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MTMC REPORT TR 75-9

C
TECHNICAL REPORT

STACKING VEHICLES
IN LASH AND SEABEE BARGES

DECEMBER 1976

~j 3 MILITARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT COMMAND

/
/ u
LU
—i
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AGENCY
NEWPORT NEWS , VIRGINIA 23606

_____ Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~
-.
 *

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

The finding s in this report are not to be construed as an official Depart-

ment of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized
documents.
S

DISPOSITION INSTRUCTION S

Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not r eturn it to the

originator.

Trade names cited in this report do not constitute an official indorsement

or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software.

r
 A D ____________

M T M C R E P O R T TR 7 5- ~

TECHNICAL REPORT

STACKING V E H I C L E S IN LASH

AND S E A B E E BARGES

D E C E M B E R 1976
DC
~~
22 19V
LW
By
c
V. C. Tay lor -

M I L I T A R Y T R A F F I C M A N A GE M E N T COMMAND
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N E N G I NE E R I N G A G E N C Y
N e w p o r t N ews , V i r g inia 23606

A p p r o v e d for pub lic r e l e ase; d i s t r i b u t i o n u n l i m i t e d .

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
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~~~~ Al
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_ _ _ _ _ _

c dz,y
~~~ ~ ~ Y pe 7~2r,Y,r
~
T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S

P age

LIST OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S . . . . . . . • iv

LIST OF T A B L E S . . . . . . . V

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . 1

II. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . .

Ill. BARGE - SHIP SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . 3

IV . LIGHTERS AND B A R G E S . . . . . . . . 4

V. VEHICLE STACKING METHOD S . . . . . . 7

VI. COST ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . 23

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . 29

DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . 31

.
~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~

!~~: ~~~~
~~~~~

iii

_ _ ± f• -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~
— - . ---- ,-
r

LIST OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S

Figure Page

1 LASH Li gh t e r C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( P r u d e n t i a l ) . . . . 5

2 SEABEE Barge C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . . . . . . 6

3 Depot Storage R a c k s for M4 16 T r a i l e r . . . . . 10

4 Depot Storage R a c k for M4 16 T r a i l e r . . . . . 11

5 M4 16 T r a i l e r s in Depot Storage . . . . . . 12

6 M 15 1 Jeeps in Depot Storage . . . . . . . 13

7 Beg inning False-Deck C o n s t r u c t i o n in LASH Lig h t e r . . 15

8 False-Deck C o n s t r u c t i o n in P r o g r e s s . . . . . 16

9 M 151 Jeeps Loaded on False D e c k . . . . 17

10 Storage Rack Corner Post . . . . . . . . 1~

11 Step Strin g e r C h a r a c t e r i st i c s . . . . 1

12 Envelop Dimensions for M7l8 Truck . . . . . 2J

13 Sample Loading Plan for LA SH Li g h t e r . . . . . 21

14 Envelop Dimensions for M 7 1 5 T r u ck . . . . .

15 Sample Loading Plan f o r S E A B E E B a rg e . . . .

iv

—
.
 LIST pF TABLES

Pa g ~
> r~ b ie
7
V e h i c l e s Co n s i d e re d for Stacking
. .
1
. . .

2 Table of B a r g e Ca p a c i ti e s . . . . . . . 24

B a r g e - Sh i p Service , F r e i g ht All K i n d s (FAK)

