4400 341: Introduction to Communication Systems

Spring 2017
Solution to Homework Assignment #6:

1) Figure 1 shows the Fourier spectra of signals and . Determine the Nyquist intervals and
the sampling rate for the signals , , , , and . (25 points)
Hint: Use the frequency convolution and the width property of convolution

Figure 1
The bandwidth of and are 5 and 12 kHz respectively. Therefore the Nyquist sampling
rate is 10 kHz for and is 24 kHz for .
Also
,
and from the width property of convolution the bandwidth of is twice of and that of
is times the bandwidth of . Similarly the bandwidth of is the sum of
the bandwith of and . Therefore the Nyquist rate is 20 kHz for , kHz for
, and 34 kHz for .
2) Signals and are applied at the inputs of the ideal low-pass filters
and , as shown in Figure 2. The outputs and
of these filters are multiplied to obtain the signals , Find the Nyquist rate of
, , and . Use the convolution property and the width property of convolution to
determine the bandwidth of . (30 points)
g1(t) y1(t)
H1(f)
y(t)=y1(t)y2(t)
X
g2(t) y2(t)
H2(f)

Figure 2

From figure above, it’s obvious that the bandwidth of and are 10 and 5 kHz and from
the width property of convolution the bandwidth of is the summation of
two signal’s bandwidth: kHz. Hence, the Nyquist rates for
three signals are 20, 10 and 30 kHz respectively.
3) A compact disc (DC) records audio signals digitally by using PCM. Assume that the audio signal
bandwidth equals 15 KHz.
3-a) If the Nyquist samples are uniformly quantized into L= 65,536 levels then binary-coded,
determine the number of binary digits required to encode a sample. (5 points)
65,536=216, so that 16 binary digits are needed to encode each sample.
3-b) If the audio signal has average power of 0.1W and peak voltage of 1V, find the resulting
signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of the uniform quantizer output in part (a). (15
points)
Given and , . Thus

3-c) Determine the number of binary digits per second (bits/s) required to encode the audio signal.
(5 points)
The bandwidth is 15 kHz. Hence, the Nyquist rate is 30 kHz.
3
30×10 [kS/s] × 16 [bit/S]= 480 kbit/s.
3-d) For practical reasons discussed in class, signals are sampled at a rate above the Nyquist rate.
Practical CDs use 44,100 samples per second. If L= 65,536, determine the number of bits per
second required to encode the signal. (5 points)
65,536=216, so that 16 binary digits are needed to encode each sample.
44.1×103 [kS/s] × 16 [bit/S]= 705.6 kbit/s.

4) A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5MHz. The signal is sampled, quantized
and binary-coded to obtain a PCM signal.
4-a) Determine the sampling rate if the signal is to be sampled at a rate 20% above the Nyquist
rate. (5 points)
The bandwidth is 4.5 MHz. Hence, the Nyquist rate is 9 MHz. The actual
sampling rate is 1.2×9=10.8 MHz.
4-b) If the samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the number of binary pulses required
to encode each sample. (5 points)
1024=210, 10 bit or binary pulses are needed to encode each sample.
4-c) Determine the binary pulse rate (bits per second) of the binary-coded signal. (5 points)
10.8×106 [MS/s] × 10 [bit/S]= 108 Mbit/s.