Electromagnetic Theory - GATE 2010-2017

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY SOLUTIONS
GATE- 2010
Q1. An insulating sphere of radius a carries a charge density

 r   0 a 2  r 2 cos  ; r  a .
The leading order term for the electric field at a distance d, far away from the charge
distribution, is proportional to
(a) d-1 (b) d-2 (c) d-3 (d) d-4
Ans: (c)
1 1 
Solution: V r     d  2   cos d   ,
r V r 
a  2
Ist term,   d     0  a  r  cos   r sin  drd d  0
2 2 2
0 0 0
a  2
IInd term,   cos  d     0  a  r  cos   r sin  drd d  0 .
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1
 V 2
 E 3
r r
Q2. Two magnetic dipoles of magnitude m each are placed in a plane as shown in figure.
m
The energy of interaction is given by
45 o 2
0 m 2
(a) Zero (b)
4d 3 d
3 0 m 2
3 0 m 2 45 o
(c) (d) 
2d 3 8d 3 m 1
Ans: (d)
0 
Solution: U  m1  m2  3m 1  rˆ m 2  rˆ ,
4r 3

   
Since m1  m2  m1  m2  0  U  0 3  3  m cos 45 0  m cos 45 0
4d
 

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3 m 2
U   0 3 .
8 d
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 3 and 4:
Consider the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linear, homogenous and isotropic
material medium with electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ.
Q3. For a plane wave of angular frequency ω and propagation vector k propagating in the
medium Maxwell’s equations reduce to
(a) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(b) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(c) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(d) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
Ans: (d)
Q4. If ε and μ assume negative values in a certain frequency range, then the directions of the
propagation vector k and the Poynting vector S in that frequency range are related as
(a) k and S are parallel
(b) k and S are anti-parallel
(c) k and S are perpendicular to each other
(d) k and S makes an angle that depends on the magnitude of |ε| and |μ|
Ans: (a)





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Q5. Consider a conducting loop of radius a and total loop resistance R placed in a region with
a magnetic field B thereby enclosing a flux 0. The loop is connected to an electronic
circuit as shown, the capacitor being initially uncharged
 C


 

   
 Vout

 


If the loop is pulled out of the region of the magnetic field at a constant speed u, the final
output voltage Vout is independent of
(a) 0 (b) u (c) R (d) C
Ans: (a)
GATE-2011
Q6. If a force F is derivable from a potential function V(r), where r is the distance from the
origin of the coordinate system, it follows that
(a)   F  0 (b)   F  0 (c) V  0 (d)  2 V  0

Ans: (a)
Q7. Tow charges q and 2q are placed along the x-axis in front of a grounded, infinite
conducting plane, as shown in the figure. They
are located respectively at a distance of 0.5 m and
1.5 m from the plane. The force acting on the
0 .5 m q 2q
charge q is   x
1 .5 m
7q 2
1 1 2
(a) (b) 2q
4 0 2 4 0
1 1 q2
(c) q2 (d)
4 0 4 0 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: Using method of Images we can draw equivalent figure as shown below:





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 2q q 0 .5 m 0 .5 m q 2q
    x
1 .5 m 1 .5 m
q  2q q 2q  q 7q 1 7q 2
F       
4 0  12 12  2 2  4 0 2 4 0 2
Q8. A uniform surface current is flowing in the positive y-direction over an infinite sheet
lying in x-y plane. The direction of the magnetic field is
(a) along iˆ for z > 0 and along  iˆ for z < 0
(b) along k̂ for z > 0 and along  k̂ for z < 0
(c) along  iˆ for z > 0 and along iˆ for z < 0
(d) along  k̂ for z > 0 and along k̂ for z < 0
Ans: (a)
Q9. A magnetic dipole of dipole moment m is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field B . If
the position vector of the dipole is r , the torque acting on the dipole about the origin is

(a) r  m  B  (b) r   m  B 
(c) m  B (d) m  B  r   m  B  
Ans: (c)
Q10. A spherical conductor of radius a is placed in a uniform electric field E  E 0 kˆ . The

potential at a point P(r, θ) for r > a, is given by
E0 a 3
Φ(r, θ) = constant – E 0 r cos   cos 
r2
where r is the distance of P from the centre O of the sphere and θ is the angle OP makes
with the z-axis P
The charge density on the sphere at θ = 30o is r
(a) 3 3 0 E 0 / 2 (b) 3 0 E 0 / 2 
O k̂