3
B a r g e R a t es . . . . . . . . . . 25

Rates--
Shipp i n g / C on t a i n er A g r e e m en t Schedule of
4
Index of Route s . . . . . . . . . 26

~~~~~~~~~ -~~_ _ ~~— -~~~~~~~~~-

_ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . -.
.
_ _ _ _
-- .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~
-- --- ----

I. E X E C U T I V E SUMMARY

1. O JU E C T I V E . To s t u d y t h e m e t h o d s e m p l o y e d b y US A r m y d e p o t s f o r
t i e r i n g v e h i c l e s f o r w a r e h o u s e s t o r ag e , a n d to d e t e r m i n e t h e f e a s i b i l i t y of
u t i l i z i n g t h e s a m e m e t h o d s to t r a n s p o r t m i l i t a r y v e h i c l e s in L A S H a n d
SEABEE b a rg e s .

.?. SCOPE. C h e c k and c o m p a r e m u l t i l a y e r s t o w ag e m e t h o d s to d e t e r -

m i n e t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t and e c o n o m i c a l p r o c e d u r e s f o r t r a n s p o r t i n g m i l it a r ~
v e h i c l e s a b o a r d LASH li g h t e r s and S E A B E E b a rg e s .

3. A P P R O A C H . At t h e t i m e of p u b l i c a t i o n , s h i pp ing c o s t s f o r b a rg e -
shi p m ov e m e n t of m i l i t a r y c a rg o a r e b a s e d on c o m m o d i t y r a t e s o r f r e i g ht
all k i n d s ( F A K ) r a t e s . T h e r a t e s t r u c t u r e is s u c h t h a t onl y one r a t e ma
h e o f f e r e d on p a r t i c u l a r r o u t e s w h e r e a s t h e r e m a y be a c h o i c e of r a t e s on
o t h e r r o u t e s . In t h e l a t t e r c a s e s , t h e M i l i t a ry S e a l ift C o m m a n d d e t e r m i n e s
t h e m o s t a d v a n t a g e o u s t a r i f f a r r a ng e m e n t . D u r i n g c o n t i ng e n c i es it is
p o s s i b l e that u n i t b a r g e r a t e s m a y be n e g o t i a t e d to s u p p l a n t t h e e x i s t i ng
m e a s u r e m e n t t o n r a t e s . In t h a t c a s e m a x i m u m c u b e u t i l i z a t i o n w o u l d pro-
v i d e f o r m a x i m u m u t i l i z a t i o n of shi pp i n g r e s o u r c e s and w o u l d in all p r o b -
a b i l i t y be m o s t c o s t e f f e c t i v e . In li g ht of t h i s p o t e n t i a l f o r c o s t s a v i ng s ,
a s t u d y was m a d e to d e t er m i n e the f e a s i b i l i ty of m u l t i l a y e r s t a c k i ng
v e h i c l e s f o r s h i p m e n t in LASH li g h t e r s and S E A B E E b a r g e s . T h e ‘b u n d l in 4 /
n e s t i n g m e t h o d of v e h i c l e s t o w a g e , a p o s s i b l e a l t e r n a t i v e to r n u l t i l a y e r
s t a c k i ng f o r c e r t a i n t y p e s of v e h i c l e s , w a s not c o n s i d e r e d in t h i s stud y.

The o r i g i n a l idea was to stud y the s t o r a g e s y s t e m e m pl o y e d in A r m y d e p o t s

f o r t i e r i n g v e h i c l e s , and a p p l y it to m u l t i l ay e r i ng v e h i c l e s i n LASH li g h t e r s
and S E A B E E b a r g e s . H o w e v e r , w h e n a r e v i e w of d r a w i ng s and ph o t ogr a p h s
of c a n t i l e v e r s t o r a g e r a c k s f r o m R e d R i v e r and T o b y h a n n a A r m y D e p o t s
i n d i c a t e d t h i s m e t h o d to be u n s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r shi pp ing v e h i c l e s in sea
b a r g e s , o t h e r f e a s i b l e m e t h o d s w e r e e x p l o r e d . T h r e e p o s s i b l e w a y s to
f a l s e d e c k b a r g e s f o r s h i p m e n t of v e h i c l e s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d : (a) F a l s e
d e c k i n g k i t s c o m m e r c i a l ly av a i l a b l e f r o m the r e sp e c t i v e b a r g e m a n u f a c -
t u r e r s m a y be u s e d . A m o d i f i c a t i o n f o r S E A B E E b a r g e s h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d
b y t h e L y kes B r o t h e r s S t e a m s h i p C o m p a n y . A k i t f o r t h e LASH li g h t e r is
a v a i l a b l e t h a t u t i l i z e s c r o s s b e a m s w i t h p r e f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l c o v e r s pl a c e d
o v e r t h e top of the c r o s s b e a m s ; (b ) Wood can be u s e d to c o n s t r u c t a
f a l s e d e c k t h a t f i t s t h e v e h i c u l a r c a r g o ; ( c ) A f a l s e d e c k can be a s s e m b l e d
using adjustable commercial storage racks.

4. CONCLUSIONS. T h e f o l l o w i ng c o n c l u s i o n s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m the
anal ysis of the stud y:

~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~
 euuil u ~~ i call y
a. M ultilaye ring mil itary veh icl e s i n se;t b arges is
m u .~~ he detc r mined on a
feasible under certain charte r conditions and
case-b y-case basis.

cnc r to accommodate
Barges , when converted or n i t , d i t i ’ d
th e
b. ~ by
G o v e r n m en t .
f a l s e d e c k in g , are the roost ad~ antagcouS for the
n w i t h metal is more
c. F a l s e d e c k i n g b a r g es w i t h wood r a t h e r th a
, e sp in i a ll y f o r a l c a s i on a l ship-
d e s i r a b l e f r o m an e c o n o mi c a l s t a n d p o i n t
me n t s .

f or c o s t
d. S m a l l er and lig h t e r v e h i c le s h a v e t h e g r e a t e s t p o t e n t i a l
s a v i n g s p e r u n it .

s h o u l d be
5. R E C OM M E ND A T I O ~~~~ T h e f o l l ow i n g r e c om m e n d a t i o n s
c o n s i d e r ed f o r s h i p p ing m i l it a r y v e h i cl e s .

a c c o m m od a t e
a. B a r g e s m o d i f i e d or c o n v e r t ed b y the o w n e r s to
to shi p v eh i c l e s ,
f a l s e d e c k in g be c h a r t er e d b y the G o v e r n m en t
w h e n e v e r e co n o m i c a l l y j u s t i f i e d .

o c ca s i o n a l or one -
