.01× 10 −4
[A ]0
[A ]t = 1.01× 10 −4 (6.00 M )
[A ]t = 6.1× 10 −4 M
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The half-life of a reaction, t½, is the time it takes for
the reactant concentration to decrease to one-half
of its initial value.
y = mx + b
y = mx + b
y = mx + b
1 1
Second Order : = kt +
[A]t [A]0
For a second-order reaction, a plot of 1/[A]t versus t is
linear. The y-intercept is 1/[A]0.
k = Zfp
where
Z = collision frequency
f = fraction of collisions with the minimum energy
p = orientation factor
p N2 + O
er Products
m ΔH = 167 kJ
ol
N 2O
Reactants
Progress of reaction
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Rate constants for most chemical reactions closely
follow an equation in the form
Ea
−
k = Ae RT
⎛ k2 ⎞ Ea ⎛ 1 1⎞
ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟
⎝ k1 ⎠ R ⎝ T1 T2 ⎠
⎛ k2 ⎞ Ea ⎛ 1 1⎞
ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟
⎝ k1 ⎠ R ⎝ T1 T2 ⎠
⎛ k2 ⎞ Ea ⎛ 1 1⎞
ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟
⎝ k1 ⎠ R ⎝ T1 T2 ⎠
Rate = k[NO2][F2]
Rate = k[Cl][O3]