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(c) 3 0 E 0 / 2 (d))  0 E 0 / 2
Ans: (a)
V  2E a 3 
Solution:    0   0  E 0 cos   03 cos   .
r r a  r  r a
3 3
   0  E 0 cos   2 E 0 cos      3E 0  0 cos   3E 0  0 cos 30 0   0 E0
2
Q11. Which of the following expressions for a vector potential A DOES NOT represent a
uniform magnetic field of magnitude B0 along the z-direction?
(a) A  0, B0 x,0 (b) A   B0 y,0,0 
 B0 x B0 y   B0 y B0 x 
(c) A   , ,0  (d) A    , ,0 
 2 2   2 2 
Ans: (c)
 
Solution: B    A .
Statement for Linked Questions 12 and 13:

A plane electromagnetic wave has the magnetic field given by
 k 
B x, y, z , t   B0 sin x  y    t  kˆ
 2 
where k is the wave number and iˆ, ˆj and kˆ are the Cartesian unit vectors in x, y and z
directions respectively.
Q12. The electric field E  x, y, z , t  corresponding to the above wave is given by

(a) cB0 sin  x  y 
k  iˆ  ˆj
  t
  
(b) cB0 sin  x  y 
k  iˆ  ˆj
  t
 
 2  2  2  2
 k   k 
(c) cB0 sin  x  y    t  iˆ (d) cB0 sin  x  y    t  ˆj
 2   2 
Ans: (a)





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c  k  xˆ  yˆ    x  y k
 c 
Solution: E   k  B   
k k
   B0 sin 
 
 t  zˆ 
2  2  
  k  xˆ  yˆ 
E  cB0 sin  x  y   t 
 2  2
Q13. The average Poynting vector is given by
(a)

cB02 iˆ  ˆj  (b) 
cB02 iˆ  ˆj   (c)
cB02 iˆ  ˆj  (d) 
cB02 iˆ  ˆj  
2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
Ans: (d)
 cB02 cB02  xˆ  yˆ   cB02  xˆ  yˆ 
Solution: S  ˆ
k     
2 0 2 0  2  2 0  2 
GATE-2012
Q14. The space-time dependence of the electric field of a linearly polarized light in free space
is given by xE0 cost  kz  where E0, ω and k are the amplitude, the angular frequency
and the wavevector, respectively. The time average energy density associated with the
electric field is
1 1
(a)  0 E 02 (b)  0 E 02 (c)  0 E 02 (d) 2 0 E 02
4 2
Ans: (a)
1 1 1
Solution: u E   0 E 2   0 E 2 cos 2 wt  kz   u E   0 E 02
2 2 4
Q15. A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in free space is incident normally on a glass plate
of refractive index 3/2. If there is no absorption by the glass, its reflectivity is
(a) 4% (b) 16% (c) 20% (d) 50%
Ans: (a)





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2 2
 n  n2  1 3/ 2  1 4
Solution: R   1        .04 or 4%
 n1  n2  1 3/ 2  4 25

Q16. The electric and the magnetic field E  z , t  and B  z , t  , respectively corresponding to the

scalar potential   z , t   0 and vector potential A z , t   iˆtz are
   
(a) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt (b) E  iˆz and B  ĵt
   
(c) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt (d) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt
Ans: (d)
 
  A A   
Solution: E      iˆz , B    A   ˆjt .
t t
Q17. A plane polarized electromagnetic wave in free space at time t=0 is given
 
by E  x, y   10 ˆj expi6 x  8 z  . The magnetic field B x, z , t  is given by
 1
 
(a) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct 
c
 1
 
(b) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct 
c
 1
 
(c) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  ct 
c
 1
 
(d) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  ct 
c
Ans: (a)
 1  k  
 1

Solution: B  kˆ  E    E  
c c k
 1  6iˆ  8kˆ 
c  10 
 10


ˆjexp i k .r  t 

 
 1
 
B  6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct ,   10c.
c





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Q18. Two infinitely extended homogeneous isotopic dielectric media (medium-1and medium-2
1 
with dielectric constant  2 and 2  5 , respectively)
0 0
medium - 1
meet at the z = 0 plane as shown in the figure. A uniform
electric field exists everywhere. For z ≥ 0, the electric field
 medium - 2 z=0
is given by E1  2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ . The interface separating the
two media is charge free. The electric displacement vector
in the medium-2 is given by

