Definition of Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the cervix. Cancer starts in the cells lining the
cervix- the lower part of the uterus. These cells do not suddenly change into cancer. Instead,
the normal cells of the cervix first gradually develop pre-cancerous changes that turn into
cancer.
There are two types of Cervical Cancer, Squamous cells carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas.
Squamous Cells Carcinomas develop from cells in the exocervix and the cancer cells have the
features of squamous cells under the microscope. Squamous cell carcinomas often begin in
the transformation zone.
Adenocarcinomas are cancers which develop from gland cells. Cervical cancer develops
from the mucus producing gland cells of the endocervix.
Socioeconomic Impact of Cervical Cancer
 It can cause poverty in families due to the high cost of treatment and management of
the illness.
 It can affect the ability to work thus causing a reduction in productivity. This can result in
loss of income into households.
 Increasing incidents of cancer can put a burden on health care in a country.
Cervical Cancer Symptoms
The symptoms of cervical cancer aren’t always obvious and may not cause any symptoms at
all until it has reached an advanced stage. Symptoms include:
 Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse
 Vaginal bleeding at times other than during monthly period
 Pelvic pain
 Unusual vaginal discharge
If the cancer spreads out of the cervix and into surrounding tissue and organs, this can trigger a
range of other symptoms including
 Blood in the urine
 Loss of bladder control
 Severe pain in your side or back
 Tiredness
 Bone pain