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Page 1 of 67
C.X.C PAST PAPERS

(c) What is the value of the resistance indicated in
1. Figure 1 shows a resistive circuit connected across a
Figure 2? (1000) {R x 100 x 10}
9V supply.
R1 R2
3. (a) State TWO Characteristics of magnetic flux.
(b) What is meant by the term “magnetic shielding”?
(c) What is the SI unit and symbol for EACH of the
R3
1 following quantities:
(i) Magnetic flux density
2 (ii) Magnetomotive force
FIGURE 1 (iii) Magnetic flux
(a) (i) What quantity will the meter labeled
1 measured? 4. (a) Write the Boolean expression and symbol for the
(ii) What quantity will the meter labeled TWO input exclusive “OR” gate.
2 measured? (b) Explain how the TWO junctions of a bipolar, NPN
(b) Explain what would happen if the meter transistor are biased for operation.
labeled 2 was replaced in the position
of the meter labeled 1 in Figure 1. 5. (a) Name ONE source of alternating current.
(c) Name TWO types of resistors used in electronic circuits. (b) Name ONE source of direct current.
(c) Explain what is meant by the terms
2. (a) List TWO tests that should be performed on (i) period
a new domestic installation. (ii) r.m.s. value
(b) State TWO characteristics of moving-coil (iii) average value
instruments. (iv) instantaneous value

(d) State TWO symbols associated with the supply for
a Digital signal.
SECTION B
6. (a) List the THREE key components of transformers.

(b) Name THREE losses present in a power
Figure 2 transformer on load.

(c) Make a neat sketch of ONE type of transformer
construction.
PREP BY: FITZROY K. HIBBERT (TEACHER) GARVEY MACEO HIGH SCHOOL NOV. 2011
Page 2 of 67
(d) List THREE common types of single-phase motor (e) Explain the difference between ‘system
(e) A 3-phase, 8 pole squirrel-cage motor having a software’ and ‘application software’.
speed at rated load of 500 r.p.m., when connected
to a 220V, 50HZ supply. Calculate the following: 8. Figure 3 shows a series circuit consisting of a resistor,
R = 10, an inductor, L= 0.5H and a 100F capacitor
(i) Synchronous speed
connected to a 120V, 50HZ supply.
120 f
N
P
In this case one has L = 0.5H C = .0001F
to be reminded that P  # of
R = 1Oohm
poles and not # of pairs of poles.
120 x 50 H z
N 
8
a.c.
6000 supply

8
Figure 3
 750 rpm
(a) Sketch the circuit
Also, remember that the speed is in rpm, (b) Calculate the following:
since you used 120 instead of 60
(i) Inductive reactance
(ii) Capacitive reactance
(ii) Percentage slip at rated load
(iii) Impedance
 N  Nr  (iv) Current in the circuit
S   x 100
 N 
 750 rpm  500 rpm  i. X L  2fL

 S    x 100
 750 rpm   2 x 3.142 x 50 H Z x 0.5H
 250 rpm   157 .2

   x 100
 750 rpm 
remember that all reactances are
 33 % measured in OHMS  
7. (a) Name TWO removable computer accessories that

users may use to store information.
(b) Explain the use of Random Access Memory
(RAM).
(c) (i) State the purpose of ports on a computer.
(ii) List the names of any TWO common ports.
(d) Name TWO protective devices that are used to
protect a computer system.
Page 3 of 67
9. Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram of a single-stage, one-

10 6
ii. X C  transistor radio receiver using the following elements:
2fC
10 6
 (a) On the diagram provided, indicate EACH element
2 x 3.142 x 50 H Z x 100
by writing the corresponding number in the circle at
 31 .827 
the end of EACH arrow.
remember that all reactances are
measured in OHMS  
1
The original formula was X C  1 Loud speaker
2fC
Whatever the capacitance is given in, 2 Detector diode
you would write the scientific expression
as 10 3 , 10 6 , 10 9 or 10 12 . When any
3 Amplifier stage
of these is brought to the top it changes the 4 Tuning circuit
sign. That's how the formula has 10 6 instead of 1
5 Antennae coil
iii. Z 2  R 2   X L  X C 2
 10 2  157 .2  31 .827 2

(b) Explain BRIEFLY the function of EACH element
 10  2  125 .373 2 stated in part (a) above when used in a radio
receiver circuit.
 100  15718 .389129
 15800 .389129 (c) List the elements in part (a) above that are
responsible for the selection of different radio
 125 .771
stations.
VT 120V
iv. I t    0.954 A
Z 125 .771
SECTION C
Figure 5
10. Figure 5 shows the circuit diagram of an electric bell.

(a) In your booklet write the numbers 1 – 9. Beside
EACH number, write the name of EACH part
indicate in Figure 5
Figure 4 (b) BRIEFLY explain the function of EACH part
numbered 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8
Page 4 of 67
2005 PAPER 4. (a) Name TWO types of protective devices used in

SECTION A
domestic installation.
1. (a) State TWO reasons why cells are connected in (b) What is meant by?
(i) Series (i) Short Circuit
(ii) Parallel (ii) Open Circuit
(b) Name TWO types of secondary cells. (iii) Overload
(c) What is the purpose of the soft-iron cylindrical (c) Which of the device mentioned in (a) can be
core in a moving-coil meter? reset?
(d) Why is damping employed in analogue 5. (a) Name any TWO terminals of a thyristor.
measuring instruments? (b) What is meant by ‘doping” in relation to
semiconductor materials?
2. (a) State FOUR characteristics of lines
of magnetic flux. (c) Describe the difference between the outputs of a
(b) What are the SI units for the following quantities? half-wave rectifier and that of a full-wave rectifier.
(i) Magnetic flux
(ii) Magnetic flux density 6. (a) Give ONE application of distribution
(iii) Magnetomotive force transformers.
(c) Figure 1 shows current flowing in the same (b) Define the term ‘mutual inductance’.
direction in two adjacent conductors. (c) State Lenz’s Law.
C1 (d) Explain how ‘eddy current’ is minimized in the

I1 iron core of a transformer.
C2
I2 (e) Name TWO methods of cooling transformers.
Figure 1
R1 = 10k R3 = 4k
Currents I1 and I2 are flowing in the same direction A B
in conductors C1 and C2 respectively. State the I

R4 =3k
direction of the force acting on the conductors. R2 = 8k
9Vd.c. C
R5 = 2k R6=2k
3. (a) Name TWO methods of generating electrical
energy
D
(b) Which part of a d.c. generator converts a.c. to d.c.? Figure 2
(c) State TWO methods by which self-exiting (f) For the circuit shown in Figure 2 , calculate
generators are connected. the resistance between EACH of the following
(d) List TWO applications where d.c. is preferred pairs of points.
over a.c. (i) C and D
Page 5 of 67
(ii) the power dissipated by the resistor R2

R x R6 R
RCD  5 OR RCD 
R5  R 6 n
First you have to find either the voltage drop
2k x 2k 2k across the resistor or the current through it .
 
2 k  2k 2
So let ' s find the voltage drop across it .
 1k  1k
V2  Vt  V1
(ii) B and D
 R x R6 
R BD  R4   5 
  Vt  I t x R1 
 R5  R6 
 2k x 2k 
 3k    
 9V  643 x 10  6 A x 10k 
 2k  2k 
 3k  1k  9V  6.43V
 4k
 2.57V
(iii) A and D
  R x R6  V22
R2 x  R3  R4   5   P2 
  R5  R6  R2
R AD 
  R x R6 
R2   R3  R4   5 
  R5  R6  
2.57 2
8k
  2k x 2k  
8k x 4k  3k     0.826mW
  2 k  2 k 

  2k x 2k  
8k  4k  3k   
  2k  2k  
7. (a) Figure 3, shows an electric lamp controlled by
two switches, S1 and S2.
8k x 8k

8k  8k S1 S2
 4k
Electric lamp
(g) For the circuit shown in Figure 2, calculate
(i) the current flowing through the circuit
Vt Vt 9V Figure 3
It     643A
Rt R1  1k 10k  4k (i) Draw the truth table for the circuit using S1 and
Page 6 of 67
S2 as inputs and an electric lamp as the output. (d) State TWO advantages of discharge lamps over
(ii) Draw the equivalent logic gate for the circuit incandescent lamps.
shown in Figure 3 (e) Figure 6 shows a light source of 600 candelas
located 3m above a working plane. Calculate the
illumination at point B
Figure 4
Figure 6
To find the illuminaton at point B, we must first f ind

Figure 5 the length of the li ne (distance) AB. To find A B we use
Pythagoras Theorem.
(b) Figure 4 shows a simple logic circuit. AB2   AC 2  CB 2

Derive a Boolean expression for the output F of the  32  42  9  16  25
circuit shown in Figure 4
 AB  25  5m
(c) Figure 5 shows an OP-AMP.
(i) State the polarity of the output signal with respect
to the input signal. Or, we can find the length of the line (distance) AB.
(ii) State the function of R2. by using the Cosine approach
adj adj
From the formula Cos  , therefore hyp 
8. (a) State THREE safety practices which should be hyp Cos
observed when working in a situation where 

3

3
 5m
Cos 53 .1 0.6
electricity is present.
(b) Why is it important to earth ALL metalwork I Cos 600 cd x Cos 53 .1
 E@  
point B
 AB 
2
52
associated with an electrical installation?
(c) Name THREE types of electric discharge lamps. 600 cd x 0.6
  14 .4 lux
25
Page 7 of 67
9. Figure 7 shows a wiring diagram of a Motor SPECIMEN PAPER

Control Circuit.
Figure 1
Figure 7
1. (a) Figure 1 above represents an electric circuit
comprising two parallel groups of resistors R1, R2, and
(a) Write the numbers 1 – 5 and beside EACH number,
R4, R5, which are joined together by a series resistor,
write the name of the corresponding parts.
R3. Calculate the following:
(b) Explain the MAIN function of EACH part identified
(i) the value of resistor three, R3
above
To find R3 we must first find Rt ,
(c) Name THREE types of starters used for starting
three phase a.c. motors. Rt 
Vt

30V
 5
It 6A
(d) How would the motor control circuit in Figure 7 be
affected if part 3 is short circuited? Then find the resistances of the parallel sections
R1 x R2 2x3 6
R P1     1.2
10. (a) List FOUR basic functions which describe the R1  R2 2 3 5
operation of computers. RP2 

R 4 x R5

4 x 6 24
  2.4
R 4  R5 4  6 10
(b) Make a neat sketch of the symbol for EACH of the
following electronic devices: Now R3  Rt  R P1  R P 2 
(i) Capacitor  5  1.2  2.4 

(ii) Filament Lamp  1.4
(iii) D.C. Motor
(iii) the total resistance of the circuit
(iv) Electric Meter
(c) What type of software package allows users to Rt 
Vt

30V
 5
It 6A
prepare schematic diagrams using symbols in (b)
above?
(iii) the power dissipated by resistor three, R3
(d) Describe any FOUR features available to users
Since that its the resistance and the current
when editing with word processing software. that are known for the resistor, we' ll use
(e) Name TWO key parts of tables in database. the formula
(f) Describe EACH part named in (e) above. P  I 2 x R3  62 x 1.4  50 .4W
Page 8 of 67
(b) Name the unit of electric current. (b) In Figure 2 shown above, if the range setting is 
x 100, what is the value of the resistance?
2. (a) Name TWO components of the lead-acid cell (c) How should the range of an instrument be
which contribute to its internal resistance. extended to measure a higher current?
(b) A lead-acid battery consisting of six cells, EACH (d) How should the range of an instrument be
having an e.m.f. of 2 volts and an internal extended to measure a higher voltage?
resistance of 0.1 ohms, is connected across a
resistive load RL of 2.4 ohms. Calculate the 4. (a) With respect to an alternating voltage
following: supply, what is meant by the term r.m.s. value
(i) the total internal resistance of the cells (b) From a sine-wave of a peak voltage of 400V,
rit  ri1 x 6  0.1 x 6  0.6 calculate the following:
(i) the r.m.s. value
(ii) the current flowing through the load resistor, RL
Vrms  0.707Vmax
It 
E

6 x 2V

12V
 4A  0.707 x 400V
RL  rit 2.4  0.6 3
 282 .8V
(iv) the voltage drop across the load resistor, RL (ii) the average value

VL  E  It x rit  Vav  0.636Vmax OR Vav  0.901Vrms
 0.637 x 400V  0.901 x 282 .8

 12V  4 A x 0.6
 254 .8V  254 .8V
 12V  2.4V
 9.6V (iii) the instantaneous value at 360
3. (a) What is the purpose of the permanent magnet in a v  Vmax Sin
moving-coil measuring instruments?  400V x Sin36 0
 400V x 0.588
 235 .2V
5. (a) State Lenz’ Law in terms of induced e.m.f.

produced by varying current.
(b) Why are eddy-current losses reduced when a
laminated iron core is utilized?
Figure 2
Page 9 of 67
(c) Make a schematic diagram showing primary and 1997 PAPER

secondary for an iron-core transformer with a 1:6
voltage step-up ratio
(d) If the transformer mentioned in (c) has 100 turns on
the primary, calculate how many turns are in the
secondary.
NP 1
N P : N S  1 : 6 OR 
NS 6
 N S  6N P  N S  6N P
 6 x 100  6 x 100 Figure 1
 600  600 (a) Figure 1 above shows the wiring diagram of a series-
parallel circuit, calculate the following:
(e) What kind of transformer it is? (i) the total resistance of the circuit.
6. (a) Make neat sketches showing the arrangement of
First find the resistance of the parallel section
the domains in the following:
of R 3 & R 4
(i) an un-magnetized piece of bar metal
R x R 4 6Ω x 3Ω 18
(ii) a piece of magnetized bar metal RP  3    2Ω
1 R 3  R 4 6Ω  3Ω 9
NOTE show bar in 3-D format
Now this section is in series with R 5
(b) Make a neat sketch of a U-shaped magnet,
 R S  R P  R 5  2Ω  4Ω  6Ω
indicating the poles and direction of the magnetic 1 1
flux lines. Now all of this section is in parallel with R 2
(c) Make a neat sketch of a coil of wire wound around RS x R 2

1 6Ω x 3Ω 18
 RP     2Ω
a soft iron cylindrical metal. The ends of the coil 2 R S  R 2 6Ω  3Ω 9
1
must be connected to a 2 volts supply. This comes down to three 3 series sections
Indicate the R1, R P & R 6
2
(i) polarity of the magnet
So now R T  R1  R P  R 6
(ii) direction of the magnetic flux around the 2
solenoid  10Ω  2Ω  2Ω
(iii) direction of the conventional current flow.  20Ω
(d) State THREE laws of magnetism .

