AP Physics Physics C Exam - Mechanics 1993 Solutions to Multiple Choice

BASIC IDEA S OLUTION ANSWER

dv
#1. Def. of acceleration a= A
d t

v + vf v + vf 0 + 30
#2 vav = i vav = i = = 15m/s D
2 2 2
∆x = v av t ∆x = v av t = 15(6) = 90 m

#3 Components package must have the same horiz comp. of v as the plane D
vplane

v
v 2
1
vplane = v1 2 - v2 2 by pythagorean theroem

#4 Newton's 2nd Law F = ma, net force is in the same direction as the acceleration B
-vi

direction of ∆v and a are the same, and

v by Newton's second law the net force is
∆v f
also in the same direction

#5 Newton's 3rd Law Action Reaction pair C

#6. Conservation of Energy K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 now K = 0 at the highest point so we have… B

50J + 50J = U2 = 100J Since this is twice the potential energy of the
ball at 10m and U = mgh, the ball must be at twice the height, that is at
20 m.

#7. for SHM F = -kx × )at x = 0 velcity is at its maximum

A C
elimination might ×
B ) at x = 0 F = 0 ∴ a = 0
be the best approach C) clearly xmax = A
× ) at x = A v = 0
D
× ) at x = A F is at its max in size ∴ a is at its max. size
E
1
#8. U = 2 kx2 ∴at x = 0 U = 0 A
#9. Newton's 2nd Law F = ma weight F = mg Net force is weight of 0.30 kg. (take g = 10m/s2 ) D
(0.30)(10) = (0.30 + 0.60 +.60)a
3
a = 1.5 = 2 m/s2

#10. P= F •v P = Fv cos 0° = Fv (1) E

4 = F(2) and it follows that F = 2 N

#11. elastic collision Ki = Kf D

1 1 1
conservation of p m(10) = 2 m(6)2 + 2 mv 2
2
2
64 = v2
v = 8 m/s
Perhaps you remember that elastic collision between equal mass striking at an
angle come off at 90°. (see simple collisions of pool balls) That makes it easy or…
Since there was no initial y component of the momentum there can be none
afterwards. 0 = m(6sin53°) - m(8sinθ) where θ is taken below the horizontal
solving gives θ = 37°

1
#12. Ceentripetal Force To achieve the appropriate centripetal force (that is to hold on) we have C
at I Fant + mg = Fcent. and Fant = Fcent. - mg
at II Fant = F cent.
at III Fant - mg = Fcent. and Fant = Fcent. + mg clealy the largest

#13 F = ma F cent. = mrω2 E

v2
a= From #12 Fant = Fcent. + mg = mrω2 + mg
r
v = rω

#14. U = mgh Since Wnet = ∆K and here ∆K = 0 there is no net work and the weight lifter C
must do the negative of the work of gravity. Or simply by the conservation of
energy the increase in U ,with ∆K = 0, must come from the work of the
weight lifter.

#15. Cons. of Energy Total energy at x1 = U + K = -2J + 1J = -1J. Since at xo and x2 the potential E
energy alone is 0 and kinetic energy cannot be negative, the object cannot
reach these points.

#16. Cons. of Momentum pi = p p + pballon D

0 = mp vp + Mvballoon
m
vballoon = - p v p since mp < M vballon< v p
M

∆p
#17. F= F∆t = ∆p A
∆t

B
#18. ∆U = - ∫ F . ds In a conservative field the work associated in motion from place to place A
A
consvative field is not path dependent.

#19. vf = v i + at At max elevation v must be zero and acceleration is still that of gravity D
which is downward, therefore negative compared to the initial velocity

#20. ωf2 = ωi 2 + 2α∆θ ωf2 = 0 + 2α∆θ , for one revolution ∆θ = 2π radians, then C
ωf = 2α2π = 4απ

2 v 3
#21. cons. of momentum pi = pf therefore mvo = 5 m(- o ) + 5 mv E
2
solving for v gives v = 2vo

Mm Mm M
#22. F=G 2 G 2 = ma so a = G 2 to keep a constant when M is doubled C
r r r
F = ma rnew2 must = 2r 2 and it follows that r new = 2 r

#23. ΣF = 0 mg + 2Fs = 0 A
F s = - kx mg +2(-kx) = 0
mg (1.2)(10)
k= = = 40 N/m
2x 2(.15)

#24. x = Asin(ωt + δ) note taht the max velocity depends only on A and ω. Neither one A
v = Aωcos(ωt + δ) can be changed.
k
for a spring ω=
m

2
 -v 2
#25. vf2 = v i 2 + 2a∆y At the top the y component of v must be zero therefore ∆ymax = i C
2g
Since the spring is the same the velocity leaving the gun is the same, but
2
now, the vertical component is vi sin 45° which is vi so in the equation
2
1
the upward initial velocity squared is vi 2 (2 ) so the height is half as great.

l top Itopω Itop mL2 + mL2 1

#26. l = Iω = = = = E
l bottom Ibottomω Ibottom 2m(2L)2 + 2m(2L)2 8
I = Σmi ri 2

#27. acceleration of gravity constant and downward for entire path. C

#28. force of gravity constant and downward for entire path D

#29. observation Clearly the center of mass, or average location of mass, is closer to B
the larger mass

#30. I = Σmi ri 2 to get a maximum value you wnat the larger mass at the largest radius. E

Mm
#31. U = -G When r is large U is very small. As the object falls with time r becomes D
r
smaller and U rapidly becomes a negative number of large magnitude

#32. cons of angular r1 p1 = r2 p2 A

momentum r1 mv1 = r1 mv2
r
l=r×p v2 = 1 v 1
r2

L L
#33. T = 2π T2 = 4π 2 if the period is half T2 must be one fourth. This can be A
g g
accomplished by making L one fourth. (note mass of bob and amplitude
don't affect the period. This eliminate choices C,D,E, and without a calculation
you can see that L must be decreased.)

N
F
5m
µN 3m
mg cos θ
θ

θ θ
mg 4m
mg sin θ pythagorean theorem gives the hypoteneuse

#34. ΣF = 0 Parallel to the plane we have: F - F - mgsin θ = 0 B

F = µN F - µmgcos θ - mgsin θ = 0
3 4
components sin θ = 5 and cos θ = 5 then F - .3(5)(10)(.8) - 5(10)(.6) = 0
F = 42 N

#35. equilibrium for first case l1 m - l2 M1 = 0 second case l1 M2 - l2 m = 0 E

l2 M1
torque solve the frist for l1 = and substitute in the second to get
m
l2 M1
Στ = 0 M2 - l2 m = 0 solving for m gives m = M1 M2
m
3