b. Wood be u t i l i z e d to f a l s e - d ec k b a r g es f o r
t i m e shi p me n t s .

of a l a r ge v o l u m e of
c. If a plan can be e s t a b l i sh e d f o r the shi p m e n t
utilized.
v e h i c l e s , an a d j u s ta b l e m e t al r a c k s y st e m be

II. I N TR O D U C T IO N

1. B A CK G R O U ND . With the p r e s e n t tr e n d of A m e r i c a n s h i p p ing com-

ps , it is a n t ic i p a t e d that
p a n i e s c o nv e r t i n g f r o m b r e ak - b u l k to c o n t a i n e rs h i
i s t i c s will i n c r e a s e .
the r o l e of b a r g e- c a r r ying v e s s el s in m i l i t ar y log
B r e a k - b u lk c a r g o and m o s t m i l i t ar y equi p m en t can be ac c o m m o d at e d in
b a r g e - c a r r y ing s h i p s ys t e m s . The
t h e b a r g e s and li g h t e r s i n h er e n t to
h t e r s and SE A B E E b a r g e s allow e a s y
l a r g e h a t ch o p e n i n g s in the LASH li g
to be loaded and positioned w i t h
a c c e s s to the d e c k s , and p e r mi t v e h i c l es
en c o u n t er e d in u s i n g LASH and
o p t i m u m ef f i c i e n c y . One m a j or p r o b l e m
e x p e r i en c e d d ue to the
S E A B E E b a r g e s is the poor cu b e - u t i l i z at i o n f a c to r
d i r ec t i o n .
l a c k of v eh i c l e c ar g o b u i l d - u p in t h e v er t i c a l

B A R G E S . Shi pp ing com-

~. R A T E S FOR LASH L I GH T E R S A N D S EA B E E
M i l i t a r y Sealift Command
p a n y s er v i c e s ar e u s u a l l y booked b y t h e local
c a rr i e r m e t h o d . M i l it a r y
(MSC) o f fi c e and a r e s el e c t e d b y th e l o w- c o s t
m e a s u r e m en t t o (M ~1 ON) (40 c ub i c f e e t )
c a r g o r a te s a r e e s t a b l i s h ed b y ~
y m u l ti p l i e d b~ a r a t e f o r the r o u t e .
or f r e i g h t all k i n d s ( F AK ) b a r g e c a p a c it

..,.
-
- .
‘ ,
.
~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. ~~
‘-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
 ~~~~~--- -
- ~~~~~ .-~~~~~~~~~~ - - ~~
-

W h e n F A K r a t e s ar e app l i c a b l e o r if it b e c o m e s e c e s s a r y to l e a s e b a r g e s
f o r e x c l u s i v e u s e b y t h e G o v er n m e n t , tb s i t u a t i on m a y b e c o m e e con o m i a l l y
a d v a n t a g e o u s f o r t h e m i l i t a r y to m a x i m i z e s p a c e u t i l i z a t i o n .

III. B A R G E - S H I P SYSTEMS

1. B A R G E SHIPS. T h e r e a r e two b a r g e - c a r ry ing s h i p s y s t em s - LASH

and S E A B E E . E a c h s y s t e m has two p r i m a r y c o m p o n e n t s : a m o t h e r s h i p
and a f a m i l y of li g h t e r s or b a r g e s , both c o m m o n l y c al l e d b a r g e s . B o t h
shi ps can load or d i s c h a r g e t h e i r b a r g e s b y u s i n g l i f t i n g d e v i c e s at ti- c
s t e r n in e i t h e r an o f f s h o r e a nc h o r a g e o r an e s t a b l i s h e d p o r t . S EA B E E
b a r g e s a n d L A S H li g h t e r s a r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h w o r l d w i d e i n l a n d w a t e rw ay
systems.

2. LA S H S Y S T E M . LASH i s an a c r o n y m f o r li g h t e r a b o a r d s h i p. ”
A l t h o u g h t h e r e a r e m i n o r v a r i a t i o n s in the s h i ps a n d li g h t e r s of t h e d i f f e r -
e n t c a r r i e r s , all a r e b a s i c a l l y s i m i l a r . F iv e d i f f e r e n t s h i pp i n g c o m p a n i es
u n d e r t h e US F l a g u s e the LASH li g h t e r s y s t e m . T h e c o m p a n i e s a r e as
follows:

M a x i m u m N u m b e r of
N a m e of N u m b e r of Li g h t e r s C a r r i e d b y Shi p
Shi pp ing Com pany M o t h e r Shi ps M o t h e r Shi p C l a s s if i c a t i o n

Waterman 3 89 C9
C e n t r a l Gulf 3 8~ C9
Delta 3 C9
P a c i f i c j~ ar E a s t 6 62 C~
Prudential 5 62 Cl ~

The C8 LASH mothe r shi p is 820 fee t long and 100 feet wide . The C~
LASH mo ther shi p is 89.3 feet long and 100 feet wide. The LASH carries
62 to 89 lig hters plus some con tainers equating to 25, 000 to 40 , 000
measurement tons of cargo v o l u m e, d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e u t i l i z a t i o n f a c t o r s
of ca rgo stowage and hull size. .-\1l LASH shi ps a r e eq u i pped wi th a 500-
lo n g ton ( L T O N ) g a n t r y c r a n e to l i f t t h e li g h t e r s . T h e c r a n e t r a v e l s on
r a i l s t h e en t i : c : l e n g t h of t h e shi p. It p i c k s u p a li g h t e r a t t h e s t e r n ,
t r a v e l s t o w a r d s t h e bow of t he s h i p, and s t o w s t h e l i g h t e r t r a n sv e r s e l y
i n a vertical stack in the holds . W h e n t h e s t ack of li g hters reaches the
wea t he r d e c k le v el , t he h a t c h c o v e r s a r e posi ti o ned by the c r a n e , and one
or two m o r e li g h t e r s or c o n t a i n e r s m a y be s t o w e d on t h e h a t c h c o v e r .
One of t h e o u t s t a n d i n g f e a t r e s of t h e L A S H s y s t em is t h a t all li g h t e r s
h a v e t h e i n t e r c h a n g e a b i l i ty of b e i n ,g l o a d e d / u n l o a d e d and t r a n s p o r t e d by
a n y a v a i l a b l e m o t h e r s h i p.

~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~

 - ______________

3. S E A B E E SY STEM. S E AB E E is a sh o r t t i t l e f o r sea b a r g e . The

There
S E A BE E m o t h er s h i p is t h e l a r g er of t h e b a r g e - c a r r yi ng ships .
is onl y one shi pp i n g c o m p a n y th a t o p er a t e s t h e S E AB E E s y s t e m .

N u m b e r of N u m b e r of B a r g es Shi p
~~~m e of C l a s s i f i c a t io n
Shi pp i n g C o m p a n y M o t h e r Shi ps C a r r i e d b y M o t h e r Sh~ p