(e) State the unit of
(i) Magnetic Flux
(ii) Magnetic Flux Density.
Page 10 of 67
(ii) the supply voltage (b) If resistor R5 is short – circuited, how will the total
current be affected?
VT  I T x RT  0.5 A x 20   10V
(c) Give ONE reason for your answer in (b) above.
(iv) the current flowing through resistor six R6 2. (a) Name the TWO types of three phase
In a series circuit, the current is the same induction motors.
throughout, therefore
IT  I1  I 6  0.5 A
(b) State the reason why the induction motor can be
classified as a transformer.
(v) the voltage across resistor two 3. (a) State THREE uses of permanent magnets.
(b) State TWO power losses which occur in
Since R2 is a parallel bracnh of the parallel
transformers operating under no-load conditions.
RP2 , therefore
(c) Explain how an e.m.f can be induced in a coil.
 
V2  VP2  I T x RP2  0.5 A x 2  1V 4 (a) Define the following term.
I. Doping
OR II. Covalent Bonding

(b) Explain how a bi-polar transistor is biased for
We could find the voltage drops across R1 & R6 normal operation.
which are
5. (a) Name TWO types of conduit wiring systems.
V1  I T x R1  0.5 A x 10  5V and (b) List two of conduit fittings used in household wiring
system
V6  I T x R6  0.5 A x 8  4V (c) State TWO main different between the two conduit
wiring systems named in (a) above.
Now add these two voltages and subtract them from
the total voltage 6. (a) What is the purpose of the permanent magnet in
moving-coil microphone.
 V2  VP2  VT  V1  V6 
(b) Give one reason why a moving-coil microphone
can operate without a d.c. supply.
 10V  5V  4V 
(c) Name TWO basic part of the moving-coil
microphone.
 1V
Page 11 of 67
7. (a) State the following terms and give their unit of (c) Draw a circuit diagram which shows a lamp
measurement: controlled by two switches functioning as an OR
i. Self Inductance. gate.
ii. Mutual Inductance (d) Write the Boolean expression for the OR gate and
(b) List TWO applications of the power transformers complete the TRUTH table.
(c) Give the reason for using a laminated core in a (e) Draw TWO logic symbols which together represent
transformer. the NOR gate.
(d) Give ONE reason for the high efficient of (f) Draw a single logic symbol to represent the NOR
transformers gate.
(e) A single phase 220/110, 2.2 KVA, 50 HZ (g) Write the Boolean expression for the NOR gate.
transformer has 1100 turn on the secondary
windings. Calculate the following: 9. Figure 2 above shows the sketch of a sodium vapour
i. Primary Current lamp.
Pi 2.2 x 10 3
IP    10 A
VP 220V
ii. Secondary Current
VP I
From the formula  S
VS IP
VP x I P 220V x 10 A
 IS    20 A
VS 110V Figure 2
iii. Number of turn the primary windings
VP N (a) Write the numbers 1 to 8 and identify EACH of the
From the formula  P
VS NS corresponding parts.
VP x N S 220V x 1100 (b) State the corresponding function of each part.
 NP    2200
VS 110V (c) State TWO advantages of the sodium vapour lamp.
8. (a) (i) What is a logic gate?

(ii) Name the most common method used to 2001 PAPER
describe the action of a logic gate.
1. (a) List FOUR properties of magnetic flux
(b) Make a neat sketch of the logic gate symbol for an
lines.
OR gate.
(b) Sketch the magnetic field due to current in a
straight conductor, and indicate the direction of the
Page 12 of 67
conventional current flow and the direction of the (c) Why is it important to earth the metal frame of
magnetic field. electric motors?
(d) Name THREE tests that should be carried out on a
2. (a) Define the following terms as the relate complete domestic installation before the supply is
to alternating current. initially connected to it.
(i) Period (ii) Frequency
(v) R.M.S. Value (iv) Cycle 5. (a) State TWO essential features of Electrical analogue
(v) Average (vi) Peak Value measuring instruments.
Value (b) List TWO factors which affect the sensitivity of
(vii) Peak-to-Peak (viii) Instantaneous moving coil instruments.
Value Value (c) Figure 1 below shows the internal connections of a
(b) Give TWO reasons why alternating current is measuring instrument. State the MAIN function of
widely used for electrical power distribution over EACH numbered parts shown.
direct current.
3. (a) Define the following terms and give their unit of

measurement:
(i) Power
(ii) Energy
(b) Two lamps are rated to pass 0.2A when connected
across 240V supply in Figure 1
(i) Parallel
(ii) Series (d) Name the electrical quantity which can be
Explain the difference in power output between (i) measured by the instrument shown in the figure.
and (ii)
6. (a) State the fundamental conditions for
4. (a) State what is meant by the following terms: logic gate operation.
(i) Current rating (b) For EACH of the FOUR basic logic gates, write the
(ii) Fusing factor name, draw the logic symbol, write the Boolean
(iii) Fusing current expression and complete their TRUTH table.
(b) Give TWO reasons why it is necessary to use fuses (c) The output of a logic gate is shown to be
and/or circuit breakers in electrical circuits and F = A + B + C. For the logic gate, draw the logic
household. symbol and write the TRUTH table.
Page 13 of 67
(d) Sketch the logic network using a combination of (b) A pure inductance of 30mH is connected in series
gates to operate the function F = (A + B).C with the circuit in 7a, figure 2. The new circuit is
connected to a 100V, 50HZ a.c. supply.
R1 = 12
(i) Sketch the new circuit
R4= 10
(ii) Calculate the total current flowing through the
circuit.
R2 = 14 R3 = 6 R5 = 15 First let's find the inductive reactance of

the inductor.
Vt = 100V
X L  2ππf  2*3.142*50*30*103
Figure 2  9.426Ω
Now employ the formula to find Impedance

7. (a) Figure 2 above shows a series-parallel resistive
of the circuit
circuit connected across a 100V supply. Calculate
Z  R2  X L2  13.52  9.426 2
(i) total resistance of the circuit
 182.25  88.849476
Firstly, anywhere in the circuit there are two  271.099476
or more resistors, bring them down to one
resistor resistance So, for this circuit, we  16.465Ω
first bring R2 & R3 to one V 100V
Now I t  t   6.073A
Z 16.465Ω
 R S1  R2  R3  14   6  20 
Now this sec tion is in parallel with R1 8. (a) Define the following terms and give their respective
unit of measurement.
R1 x R S1 12 x 20 240
 R P1     7.5 (i) Resistivity
R1  R S1 12  20 32
(ii) Temperature coefficient of resistance
AND
(b) A coil is wound from a 100m length of copper
R x R5 10 x 15 150
R P2  4    6 conductor having a cross-sectional-area of 1.0mm2.
R 4  R5 10  15 25
This coil operates at 200C. Calculate the
The total resistance Rt  the sum of the two
parallel sections  (i) Resistance of the coil at 200C [ = 1.59 x 10-8
R P1  R P2
@ 00C] l 1.59 x 10 8 x 100
R 
 7.5  6 A 1 mm 2
 13 .5 159 x 10 8 159 x 10 8

 
 
1 x 10 3
2
1 x 10  6
(ii) current flowing through the circuit
 1.59 
Vt 100V Note : mm  10 3 , therefore
It 
Rt

13 .5
 7.41 A
 
mm 2  10 3
2
 10  6
Page 14 of 67
(ii) Change in resistance of the coil when it numbers and beside EACH number, write the
operates at a mean temperature of 800C. [ 0 name of the type of construction.
= 0.00428/deg Cel @ 00C;  = 1.59 x 10-8 @ (c) Name TWO significant sources of power loss in a
00C] transformer.
(d) Write an expression for the efficiency of a
R2  R1 1   t2  t1 
transformer.
 1.59 1  0.00428 80  20  (e) State TWO advantages of an iron-cored
 1.59 1  0.00428 60  transformer over an air-cored transformer.
 1.59 1  0.2568  (f) Draw a neat labeled schematic sketch of an auto
 1.59 1.2568 
transformer.
 1.998 
2002 PAPER
9. (a) Sketch and label the schematic diagram for EACH
1. (a) List TWO types of protective devices used in
of the following d.c. motors:
electrical installation.
(i) Shunt Wound
(b) Explain briefly the principle of operation of any one
(ii) Series Wound
of the devices you have listed in part (a) above.
(iii) Compound Wound
(c) Name TWO devices used to control a simple
(b) What is the MAIN difference between a d.c. motor
circuit.
and a d.c. generator?
2. (a) Explain BRIEFLY the meaning of the following

10. (a) Figure 3 below shows a sketch of TWO types of
terms:
transformer construction. Write the numbers 1, 2, 3
(i) Resistivity
and 4, and beside EACH number, write the name
(ii) Temperature Coefficient of Resistance
of the corresponding part.
(b) The figures below show the relationship between
current and voltage, and current and resistance
I I
Figure 3
V R
(b) In the figure above, the numbers 5 and 6 refer to
Figure 1 Figure 2
the type of transformer construction. Write the
Page 15 of 67
(i) What is the relationship between the quantities I and V  losses 

η   1   x 100
in figure 1  Pi 
(ii) What is the relationship between the quantities I and R In this case, the po wers given are in put
in figure 2 power Pi , Iron Fe  loss and Copper Cu 
loss, but Pi is in VA Volts  Ampere  while
3. (a) State the basic function of a P.N. Junction diode. the losses are in W Watts , therefore you'll
have to either change the ones in Watts to VA
(b) Give TWO applications of a thyristor or the ones in VA to Watts. You can' t work
with VA and W at the same time.
(c) Explain what is meant by the term doping as it
relates to semiconductor materials. Note: VA is Apparent Power S  and Watts is
True/Real/Active Power.P 
To change from S to P, you multiply S

4. (a) What is the S.I. units and symbols for the following by the power  factor  p. f . and from
quantities? P to S you divide P by p. f .
(i) Magnetic flux So 500 kVA  500 x 0.8   400 kW

(ii) Magnetic flux density AND
(vi) Magnetomotive force 700W  1100 W  1800 W
  2250 VA  2.25 kVA
(b) Give TWO reasons why cells are connected in 0.8 0. 8
(i) Series  2.25 kVA 
Now   1   x 100
(ii) Parallel  500 kVA 
 1  0.0045  x 100
5. State TWO applications of EACH of the following  99 .55 %
components in electronic circuits
OR
(i) Capacitor
 1.8kW 
(ii) Inductor   1   x 100
 400 kW 
 1  0.0045  x 100
6. (a) With the aid of a neatly drawn sketch, describe the
 99 .55 %
principle of operation of a double wound
transformer. (d) Explain BRIEFLY why a power transformer
(b) Why is a transformer considered to be a more operates on alternating voltage/current and not on
efficient device than an electric motor? direct voltage/current.
(c) A 500 kVA transformer having a full load
power factor of 0.8 has iron and copper losses of
700W and 1100W respectively at full load.
Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.
Page 16 of 67
7. R2 = 3
(iii) current flowing through the resistor R4
R1 = 2 Vt R5
I4  x .... current divider rule
R3 = 6 Rt R4  R5
12V 2 24
 x   0.545 A
Vt = 12V R4 = R5 = 2 5.5 6  2 44
6
Vt 12V
The total current in the circuit is 
Rt 5.5
 2.182 A
S
Now this current flows to the junction of the
Figure 3 two resistors, R4 & R5
(a) Figure 3 above shows a series-parallel resistive circuit
connected across a 12V d.c. supply. For the switch, S, (iv) energy consumed by the resistor R3, if the switch, S,
in closed position, calculate the remains closed for a period of one hour.
(i) total resistance of the circuit First find V2 and use the formula
This circuit has two parallel sections, so V22 x t

treat them as RP1 and RP2 E3  but remember that V 2  VP1
R3
R2 x R3 3 x 6 Vt x RP1
RP1    2 VP1  
12 x 2
 4.364V
R2  R3 3  6 Rt 5.5
and
 E3 
VP21 x t