(a) D 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ  
(b) D 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ 
(c) D 2   4iˆ  6 ˆj  10kˆ 
0 (d) D 2   4iˆ  6 ˆj  10kˆ 
0
Ans: (b)
 E1  E 2  E 2  2iˆ  3 ˆj
1  2  5 ˆ 
and  f  0  D1  D2  E 2  E1  k  2kˆ  E 2  2iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ
2 5
 

 D2   2 E 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ . 
GATE-2013
Q19. At a surface current, which one of the magnetostatic boundary condition is NOT
CORRECT?
(a) Normal component of the magnetic field is continuous.
(b) Normal component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous.
(c) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous.
(d) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is not continuous.
Ans: (d)





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Q20. Interference fringes are seen at an observation plane z  0 , by the superposition of two
 
  
 
plane waves A1 exp i k1  r  t and A2 exp i k 2  r  t , where A1 and A2 are real 
amplitudes. The condition for interference maximum is
     
 
(a) k1  k 2  r  2m  1 (b) k1  k 2  r  2m  
     
 
(c) k1  k 2  r  2m  1 (d) k1  k 2  r  2m  
Ans: (b)
Q21. For a scalar function  satisfying the Laplace equation,  has

(a) zero curl and non-zero divergence
(b) non-zero curl and zero divergence
(c) zero curl and zero divergence
(d) non-zero curl and non-zero divergence
Ans: (c)
 
 2  0  .   0 and      0 .  
Q22. A circularly polarized monochromatic plane wave is incident on a dielectric interface at
Brewaster angle. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The reflected light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence and the transmitted
light is circularly polarized.
(b) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the
transmitted light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence.
(c) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the
transmitted light is elliptically polarized.
(d) There will be no reflected light and the transmitted light is circularly polarized.
Ans: (c)





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Q23. A charge distribution has the charge density given by   Q x  x 0     x  x0  . For
this charge distribution the electric field at 2 x0 ,0,0
2Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ

(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 0 x02 4 0 x03 4 0 x 02 16 0 x02
Ans:
Solution: Potential V  r  
1   x

a '
dx  
a  x'
 
a  x'
    
   a x3    
2
x dx x dx ....
4 0   a x x2 
  a 
First term, total charge

x0 x0
QT     x dx  Q    x   x 0 dx   Q    x   x 0 dx   Q  Q  0

 x0  x0
Second term, dipole moment

x0 x0
p   x   x dx  Q  x   x   x 0 dx   Q  x  x   x 0 dx   Qx 0  Q   x 0  2Qx 0

 x0  x0
2Qx 0 V 4Qx 0 4Qx 0 Q

V E xˆ  xˆ  xˆ  xˆ
4 0 x x 4 0 x 4 0 2 x 0  8 0 x 20
2 3 3
Q24. A monochromatic plane wave at oblique incidence undergoes reflection at a dielectric

interface. If kî , kˆr and n̂ are the unit vectors in the directions of incident wave, reflected
wave and the normal to the surface respectively, which one of the following expressions
is correct?
 
(a) kî  kˆr  nˆ  0  
(b) kî  kˆr  nˆ  0
(c) kˆ  nˆ  kˆ
i r 0 (d) kˆ  nˆ  kˆ
i r 0
Ans: (c)





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Q25. In a constant magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla along the z direction, find the value of the path

integral  A  dl in the units of (Tesla m 2 ) on a square loop of side length 1 / 2 meters.  
The normal to the loop makes an angle of 60 0 to the z-axis, as shown in the figure. The
answer should be up to two decimal places. ___________
60 o
ẑ
Ans: 0.15
 
2
  1  1
Solution:  A  dl     A .d a   B.d a  BA cos 60  0.6  
0
   0.15T .m 2
S S  2 2
GATE-2014
Q26. Which one of the following quantities is invariant under Lorentz transformation?
(a) Charge density (b) Charge (c) Current (d) Electric field
Ans: (b)
Q27. An unpolarized light wave is incident from air on a glass surface at the Brewster angle.
The angle between the reflected and the refracted wave is
(a) 0 o (b) 45 o (c) 90 o (d) 120 o
Ans: (c)





