Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chrome OS
Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses
the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface. As a result, Chrome OS primarily
supports web applications.[7]
Google announced the project in July 2009, conceiving it as an operating system in which both
applications and user data reside in the cloud: hence Chrome OS primarily runs web applications.
Source code and a public demo came that November. The first Chrome OS laptop, known as
a Chromebook, arrived in May 2011. Initial Chromebook shipments from Samsung and Acer occurred
in July 2011.
Linux
Linux is a name that broadly denotes a family of free and open-source software operating
systems(OS) built around the Linux kernel. Typically, Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux
distribution (or distro for short) for both desktop and server use. The defining component of a Linux
distribution is the Linux kernel,[11] an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991,
by Linus Torvalds.[12][13][14] Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name. The Free
Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to refer to the operating system family, as well as
specific distributions, to emphasize that most Linux distributions are not just the Linux kernel, and that
they have in common not only the kernel, but also numerous utilities and libraries, a large proportion
of which are from the GNU project.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are
developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing
industry. Active Windows families include Windows NT and Windows Embedded; these may
encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server.
Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone.
Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a
graphical operating system shellfor MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user
interfaces (GUIs).[3] Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer (PC) market
with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. Apple came to
see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on
products such as the Lisa and Macintosh (eventually settled in court in Microsoft's favor in 1993). On
PCs, Windows is still the most popular operating system. However, in 2014, Microsoft admitted losing
the majority of the overall operating system market to Android,[4] because of the massive growth in
sales of Android smartphones. In 2014, the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that
of Android devices sold. This comparison however may not be fully relevant, as the two operating
systems traditionally target different platforms. Still, numbers for server use of Windows (that are
comparable to competitors) show one third market share, similar to for end user use.
As of December 2017, the most recent version of Windows for
PCs, tablets, smartphones and embedded devices is Windows 10. The most recent versions
for server computers is Windows Server 2016. A specialized version of Windows runs on the Xbox
One video game console.[
Ubuntu
Ubuntu (/ʊˈbʊntuː/;[3] stylized as ubuntu) is an open source operating system for computers. It is
a Linux distribution based on the Debian architecture. It is usually run on personal computers, and is
also popular on network servers, usually running the Ubuntu Server variant, with enterprise-class
features. Ubuntu runs on the most popular architectures, including Intel, AMD, and ARM-based
machines. Ubuntu is also available for tablets and smartphones, with the Ubuntu Touch edition.
Ubuntu is published by Canonical Ltd, who offer commercial support.[4] It is based on free
software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu (literally, 'human-ness'), which
Canonical Ltd. suggests can be loosely translated as "humanity to others" or "I am what I am
because of who we all are".[3]
Ubuntu is the most popular operating system running in hosted environments, so–called
"clouds",[5] as it is the most popular server Linux distribution.
Development of Ubuntu is led by UK-based Canonical Ltd., a company founded by South African
entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical
support and other services related to Ubuntu.[6][7] The Ubuntu project is publicly committed to the
principles of open-source software development; people are encouraged to use free software, study
how it works, improve upon it, and distribute it.
Initial release 20 October 2004 (13 years ago)
Latest release Ubuntu 17.10.1 Artful Aardvark / 12 January
2018 (11 days ago)
DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/[1]) is a family of disk operating systems[2] primarily consisting of MS-DOS and a
rebranded version under the name IBM PC DOS which were introduced in 1981, as well as some later
compatible systems from other manufacturers: DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-
DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1998). MS-DOS dominated the x86-based IBM PC compatible market
between 1981 and 1995.