4.364V 2 x 1hr
R x R5 6 x 2 R3 6
RP2  4   1.5
R4  R5 6  2
 3.174Wh
Then Rt  R1  RP1  RP2
 2  2  1.5
8. 0 0
 5.5
X Y
(ii) voltage drop across the resistor R1 1 1 L
Since the total current I t  is not known

we' ll have to use the voltage divider rule. Figure 4
Vt x R1 12V x 2
The diagram in Figure 4 shows a switch arrangement
V1    4.364V
Rt 5.5 equivalent to a common logic.
(a) Write the name of that logic gate and give the
symbol
(b) Write the TRUTH table for the logic function
equivalent to the switching arrangement shown
above.
Page 17 of 67
(c) Make a neat sketch of the basic form of an 2003 PAPER

operational amplifier and label the input and output
1. (a) List TWO methods used to drive generators in
terminals.
production of electricity for commercial
(d) State FOUR properties common to all operational
purpose.
amplifiers.
(b) Explain the application of transformers in the
(e) Write a simple expression to show the input and
following
output relations in the logic network shown in
(i) Electrical Transmission system
Figure 5 below.
(ii) Electrical Distribution system
(c) Name TWO MAIN tests to be carried out on a
A
B new domestic installation.
C F 2. (a) List the BASIC components of a regulated
power supply.
Figure 5
(b) Explain the terms “forward bias” and
9.
“reversed bias” with reference to a semi-
4 conductor diode.
1 3. (a) State Lenz’ Law
AC. IN 2 5 (b) Give TWO applications of inductors.
(c) Explain the functions of the inductors and
3 capacitor combination in a simple filter circuit.
4. (a) What is the purpose of the permanent magnet
FIGURE 6
in the moving coil meter?
(b) How should a/an
(a) The figure above, Figure 6, shows the diagram of
(i) voltmeter be connected in a circuit to
an a.c. single-phase, capacitor-start induction
measure voltage?
motor. Write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and
(ii) ammeter be connected in a circuit to
beside EACH number identify the corresponding
measure current?
part.
(c) List FOUR factors which affect the sensitivity of
a moving coil meter.
(b) State the function of EACH of the corresponding
5. (a) Give TWO examples of ferro-magnetic
parts labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
materials.
(b) Name TWO devices which use the principles
of electromagnetism
Page 18 of 67
(c) The figure below, Figure 1, shows an a.c. (ii) the rotor speed
waveform. Indicate the following on the
N r  N 1  S 
diagram.
 4 
(i) peak-to-peak value  1500 rpm1  
 100 
(iii) r.m.s. value
 1500 rpm1  0.04 
(iii) + peak amplitude
 1500 rpm0.96 
(iv) Cycle
 1440 rpm
1 2 4
(e) 3
L1 L3
C
Figure 1
5
6. (a) Name the TWO types of 3-phase induction motor. Figure 2
(b) State the meaning of the following terms: Figure 2 above shows the schematic diagram of a
(i) Slip three-phase motor starter. Write the numbers 1, 2,
(ii) Jogging 3, 4 and 5. Beside EACH number, write the name
(iii) Synchronous speed of the corresponding parts.
(iv) Plugging (f) Explain the function of EACH part.
(c) At what stage of the induction motor’s operation is
the supply frequency the same in magnitude as the 7. (a) (i) Make a neat sketch of the symbol for a 2-input
rotor frequency? NAND gate.
(d) A 3-phase, 4-pole induction motor operates from a (ii) Write the Boolean expression for the output of
50HZ supply with a slip of 4%. Calculate the the NAND gate.
following: (iii) Develop the truth table for the NAND gate.
(i) the synchronous speed (b)
A G1
120 f P
N  B O
P G2
C Q
In this case one has to be reminded that P  # of
Figure 3
120 x 50 H z 6000
N    1500 rpm
4 4
Page 19 of 67
Figure 3 shows a combination of logic gates G1 and G2 with (ii) 15m from the point directly below the lamp on
outputs at the points P and Q respectively. the horizontal surface.
(i) What type of gates are G1 and G2?
To find the illuminaton at point 15m from directly
(ii) Write the Boolean expressions at the outputs P and below the light source, we must fir st find the
length of the diagonal distance dd. To f ind dd we use
Q Pythagoras Theorem.
(c) State TWO major applications of IC’s in domestic
dd   vd 2  hd 2
appliances.
 5 2  152
8. (a) Explain the following terms, and give their unit of
 25  225
measurement:
(i) luminous intensity  250
(ii) luminous flux  dd  15.811m
(iii) illumination
I Cos
(b) Name and state the TWO laws which explain the  E@ 
 AB 2
point B
level of illumination on a surface, and write the

vd
equation for both. (d) Explain BRIEFLY
2500 cd the
x function of the choke in a
 dd
(c) A lamp with the radiating capacity of 2500 candelas 52 vapour lamp.
low-pressure mercury
is mounted at a point 5m above the surface.
5
2500 cd x
Calculate the level of illumination: 15 .811

(i) directly below the lamp 15 .811 2
2500 cd x 0.316
The illumination directly below the light source 
250
is max. illumination.
 3.16 lux
I Cos
 E max 
d 2
2500 cd x 1

52 9. (a) Name TWO types of signal devices for
2500 cd communications in an office or at home.


25 (b) Explain BRIEFLY the operation of the armature in a
 100 lux bell circuit.
Page 20 of 67
2004 PAPER (c) Name two significant source of energy used for the
generation of electricity for commercial purpose.
1. (a) State the basic function of a p. n. junction diode.
(d) Give two reasons why alternating current is widely
(b) Name one method used to smooth the
used for the distribution of electricity.
pulsating d.c. in a power supply circuit.
(c) Explain briefly the operation of a thyristor and give
5. (a) Name two types of protective device used in the
two of its application.
domestic lighting circuits.
(d) Explain briefly the difference between a thyristor
(b) Give two reasons why domestic lighting circuits are
and a thermistor.
connected in parallel.
(c) State what is meant by:
2. (a) Draw a detailed sketch of a full-wave rectifier circuit
i. short circuit
and describe how the diodes operate.
ii. overload
(b) What type of capacitor is used as a filter in a.c to
(d) List two common devices used for overload
d.c power supply circuit.
protections.
(c) Name two precautions that must be observed when
connecting a filter capacitor in a power supply
6. (a) State one advantage of connecting cell in series
circuit.
rather than in parallel
(d) List three basic transistor amplifier configurations
(b) Name two type of primary cells.
and give the advantage of each.
(c) With the aid of an equation, explain briefly the
difference between the e.m.f and terminal voltage
3. (a) Identify the device whose symbol is shown in the
of a cell.
figure below. Figure 1 and give two of its uses.
(d) State the method of connecting secondary cells to
form a car battery.
(e) What is the name of the device that is used to
I II
measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte of a
III secondary cell?
Figure 1
(f) How are cells connected to give the following:
(b) Write the number I, II and III and write the
(i) increased voltage
corresponding name of its parts.
(ii) reduce internal resistance
(g) Name two factors that limit the flow of
4. (a) What is the main difference effective r.m.s value
current in a resistive circuit consisting of cells as
and the average value of an alternating current?
the source of e.m.f.
(b) Describe briefly the basic principle of operation of
an electric generator.
Page 21 of 67
7. (a) An ac series circuit consisting of a 10 resistor, (i) the impedance of the circuit
0.5H inductor and a capacitor of 100f connected X L  2fl  2 x 3.142 x 50 HZ x 0.5 H x 10 3  15 .71
to a 120V – 50HZ supply. Calculate the following:
10 6
XC   9
(i) the impedance of the circuit 2fC
X L  2fl  2 x 3.142 x 50 HZ x 0.5 H  157 .1 Z  R 2   X L  X C 2
10 6 10 6  82  15 .71  92

XC    31 .827 
2fC 2 x 3.142 x 50 H Z x 100
 64  6.712
Z  R 2   X L  X C 2
 64  45 .0241
 10 2  157 .1  31 .827 2
 109 .0241
 100  125 .273 2
 10 .441
 100  15,693 .32453
 15,793 .32453 (ii) the total current

 125 .671 Vt 120V
It    11.493 A
Z 10.441
(ii) the current in the circuit (iii) the power factor of the circuit
Vt 120V The p.f. of the circuit is the Cosine of the phase
It    0.955 A angle between the supply voltage and current and
Z 125 .671
can be determined by
(iii) the voltage across each component
R 8
p. f .    0.766
VR  IR  0.955 A x 10   9.55V Z 10 .441
VL  IX L  0.955 A x 157 .1  150 .031V

(iv) the phase angle
VC  IX C  0.955 A x 31 .827   30 .395V
The p.f. of the circuit is the cosine of the phase
angle between the supply voltage and current,
(b) An a.c. series circuit consisting of an 8 resistor, a therefore the phase angle is the cos1 of the power
factor
50mH inductor and a variable capacitor with reactance
of 9 connected to a 120V/ 50HZ supply. Calculate the    cos1 p. f .  cos1 0.766  40 0
following:
(vii) the powers of the circuit
There are three powers to be found , the apparent power
S , the true power P and the reactive power Q 
S  VI  120V x 11 .493 A  1379 .16VA
Page 22 of 67
(ii) an RC series circuit with resistance of 100k

P  S x p. f .  1379 .16VA x 0.766  1056 .437W
and capacitance of 300mF
Q  S Sin  1379 .16VA x Sin40  1379 .16VA x 0.643
 886 .8VAR VAR  Volts  Ampere  Reactance T  CR  100 x 103 x 300 x 106  30S
(viii) the size capacitor that will give resonance (d) List the factors that affect the capacitance of a
At resonance X C  X L capacitor
 X C at resonance  15 .71 (e) What is the name of the capacitor that is used to
10 6 10 6 tune a radio station?
Now from the formula X C  , C
2fC 2fX C (f) Write the formulas to determine
10 6 (i) capacitance in series
  202 .59 F
2 x 3.142 x 50 15 .71
1 1 1
(ix) the Q-Factor at resonance Ct    ...
C1 C2 C3
The Q  Factor is the ratio between the voltage
drop across the capacitor or the inductor and the
supply voltage. (ii) capacitance in parallel
VL IX L X 15 .71 Ct  Ct  Ct  Ct ...
Q  Factor    L   1.505
Vt IZ Z 10 .441
(iv) Capacitance in relation to voltage and electric
(c) Define the term, “resonance” charge. Q
C
V
8. (a) A resistor and an inductor are connected in series,
then to a d.c. supply. Sketch the graph of 9. (a) Define the following terms:
(i) the current growth vs time (i) luminous flux
(ii) the current decay vs time (ii) luminous intensity
(b) An RC circuit is connected to a d.c. supply. Sketch (iii) illumination
the graph of (iv) cosine law
(i) the current vs time (v) inverse square law
(ii) the voltage vs time (b) An electric lamp of 300 candelas is installed 5m
(c) Calculate the time constant of above a working plane. Calculate
(i) an RL series circuit with resistance of 10 and (i) the illumination on the surface of the plane
an inductor of 0.75H directly below the lamp.
L 0.75 H The illumination directly below the light source
T   0.075 S
R 10 is max. illumination.
I Cos 300 cd x 1
 E max  
d  2
52
300 cd
  12 lux
25
Page 23 of 67
(ii) the illumination at a point on the surface of the 10. (a) State FOUR factors that affect the resistance of a
working plane when the angle of incidence of the conductor.
light rays is 300. (b) State what is meant by:
Since that the θ of incidence is given 30 along  0
(i) temperature coefficient of resistance
with the vertical distance vd  the diagonal distance
dd  can be found from (ii) resistivity
(c) Name TWO materials with a negative temperature
vd vd 5m 5
 Cosθ  dd     5.774 m
dd Cosθ Cos30 0.866 coefficient of resistance, THREE with a positive
I Cos 300 cd x 0.866 temperature coefficient of resistance and ONE with
Now E    7.874 lux
d2 5.774 2 zero temperature coefficient of resistance
(d) Explain the difference between the terms positive
(iii) the illumination at a point Y, 3m from the immediate temperature coefficient of resistance and negative
point directly below the light source on the same temperature coefficient of resistance
surface.
To find the illuminaton at point 3m from directly 11. (a) A copper conductor 8m long of cross-sectional-area
below the light source, we must fir st find the
length of the di agonal distance dd. To f ind dd we use 1mm2 having a resistance 0.127 at 200C.
Pythagoras Theorem.
Calculate the resistance of a second conductor at
dd   vd 2  hd 2 200C, which is of the same material, same cross-
sectional-area but has a length of 30m.
 5 2  32
First find the resistivity of the material.
 25  9
l RA
From the formula R  ,  
A l
 36
 dd  6m 
 
0.127 x 1 x 10  3
2

0.127 x 10  6
8 8
I Cos  0.015875 x 10  6  1.5875 x 10 8

 E@ 
dd 2
point B
Now use this same resistivity for the 2 nd conductor

vd
300 cd x
dd l 1.5875 x 10 8 x 30
 R   0.47625 
62 A 1 x 10  6
5
300 cd x
 6
36
300 cd x 0.833

36
 6.942 lux
Page 24 of 67
(ii) If the temperature coefficient of copper is 0.0039, (d) The armature of a d.c. machine has a resistance of
calculate the resistance of the second conductor at 0.075 ohms. The machine is connected to a 220V
450C, mentioned above supply. Calculate the generated e.m.f when it is
R2  R1 1   t 2  t1  running as a
 
 0.47625 1  0.0039 45 0  20 0  (i) generator delivering 60A
 0.47625 1  0.0039 25 

For a generator
0
Vt  Eg  I a Ra 
 0.47625 1  0.0975   Eg  Vt  I a Ra 
 0.47625 1.0975   220V  60 A x 0.075  
 0.523   220V  4.5V
 224 .5V
(b) The field coil of a generator has a resistance of
250 at 150C. By how much will the resistance of (ii) motor taking 40A
the coil increase at a working temperature of 650C? For a motor
The temperature coefficient of resistance of the Vt  E g  I a Ra 
conductor is 0.0043.  E g  Vt  I a Ra 
First find R2 then subtract R1 from R2  220V  60 A x 0.075  
R2  R1 1   t 2  t1   220V  4.5V
  