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Q28. The electric field of a uniform plane wave propagating in a dielectric non-conducting

medium is given by E  xˆ 10 cos  6 107 t  0.4 z  V / m . The phase velocity of the
wave is _________ 10 8 m / s
Ans: 1.5
 6  107
v   1.5 108 m / sec
k 0.4

Q29. If the vector potential A  xxˆ  2 yyˆ  3zzˆ , satisfies the Coulomb gauge, the value of the
constant  is _______
Ans: 1
 
Solution: Coulomb gauge condition . A  0    2  3  0    1
Q30. A ray of light inside Region 1 in the xy -plane is incident at the semicircular boundary
 
that carries no free charges. The electric field at the point P  r0 ,  in plane polar
 4

coordinates is E1  7eˆr  3eˆ where êr and ê are the unit vectors. The emerging ray in

Region 2 has the electric field E 2 parallel to x -axis. If  1 and  2 are the dielectric
2
constants of Region-1 and Region-2 respectively then is ________
1
y
P r0 ,  / 4 
O
1 2 x
Region 1 Region 2





fiziks

Ans: 2.32
 y
Solution:  E1  7er  3e
ˆ ˆ P r0 ,  / 4 

10  E2
 Ex   7eˆr  3eˆ  .xˆ  7 cos 45  3sin 45 
2
1 
2 E1

O
4 1 x
 E y   7eˆr  3eˆ  . yˆ  7 sin 45  3sin 45  2
2 Region 1 Region 2
 E   4
Thus E1 makes an angle   tan 1  y   tan 1    21.80
 Ex   10 
tan  2  2  tan 45
   2   2.32 where 1    450 and  2  450
tan 1  2  2 tan 23.2
Q31. The value of the magnetic field required to maintain non-relativistic protons of energy
1MeV in a circular orbit of radius 100 mm is _______Tesla
(Given: m p  1.67  1027 kg , e  1.6  1019 C )
Ans: 1.44
1.6  1019  B 2  0.1 1.6 1013  2 1.67 1027 

2 2
q2 B2 R2 13
E  1.6  10  B 
2
2 1.67  1027  1.6 1019   0.12

2
2m p
1013  2 1.67  1027  3.34  1040

B  2
  2.08  B  2.08 Tesla  1.44Tesla
1.6 10   0.01
38
1.6 1040
Q32. In an interference pattern formed by two coherent sources, the maximum and minimum
of the intensities are 9 I 0 and I 0 respectively. The intensities of the individual wave are
(a) 3I 0 and I 0 (b) 4 I 0 and I 0
(c) 5I 0 and 4 I 0 (d) 9 I 0 and I 0

Ans: (b)
   
2 2
Solution: I max  I1  I 2 and I min  I1  I 2
   
2 2
9I0  I1  I 2 and I 0  I1  I 2  I1  4 I 0 and I 2  I 0





fiziks

Q33. The intensity of a laser in free space is 150mW / m 2 . The corresponding amplitude of the
electric field of the laser is _________

V
m
 0  8.854  10 12 C 2 / N .m 2 
Ans: 10.6
1 2I 2  150 103
Solution: I  c 0 E02  E0    10.6 V / m
2 c 0 3  108  8.854 1012





fiziks

GATE-2015
Q34. A point charge is placed between two semi-infinite conducting plates which are inclined
at an angle of 30 o with respect to each other. The number of image charges
is___________.
Ans.: 11
360 360
Solution: n  1   1  11
 30
R  
Q35. Given that the magnetic flux through the closed loop PQRSP is  . If  A  dl   along
P
1
R 
PQR , the value of   dl along PSR is
P
A Q
R
S
(a)   1 (b) 1   (c)  1 (d) 1
Ans.: (b)
    R   P 
Solution:    s B.d a   A.dl   A  dl   A  dl
P R
R   R  
   1   A  dl   A  dl  1  
P P
Q15. The space between two plates of a capacitor carrying charges  Q and  Q is filled with
two different dielectric materials, as shown in the figure. Across the interface of the two
dielectric materials, which one of the following statements is correct?
 
