Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 1

e 0.2 mol
f 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 dm3
[1]
[1]
1 a i The weighted average mass of the atom of Total = 10
an element on a scale where one atom 80 20
of carbon-12 has a mass of exactly 12 units. [1] 4 a C = ;H=  [1]
12.0 1.0
(18.7 × 10) + (81.3 × 11) C = 6.67; H = 20
ii = 10.8 [2]
100 divide by lowest
[1 mark for showing masses × % abundance or one 6.67 20
error carried forwards from this] C = = 1; H = = 3 [1]
b 2 [1] 6.67 6.67
c i 184.2 [1] empirical formula is CH3 [1]
ii Fe has several isotopes. [1] b empirical formula mass = 15
Total = 6 15 × n = 30; n = 2, so molecular
formula is C2H6 [1]
2 a 262.5 [1] c any 4 of:
180 volume of gas proportional to number
b 72 Hf  [1] of moles; [1]
( 51.5 × 90 ) + (11.2 × 91) + 17.1 × 92 ) + (17.4 × 94 ) + ( 2.8 × 96 ) mole ratio is 50 : 300 : 200 [1]
c i 1 mol hydrocarbon : 6 mol oxygen : 4 mol
100
= 91.3 [2] carbon dioxide [1]
Since 4 moles of carbon dioxide from
[1 mark for showing masses × % abundance 1 mole of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon has
or one error carried forwards from this] 4 carbon atoms [1]
ii The average mass of an atom of a particular 4 carbon atoms will react with 4 moles of
isotope on a scale in which an atom of oxygen molecules, leaving 2 moles of oxygen
carbon-12 has a mass of exactly 12 units. [1] molecules (4 moles of oxygen atoms) to react
Total = 5 with the hydrogen [1]
so 4 moles of water formed, meaning
3 a Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 8 hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon [1]
 → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)   [1] equation is C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O [1]
b molar mass of sodium carbonate calculated 600
correctly = 106 [1] d moles propane = = 0.025 mol [1]
4.15 24000
moles of sodium carbonate = 0.039 mol [1] 0.025 × 44.0 = 1.1 g  [1]
106 Total = 10
moles HCl = 2 × 0.039 = 0.078 mol [1]
c The amount of substance that has the same 5 a 4Na + TiCl4 → 4NaCl + Ti [2]
number of specified particles / atoms /  [1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for balancing]
molecules, etc. as there are atoms in exactly b 1 mole of TiCl4 gives 1 mole of Ti
12 g of the carbon-12 isotope 189.9 g TiCl4 → 47.9 g Ti [1]
(or similar wording). [1]
47.9
25.0 1.0 g TiCl4 →  g Ti
d i moles sodium carbonate =  × 0.0200 189.9
1000 47.9
= 5.0 × 10−4 mol [1] 380 g TiCl4 → 380 ×   g Ti = 95.9 g Ti [1]
ii moles HCl = 2 × 5.0 × 10−4 = 1.0 × 10−3 mol [1] 189.9
1000
concentration of HCl = 1.0 × 10−3 × 
12.50
−3
= 0.080 mol dm  [1]

AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 1 1
 c 4 moles of Na gives 1 mole of Ti 4.80
4 × 23.0 g Na → 47.9 g Ti [1] 9 a moles of Cl2 = = 0.200 mol [1]
24.0
47.9 b moles of NaOCl = moles of Cl2 = 0.200 mol [1]
1.0 g Na →  g Ti
4 × 23.0 mass of NaOCl = 74.5 × 0.200 = 14.9 g [1]
47.9 c moles of NaOH = 2 × moles of
46.0 g Na → 46 ×   g Ti = 24.0 g Ti [1] chlorine = 0.400 mol [1]
4 × 23.0
0.400
Total = 6 volume of NaOH = = 0.200 dm3 [1]
2.00
6 a i 0.0150 dm3 [1] d Cl2(g) + 2OH−(aq)
ii 0.0200 dm3 [1]  → Cl−(aq) + OCl−(aq) + H2O(l)   [1]
b 0.0200 × 0.0500 = 0.001 00 mol [1] Total = 6
c 0.001 00 mol [1]
0.00100 10 a 1 mole of CaO gives 1 mole of CaCl2
= 0.0667 mol dm−1 [1] 56.1 g CaO → 111.1 g CaCl2 [1]
0.0150
Total = 5 28.05
28.05 g CaO → 111.1 ×   g CaCl2
56.1
7 a 80.0 (g mol−1) [1] = 55.5 g CaCl2 [1]
0.800 b 1 mole of CaO reacts with 2 mole of HCl
b  [1] 56.1 g CaO reacts with 73.0 g HCl [1]
80.0 28.05 g CaO reacts with
= 0.0100 mol [1]
28.05
c moles nitrogen(I) oxide = 0.0100 [1] 73.0 ×  = 36.5 g HCl [1]
volume = 0.0100 × 24.0 = 0.024 dm3 / 240 cm3 [1] 56.1
Total = 5
28.05
c mass of water is  × 18.0 = 9.0 g [1]
1.20 56.1
8 a i moles of HCl = = 0.0500 mol [1]
24.0 Total = 5
moles 0.0500
ii concentration = =  [1]
volume in dm 3
0.100 11 a NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) [2]
 [1 mark for reactants and products;
= 0.500 mol dm−3 [1] 1 mark for state symbols]
25.0 b NH3 = 17.0 g mol−1 [1]
b i 0.500 ×   [1] HCl = 36.5 g mol−1 [1]
1000
NH4Cl = 53.5 g mol−1 [1]
= 0.0125 mol [1]
ii moles NaOH = moles of HCl 10.7
c 10.7 g NH4Cl = = 0.2 mol [1]
= 0.0125 mol [1] 53.5
moles moles of NH3 and of HCl = 0.2 mol [1]
volume = 0.2 × 24.0 = 4.8 dm3 of NH3 and HCl [1]
concentration
Total = 8
0.0125
= = 0.0625 dm3 [1]
0.200
Total = 7

2 Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 1 AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press