 250 1  0.0043 65 0  15 0  215 .5V
 250 1  0.0043 40  0 13. (a) Name the MAIN parts of a split-phase motor
 250 1  0.172  (b) Name the TWO types of three-phase induction

motor.
 250 1.172 
 293 
14. (a) Explain what is meant by the terms
Therefore, the amount the resistance (i) synchronous speed
increases by is 293   250 
 43 (ii) rotor speed
(iii) slip speed
12. (a) State Lenz’ law (iv) per-unit-slip
(b) Draw the diagram for
(i) series wound d.c. motor
(ii) shunt wound d.c. motor
(ii) compound wound
(c) State the characteristics of each type.
Page 25 of 67
(c) A four-pole three-phase induction motor is 15. (a) Define the following terms:
connected to a 415V-50HZ three-phase supply and (i) Jogging
has a per-unit-slip of 0.4. Calculate the rotor (ii) Plugging
speed. (b) When any attempt is made to start a motor, the
120 f fuse blow. Explain briefly TWO tests you would
N
P perform to determine the cause of the blown fuse.
In this case one has to be reminded that P  # of (c) State TWO broad categories of inspections
required for the efficient maintenance of electric
120 x 50 H z 6000
N    1500 rpm motors.
4 4
(d) List TWO checks necessary for the service and
N r  N 1  S 
maintenance of electric motors and the auxiliary
 1500 rpm1  0.4 
equipment.
 1500 rpm0.6 
 900 rpm 16. (a) State what is meant by the term ‘auto
transformer”
(d) A four-pole three-phase induction motor has a (b) Write an equation showing the relationship
speed of 1200 r.p.m. at full load when connected to between the turns, voltage and the current ration of
a 220V-50HZ supply. Calculate the following: a transformer.
(i) Synchronous speed N P VP I
  S
NS VS IP
120 f
N
P
N 
120 x 50 H z 6000
  1500 rpm
17. A 50 kVA transformer has a primary winding with
4 4
resistance of 0.5 ohms and a secondary winding with
(ii) Percentage slip resistance of 0.001 ohms. The primary and secondary
voltages are 1000V and 450V respectively. Calculate
 N  Nr  the efficiency of the transformer at full load for a power
% S    x 100
 N 
factor of 0.8, when the transformer is having a core loss
 1500  1200  of 2.5kW.
  x 100
 1500 
This one is a massive one. first you must find the currents
 20 % flowing in both coils / windings.
Pi 50 kVA
IP    50 A
VP 1kV
Po 50 kVA
IS    111 .111 A
VS 0.45 kV
Page 26 of 67
Now the copper Cu  loss for each coil would be (b) What is the advantage of using an “OR” gate over
an “AND” gate?
Pri. Cu loss  I P2 R P  50 2 x 0.5  1250 W
(c) What is the name of the logic gate that can be used
Sec. Cu loss  I S2 RS  111 .111 2 x 0.001  12 .346W to replace the switching arranging shown in the
The total loss  Pri. Cu loss  Sec. Cu loss  Fe loss figure below?
 1250 W  12 .346W  2500 W  3762 .346 W
 3.762346 kW A
Now you must either change from Apparent

Power S  to True Power P  or vice versa + B
R
So lets change the App. P to True P. -
P  S p. f .  50 kVA x 0.8  40 kW
(d) State what is meant by the term integrated circuit.
 losses 
  1   x 100 (e) State TWO devices in which integrated circuit are
 Pi 
used.
 3.762346 kW 
 1   100 (f) State THREE advantages of integrated circuit over
 40 kW 
discrete components.
 1  0.094  x 100
 0.906  x 100 20. (a) List TWO essential components of a telephone

 90 .6% headset.
(b) State the function of ONE of the components listed
18. (a) In the figure below (figure 2), what quantity will above.
the meter labeled (c) Explain how sound waves are able to produce an
(i) 1 measure electric current.
(ii) 2 measure
21. (a) Explain the purpose of:
1
(i) the shunt resistor in extending the range of a meter
2 (ii) the multiplier resistor in extending the range of a
12V
R meter
(b) List TWO factors that affect the sensitivity of an
FIGURE 2 analogue instrument.
19. (a) Draw a circuit diagram which shows a
Lamp controlled by two switches functioning as an 22. (a) Explain the difference between POWER and
“AND” gate. ENERGY.
Page 27 of 67
(b) State TWO factors on which the force on a current (customer charge) of $40.00 per month, calculate
carrying conductor depends. the electricity bill.
(c) A 1.25m long current-carrying conductor is carrying
First determine the amount of kWH of energy
a current of 25A at right angle to a magnetic field consumed over the period from May 1 to June 1.
with density of 0.75tesla. Calculate the force on To do so you subtract the Prev. reading from the
Pres. reading
the conductor.
Energy Consumed  02245  01234  1011 kWh
F  B I L
For the 1st 500 kWh is @ $1.25 / kWh
 0.75 x 25 x 1.25
 500 x $1.25  $625 .00
 23 .4375 N
Energy next @ $2.50 / kWh
 511 x $2.50  $1277 .50

23. (a) Explain how an e.m.f. can be induced into a coil
Electricity Bill  $625 .00  $1277 .50  meter rental
and give TWO factors that affect the value of the
 $625 .00  $1277 .00  $40 .00  $1942 .50
induced e.m.f.
(b) Name the TWO magnetic fields that are
responsible for the movements of the pointer in a 26. (a) How can the direction of rotation of the following
galvanometer. motors be changed:
(c) State FOUR characteristics of magnetic lines of (i) d.c. motor
force. (ii) split-phase motor
(d) Write the SI unit for magneto-motive force. (iii) universal motor
(e) State TWO things that can be done to strengthen (iv) three-phase motor
the magnetic field of a solenoid.
24. (a) Name TWO types of signaling circuit. 2006 PAPER

(b) Name TWO of the components of a signaling circuit SECTION A
(c) Name the types of tests that are to be carried out
on a newly built installation. 1. (a) State TWO operations required to change the
output of a alternator to a steady d.c. value.
25. (a) A kWh meter showed a reading of 01234 on May (b) Name TWO instruments that are used to measure
1st 2005. On June 1st 2005, the reading was the state of charge of a lead acid battery.
02245. For the 1st 500 kWh of electricity used, the (c) Explain the energy conversions that take place in
cost is $1.25 per unit. For every kWh after, a cost the following electric circuits in an automobile.
of $2.50 per unit is to be paid. A meter rental (i) The starter circuit
(ii) The battery charging circuit
Page 28 of 67
2. (a) Name TWO types of e.m.f.s that are induced in the S1
windings of a double-wound power transformer in C
operation.
(b) List TWO design features of the iron core of a
power transformer that reduce the effects of eddy FIGURE 1
currents. Explain the function of the capacitor, C, and switch, S1

(c) Explain the increase in the current in the primary
winding of a double-wound power transformer 5. (a) State OHM’s Law and write the formula that
when there is an increase in the secondary represents OHM’s Law
current. (b) The figure below shows a resistive circuit.
3. (a) Give TWO specifications that must be

4
considered in selecting a semiconductor diode 5
for use in a half-wave rectifier circuit.
4
9V
(b) State the junction bias conditions that control the 2
DC
operation of a silicon transistor used as a switch
in a logic circuit.
(c) With reference to the transfer characteristic, Calculate the
explain the operation of the following categories (i) total resistance
of transistor amplifiers:
First find the single equivalent resistance
(i) Class A amplifiers for the parallel section
(ii) Class B amplifiers 4x4 R 4
RP   2 OR RP    2
4 4 n 2
4. (a) Give TWO methods used to reduce the starting Now this 2 is in series with a 5 & another
2
current in a three-phase alternating current motor
starters.  Rt  RP  R5  R2
(b) Name TWO effects of an electric current that are  2  5  2  9

the basis for constructing over-current protection (ii) total current
devices in the three-phase motor starters.
Vt 9V
It    1A
(c) Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of a Rt 9
single-phase capacitor start induction motor.
(d) Name TWO components that oppose the flow of
alternating current in the running winding of a split-
phase motor.
Page 29 of 67
SECTION B (v) Power

Three powers can be determined
6. (a) The figure below is the schematic diagram of a S  VI  30V x 0.892 A  26 .76VA
normally open relay circuit. P  S p. f .  26 .76VA x 0.357  9.547 W
Q S 2  P2  26 .76 2  9.547 2

 716 .0976  91 .145209  624 .952391
Set  24 .999VAR
C
30V
L OR
50Hz Control
D
Reset Circuit

Q  S Sin Cos 1 p. f . 

 26 .76 x Sin Cos 1 0.357 
Given that the coil resistance, Rc = 12 Ohms, Inductance,  26 .76 x Sin69 .084 
L = 0.1H, and the supply Vs = 30V @ 50Hz, calculate the  26 .76 x 0.934
 24 .99VAR
(i) Inductive reactance of the coil
X L  2fL  2 x 3.142 x 50 H Z x 0.1H (b) Explain briefly the protection provided to control the
circuit by the relay circuit.
 31 .42 
(c) Explain briefly the function of contacts C and D
(ii) Impedance of the coil (d) Name a passive electronic component that can reduce
arcing at the contact points C and D.
Z  R 2   X L 2
 12 2  31 .42 2 7. (a) The figure below shows the schematic diagram of a
 144  987 .2164 transistor amplifier.
 1131 .2164
 33 .634  Ic RL
R1
(iii) Current in the coil 32.5 k Ohms
C
C2
B
V 30V Vcc
It  t   0.892 A C1 12V DC
Zt 33.634 
E
R2
5 k Ohms
IE RE
C3
(iv) Power factor
R 12
p. f .    0.357 G
Z 33.634 
Page 30 of 67
Given that VCE = 5V, VBE = 0.6V, IC =IE = 1mA, calculate 8. (a) The Figures below (A and B) show AND and OR
the control logic system arrangements respectively.
(i) voltage drop between the points B and G
(ii) value of RE SA SB
(iii) value of RC Normally open
contacts
First find the voltage drop across R2 VR 2  by using
+ Relay
the voltage  divider  rule.
Coil
VCC x R2 12V x 5000 -
V2    1.6V
R1  R2 32500  5000
Now VR 2 is in parallel with the nodes B & G which FIG. A

are the same as VBE  VRE
 VRE  V2  VBE  1.6V  0.6V  1V

SA
Now using Ohm' s Law
VRE 1 SB Relay
RE    1k +
IE 1 x 10  3 Coil
-
Now from the formula VCC  I C RC  VCE  I E RE
VCC  VCE  I E RE FIG. B

RC 
IC Give the logic state when switches A and B are in the
12V  5V  1V following positions:
 3
6k
1 x 10 (i) Switch A and B are open
(ii) Switch A and B are closed
(b) Explain briefly the terms ‘amplitude modulation’ and (b) Construct a truth table that shows the output for
‘frequency modulation’ in the transmission of radio any combination of states of switches A and B in
signals. the AND arrangement shown in figure A
AM - this is a technique used in electronic (c) Construct a truth table that shows the output for
communication, most commo nly for transmitting
information via a radio carrier wave any combination of states of switches A and B in
the OR arrangement shown in figure B
(c) Explain briefly the term ‘natural frequency’ as applied to (d) Explain briefly the operation of a normally closed
oscillations in a circuit containing capacitance alarm circuit connected in an AND control logic
connected in series. arrangement.
(e) Explain briefly the operation of a normally open
The frequency or fre quencies at which an object tends
to vibrate with when hit, struck, plucked, strummed or alarm circuit connected in an OR control logic
somehow disturbed is known as the natural frequency
of the object system arrangement.
(f) The figure below shows a logic arrangement.
Page 31 of 67
SECTION C
A
B
F 10. (a) Name the network for computers which are
C interconnected
D
(i) in offices
Derive a Boolean expression for the logic arrangement (ii) across the world
shown in the figure above. (b) List two major advantages of networking computers
in offices.
9. A single-phase, double wound transformer has a (c) Name four input devices that can be used to input
voltage ratio of 230V: 60V. A 2k resistive load is data to a computer system.
connected across the secondary winding. There are (d) Name the type of computer software program that
600 turns on the secondary winding. is dedicated to the following office processes:
(a) Calculate (i) the preparation of customers accounts
(i) the number of turns in the primary winding (ii) keeping up-to-date records of customers
information
VP N P
From the formula 
VS NS (ii) prepare letters and memoranda
VP x N S 230V x 600 (e) Explain the terms ROM and RAM

 NP    2300
VS 60V 11. The figure below shows the schematic diagram for a
(ii) the secondary power lead-lag circuit for operating a pair of fluorescent lamps.
Since VS and RL are the ones that are known,
S
we' ll use the formula P 

VS  2

60 
2
 1.8W
RL 2000 L2
(iii) the primary current

S
IS 
VS   60   0.03 A
RL 2000 C2 L1
C1
(b) Explain briefly the copper losses in a transformer
and their relationship to the transformer load.
(c) Explain briefly the iron losses in a transformer and L N
their relationship to the transformer load.

(d) Explain the term ‘electrostatic screening’ in relation (a) Explain briefly the function of the choke in the
to a power transformer. operation of electric discharge lamps.
Page 32 of 67
(b) Explain briefly the term ‘stroboscopic effect’ with 3. (a) Define the following terms
reference to electric discharge lighting in industrial (i) Capacitance
settings. (ii) Resistance
(c) Explain briefly the functions of capacitor C1 and (iii) Inductance
capacitor C2 in the operation of the lead-lag (iv) Power Factor
fluorescent lamp circuit. (v) Impedance
(d) Name two gases used in the construction of electric (vi) Capacitive Reactance
discharge lamps. (vii) Inductive Reactance
(e) Give two inductive components used in the
construction of electric discharge lamps. 4. Figures below , A and B show schematic symbols of
(f) List two major advantages of using fluorescent two semiconductor devices
lamps in industrial installations.
4 5
1 3 1
1
1 1
2007 PAPER A B
SECTION A
2
1 6
1
1. (a) Name TWO materials that can be added to a pure (a) Name EACH device
semiconductor material to form N-type (b) Identify TWO terminals on EACH device
semiconductors. (c) Give ONE application of EACH device
(b) (i) Name the area in the PN junction diode where 5. Figure 3 below shows the internal connections of a
ionization takes place. direct on-line motor starter.
(ii) Name the process used to produce P or N type 1
2 3
semiconductor materials.
2. (a) Define the term “resistivity” of a material. 6