3 38 C8
L y kes h rothers

The SEABEE
The SEABEE mother shi p is 874 fee t long and 106 feet wide.
000 measurement tons of cargo
c a r r i e s u p t o 38 b a r g e s eq u a t i n g to 38 ,
i t u d i n a l l y on t hr e e d e c k s;
sto’a ’age v ol u m e . T h e b a r ge s a r e st o w e d long
d e c k . A uni q u e
U e a c h on t h e m a i n and l o w e r d e ck s and 14 on t h e u p p er
s u b m er s i b le
f e a t u r e of t h e S E A B E E s hi p is t h e 2 , 0 0 0 — L T O N - c a p a c i t y
l o a d e d b a r g es
s t e r n e l ev a t o r t h a t is c a p ab l e of l i f t in g or l o w er i n g t w o f u l l y
Si Iii u It an e o u sl y.

IV . LIGHTE RS AND BARGES

e ss e nt iall y
1. L A S H LIGHTER CHARACTERISTIC S. LASH li g h t e r s a re
floating ship holds. They are rectangular in shape , app r oxima t el y 61. 5
m e t a l u l l s , and
h
f e e t long by 31 f e e t wide , n o r m a l l y w it i d o u b l e - s k i nn e d
c o n s t r u c ti o n , h u t
r e m o v a b l e h a t c h c o v e rs (Fi g ur e 1). M o s t a r e of s t e el
y t h e h at c h e s f ib e r -
some ar e of f i b e r g l a s s and s o m e ar e of s t e el w i t h onl
ht and a hole in the o u t er hull
g l a s s . T h e s t e e l in n e r hull is not w a t e r t i g .
could r e s u l t in a f l o o d e d c a r g o c o m p a r t me n t . T h e lig h t e r can c ar r y up to
369 L T O N of c a r go at a m a x i m um d r a f t of 8 f e e t 7 i n c h es , b u t r o o s t c a r go
loads of a v e r a g e d e n si t y d r a w onl y 5 or 6 f e e t.

are
2. S EA B EE B A R G E C HA R A C T ER I S T I C S . The S E A B E E b a r g e s
35 f e e t w id e , and
r e c t a n g u l ar in shape , a p p r o x i m a te l y 97. 5 f e e t long b y
has s e v e n w a t er t i g ht m e t a l
a r e c o ns t r u c t e d wi t h a double h u l l . E a c h b a r g e
pounds e ac h and r e qu i r e
h a t c h c o v e r panels th a t wei g h a p p r ox i m a t e l y 5, 800
The S E A B E E b a r g e is
a c r an e f o r emp l a c e m e n t and r e m o v al (Fi g ur e 2 ) .
t h e s a me w i d t h and o n e - h a l f th e l e n g th of t h e s t a nd a r d US c o m me r c i a l
r i v e r b ar g e . It h a s a p p ro x i m a t e l y t w i c e t h e c ar g o - c a r r y ing c a p a c i t y of
t h e LASH li g h t e r .

~~~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- --
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ - - -~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~~~

INSIDE HOLD
HEIG HT lO’ •2’ —
~

cs’i
~
‘
~~~~~~

NOT TO SCALE

HATCH PANE[S: 3 EA , APPROX 6000 LB PER PANEL

CARGO CAPACITY: 369 LTON/19500 CU FT/490 MTON
EMPTY DRAFT: 2’i/2”
FULLY LOADED DRAFT: 8’~7”
LIGHTER EMPTY WEIGHT: 80 ITON

Fi gu r e 1. LASH Li g h t e r C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( P r u d e n t i a l) .

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ 1,I . .

~~~• . -.
I

INSIDE HOLD
HUGHT 11 - 3 ’

T T O SGA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~

HATCH PANELS: 1 EA , APPROX 5800 LB PER PANEL

• CA RGO CAPACITY: 834 LTON/3914 0 CU FT/ 978 .5 MTON
EMPTY DRAFT: 1’ 9”
~
FULLY LOADED DRAFT: 10’ 1”
~
-1
LIGHTWEIGHT BARGE: 150 LION

Fi g u r e b . S E A l ~ I~ Tb l i r g e Ch a r . ct e r i st i c s.

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1. \ ‘h f l J C ij ’. \SS 5S/’~lIbN 1’ . A i t e r on ; I S S C S S I O & n t of (1: flleI)R1 C , lt! c

s t i e s of t i e L A S H l i g h t e r s ant i SE A I 7 L E . c r g c s , a r e v i e w ut T I 5 5 - - l u - I
\VIS S m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e w h i c h m i l i t a ry ‘v ~ hi clc~ had d i m e n s i o n ; , i c h a r t —
t e r i st i c s s u i tab l e f o r mu ~ t i l a y e r s t a c k i n g . \ l i s t was co m p i l e d b y t a b l e
of e q l i pn e nt ( T O E ) n u mb e r w i t h the m aj o r a c t o r of c o n s i b e r a t i o n l) e i ! 0 3
f
t h e m u i n im u n i r e d u c e d h e i g ht of t h e v e h i c l e ( T a b l e I ) . F r o n ti -is - is
l o a d i ng p l a n s w e r e d e ve l o p e d f o r b oth b a r g e s .

TABLE
_________
‘ a l l e l Es L O E SL O E R E I ) FoR AC K I N L