(a) E and D are continuous
 
(b) E is continuous and D is discontinuous
 
(c) D is continuous and E is discontinuous Q Q
 
(d) E and D are discontinuous
Ans.: (d)





fiziks

Q22. Four forces are given below in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates
   r2  
(i) F1  K exp 2 rˆ 
(ii) F2  K x 3 yˆ  y 3 zˆ 
 R 
   ˆ 
(iii) F3  K x 3 xˆ  y 3 yˆ  (iv) F4  K  
r
where K is a constant Identify the correct option
(a) (iii) and (iv) are conservative but (i) and (ii)are not
(b) (i) and (ii) are conservative but (iii) and (iv) are not
(c) (ii) and (iii) are conservative but (i) and (iv) are not
(d) (i) and (iii) are conservative but (ii) and (iv) are not
Ans.: (d)
r rˆ r sin 

  1   
Solution:   F 1  0
r sin 
2
r  
 r2 
k exp   2  0 0
 R 
x y z
    
 F2   x  3ky 2  0   3ky 2 x
x y z
0 kx 3  ky 3
x y z
    
 F3  0
x y z
kx3 ky 3 0





fiziks

r r r sin 

  1   
 F4  2  r  k cos  
r sin  r  
k
0 0 r sin  
r
Q23. A monochromatic plane wave (wavelength  600 nm ) E 0 expi kz   t  is incident
 
normally on a diffraction grating giving rise to a plane wave E1 exp i k1  r   t in the  
  1 3 
first order of diffraction. Here E1  E 0 and k1  k1  xˆ  zˆ  . The period (in m ) of
2 2 
the diffraction grating is ______________ (upto one decimal place)

Ans.: 1.2

Solution: d sin   n  d  n 1
sin 
  1 3  1
 k1  k1  xˆ  zˆ   sin      300
2 2  2
600
d  nm  1200 nm  1.2  m
sin 30
Q24. A long solenoid is embedded in a conducting medium and is insulated from the medium.
If the current through the solenoid is increased at a constant rate, the induced current in
the medium as a function of the radial distance r from the axis of the solenoid is
proportional to
1 1
(a) r 2 inside the solenoid and outside (b) r inside the solenoid and outside
r r2
1 1
(c) r 2 inside the solenoid and outside (d) r inside the solenoid and outside
r2 r
Ans.: (d)

  B 
Solution:  E  dl     da ;
t





fiziks

For r  R
 dI
r
dI 2 r 2  1 dI
 E  2 r   0 n
dt 
r  0
2 r dr    0 n 
dt

2
 E   0 n r
2 dt
For r  R
 dI
R
dI 2 R 2  1 dI
 E  2 r   0 n
dt 
r  0
2 r dr    0 n 
dt

2
 E   0 n R 2
2r dt
Q25. A plane wave xˆ  iyˆ E 0 expikz  t  after passing through an optical element emerges
as xˆ  iyˆ E 0 expi kz  t  , where k and  are the wavevector and the angular
frequency, respectively. The optical element is a
(a) quarter wave plate (b) half wave plate
(c) polarizer (d) Faraday rotator
Ans.: (b)
 
Solution: Incident wave: x  i y E0 ei   E0 cos  x  E0 sin  y 
 
Left circular polarization with phase angle 1     ei
 
Emergent wave: x  i y E0 ei   E0 cos  xˆ  E0 sin  y 
 
Right circular polarization with phase angle 1     ei 0

Thus there is phase change of  and hence path difference of .
2





fiziks

Q26. A charge  q is distributed uniformly over a sphere, with a positive charge q at its center
in (i). Also in (ii), a charge  q is distributed uniformly over an ellipsoid with a positive
charge q at its center. With respect to the origin of the coordinate system, which one of
the following statements is correct?
X X
Z Z
Y Y
(i ) (ii )
(a) The dipole moment is zero in both (i) and (ii)
(b) The dipole moment is non-zero in (i) but zero in (ii)
(c) The dipole moment is zero in (i) but non-zero in (ii)
(d) The dipole moment is non-zero in both (i) and (ii)
Ans.: (a)
 
Solution: p   qi ri  0 in both cases.
GATE-2016
Q27. Which of the following magnetic vector potentials gives rise to a uniform magnetic field
B0 kˆ ?
(a) B0 z kˆ (b)  B0 x ˆj (c)

B0
2

 yiˆ  xˆj  (d)
B0 ˆ ˆ
2

yi  xj 
Ans.: (c)
 