(b) Write an expression showing the relationship 4 5
between the cross-sectional-area (A) and the
resistance (R) of a given conductor.
(c) What is the resistance of 20 meters of copper
conductor with a cross-sectional-area of 1.5 mm2?
(The resistivity of copper is 1.59 x 10-8m) (a) Write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and beside EACH
number, write the name of the part of the motor
l 1.59 x 10 8 x 20 31 .8 x 10 8
R    0.212 
A  
1.5 x 10 3
2
1.5 x 10 6 starter.
(b) State the main function of the labeled parts.
Page 33 of 67
SECTION B (c) Make a neat sketch indicating the current and

voltage relationship of the components in an RC
6. (a) An 80 F capacitor draws a current of 1.0A when series circuit.
220V a.c. is connected across it. Calculate
(i) The frequency of the supply voltage 7. The figure below shows the internal connections of a
measuring instrument
First find the reactance of the capacitor
Vt 220V
XC    220 
It 1A
10 6 10 6
Now X C  so f 
2fC 2CX C
10 6
  9.04 H Z
2 x 3.142 x 80 x 220
(ii) The value of resistance connected in series to

reduce the current to 0.75A at the same frequency (a) Write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and beside EACH
The new current is now0.75 A, therefore there' s a number, write the name of the part of the
Vt 220V instrument.
new impedance, Z    293 .33 also
I 0.75 A (b) State the main function of EACH labeled parts.
Z  R 2   X C 2 (c) You are given a measuring instrument, which has
1mA Full-Scale-Deflection (FSD) at an internal
 R  Z 2   X C 2
resistance of 50. Use this instrument to construct
 293 .33 2
 220 
2
a voltmeter with 10V and 25V ranges.
 86042 .4889  48400 Calculate the values of the series resistors required
for EACH voltage range.
 37624 .4889  194 .017 
For such an arrangement the coil resistance is in
series with the external resistor, therefore
(iii) The phase angle of the RC series circuit.
Rt  R  Rm and R  Rt  Rm , but Rt also 
Vt V 10V
  Cos1
R
 Cos1
194 .017 , so R  t  Rm   50  9950 
Z 293 .33 It It 1 x 10 3
OR
 Cos1 0.661  48 .59 0 Find the voltage drop in the coil resistance
Vm  I t . Rm  1mA x 50   0.05V
Now the voltage drop across the ext. resistor is

VR  Vt  Vm  10V  0.05V  9.95V
VR 9.95V
Now R    9950 
I t 1 x 10 3
Do the same for the 25V range.
Page 34 of 67
8. The figures below are four logic gates (b) Name TWO sources of energy used for the generation
X X
of electricity for commercial purposes.
1 Z 3 Z
Y Y
(c) Give TWO reasons why a.c. is widely used for the
X X distribution of electricity.
2 Z 4 Z
Y Y
(d) Give TWO reasons why domestic lighting circuits are
(a) Write the name of each logic gate. connected in parallel.
(b) Construct the tables to show the input and output (e) State what is meant by the following:
states for the logic gates. (i) Short circuit
(c) List FOUR types of application software used in (ii) Overload
personal computers.
(d) State the difference between hardware and
software in any computer system. 2008 PAPER
SECTION A
9. The figure below shows a typical Power Distribution
System. 1. (a) Name THREE types of transistor configurations.
Step-down High voltage (b) What types of transistor configuration will you
transformer to Industry select to design a high input impedance and a low
Very high voltage 3 supply to
transmission lines industry output impedance amplifier.
(c) In a transistor amplifier circuit, for a base current of
50A, the collector current is 3mA. Calculate the
Power Station Consumer
sub-station current gain of the amplifier circuit.
1 supply to
District domestic IC 3 x 10 3
Step-up AV    60
sub- consumers I B 50 x 10  6
transformer station
3 4 wire
supply
2. (a) Name TWO electromotive forces that are induced
A typical National Power Distribution System in the conductors of a double wound power
transformer.
(a) Explain briefly the function of EACH of the following: (b) A step-down transformer with an input of 240V
(i) Power Station gives an output of 24V. The transformer has 800
(ii) Step up Transformer turns of primary windings. Calculate the number of
(iii) Step Down Transformer turns on the secondary windings.
(iii) Sub – stations N P VS 800 x 24
NS    80
VP 240
Page 35 of 67
(c) What are the TWO MAIN losses present in an iron SECTION B
core transformer under load conditions?
(d) A high voltage transmission line causes electric 6. (a) (i) (a) State Ohm’s Law.
energy from location A to be used at location B. (b) Write down the mathematical relationship
What types of transformers are equipped at the two between the current (I), the voltage (V),
locations? and the resistance (R) of a circuit.
(ii) Explain briefly the term “resistivity”.
3. (a) State TWO methods of increasing the terminal (b) The figure below shows a series-parallel circuit.
voltage of a d.c. generator. Calculate the
(b) Name the field windings of a compound wound d.c. (i) The total resistance of the circuit.
generator. (ii) voltage drop across the resistor R1.
(c) State TWO methods used to excite the magnetic (iii) voltage drop across the resistor R5.
field of a d.c. generator. (iv) power dissipated by the resistor R5.
(d) State Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
7. (a) State the difference between primary and
4. (a) In the case of a parallel plate capacitor, state the secondary cells.
impact on the capacitance of the capacitor if, (b) State TWO safety precautions which should be
(i) the area of the plates of the capacitor is observed when charging secondary cells.
increased. (c) (i) Explain briefly the principle of operation of a
(ii) the distance between the plates is decreased lead-acid cell.
(b) Name THREE dielectric materials used in the (ii) State TWO MAIN indicators of a fully charged
construction of a capacitor. lead-acid cell.
(c) State One application of a capacitor in electronic (d) A 6 resistor is connected across a lead-acid cell.
circuits. The potential difference across the battery
terminals is 20V for the open-circuit, and 18V when
5. (a) Name TWO input and TWO output devices in a the circuit is closed. Calculate the
computer system. (i) current in the circuit
(b) Explain briefly the difference between ROM
Vt 18V
memory and RAM memory in a computer system. It    3A
RL 6
(ii) internal resistance of the battery

E 20V
ri   RL   6  0.667 
It 3A
Page 36 of 67
8. (a) Explain briefly the following terms: (c) Sketch the circuit diagram of a quick-start
(i) Luminous flux fluorescent lamp circuit. Describe briefly the
(ii) Illumination operation of the circuit.
(b) A light source is suspended from a ceiling 5m
above a working table. The illumination on the 9.
working table at right angle to the light source is
250 Lux. Calculate the
(i) luminous intensity of the light source
(ii) illumination at a point 3m along the working
table surface Figure II
(a) In Figure II, an electric lamp is controlled by the
I
i. E  2  I  E . d 2  250 x 25  6250cd switches S1, S2, S3 and S4. For Figure II,
d
(i) Draw the equivalent logic circuit which can
ii. To find the illuminaton at point B, we must first
find the length of the diagonal line (dd). To find dd replace the four switches S1, S2, S3 and S4.
we use Pythagoras Theorem.
(ii) Using the three switches S2, S3 and S4. as in
dd 2
 vd   hd 
2 2
puts and the electric lamp as an output, draw
 52  32 the truth table of the circuit.

 25  9 Assume that the open state of the switches is
 34
 dd  34 represented by logic 0, and the closed state is
 5.831 m represented by logic 1, and the state of switch

S1 is logic 1 or it is closed.
I Cos
 E@ point B 
dd 2 (b)
A E
vd
6250 cd x
 dd B
5.831 2
A
5
6250 cd x
 5. 831 C
34
D F
6250 cd x 0.857

34 Figure III
 157 .537 lux A logic circuit is shown in Figure III. A, B, C
and D represent inputs the circuit. Derive
expressions for the outs at the points E, F and
G.
Page 37 of 67
SECTION C 2009 PAPER

SECTION A
10.
1. (a) State Ohm’s Law.
(b) Figure 1 shows a series-parallel circuit
4 ohms
S1
2 ohms
8 ohms
9V D.C
Figure 1
Calculate the
(i) total resistance when S1 is closed
Figure IV shows the diagram of a four pole d.c. motor.
4x8
(a) In your booklet, write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5. Rt  2   2  2.462  4.462 
48
Beside EACH number write the name of the
corresponding part of the d.c. motor shown in the (ii) total resistance when S1 is open
figure. Rt  2  8  10 
(b) Explain the MAIN function of EACH part of the d.c.
motor name in part (a) above. (iii) total current when S1 is closed
(c) Name THREE types of d.c. motors that are
Vt 9V
indentified by the way the armature and field It    3.656 A
Rt 2.462 
windings are connected in the motor.
(d) State TWO ways of achieving a reversal of rotation (iv) total current when S1 is open
in a d.c. motor. Vt 9V
It    0.9 A
Rt 10
(v) power dissipated in the 2 resistor

when the switch S1 is closed.
P2  I 2 x R2
 3.656 2 x 2  26 .733W
(c) Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
Page 38 of 67
2. (a) Name TWO factors which impact on the inductance 4. (a) You are given a Volt/Amp meter. State how you
of an inductor. will increase
(e) Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of a step-up (i) the voltage range of the instrument.
transformer. (ii) the current range of the instrument.
(b) (i) What type of meter shows readings on a linear
scale?
10V A.C LOAD (ii) What type of meter shows readings on a non-
(60Hz) 10 Ohms
linear scale?
1:2
Figure 2 5. (a) Give ONE reason why a.c. is preferred over d.c. for
The ratio of the primary to secondary windings is 1:2. transmitting voltages over long distances.
Assume that the transformer is 100% efficient. (b) Name TWO primary sources of energy used for the
Calculate the generation of electricity in commercial systems.
(i) Secondary voltage Vs (c) (i) State TWO alternative sources of primary
(ii) Primary current Ip energy for generation of electricity.
i. Since the turns ratio  the voltage ratio, (ii) Explain briefly the principle of conversion of
VP : VS  1 : 2 ONE such alternative source.
 VS  2VP  2 x 10V  20V
ii. I P : I S  2 : 1 the opposite of voltage ratio SECTION B
VS 2V 2 x 20
IS   IP  S   4A
RL RL 10 6. (a) With the aid of a diagram show and state how you
will connect a p-n junction semiconductor diode to
(f) State ONE reason why a transformer core is a d.c. supply to
laminated. (i) reverse bias the diode
(ii) forward bias the diode
3. (a) What is the MAIN advantage of a full-wave rectifier (b) Figure 3 shows the schematic of a transistor
over a half-wave rectifier in power circuit. amplifier.
(b) Name TWO components used to change pulsating
d.c. to smooth d.c. in a power supply circuit.
(c) Draw the schematic diagram of a full-wave bridge
rectifier.
Page 39 of 67
12V DC (ii) You are given two switches, S1 and S2, a relay
Vcc
and a d.c. power supply. Construct a circuit
Ic RL
R1 representing the function of an AND gate.

24 k Ohms
C
C2 Explain briefly the operation of the circuit.
C1
B
(b) A logic circuit with inputs A, B, C and D is shown in
E
Figure 4.
R2
6 k Ohms
IE RE
C3
A
L
B N
G
Figure 3
INPUTS
O
For RL = 4.7k, VBE = 0.6V, VCE = 5.5V an IC = IE, calculate

the C
(i) voltage VBG D

M
(ii) voltage drop across the resistor RE Figure 4
(iii) value of current IC

(iv) value of RE Derive Boolean expressions at each output point.
V x R2 12V x 6000Ω
i. VBG  VR2  CC   2.4V (c) (i) Name FOUR devices that can be used to
R1  R2 24000Ω  6000Ω
output information from a personal computer.
ii. VRE  VBG  VBE  2.4V  0.6V  1.8V
(ii) State the difference between operating system
V
iii. I C  CC

 VRE  VCE


12V  1.8V  5.5V
 1mA
RL 4700Ω software and application software in a
V 1.8V microcomputer system. Name ONE example
iv. RE  RE   1.8kΩ
IE 1mA in EACH case.
8. (a) Explain briefly the difference between a primary

(c) Explain briefly the functions of the capacitors C1,
and a secondary cell.
C2 and C3.
(b) State the expression for the terminal resistance (r)
(g) State the application of the circuit shown in Figure
of a cell in terms of its e.m.f. (E) and terminal
3 in a radio receiver circuit.
voltage (V), for a load current (I).
(c) For a primary cell, explain briefly the terms
7. (a) (i) Draw the symbols of logic AND and NOR
(i) Polarization
gates. Develop a truth table for both gates
(ii) Local action
using two inputs.
(d) State TWO advantages of an alkaline cell over a
lead-acid cell.
Page 40 of 67
(e) The voltage at the terminals of a battery is 12V (d) A 230V d.c. motor with negligible shunt winding
when no load is connected, and 10V when a load is current, and a series winding with 0.5 resistance
using a current flow of 8A is connected. and an armature with 0.1Ω takes 60A from the
(i) Find the internal resistance of the battery. supply voltage.
(ii) What would be the terminal voltage when a Calculate the
load using a current flow of 5A is connected to (i) series windings voltage drop
the battery? (ii) armature voltage drop
E  V 12V  10V (iii) power loss in the motor windings
i. ri    0.25 
I 8A (iv) back e.m.f. generated in the armature of
ii. V  E  I . ri  the motor
 12V  5 x 0.25  i. VSer  I t . RSer  60 A x 0.5  30V
 12V  1.25V  10 .75V ii. Va  I a . Ra  60 A x 1  60V
iii. Ploss  I t2 . RSer  60 2 x 0.5  1800 W
9. iv. E  Vt  I t RSer  Ra 
+  230V  60 A0.5  1 
 230V  60 A x 1.5
1 A 2 3 4  140V
(e) Explain briefly the sources of TWO major types of

- energy loss in a d.c. motor.
FIGURE 5
(a) What are the functions of the variable resistor (3)

and the compound field winding (4) in the
compound motor shown in Figure 5 above?
(b) Describe briefly the operation of the commutator
associated with the armature of the compound
motor shown in Figure 5.
(c) State the TWO laws of electromagnetic induction
which influence the magnitude and direction of the
back e.m.f. in a compound motor.
Page 41 of 67
SECTION C 11. (a) explain briefly the following term:

(i) Illumination
10. (ii) Luminous Intensity
5
(b) State TWO advantages of incandescent lamps over
6
2
gas-filled lamps.
(c) Explain why lamps in domestic electrical
3 installations are connected in parallel.
(d) Figure 7 shows a switch-start fluorescent circuit
with glow type starter.
8 C2
4
7
1
Figure 6
(a) Figure 6 shows the layout of a computer Choke
laboratory. In your answer booklet write the

numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Indentify EACH C1
of the corresponding parts by writing the name of L N

