1.

Friction between the tendon

and its surrounding material
is the length effect and is
sometimes described as
wobbling effect. Friction due
to length effect depends on
the length, stress in the
tendon (cable) and the
6.
coefficient of friction between
7. If N is the normal component
the contact materials.
of F, we have
2. Curvature effect is caused by
the friction due to designed 8.
curvature of the cable. Loss 9. If is the coefficient of
due to these effects is friction, frictional loss =
estimated as follows: dF=
3. Consider a small length of 10. Frictional loss due to
the cable. Let ds be its length wobble effect is calculated as
and R be the radius of 11. dF = –KFds
curvature. (Figure below). 12. where K is coefficient
4. Let be the angle of wave effect.
subtended at the centre by 13. Therefore, total
the length ds. frictional loss = dF
5. Let F be prestress at one end =
and F – dF the prestress at
14. or
the other end.
15. if F is the prestress at a
distance S subtending an
angle , integrating the
above equation between
limits F and Fx, we have
16.
17. Value of and K may
be taken as follows:
18. There are several
means of reducing or
balancing the loss of
prestress due to creep.
19. In the post
tensioned beams several
cables are provided. The
cables are stretched in
succession. When a cable
is stretched, this cable
suffers no loss, but the
cable stretched before
suffers a loss due to
prestress in the cable
being stretched. Thus the
cable which is stretched
first will suffer maximum
loss due to stretching of
(n – 1) cables where n is
the total number of
cables. The cable
stretched last will not
suffer any loss. To
calculate the loss due to
elastic shortening, loss in
the first cable is
calculated and half of this
value is taken as the
average loss of all the
cables.
20. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
21. Loss due to
22. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
23. Loss due to
24.
25. vc) Creep of Concrete:
26. Creep is the time
dependent deformation due
to permanent force. In
prestressed concrete,
 prestress is the permanent girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable
force in the member, causing concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And
compressive stress at the an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If
level of steel. Hence there is prestress is measured at the time
creep strain in the member. of pulling the wire, the stress is
termed as the jacking stress.
27. relaxation of steel
Deducting the loss due to
TOTAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS: anchorage take-up and friction,
28. elastic shortening initial prestress is obtained.
29. shrinkage of concrete Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
30. creep of concrete
namely:
31. relaxation of steel
Loss due to
and Specifications Clear Span 48 ft Clear width
29 ft Live Loading HS20 Concrete strength fc ’
3000 psi Future protective cover 15 pf Grade 40
reinforcement The bridge will consist of six c
girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable Elastic strain =
concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And
an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If is the stress in concrete at the
prestress is measured at the time level of steel.
of pulling the wire, the stress is
Loss in prestress = creep strain
termed as the jacking stress.
x
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
namely:

Loss due to x