~~~~ l L~~~ t h i~~~

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t ( - -

i r a j l r , Cargo , i / - i — h o ~t i 1 t 108.5 01 .5 .. . ; 550

79 ~ 7 T r a i t o r , Car g o , 3 / 4 — T o n SIOIA1 .7 75 . 8) . ,
-

W95811 ru or , a r g o , 1— 1/2—To ri N1U5A 2 166 .0 55.2 55. - 2 , 077

597719 ; r a i h ’ r , Car go , 3/4—Ton 5709 ii ., .;, 7. •. Z . u 750

-
. 9887 ‘ rai 0’r , Tank , Water 5107A 2 162.o Si ..- 76.~~’~ ~~~~~~~~~
X38 365 Truck , A rb u la nce 4L 156.5 78 . 1 Sn ’ 3 , 700
ruck , Ambul ance , 1/4—Ton 5718 133. 3 0 5 .7 12 . 3 2 , 0 15
518179 l r o c k , .\pit u a n e ~~, 1/4—Ton >5 170 155. ) 0 7.) ~~ . -, 3
:18961 T r u c k , \ nb i a c o , 3—1/4—Ton 579. : 22 6 . 84 . : 65. 7 , 620
X39 59 8 T r u c k , 7a r g o , 1/4 — — 3/4—Ton 46 a;27: 190.u 78. - 71. 3 , 590
559 7 Y Tr u c i , a r go , /- i—Ton 137131 185.5 75.3 64.5 5 , 600
X 39872 Tr uc k , ‘arg o . 3 -~— ‘ion 7117 81557 . 19 0 . 3 75.3 o4 ~ 5
539877 T ru ck , Ca rgo , 1—T on 7000GVW 206.1 79. . 70 .a-” 4 ,110
1 9883 1~~~;~~ , La r g , 1—I /3—Ton Ff715 71 .5 85.2 5~~. 3
539906 Truck , h-.rgo , 1—1/4— Ton 7 177’W 7 22J. 5 85.3 59 .3 5 , 800
S 59 9-C T r u c k . ‘ argo . —1 /-1—L~ 115611757: 531.1 85.3 67.5 7 , 480
S c aJ O ( J 1 J f r u o L , Cargo , • — i / 7 — h~~ ‘3 8 3 1 1 6. . 1 90.5 81. i/I 13 , 000
.1J : ~~~~~~~~ a r ~~ , — 1 ’ 2 — too >t i A2 C 264. 7 96.5 81. t , 13 , - 70
5 3 1 1-.
~~ 1 r i t a l . La rge , 2— ~2 — l o n “ CiA. I ’ll 278.5 96.5 81. ~ ‘h 13 , 700
53,3 77 7 ru . , i r a . 2— / 2 — T o n 7- J ::L7’l N 2 7 8 .5 96.5 81. 13 . 700
510283 -: r a , oa r go , 2— l/7 - 1an ,36A2 329.0 9 5 •j 80. 7~~; 1. ,
T r u ck , L. r g o , 2—i / —T n 37A255N 3- 2 .5
~ 95 .7 80. )‘ 15 , 110
207-1 Fr ~~~ . rr’: ’ i , /2—lan OSOu ;Vw 167 .8 77.3 77 .. : 3 , 23 5
I 77(• 53 i r u c ~~ i~~ i i L’ . . 1’ -• - l ri ‘1131A2 131,0 & . .3 52.5
500833 1 r ’ :k , U t il i :v , I .—hn 1138 134 .9 62.3 55.3 .7 , 2 5 0
X6097 0 T ru k , L’ t i l i t y , - — T ,ru 71785511 13 3 . 7 62.2 55.0 2 , 535
• 5612-. . l rti , Uti iity, ‘.-la n 1115 1AI C 131.3 63.3 5 2 .~ ~~~~~
X6 1381 Tru-: i , Cr - I i 1 , 1- .,- I o n 7 38 7 5 1 134 .8 b4.0 ‘0 . 5 . 0

~ ‘ A11 vc° i - l e a ,ur .‘ r , - d ; ;ed v mititnon di - a l c o a i n a c cnr l o O r , - a t t o AR 2 2 0 — l u .

~ i SE A B E E on1’~ .
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2. M E T i 005 CO~\i~~1l ) L R E D . B a s e d on t h e l i s t of v e h i c l e s and h a r 2 e

• l o a d i n g p l a n s , f o u r v e h i c l e s t a c k i ng m e t h o d s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d :

a. S h i ob i o l l e r ’ S M I s c dec k i n g in t h e L A S H li g h t e r and S E AB E I l ba r e t .

\ v ar e h o use s at A r o y
b. ~ t o r . i u ’ e r a c k s u s ’ d f o r t i e r i n g v e h i c l e s in
depots.

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c. False decking ;ith s t a n d a r d c o m me r c i a l s t o r a g e r a c k s .

d. B u i l d i n g w o o d e n f a l s e d e c k i n g in t h e b a r g e s .

3. S HI P B U I L D E R ’S F A L S E D E C K I N G OF S E A BE E B A R G E S A N D LASH
L I G H T E R S . The Lykes B r o t h e r s SEABEE b a r g e p r o v i d e s t h e c a p a b i l i t y
of i n s t a l l i ng and r e m o v i ng a s e m i f al s e d e c k . T h i s is a c c o m pl i s h e d b y
i n s t a l l i ng a s e r i e s of r e m o v a b l e s t e e l b e a m s t h w a r t s h i p of t h e b a r g e at
a p p r o x i m a t e ly 8 - f o o t i n t e r v a l s and a t a hei g h t of 5 f e e t 7 i n c h e s a b o v e t i e
b o t t o m c a rg o d eck . T h e b e a m s a r e s u s p e n d e d in p l a c e b y l o c k i ng t h e m
i n t o a s e r i e s of s o c k e t s b u i l t i n t o t h e wall of t h e b a r g e . T h e u s e of t i - i s
t w e e n d e c k a r r a ng em e n t p e r m i t s c a rg o of m o d e r a t e hei g ht to be l o a d e d on
two l e v e l s a n d t h e m i x i n g of c a r g o f o r b e t t e r c u b e u t i l i z a t i o n . T h i s s v ~~t e m
w a s d e v e l o p e d p r i m a r i l y as a c o n t a i n e r pl a t f o r m f o r s h i pp ing v e h i c l e s on
t h e b a r g e b o t t o ni c a r g o d e c k and c o n t a i n e r i z e d c a r g o a b o v e . W h e e l e d
equi p m e n t m a y be t r a n s p o r t e d on two l e v e l s b y u t i l i z i n g t h e r e m o v a b l e
t w e e n d e c k f o r v e h i c l e s t o w a g e . H o w e v e r , t h e t w e e n d e c k will r e q u i r e
a d d i t i o n a l f a l s e d e c k i ng a c r o s s t h e b e a m s to a c c o m m o d a t e a n a l l - v e h i c u l a r
l o a d . V e h i c l e s r e d u c i b l e to 67 i n c h e s or l e s s m ay be stowed on t h e b a r g e
d e c k b e n e a t h the c o n v e r t e d c o n t a i n e r pl a t f o r m or tween d e c k . I n c l u d e d
in t h i s g r o u p a r e m o s t 1/ 4 - t o n t r u c k s and c e r t a i n 3 / 4 - a n d 1 - 1 / 4 - t o n
t r u c k s . V e h i c l e s r e d u c i b l e to 96 i n c h e s or l e s s m a y be s t o w e d on t h e
c o n v e r t e d c o n t a i n e r pl a t f o r m or t w e e n d e c k . U s e of t h e b i l e v e l s t o w a g e
a r r a n g e m e n t s u b s t a n t i a l ly i n c r e a s e s t h e c a p a c i t y of t h e S E A B E E b a r g e f or
certain vehicular cargo .