Figure 7
the part next to the number.
(b) Name any TWO of the conductors in the earthing (i) Explain briefly the function of the choke in the
system of an electrical installation. circuit.
(c) Describe how earthing of exposed metals in an (ii) State the function of C1 and C2 in the circuit.
electrical installation provides protection from (e) A customer requires two lamps to be controlled
electric shock. from two different locations along a corridor.
(d) Briefly explain the purpose of the switch feed, Design a schematic diagram to satisfy the
travelers, and the switch wire in a two-way switch customer.
control of a filament lamp. (f) Name TWO instruments you can use to test the
(e) Describe TWO advantages of using circuit breakers circuit for (e) above before it is energized.
instead of fuses.
Page 42 of 67
2011 PAPER 2. (a) State the difference between the application

SECTION A software and the operating system software used in
computers.
1 (a) State Ohm’s Law and write the formula that (b) Name TWO commercial software packages used to
represents Ohm’s Law. implement database applications.
(b) Figure 1 shows a series-parallel resistive circuit. (c) List ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of
networking computers in offices using single server.
R1= 6 ohms R3= 9 ohms
(d) State what is a RAM software and state the main
S
function of RAM software computers.
6V R2= 6 ohms
3. (a) With the aid of simple diagrams, describe the main

difference between a double-wound step-up
FIGURE 1
Calculate the transformer and an auto-transformer.
(i) total resistance when the switch S is closed (b) A single-phase double-wound transformer has 200
primary turns and 50 secondary turns. What will be
When the switch is closed, the two 6Ω resistors
are in parallel, therefore you'll have to make the secondary voltages and the secondary current
them one effective resistance,
if the transformer has an a.c. input of 120V at 1A?
R 6
So RP    3Ω and the total resistance
n 2 N P VP I
From the formula   S,
NS VS IP
Rt  9Ω  3Ω  12Ω
VP . N S 120V x 50
VS    30V
(ii) total resistance when the switch S is open NP 200
When the switch is open, one 6Ω resistor is out VP . I P 120V x 1A

and I S    4A
of the circuit, therefore only one is in series with VS 30V
the 9Ω resistor,
So total resistance Rt  9Ω  6Ω  15Ω OR
(iii) total current when the switch S is closed NP . IP 200 x 1A
IS    4A
When the switch is closed, the total resistance NS 50
Rt  12 Ω
OR
Vt 6V
 It    0.5 A Since the turns and voltage ratio is 4 : 1, then
Rt 12 
the current ratio is 1 : 4, therefore,
(ii) maximum power develop in the 9 resistor I S  4 I P  4 x 1A  4 A
The maximum power developed is when the

maximum current flows through it, and that' s
when the two 6Ω resistors are in the circuit.
 P9Ω  I t 2 x R9Ω  0.5 2 x 9Ω  2.25W
Page 43 of 67
4. (a) State the main difference between a primary and a (i) Use the diagram to show the phase
secondary cell. relationship between the voltage VL and the
(b) Explain briefly the action of “polarization” in a current IL associated with the inductor.
primary cell. (ii) Illustrate the relationship between the current IL
(c) A commercial battery with an open circuit voltage of and the voltage VL using a vector diagram.
14.4V has a terminal voltage of 12.2V when (c) An a.c. supply of 110V and 50HZ is applied across
supplying a current of 20A to a load. Calculate the an inductor of 0.5H. Calculate the current IL flowing
internal resistance of the battery. through the inductor.
5. (a) Sketch a p-n junction diode connected to a cell and
Vt 110V 110V
a single switch under forward bias condition. IL   
XL 2fL 2 x 3.142 x 50 H Z x 0.5
Explain what happens when the circuit is closed.
 0.7 A
(b) State TWO characteristics of Class A power
amplifier.
(d) Define the term “e.m.f. of a self inductance”. Give
(c) Which semiconductor device is used to replace
ONE application of e.m.f. of self induction in
relays and contactors in industrial control
electronic circuits.
applications?
7. (a) Draw the symbols of logic OR and NAND gates.

SECTION B
(b) Derive a Boolean expression at the output O for the
logic circuit shown in Figure 3.
6. (a) (i) Define “inductive reactance”.
(ii) Write the formula for inductive reactance and A
explain EACH of the terms in the formula.

INPUTS
C O
OUTPUT
(b) An alternating voltage source is connected across D
an inductor L as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3
(c) Using logic gates, implement the expression given

below:
VL
(A + B) + (C.D.E) + FGH
L (d) An apartment has two doors and two windows.

IL Theses doors and windows are equipped with
a.c. sensors consisting of switches which are open

supply when any of the doors or windows is open.
Figure 2 Using an OR gate with four inputs, construct a
circuit, such that the output of the OR gate is high
Page 44 of 67
when any or all of the windows and doors are of the three-phase supply when the reverse
open. circuit is activated?
8. (a) (i) Name the TWO main parts of a three-phase (v) State THREE reasons why each of the three
motor. power lines in a three-phase motor connected
(ii) Define the term “synchronous speed” for a through a motor-control circuit must be
squirrel-cage motor. switched off.
(iii) A three-phase squirrel-cage motor is operating 9. (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the principle of
from a 110V, 60HZ supply. What is the operation of the Wheatstone bridge.
synchronous speed of this motor? (b) State ONE application of the Wheatstone bridge.
(c) State TWO safety precautions that should be
120 f
N 
P observed when connecting a multimeter in an
In this problem, no number of poles was given
electric circuit.
(d) A moving coil meter has a coil resistance of 10
(iv) State Two advantages of squirrel-cage motor.
(v) Give ONE disadvantage of the use of squirrel- and requires a potential difference of 100mV dc to
cage motor. give full-scale-deflection (fsd).

Calculate the value of
(vi) State TWO methods used to start three-phase
(i) the series resistance required to enable the
squirrel-cage induction motor.
instrument to give full-scale-deflection of 240V
(b) Figure 4 shows the line diagram of a motor-
control circuit. For such an arrangement the coil resistance is in
series with the external resistor, therefore find the
current flowing through the coil. This current is
the same flowing through the resistor R 
L1 L2
FORWARD
STOP
OL
Vm 100 x 10 3
F R
F So I m    10mA
Rm 10Ω
REVERSE
Vt 240V
R Now find Rt ,    24000Ω
R F It 10 x 10 3
Now R  Rt  Rm  24000Ω  10Ω  23990Ω
NOTE: The series resistance is usually very high,

(i) Identify THREE purposes of the motor- this is to allow a high (the higher portion of the
voltage) drop across it.
control circuit shown by the line-diagram in
Figure 4.
(ii) A motor is controlled by the circuit shown in
Figure 4. If the motor is running in the
FORWARD direction, what happen to the lines
Page 45 of 67
(ii) the shunt resistance to convert the meter 11. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:
to an ammeter to read full-scale-deflection (i) Illumination
of 10A. (ii) Luminous Flux
For such an arrangement the coil resistance is in (b) State the inverse square law for photometry.
parallel with the external resistor, therefore the (c) Figure 6 shows a street lamp of 2000cd which
same voltage drop will be across both and the
total current 10A will be shared between them. hangs 5m above the ground.
But remember that the meter coil resistance takes
10mA and 100mV.
VR Vm 100 x 10  3
R   
IR 
I t  I m 10  10 x 10  3 
100 x 10  3
  0.01Ω
9.99
NOTE: The shunt resistance is usually very low,
this is to allow a very high (the higher portion of Calculate the illumination
the current) current to flow through it.
(i) directly below the lamp at point A
I 2000 cd 2000 cd
E    80lux
d2 52 25
SECTION C
(ii) 3m away from point A, at point B.
10. (c) State TWO electrical safety tests that must be To find the illuminaton at point B, we must first
find the length of the di agonal line (dd). To find dd
conducted on ALL new installations before the we use Pythagoras Theorem.
power supply is connected to the circuit.
dd 2  vd 2  hd 2
(d) State ONE electrical safety test that must be
 52  32  25  9  34
conducted on all new installations with the power
supply connected to the circuit.  dd  34  5.831 m
(e) Identify TWO test instruments that are used to test I Cos
 E@ 
dd 2
point B
an electrical installation.
(f) Outline the procedure for conducting insulation vd
2000 cd x
resistance tests between the conductors and  dd
5.831 2
between the conductors and earth in a completed
5
electrical installation. 2000 cd x
 5.831
34
2000 cd x 0.857

34
 50 .412 lux
Page 46 of 67
(d) (i) Sketch a switch-start fluorescent lamp circuit 4. (a) State the difference between a primary and a
using a choke. secondary cell.
(ii) Explain the function of the choke in the circuit. (b) List TWO methods used to determine the discharge
status of the lead acid cell battery.
(c) Give ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of the
2010 PAPER lead acid over the alkaline cell.
SECTION A
5. (a) List TWO types of semi-conductor materials used in
1. (a) Name Two types of e.m.f that are induced in a transistors.
double wound transformer. (b) For a PN-junction diode, using a d.c. power supply,
(b) Name TWO sources of energy losses in a double show with the help of circuit diagrams, how a diode
wound transformer. is
(c) (i) State Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic (i) forward biased
induction. (ii) reverse biased
(ii) State Lenz’s Law (c) Name TWO applications of a thyrister in electrical
circuits.
2. (a) Name TWO sources of energy that can be used in
conjunction with steam turbines to produce SECTION B
electricity for commercial purposes.
(b) Name TWO metals that are used to manufacture 6. (a) State Ohm’s Law in words and formula form.
cables for high voltage transmission lines. (b) Name TWO types of materials which are used as
(c) State TWO advantage of generating alternating conductors of electricity.
voltage for transmission. (c) State TWO applications of resistors in electronic
circuits.
3. (a) State TWO characteristics of a moving-iron (d) Give TWO reasons why domestic electric lamp
instrument. circuits are connected in parallel.
(b) Name the types of scales used in the case of: (e) Figure 1 shows a series-parallel circuit.
(i) Moving-coil instruments Calculate the
(ii) Moving-iron instruments (i) total resistance of the circuit, as seen from
(c) Explain with the aid of diagrams how a moving-coil the source of the e.m.f
instrument can be converted to: (ii) total current flowing in the circuit.
(i) An Ammeter (iii) power dissipated by the resistor
(ii) A Voltmeter (iv) current flowing in the circuit if R3 is short
circuited.
Page 47 of 67
R3 (iii)
It 3ohm
Since that power ( P ) 
V2
R1 I 2 R, , or VI , you' d have to find either the
2ohm R
R2 R4 R5
6ohm 6ohm 6ohm current through that resistor or the voltage drop
10V across it.
Now we can find the voltage drop by finding the

voltage drop across R1 then subtract from Vt .
Figure 1
V1  I t x R1  2A x 2Ω  4V
(i) Therefore V2  Vt  V1
Notice the circuit properly. Notice that R4 & R5 are in  10V  4V
parallel, and that they are of the same value, therefore  6V
for this section you'd have to deal with it first.
When two or more indentical resistors are in parallel, Now using the formula
you just divide the value of one by the # of resistors
in the configuration.
V2 V 2 (6)2
P , we would have P2  2   6W
6 R R2 6
Therefore for that section R p1   3Ω
2
Now this section (3Ω is in series with R3 making the (iii)
resistance) for that section to be R3  R p1  3  3
 6Ω  m eaning, taken out and 
If R3 is short  circuited  replace it with a piece of 
 
This new section is now in parallel with R2 .  wire 
then there would be three 6Ω resistors in parallel,
Again note that there are two 6Ω resistors now, and thus the effective resistance for that section
therefore the effective resistance for this section would be
6
is again  3Ω 6
2 Rp   2Ω
3
Now ALL these resistors (resistances) come down
to one 3Ω resistor (resistance), making the Then Rt  R1  R p  2  2  4Ω
configuration a series circuit with a 2Ω resistor and
a 3Ω resistor. The total resistance is now Vt 10V
Rt  R1  3Ω  2 Ω  3 Ω  5Ω Therefore I t    2.5A
Rt 4Ω
(ii)
Vt 10V
It    2A
Rt 5
Page 48 of 67
(iii) the mechanical power, in watts, developed by the

7. (a) Figure 2 shows a short wound direct current armature when the machine acts as a motor.
machine.
The electrical power developed in the
A armature is the same that is converted
Rf to mechanical power.
RA Vt PE  EO x I A , therefore PM  EO x I A
Where PM  mechanical power, in WATTS (W )

EO  induced voltage in the armature
I A  current in armature
FIGURE 2
 PM  208V x 60 A  12 .48 kW
For the armature resistance RA = 0.2 and the terminal
volts Vt = 220V, calculate:
(i) the generated e.m.f . when the machine acts as (b) What is the function of the variable resistor placed
generator with the output current of 80A in the starter circuit when the machine acts as a
For a generator motor?
Vt  E g  I a Ra 
(c) Explain briefly the function of the field resistor (Rf)
 E g  Vt  I a Ra  when the machine acts as machine.
 220V  80 A x 0.2 
8. (a) Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a d.c.
 220V  16V
power supply with an R-C filter circuit.
 236V
D1 R1
(ii) the generated e.m.f. when the machine acts as

Vp Vs C1 C2 Vs
motor with the input current of 60A
For a motor
Vt  E g  I a Ra 
FIGURE 3
 E g  Vt  I a Ra  Given that
 220V  60 A x 0.2 

VRMS at the secondary VS = 36V
Full-load voltage across RL, VL = 36V
 220V  12V
Full-load current through RL, IL = 10mA
 208V
Calculate:
(i) The voltages to which capacitor C1 and C2 will
charge when the power supply is NOT supplying a
load current.
(ii) The peak-inverse-voltage (PIV) that is developed
across the diode D1
Page 49 of 67
(iii) The percentage regulation of the power supply SECTION C

when it provides 38V at no-load, and 36V when
supplying a full-load current of 10mA 10. Figure 6 shows the components and connections in a
(b) Explain briefly the difference in the output of half single-filament lamp domestic installation.
wave and full wave rectifier circuits without filtering 5
components.
EXPOSED METAL
(c) Explain briefly the function of capacitor C1 in the

4
d.c. power supply circuit shown in Figure. What

6
type of capacitor is used to perform this function? 3
9. (a) Sketch the symbols of NAND and OR logic gates. 2 7
(b) Construct the truth tables of NAND and OR gates.