Solution: (a)   A  0
 
(b)   A   B0 kˆ
 
(c)   A  B0 kˆ
 
(d)   A  0





fiziks

Q28. The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment associated with a square shaped loop
carrying a steady current I is m . If this loop is changed to a circular shape with the same
pm
current I passing through it, the magnetic dipole moment becomes . The value of p

is ______.
Ans.: 4
Solution: Magnetic dipole moment associated with a square shaped loop (let side is a) carrying a
steady current I is m  Ia 2 .
Magnetic dipole moment associated with a circular shaped loop (let radius is r) carrying a
steady current I is m  I  r 2 .
2
2a 2a  4 Ia 2 4m
Here 4a  2 r  r   m  I  r  I      2
    
Q29. In a Young’s double slit experiment using light, the apparatus has two slits of unequal
widths. When only slit- 1 is open, the maximum observed intensity on the screen is 4 I 0 .
When only slit- 2 is open, the maximum observed intensity is I 0 . When both the slits are
open, an interference pattern appears on the screen. The ratio of the intensity of the
principal maximum to that of the nearest minimum is ________.
Ans.: 9
      2 I  I   9I
2 2
I max I1  I 2 4I0  I0 0 0
Solution:  0
9
    2 I  I  I
2 2 2
I min I1  I 2 4I0  I0 0
0 0





fiziks

Q30. An infinite, conducting slab kept in a horizontal plane carries a uniform charge density  .
Another infinite slab of thickness t, made of a linear dielectric material of dielectric
constant k , is kept above the conducting slab. The bound charge density on the upper
surface of the dielectric slab is
   k  2  k  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2k k 2k k
Ans.: (d)  1
k  1 z
Solution: 
  
Electric field due to infinite, conducting slab inside the dielectric is E  zˆ  zˆ
  0k
     k  1    k  1
Polarisation P   0  e E   0  k  1 zˆ  zˆ   1  P.zˆ 
 0k k k
Q31. The electric field component of a plane electromagnetic wave travelling in vacuum is

given by E  z , t   E 0 coskz  t iˆ . The Poynting vector for the wave is
 c   c 
(a)  0  E 02 cos 2 kz  t  ˆj (b)  0  E 02 cos 2 kz  t kˆ
 2   2 
(c) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t  ˆj (d) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t kˆ

Ans.: (d)
  1  E
Solution: E  z , t   E 0 coskz  t iˆ  B  zˆ  E  z , t   0 cos  kz  t  ˆj
c c
The Poynting vector for the wave is
 1   E2
S
0
0 c

E  B  0 cos 2  kz  t  kˆ  c 0 E02 cos 2  kz  t  kˆ





fiziks

Q32. The x  y plane is the boundary between free space and a magnetic material with relative
permeability  r . The magnetic field in the free space is Bx iˆ  Bz kˆ . The magnetic field in
the magnetic material is
(a) B x iˆ  B z kˆ (b) B x iˆ   r B z kˆ
1
(c) B x iˆ  B z kˆ (d)  r B x iˆ  B z kˆ
r
Ans.: (d)
B B
Solution: B1  Bz kˆ  B2 and H1  H1  1  2  B2  r B1  r Bx iˆ
0 0 r
The magnetic field in the magnetic material is  r B x iˆ  B z kˆ
GATE- 2017
Q33. Identical charges q are placed at five vertices of a regular hexagon of side a . The
magnitude of the electric field and the electrostatic potential at the centre of the hexagon
are respectively
q q
(a) 0, 0 (b) ,
4 0 a 2
4 0 a
q 5q 5q 5q
(c) , (d) ,
4 0 a 2
4 0 a 4 0 a 4 0 a
2
Ans. : (c)
q
q
Solution: The resultant field at P is E 
4 0 a 2 q q
5q a
The electrostatic potential at P is V 
4 0 a q P q