A s s u m i ng t h a t the b a r g e c h a r t e r or r e n t a l c o s t will be t h e s a m e w i t h or
w i t h o u t t h e t w e e n d e c k c o n v e r s i o n, t h i s is p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t e c o n o m i c a l ly
a d v a n t a g e o u s m e t h o d f o r t h e G o v e r n m e n t to shi p m i l i t a r y v e h i c l e s b e c a u s e
t h e m a i n t e n a n c e and s t o r a g e of the t w e e n d e c k c o n v e r s i o n kit w o u l d be t h e
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e s h i pp i n g c o m p a n y . U n f o r t u n a t e l y t h e r e a r e onl y
t h r e e b a r g e s m o d i f i e d f o r t h e t w e e n d e c k c o n v e r s i o n . The L y k e s B r o t h e r s
m a n a g e m e n t w a s q u e r i e d r e g a r d i n g t h e l i k e l i h o o d of f u t u r e m o d i f i c a t i o n s
to e x i s t i n g b a r g e s . T h e i r r e p l y was t h a t t h e y h a v e no plans in t h i s r e s p e c t
f o r t h e f o r e s e e a b l e f u t u r e s i n c e t h e m o d i f i c a t i o n c o s t of $28 , 000 p e r b a r g e
is not an e c o n o m i c a l l y f e a s i b l e i n v e s t m e n t f o r t h e shi pp ing c o m p a n y .

M a c G r e g o r - C o m a r a i n , In c . , h a s d e s i gn e d a p r o t o t y p e c o n ve r s i o n k i t t h a t can
be u t i l i z e d f o r f a l s e d e c k i n g LASH li g h t e r s . T h e k i t c o n s i s t s of six up-
r i g ht p o s t s a n d t h r e e c r o s s b e a m s a l o n g w~ th t e n h a t c h c o v e r s e c t i o n s .
Two i n r i g h t p o s t s ( 6 - f e e t hi g h) a n d a c r o s s beam ( 2 8 - f e e t l o n g ) a r e p l a c e d
at ca h e n d of t h e li g h t e r . T h e t h i r d c r o s s b e a m and two u p r i g ht p o s t s a r e
i n s t a ll . s d itt t h e c e n t e r of t h e li g h t e r . Thi s a r r a n g e m e n t p r o v i d e s t h e
s ub s t r i s c t i r r to s u p p o r t t h e h a t c h c o v e r s e c t i o n s . T h e t e n h a t c h c o v e r
Sec li o n s ( 1 5 f e e t lo n g b y 5. 7 f e e t w i d e ) a r e p l a c e d l e n g t h w i s e i n s i d e t h e
l ig h t e r t~~ f o r m the f a l s e d e c k . T h i s m e t h o d of f a l s e d e c k i n g LASH li g h t e r s

i t• ’ - _ _
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is p r o b a b ly t h e m o s t e c o n o m i c a l l y ;t c k ’ a i i t a g e o u s to t h e ( 1 u v e r m n i i e lt under
c e r t a i n c h a r t e r c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e s an e r e a s o n s p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d f o r t h e
S E AB E E b a r g e . A c o s t of $33 , 000 p e r c o n v e r s i o n k i t m a y p r o h i b i t t h e
shi pp ing c o m p a n i e s f r o m i n v e s t i n g i n m o r e t h a n a l i m i t e d n u mb e r .

-1 . VEHICLE STORAGE IN WAREHOUSES AND A R M Y DEPOT S. Present

A rmy policy de mands storage of most whc-eled vehicles in covered facilities.
B e c a u s e of di men sio n al c h a r a c t e r is t ics , v ehicl es oc cu py c o n s i d e r abl e fl oo r
a r e a , and s i n g le t i e r s t o r a g e results in e x c e s s i v e s p a c e o n s u m p t i o n . In
o r d e r to a c h i e v e s pac e e c o n o m y in t h e s t o r a g e of w h e el e d v e h i c l e s , s t e p s
h a v e b e e n t a k e n to t i e r v e h i c l e s to t h e m a x i m u m d e g r e e p r a c t i m a b l e . In
s u p p o r t of t h i s p o l i c y , equi p m e n t a n d m e t h o d s h a v e b e e n d e s i gn e d f o r
s t a c k i n g m a n y t y p e s of v e h i c u l a r equi p m e n t .

a. M e t a l t i e r i n g equi p m e n t c o n s i s t s of r a c k s of s t a n d s in v a r y ing
d e s i g n s , dep e n d i ng upon the t y p e equi p m e n t to be s to r e d . For t i e r i n g
t w o - w h e e l e d t r a i l e r s and c er t a i n t y p e s of t r u c k s , a n u p r i g ht m e m b e r con-
s t r u c t e d of h e a v y s t e e l c h an n e l o r a n a n g le a d e q u a t e l y b r a c e d at t h e b a s e
i s p l a c e d at each end of the s t o r a g e s p a c e f o r t h e v e h i c l e . B r a c k e t s a r e
spaced at p r o p e r v e r t i c a l in t er v a l s to s u p p o r t t h e t i e r e d u n i t s . For
h e a v i e r t r u c k v e h i c l e s , d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of s u p p o r t s a r e r e q u i r e d .