(c) A lamp circuit is shown in Figure 4. 1
A GENERAL MASS
OF EARTH
C
B D
4.5V
LAMP
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 4 (a) In your booklet, list the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

From the lamp to be on, state the OPEN and and 8 and name the electrical component
CLOSED positions of the switches; indentified by EACH number.
(i) A and B (b) Explain briefly the function of the components 1, 2,
(ii) C and D 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8.
(d) For Figure 4, name the logic gates which perform (c) Explain briefly the function of an electrical
the same function as the switches: component that can be used in place of component
(i) A and B 8 in the installation shown in Figure 6.
(ii) C and D (d) Name and describe TWO electrical tests that are
(f) Derive a Boolean expression for the logic circuit carried out on a new electrical installation.
show in Figure 5 below.
11. (a) Name THREE output devices that can be used to
A
B output data from a personal computer.
F
(b) State the MAIN function of a modem connected to
C a personal computer.
D
FIGURE 5
(c) State TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of
networking computers in an office.
Page 50 of 67
(d) Name ONE computer software programme which R1 R2 R3

can be used to
(i) prepare an inventory of computer parts in a
computer store
(ii) prepare schematic diagrams of electronic circuits
FIGURE 1
(e) Explain briefly the function of the operating system in a
personal computer.
(f) A student received an electric shock in a computer lab. R1
List TWO steps in order or priority that should be taken
R2
to assist the student.
R3
2012 PAPER
SECTION A FIGURE 2
1. (a) Name two (2) types of electrical measuring devices

/instruments used in electrical circuits. Write the formula for the total resistance in the circuit of
(b) Give TWO methods that are used to dampen the i. Figure 1
oscillations of the pointer in an analogue measuring ii. Figure 2
instrument. (c) Sketch the circuit of a potential divider and briefly
(c) Sketch the connection diagram of a multirange (2 explain its operation.
ranges) moving-coil instrument used as
(i) an ammeter 3. (a) Name TWO types of energy that may be directly
(ii) a voltmeter converted into electrical energy.
(b) State how secondary cells are connected in a
2. (a) State how the current in a d.c. circuit is related to battery to increase
the I. Terminal voltage
(i) applied voltage II. Current capacity
(ii) electrical resistance (c) (i) Explain how polarization reduces the overall
(b) Figure 1 and Figure 2 show three resistors efficiency of cells.
connected in two circuit combinations. (ii) Describe how the depolarization increases
the efficiency on a Leclanche primary cell.
Page 51 of 67
4. (a) (i) Name the process used to join P-type and N- (b) Figure 4 shows the family of curves for a transistor.
type semiconductor materials.
(ii) Name the area formed on either side of the
junction formed in (a i) above. 1
(b) Give the value of the potential barrier established at

the P-N junction for
2
(i) germanium
(ii) silicon semiconductor material
(c) Explain briefly the operation of a semiconductor
diode when it is
3 Figure 4 4
(i) forward biased
(ii) reverse biased
5. (a) Name TWO electromotive forces that are induced
in a double-wound transformer. In your answer booklet write the numbers 1, 2, 3 & 4. Next
(b) Name TWO materials that are used to insulate to EACH number, name the characteristic represented in the
laminated iron stampings from each other in the diagram.
construction of transformer cores.
(c) Explain briefly the increase in primary current that (c) Figure 5 shows an NPN transistor amplifier.
results from an increase in secondary current in a
+ Vcc 10V DC
double-wound transformer.
R3
3.3 k Ohms
SECTION B
R1
22 k Ohms
6. (a) Figure 3 shows two transistors connected in a

circuit. They are labeled A & B.
R2
3.9 k Ohms
R4
820 k Ohms
INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT
G
A B Figure 5
Assuming the transistor to be silicon, and IE = IC, calculate
Give the name of EACH transistor connection, using the the
labels A and B. (i) current through the potential divider
(ii) base voltage (VB)
Page 52 of 67
(iii) emitter voltage (VE) 8. (a) Figure 10 shows three d.c. motor connections
(iv) emitter current (IE) labeled W, X and Y
(v) collector current (VC)
f
7. (a) Figure 6 and Figure 7 show logic gates. A f A
W X
FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7 f A
(i) Give the name of the gate in Figure 6 Y
(ii) Give the name of the gate in Figure 7 Write down any TWO of the letters W, X and Y and
give the name of the connection by EACH letter.
(b) Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the electrical
equivalents of two logic circuits, labeled P and Q. (b) Figure 11 below shows a motor circuit. Its parts are
labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4.
S1
S1 S2
S2
P Q
Figure 8 Figure 9
1 2
(i) Name the logic equivalent for EACH figure, 4
using the labels.

(ii) Develop the truth tables for EACH logic FIGURE 11
equivalent circuit identified in Figure 6 and

Figure 7 using the labels.
(iii) Name TWO electronic devices that perform In your answer booklet write the numbers 1, 2, 3
switching functions in logic circuits. and 4 and beside each number, write the name of
the part of the motor indicated.
Page 53 of 67
(c) A d.c. motor with terminal voltage of 100V has an (ii) total resistance of the circuit
armature resistance of 0.2 ohm, and an armature (iii) total current
current of 20A. Calculate the (iv) total power dissipated by the circuit
(i) armature voltage drop (d) Sketch the series equivalent circuit of Figure 12.
(ii) back e.m.f.
(iii) power loss in the armature SECTION C
(iv) power supplied to the motor
(v) electrical energy when the motor is in use for 20
10. (a) Give TWO methods used to effect a reduced
hours.
voltage at the terminals of a 3-phase motor at
i. Va  I a x Ra  20 A x 0.2  4V starting.
ii. VG  Vt  I a Ra   100V  4V  96V (b) Give the name of EACH type of connection shown
iii. Pa  I a 2 x Ra  20 2 x 0.2  80W
in Figure 13 (a) and Figure 13 (b), using labels.
iv. Elect. P  VI  100V x 20 A  2000 W
v. E  P x t  2000 W x 20 hrs  40,000Wh L1
L2
L3
9. (a) Name TWO factors that affect the resistance of an
electrical cable used in an electrical installation. FIGURE 13 (a)
(b) Name TWO materials that have a L1

(i) positive temperature coefficient L2
(ii) negative temperature coefficient L3
(c) Figure 12 shows five resistors connected in a

series-parallel combination across a 20V d.c. FIGURE 13 (b)
supply.
(c) Briefly explain how a STAR-DELTA motor connects
R1
3 ohm the windings in a 3-phase motor to obtain a
R2 reduced voltage at START, and the rated voltage

6 ohm on RUN.
R4
14 ohm (d) Figure 14 shows a direct-on-line motor starter. Its
20V dc R3
8 ohm parts are labeled by numbers from 1-7.
R5
10 ohm (i) In your answer booklet list the numbers 1-7.
Figure 12 Beside EACH number write the name of the
part of the starter indicated.
Calculate the
(ii) Briefly explain how EACH part of the starter
(i) equivalent resistance of the parallel operates.
combination (R2, R3 and R4)
Page 54 of 67
1
5
2013 PAPER
SECTION A
1. (a) State FOUR factors that affect the resistance of a

6
conductor.
2
(b) Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of six resistors
3 7
L1 M1
connected in a series-parallel combination.
L2 M2
R4 = 12 ohms
L3 M3
R1 = 8 ohms
4
R3 = 4 ohms R5 = 12 ohms
R2 = 8 ohms
R6 = 12 ohms
FIGURE 14
24V d.c
FIGURE 1
11. (a) name two tests that are to be performed on a
new installation to verify the electrical Calculate the:
soundness of the installation. (i) Equivalent resistance of R1 and R2
(b) Identify TWO measuring instruments that are
R1 & R2 are in parallel , therefore we' ll
used to perform electrical test on a new
use this formula
installation
R1 x R2 8 x 8
(c) Name TWO ways in which users of portable   9
R1  R2 8  8
electrical equipment are protected from electric
shock.
OR
Since they are identical resistors , we devide
the value of one by the number of resistors
8
giving  4
2
(ii) Equivalent resistance of R4, R5 and R6
Since the resistors are identical , we devide

the value of one by the number of resistors
12
giving  4
3
Page 55 of 67
(iii) Total resistance (RT) in the circuit (ii) Total circuit resistance
Now R1 & R2 are replaced by a single Now the load resistance and the total
resistor with value 4 Ω, and R4 , R5 & R6 internal resistance are in series,
are replaced by another single resistor Therefore, RT  0.2Ω  0.8Ω  1Ω
with value 4Ω . Now we have a series circuit.
In a series circuit, RT is the sum of all the (iii) Total circuit current
resistors values in the circuit. Total voltage of the cell

IT 
Therefore, RT  4Ω  4Ω  4Ω  12Ω RT
Since the cells are in parallel, the total
(iv) Total current (IT) in the circuit voltage is the same value of one cell
2V
IT 
VT

24V
 2A therefore, IT   2A
RT 12 1Ω
(iv) Terminal voltage of the battery

2. (a) List FOUR methods that can be used to charge
The terminal voltage of the cell is
secondary batteries.
the voltage across the external load,
(b) Figure 2 shows four lead-acid cells connected in
therefore, VL  IT x RL  2A x 0.8Ω
parallel. Each cell has an e.m.f of 2V and an
1.6V
internal resistance of 0.8. The battery supplies a
load of 0.8.
2V 0.8 ohms 3. (a) List TWO types of the following:
(i) Single-phase transformers
2V 0.8 ohms RL = 0.8 ohms
(ii) Laminated core types used to construct
transformers
2V 0.8 ohms
(b) A step-down power transformer, with iron losses of
2V 0.8 ohms 55W and copper losses of 20W, supplies a full load
current of 10A to a resistive load, from a secondary
Calculate the:
FIGURE 2 voltage of 100V.
(i) Total internal resistance of the cells Calculate the
Since the cells are connected in parallel, (i) total power loss in the transformer
then their resistances are also in parallel. Total Loss  iron loss  copper loss
Therefore we devide the value of one by  Fe Loss  Ce Loss
0.8  55W  20W
the number of resistors giving  0.2Ω
4  75W
Page 56 of 67
(ii) transformer efficiency at full load 5. Figure 4 shows bias voltage for an NPN transistor.
 Losses  N P N
  1   x 100 IE IC
 PI  EMITTER BASE COLLECTOR
But PI  PO IB
PO  Sec. Voltage x Sec. Current
 100V x 10 A V
BE
V
CB
 1000W FIGURE 4
 75W 
Now   1   x 100
 1000W  (a) Identify from Figure 4
 1  0.075 x 100 (i) the type of the base-emitter junction bias
 92.5% (ii) the type of the collector-base junction bias.
(b) State the approximate amount of the emitter
current
4. Figure 3 shows a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. (i) that flows through the base terminal
A
(ii) that flows through the collector terminal
D1
D4 (c) Figure 5 shows the d.c. biasing connection for a
A.C. INPUT RL
PNP transistor.
- Vcc(-12V)
D2
D3 OUTPUT IS
B R = 15k IC
1
FIGURE 3
(a) (i) Identify, using the labels,
R = 1k
(a) the diodes which are forward biased when 2
A is positive relative to B. IE
(b) the diodes which are forward biased when

FIGURE 5
B is positive relative to A. Calculate the
(ii) Draw the output waveform when (i) standing current, IS
(a) A is positive with respect to B First we' ll have to find the voltage drop
(b) B is positive with respect to A across the resistor ( R1 ). To find this voltage
(b) Explain briefly drop we use the voltage divider rule.
(i) the effect that a reverse bias has on the PN VCC x R1 12 x 15 180
VR1     11.25V
junction R1  R2 15  1 16
(ii) the effect that a forward bias has on the PN VR1 11.25
Now I S    0.75mA
junction R1 15,000
Page 57 of 67
(ii) base voltage, VB (c) (i) Explain briefly the difference in the rating of the
VB  VR 2 starting windings in the two motors shown in

 VCC  VR1 Figure 6 and Figure 7.
 12V  11.25V (ii) Explain briefly the functions of the components
 0.75V F and G in Figure 7
(iii) Explain briefly a method that can be used to
reverse the direction of rotation of a single-
SECTION B phase a.c. motor.
6. Figures 6 and 7 single-phase motors. 7. Figure 8 shows an industrial installation.
L
MOTOR CIRCUITS LIGHTING CIRCUITS

D
C
E F
B
N
C D
FIGURE 6
B
E
F G
H
A
INCOMING SUPPLY
N
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 8
(a) Give ONE name of the type of single-phase electric (a) (i) Identify the typ of a.c. system which provides
motor in power to the small industrial installation in
(i) Figure 6 Figure 8
(ii) Figure 7 (ii) In your answer booklet, write the letters A, B,
(b) On separate lines in your answer booklet write the C, D, E and F on separate lines. Next to
letters A, B, C and D with reference to Figure 6, EACH letter, write the name of the part of the
and E, F, G and H with reference to Figure 7. Next electrical installation identified by that letter in
to EACH letter, name the part of the motor Figure 8.
identified by the letter in the diagrams of the (iii) Briefly describe EACH type of a.c. supply that
motors. supplies electric power to the motor circuits
and the lighting circuits in Figure 8.
Page 58 of 67
8. Figure 9 shows a two-stage R.C coupled a.f. transistor 9. Figure 10 shows the basic elements of a personal
amplifier in which transistors TR1 and TR2 are biased computer system.
for class A operation.
MEMORY
Vcc -7.5V
ARITHMETIC
R R R R AND
1 3 5 7
33k Ohms 2.7k Ohms 12k Ohms 2.2k Ohms INPUT LOGIC UNIT OUTPUT
DEVICE DEVICE
C CONTROL
C
2 UNIT
TR 3 TR
1 2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
FIGURE 10
R R
4 8
470 Ohms 300 Ohms
R
2
10k Ohms
C
1
R
6
2.2k Ohms
C
3 (a) State the names of
30 50
0V
(i) TWO input devices
FIGURE 9
(ii) TWO output devices
(a) (i) State the part of the characteristic curve at (iii) TWO types of memory
which the transistors operate. (b) (i) What type of communication is used to transfer
(ii) Name the resistors which are used to bias the information between the computer
base voltage for EACH of TR1 and TR2. components?
(iii) What is the purpose of capacitor C2 in the (ii) What is the name of the form of
amplifier circuit? communication that transfers information
(iv) Name the type of capacitors which are used for between the computer components?
C1 and C3 in the amplifier circuit. (c) Figure 11 shows a diode-resistor logic (DRL) circuit
(b) TR1 and TR2.are PNP silicon transistors. for a two-input AND gate.
Calculate the +10V
D1
(i) TR1 base voltage A R = 10k
(ii) TR1 emitter voltage