fiziks

Q34. A parallel plate capacitor with square plates of side 1 m separated by 1 micro meter is
filled with a medium of dielectric constant of 10 . If the charges on the two plates are 1C
and 1C , the voltage across the capacitor is………….. kV . (up to two decimal places).
(  0  8.854  1012 F / m )
Ans. : 1.29
 0 r A qd 1 1 106
Solution: q  CV  V V    1.29kV
d  0 r A 8.854  1012  10  1
Q35. Light is incident from a medium of refractive index n  1.5 onto vacuum. The smallest
angle of incidence for which the light is not transmitted into vacuum is…………...
degrees. (up to two decimal places)
Ans. : 41.8
n2 1  1 
Solution: sin C    C  sin 1    C  41.8
n1 1.5  1.5 
Q36. A monochromatic plane wave in free space with electric field amplitude of 1 V / m is
normally incident on a fully reflecting mirror. The pressure exerted on the mirror
is……………… 1012 Pa . (up to two decimal places) (  0  8.854  1012 F / m )
Ans. : 8.85
2I 2 1
  c 0 E02   0 E02  8.854  1012  1  8.85  1012 Pa
2
Solution: P 
c c 2
Q37. Three charges  2C , 1C , 1C  are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side
1 m as shown in the figure. The component of the electric dipole moment about the
marked origin along the ŷ direction is……… C m .
y
2C
1m
0 1C 1C x
Ans. : 1.73 1.5m


Solution: p  11xˆ   1 2 xˆ   2 1.5 xˆ  1  0.25 yˆ 





fiziks

Along the ŷ direction  2  1  0.25  1.73
Q38. An infinite solenoid carries a time varying current I  t   At 2 , with A  0 . The axis of
the solenoid is along the ẑ direction. r̂ and ˆ are the usual radial and polar directions in

cylindrical polar coordinates. B  Br rˆ  Bˆ  Bz zˆ is the magnetic field at a point outside
the solenoid. Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (b) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
(c) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (d) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
Ans. : (d)
Q39. A uniform volume charge density is placed inside a conductor (with ressistivity
1
102 m ). The charge density becomes of its original value after
 2.718
time……………….fem to seconds (up to two decimal places) (  0  8.854  1012 F / m )
Ans. : 88.54
 t  1
Solution:   t     0  e t /  0   t /  0  ln  ln 1
 0 2.718
0
t   8.854  1012  102  88.54  1015 sec  88.54 fs

Q40. Consider a metal with free electron density of 6 1022 cm 3 . The lowest frequency
electromagnetic radiation to which this metal is transparent is 1.38 1016 Hz . If this metal
had a free electron density of 1.8  1023 cm 3 instead, the lowest frequency
electromagnetic radiation to which it would be transparent is…………… 1016 Hz (up to

two decimal places).
Ans. : 2.39
Solution: Cut-off frequency is f  n .
f2 n n 1.8  1023
Thus  2  f 2  f1 2  f 2  1.38 1016  2.39 1016 Hz
f1 n1 n1 6  1022






Electromagnetic Theory - GATE 2010-2017

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fiziks

(a) k and S are parallel

(b) k and S are anti-parallel

(c) k and S are perpendicular to each other

(a)   F  0 (b)   F  0 (c) V  0 (d)  2 V  0

Q10. A spherical conductor of radius a is placed in a uniform electric field E  E 0 kˆ . The

Statement for Linked Questions 12 and 13:

Q12. The electric field E  x, y, z , t  corresponding to the above wave is given by

Q13. The average Poynting vector is given by

Q21. For a scalar function  satisfying the Laplace equation,  has

this charge distribution the electric field at 2 x0 ,0,0

2Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ

First term, total charge

QT     x dx  Q    x   x 0 dx   Q    x   x 0 dx   Q  Q  0

Second term, dipole moment

p   x   x dx  Q  x   x   x 0 dx   Q  x  x   x 0 dx   Qx 0  Q   x 0  2Qx 0

2Qx 0 V 4Qx 0 4Qx 0 Q

Q24. A monochromatic plane wave at oblique incidence undergoes reflection at a dielectric

1.6  1019  B 2  0.1 1.6 1013  2 1.67 1027 

2 1.67  1027  1.6 1019   0.12

1013  2 1.67  1027  3.34  1040

(a) 3I 0 and I 0 (b) 4 I 0 and I 0

(c) 5I 0 and 4 I 0 (d) 9 I 0 and I 0

electric field of the laser is _________

r rˆ r sin 

r r r sin 

the diffraction grating is ______________ (upto one decimal place)

(a) B0 z kˆ (b)  B0 x ˆj (c)

(c) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t  ˆj (d) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t kˆ

The magnetic field in the magnetic material is  r B x iˆ  B z kˆ

electromagnetic radiation to which it would be transparent is…………… 1016 Hz (up to

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