b. The c a n t i l e v e r r a c k s that a r e used f o r s t o r a g e in A r m y d e p o t s

w e r e a n a l y z e d w i t h r e s p e c t to s u i t a b i l i t y f o r s t a c k i n g v e h i c l e s in the LA SI-l
li g h t e r or S E A B E E b a r g e . M a j o r m o d i f i c a t i o n s or r e d e s i gn of t h e s t or a g e
r a c k w o u l d he r e q u i r e d to s e c u r e a d e q u a t e l y th e v e h i c l e s r e s t i n g on t h e
c a n t i l e v e r p o r t i o n of t h e r a c k . T h e r e m u s t be a n aw a r e n e s s t h a t t h e
f o r c e s a c t i n g on a b a r g e or li g h t e r d u r i n g o c e a n t r an s i t a r e m o r e e x t r e m e
t h a n t h o s e e n c o u n t e r e d in n o rm a l r i v e r t r a f f i c . Th e r o l l i n g m o t i o n of t h e
b a r g e s in r o u g h s e a s could be as m u c h as 30 d e g r e e s . T h i s r o l li n g m o t i o n
and t i l t i n g e f f e c t p r o h i b i t s u s e of the c an t i l e v e r s t o r a g e r a c k w i t h o u t
m o d i f i c a t i o n or r e d e s i gn . Since the d e p o t s t o r a g e r a c k s y s t e m w a s not
s u i t a b l e f o r s t a c k i n g v e h i c l e s in b ar g e s , no a t t e m p t w a s m a d e to m a k e a
c o s t a n a l y s i s f or c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e o t h e r t i e r i n g s y s t e m s b e i n g con-
s i d e r e d f o r u s e . Fi g u r e s 3 and 4 are drawings of cantilever storage racks
u s e d f o r m u l t i l a y e r i n g M4 16 m i l i t a r y t r a i l e r s , a n d Fi g u r e 5 d e p i c t s t h e
v e h i c l e s as t h e y a r e m o u n t e d f o r s t o r a g e in A r m y d e p o t s . Fi g u r e 6 dep i c t s
1 / 4 - t o n t r u c k s ( j e e p s ) s t o r e d on a c a n t i l e v e r s t o r a g e r a c k sy s t e m .

5. FALSE DECKING LASH LIGHTER WITH WOOD. In t h e f i r s t q u a r t e r

of Fiscal Ya r 1975 , th e r e w a s a r e q u i r e m e n t to s h i p 1 , 0 5 5 e e p s to Me
M i d d l e E a s t . The onl y a v a i l a b l e A m e r i c a n - f la g s e r v i c e to t h e R e d Sea
a r e a w a s W a t e r m a n S t e a m s h ip C o m p a n y ’ s LASH li g h t e r s e r v i c e . .-\t t h a t
t i m e it w a s d e t e r m i n ed b y M i l i t a r y T r a f f i c M a n a g e m e n t C o m m a n d E a s t e r n
A r e a t h a t if a f a l s e d e c k w e r e c o n s tr u c t e d a b o v e t h e f i r s t l ev e l of v e h i c l e s ,

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Fi g u r e 3. D ep o t S t o r . t ~~e R a c k s f o r M 1 1 6 T r a i l e r .

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 ld be d ou b l e d . A s s n i u i n g
t h e n u m b e r of v e }i i c ~ es c a r r i e d in e I t c I l li g h t e r c’u ~~
t i c n t w i c e as m a n y ~‘e h i c I cS
t h e li g h t e r c h a r t er c o s t wo u l d r e l l i l t i l l c o n s t t at ,
fo r t h e or i g in a l I~ t r t e r ~~~ st p l u s the ost of l ab o r a n d
~~,u1d be shi pped I h e two lo a d i n g
m a t er i a l s u s e d in t h e c o i i s t r i : c t o li of t h e l O l S e d e e 2 .

M ob il e D e t a c h m en t . Even
p o r t s i n v o l v e d w e r e B a l ti m o r e O u t po r t a n d
r c h a n ge a b l e w i t h t h e m o th e r s h i ps , t h e
t h I t i g li all L . • ’\SH li g h t e r s a r e i n t e
ing c om p a n i e s . which
d e s i g n s o t h e b a r g e i n t e rw a l l s v a r y b e t w e e n s h i pp
d e p e n d in g u p r n b a r g e con-
m e a n s f a l s e deck e r e c t io n m a y be d i f f e r en t
w e r e 4- b y
st r i n c t i o n . M a t e r i a l s u s ed to c o n s tr u c t t h e w o o d e n f a l se d e c k s
a p pr o p r i a t e si z e
4 - i n c h s t u d s , 2 - b y 4 - i n c h s t u d s , 2 - i n c h p l a n k i n g , and
u t i l i z e d in l i e u of p l a n k i n g w h e n
n a i l s . Pl ywood of s u ff i c i e n t s t r en g t h w a s
4 - i n c h w er e p l a c e d a g ai n s t t h e
t h e p r i c e w a s f a v or a b l e . Sills of 4- b y
Sing le b u l k h e ad b a r g e s
i n s i d e ed ge of a double b u l k h e a d b a r g e ( P r u d e n t i a l) .
s t ud s were toenailed
( W a t e r m a n) do not n e e d s i l l s . U p r i g ht 4 - b y 4 - i n c h
s u p p o r ti n g m e mb e r s f o r t h e
i n t o t h e b a s e p late or sill at i n t er v a l s to f o r m
s e cu r e t h e s u p po r t i n g
f a l s e d e ck . A 2- b y 4 - i n c h t o p p l a t e w a s u s e d to
w e r e i n s ta l l e d on t o p of e ar I- .
s t u d s into p o s i ti o n , t h e n 4- b y 4 - i n c h b e am s
f a l s e d e ck . The
of t h e 4- b y 4 - i n c h s tu d s to t r an s v e r s e l y su p p o r t t h e
b a r g e to th e o p p o s i t e s i d e w1tl 4 - by
b e a m s w e r e e xt e n d e d a cr o s s t h e ~
d e t e rm i n e d by v e h i c l e s iz e .
4 - i n c h s u p po r t i n g s tu d s at o p p o r t u n e p o i n t s
The 4 - i n c h b y 4 - i n c h b e am s w e r e d e c k e d o v er with 2 - i n c h planking laid
in a f o r e and a f t d i r ec t i o n . V a r i o u s t y p e s of b r a c e s , s u c h a s c o r n e r , 1-
r e q u i r e d . F i gu r e s
i n c h , and K - b r a c e s , w e r e u s e d to p r o v i d e s t r e n g t h as
p r o gr e s s . Fi g ur e 9 dep icts
7 and 8 show c o n s tr u c t i o n of t h e f a l s e d e c k in
shi p m e n t . W h e e l e d
a l oa d e d b a r g e r e a d y f o r c o v er s to be s ec u r e d f or
on f a l s e d e c k i n g
c a r g o th a t s h o u l d be c o n s i- l e r e d i n t h i s t y p e of p r o g r am
of a s h o r t hei g h t d i m e n s io n ,
to in c r e a s e c ub e u t i l i z a t io n is lig ht v e h i c l e s
forth.
• s u c h as j e e p s , s e d a n s , 2 - w h e e l ed t r a i l e r s , and so