INPUT
(iii) TR1 emitter current D2
B
(iv) voltage drop across R3 OUTPUT
(v) TR1 collector voltage 0V 0V
FIGURE 11
Page 59 of 67
(i) Briefly describe the operation of the logic gate (ii) Calculate the
when (a) capacitive reactance of the capacitor
(a) Logic 0 is applied to both inputs
10 6
(b) Logic 1 is applied to input A and logic 0 is XC 
2fC
applied to input B
10 6
(c) Logic 1 is applied to input B and logic 0 is 
2 * 3.142 * 50 *10
applied to input A. 10 6

(d) Logic 1 is applied to both inputs A and B 3142
 318.269
We use 10 6 at the top because
SECTION C when we move micro 10 6 to 
6
the top it becomes 10
10. Figure 12 shows the circuit diagram of a quick-star
fluorescent lamp. (b) impedance of the circuit
Z 2  X 2  R2
L  318 .269 2  50 2
D
 101295 .156  2500
 103795 .156
A C B  Z  103795 .156
 322 .173 
E
N (c) current in the circuit

FIGURE 12
(a) (i) Name the circuit components identified by The total current flowing in any
EACH of the letters A and B. circuit is equal to the supply voltage
(ii) Name the circuit components identified by divided by the total opposition to
EACH of the letters C, D and E and state the that current. In this case, the total
function of EACH.
opposition is the impedance.
V
(b) A capacitance of 10F is connected in series with a Therefore IT  T
Z
5 resistor across a 500V, 50Hz supply.
500V
(i) Draw the circuit diagram and a phasor diagram 
322.173
showing the relationship between the voltages  1.552A
and current in the circuit.
Page 60 of 67
(d) power factor of the circuit (ii) A non-reduced voltage three-phase motor
starter.
R 50
p. f .    0.155
Z 322 .173 (d) (i) Describe the effect of single-phasing on the
operation of a three-phase motor.
11. Figure 13 shows the electric circuit of an auto- (ii) Describe how an operator of a three-phase
transformer three-phase electric motor starter. electric motor can be protected from electric
shock.
RUN START
B
C
A
L1 L2 L3 FIGURE 13
(a) (i) Name the circuit components of the motor
starter identified by EACH of the letters A and
B in Figure 13.
(ii) State the function of EACH of the components
of the motor circuit identified by the letters A, B
and C.
(b) Briefly describe EACH of the following terms when
used in connection with three-phase motors.
(i) Synchronous speed
(ii) Slip
(iii) Single-phasing
(iv) Star connection
(c) Briefly describe
(i) A reduced-voltage three-phase motor starter
that does not use a transformer
Page 61 of 67
2014 PAPER 2. (a) (i) Name TWO instruments used to determine the
SECTION A “level of charge” of a secondary sell.
(ii) Name TWO types of primary cells used in
1. (a) (i) State the name given to the movements of products such as computers, watches and
electrons in an electric circuit. cameras.
(ii) State the name of the force that produces the (b) Calculate the internal resistance of a primary cell
movement of electrons in an electric circuit. with an open circuit terminal voltage of 1.5V and a
(iii) What is the relationship among the movement closed circuit terminal voltage of 1.0V when the cell
of electrons, the force that produces the supplies a current of 0.5A to an external circuit.
movement of electrons and the opposition to First notice that the cell is rated at 1.5V,
the movement of electrons in an electric circuit. but when delivering a current its voltage
(b) Figure 1 shows the schematic drawing of an falls to 1.0V. Now knowing the total
voltage and the total current, you can
electric circuit.
find the total resistance.
4 ohm 5 ohm
V (open circuit voltage)
RT  T
R1 R2 IT
1.5V
  3Ω
8V 0.5A
Now, this 3Ω is the resistance for both
FIGURE 1
the internal and external load resistance,
i. Calculate the total opposition to the movement therefore we'll have to find the resistance
of electrons in the circuit in Figure 1. of the external load by the following
method
RT  R1  R2
V (closed circuit voltage)
45 RL  L
IT
 9 1.0V
  2Ω
0.5A
ii. Calculate the magnitude of the movement of Now, the internal resistance of the cell
electrons in the circuit in Figure 1. can be determined by subtracting the
VT 18V external load resistance from the total
IT    2A
RT 9 resistance
 Ri  RT  RL  3Ω  2Ω  1Ω
iii. Briefly explain a method of reversing the
direction of movement of electron in the circuit
in Figure 1.
Page 62 of 67
3. (a) (i) Name TWO devices/equipment used in an (b) Figure 3 shows the schematic drawing of an NPN
electric power station to convert primary transistor amplifier. (+10V)
energy to electric energy.

IC
(ii) State TWO methods of conversions of primary VC RC
energy into electric energy. TC
(b) State the energy conversions that occur in an

VC VC RC
electric power station in which natural gas and IC
(0V)
steam-driven generators are used to produce
electric energy. FIGURE 3
Briefly explain the function of resistors, R1 and R2,

4. (a) (i) State the names of the control and positive in the operation of the amplified circuit.
terminals of a silicon-controlled rectifier.
(ii) State TWO advantages of silicon-controlled SECTION B
rectifiers when used in switching circuits.
(b) Figure 2 shows the schematic drawing of a silicon- 6. (a) (i) List THREE types of resistor materials used in
controlled rectifier mains switching circuit. the electronic circuits.
R RL (ii) State the names of TWO circuit components
that can vary the electrical resistance in an
electrical circuit.
TRIGGER PULSE AC. SUPPLY
(b) Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of six
resistors connected in series-parallel.
R1 = 10 ohms R2 = 30 ohms
FIGURE 2
It Ia
Briefly explain the operation of the rectifier in the a.c. circuit. R4 = 15 ohms
+
R3
18V d.c
= 10 ohms
5. (a) (i) Name ONE impurity which is added to pure -
R5 = 25 ohms
semiconductor material to form a P-Type R6 = 6 ohms
semiconductor material.
FIGURE 4
(ii) Name ONE impurity which is added to pure
semiconductor material to form an N-Type
semiconductor material.
(iii) Name the TWO bias conditions of a
semiconductor diode when it is connected in a
half-wave rectifier circuit.
Page 63 of 67
Calculate the
(i) equivalent resistance of resistors R2, R3, R4, (iii) total current flowing in the circuit
and R5
V 18V
IT  T   0.5 A
Note that R2 & R3 are in series, RT 36
and R4 & R5 are also in series. Now
these two series sections are in (iv) current flowing through resistor R2
parallel with each other. For a
Kirchhoff's first law says that the
parallel circuit with two branches, we
can use product over sum. current flowing towards a node is the
 Eq. R 
 
R2  R3 R4  R5  same current flowing from that node.
  
R2  R3  R4  R5  And since the two branches are of the
resistance, we can divide the total current

30  1015  25
30  10   15  25 by the # of brances
I 0.5A
40 * 40  I R2  T   0.25A
 2 2
40  40
 20Ω
(v) drop in voltage across resistor R3
OR
VR3  I R3 x R3
Since both branches are of the same value
But I R3  I R2
resistance, we could simple divide the
 VR3  0.25A x 10Ω
value of one branch by the # of branches,
 2.5V
thus
40
Eq. R   20Ω
2 7. (a) (i) State the names of the TWO resistive effects in
an inductive a.c. circuit.
(ii) total resistance of the circuit (ii) Name the TWO types electrical power in an
inductive a.c. circuit.
Now the circuit now has three
resistors in series. For a series ciruit, (iii) State the name of ONE resistive component in
the total resistance is the sum of an inductive a.c. circuit.
all the resistances in the circuit... (b) Figure 5 below shows the circuit diagram of a
Giving,
resistor and an inductor connected in series to an
RT  R1  Eq. R  R6
a.c. supply.
 10  20  6
 30Ω R=3 L = 0.0127H
20V, 50Hz
FIGURE 5
Page 64 of 67
Calculate the (v) apparent power in the circuit

(i) inductive reactance of the coil
The apparent power in an ac circuit
X L  2fL is the product of the applied voltage
 2 x 3.142 x 50 x 0.0127 and current. Therefore ,
 3.99Ω S  VT x I T
 4  20V x 4 A
 80VA
(ii) total opposition to the a.c. current flow
The App. P is always greater than or equal
The total opposition to a.c. current to the true / active / real power.
is impedance, Thus
Just for the sake of memory, the reactive
Z 2  R2  X 2
power can be determined also
 32  4 2 2
Q  S 2  P2
 9  16
 25  80 2  48 2
 64000  2304
Z  25
 4096
 5Ω
Q  4096
(iii) total current flowing in the circuit  64VAR
V 20V
IT  T   4A 8. (a) (i) State TWO operations which are carried out by
Z 5
the central processing unit of a computer.
(iv) active power in the circuit (ii) State TWO devices that are used to input data
The active power in an ac circuit

in a desktop computer system.
can be determined by the given (iii) State the function of a surge protector in a
formula, computer’s a.c. supply.
P  VT x IT x power factor (pf) (iv) State the function of software in a computer
R system.
But the pf 
Z
R (b) (i) Draw and name TWO logic gates other than
Therefore P  VT x IT x
Z the AND and the OR gates using standard
20V x 4A x 3
 symbols.
5
 48W (ii) State the Boolean expression for the output of
OR a two-input AND gate.
VT (iii) State the Boolean expression for the output of
 I T , Therefore P  I T 2 x R
Z
a two-input OR gate.
 42 x 3
 48W (iv) Develop a truth table for a two-input AND gate.
(v) Develop a truth table for a two-input OR gate.
Page 65 of 67
9. (a) Figure 6 shows a one-line diagram of the electrical (ii) Energy utilized by the motor during the thirty-
control equipment for a small factory. day period.
MOTOR CIRCUITS LIGHTING CIRCUITS W  P*t

 7200W x 30 x 24
MOTOR LIGHTING
CONTROL CONTROL  5184kWh
DISTRIBUTION BOARD
(iii) Cost of operating the motor over the thirty days
at 20¢/kWh
MAIN
CONTROL
THREE PHASES AND

 Electricity 
NEUTRAL CONDUCTORS
   Energy x rate per kWh
FIGURE 6
 Bill 
(i) State the phase/polarity arrangement of the  7.2kWh x 20¢
a.c. supply in EACH of the following:  $1.44
 Main control
(c) Briefly explain how the earthing of exposed metal
 Motor control
parts provides protection from electric shock in an
 Lighting control
electrical installation.
(ii) Name TWO types of electrical devices that
provide protection from damage by excess
SECTION C
current in an electrical installation.
10. (a) Figure 7 shows the schematic drawings of four
(iii) State TWO methods used to reduce the
rectifier circuits labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4
START current of a three-phase induction
motor. T1
D1
+
(b) A d.c. motor in a factory draws a load current of RL
30A from a 240V d.c. supply. The motor is in T2 -

1
continuous operation over a thirty-day period. T1

D1
+
Calculate the
RL
(i) power developed by the motor

T2
2 D2
-
The power developed in a d.c.

T1
circuit is determined by the D1

D4
product of the current and voltage +
Therefore: P  V*I
D2 RL
D3
T2
 240V x 30A
3 -
+
 7200W
T1
C1 D2
C1 RL
D1
T2 -
4
FIGURE 7
Page 66 of 67
(i) In your booklet, write the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 11. (a) Figure 9 shows the schematic drawings of two
4. Next to EACH number, write the name of single-phase a.c. motors labeled A and B.
the rectifier circuit indicated.
L
(i) Briefly explain the operation of the rectifier 1
circuit labeled 2 and 4 in figure 7. 3
(b) Figure 8 shows the schematic drawing of a low- 2
voltage d.c. power supply unit. The N
A
components of the power supply are labeled 1,
L
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
1
3
T1 1 2 2
N
4 B
INPUT +
R1 FIGURE 9
3 C1 5 C2 R2 6
(i) In your booklet, write the letters A and B. Next
T2
-
to EACH letter, write the name of the single-
phase a.c. motor indicated.
FIGURE 8
(ii) In your answer booklet, write the numbers 1, 2
(i) In your booklet, write the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and and 3. Next to EACH number, write the name
6. Next to EACH number, write the name of the of the part of the a.c. motor indicated.
electronic component indicated. (iii) Briefly explain the rotating magnetic field effect
(ii) Briefly explain the operation of the component is produced in the stator windings of the a.c.
labeled 3 in the schematic diagram in figure 8. motor labeled A.
(iv) Briefly explain the operation of the part labeled
1 in the control of current flow in the part
labeled 2 in the single-phase a.c. motors.
(b) Figure 10 shows the schematic drawings of two

three-phase a.c. motors labeled C and D.
(i) In your booklet, write the letters C and D, and
next to EACH letter, write the name of the
connection of the stator windings of the three-
phase motor indicated.
Page 67 of 67
(ii) Define the following terms when applied to

three-phase a.c. motors:
 Synchronous Speed
 Slip Speed
 Single-Phasing
(iii) Briefly explain the operation of a three-phase
induction motor when supplied by a three-
phase system.
L1 L2 L3
L1 L2 L3
FIGURE 10

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