F E A T U R E S OF W O OD D E C K I N G . T h e r e is u s u a l l y an am p le z u p p !v
6.
of l u mb e r r e ad i l y av a i l a b l e in d e s i r e d s iz e s at m a j or s e a p o r t s w I t h i n
m a k e s an e x c e l l en t
(1 ONUS. S o u t h e r n p ine or Doug l a s - f i r is p l e n t i f u l an d
r a n g e p a r al l e l to g r a in of
b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l w i t h a c om p r e s s iv e s t r e n g t h
slotted , and s h a pe d to a c c on lm o -
• 1 , 1 ~ O psi to 1, 750 p s i . Wood c a n be c u t ,
SEA B E E b a r g e s . W o o d
d a t e v e h i cu l a r c a r g o in both LASH li g h t e r s and
r e c e i v i ng i n s t a l l a -
u s e d f o r f a l s e d e ck i n g b a r g e s can be m a n if e s t e d to t h e
t i o n a.nd r e u s ed or d i s p o s e d of as a p p r o pr i a t e .

Most racks
7. ME T A L ST O R A G E R A CK S - O F F - T H E- S H E L F I T E M S .
ar e b a s i c a l l y t h e ~~ I i i ~~t a b l e
t h a t can be p u r c h a s e d as o f f - t h e- s h e l f i t e m s
i n s and l o ck i n g d e v i c es , which
t ’;p e w i t h v a r io u s hei g ht r a n g e s . S a f e t y p
e qu i p m e nt
sec r e t h e i n t e r l o c k i n g m e m b e r s , a r e o f f er e d as o p ti o n a l
T h e r e a r e se v e r a l d i f f e r e n t c om r ~~e r i u l l v m a n u f a c t red
( F i gu r e 10).
f o r fa1 ~~r- dec i ~~1h.7
being U Sc-LI -:
m e t a l st r a g e r a ck s t h at h a v e t .e p o t e n t i a l f o r
• 1
t S r e q c i i r ~~ t o b u i J d a
in L. \~~f i li ~~h t e r s ‘m d S E AB E E b a r g e s . C om p o n c ~~
h t f r a n t e a , s t e p St r i n t g Cs , d e c l G t u g , a td c r s
l a l s ’ : d e c k c o n s i st of ‘ n n r ~ g
r t b a r s ( F i g i r c -’ 1 1) .
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STANDARD RACKS
SERIES 3200

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F i g u r e 10 . St o r a g e R i c k C o r n er Post.

Is

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STEP STRINGER CROSS SECTION

STEP STRINGER

3/ 16 ” HH 3” H
Is 120 ’ ’ ii
123 3/ 8 ” COLUMN CL
STEP STRINGER WIT H CORNER POST

NOT TO SCALE

Fi g u r e 11. Step S t r i n g e r C h a r ac t e r i s t i c s .

T h e u p r i g h t f r a m e s s er v e as c o r n e r p o s t s a n d a r e av a i l a b l e in a h e i g h t
r a n g e of 5 to 24 f e e t itt i n c r e m e n t s of 1 f o o t . L o a d- c a r r yi n g c a p a c i t y
r a n g e f or the u p r i g h t f r a m e s is 16, 000 to 45 , 000 pounds p e r p a i r , d e p e n d i n g
upon w h i c h t y p e of f r a m e is s e l e c t e d .

Step s t r i n g e r s come in 15 d i f f e r en t s t e p hei g h t s with a r a n g e of 3 to 6 - 1 / 2

i n c h e s and a r e av a i l a b l e in i n c r em e n t s of 1 / 4 i n c h . S t r i n g e r s m a y be
s e l e c t e d in 10 d i f f e r e n t l e n g t h s w i t h a r a n g e of 4 to 12 f e e t . T h e l o a d-
• c a r r y ing c a p a c i t y is d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l to the s t e p hei g ht w i t h a load

19

,.

— ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -r~ i~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ r

n _ _ _ _ _ -
 r a n g e of 7 , 4 6 0 to 13 , 000 p o u n d s p er p a ir . If a l o a d - c a r r y i n g c a p a c i t y i n
e x c e s s of 13 , 000 p o u n d s p e r p a i n ’ is d e s i r e d , t i r e s t r e n g t h c a n be i n c r e a s e d
w i t h an i n c re a s e i n ma t eri a l t M . k a e s s . T h i s t y p e of s t r i n g e r w o u l d he in
the category of special order o r d e s i g n , a n d t h e nn ; t n n f a c t u r e r s o f f e r th en
itt a h i g h e r c o s t t h a n t h e s t a n d a r d o t f — t h e — s h e l f i t e m s . It c a n be c o n cl u d e d
that vehicles weig hing more than 13 , 1)0 0 p o u n d s w i l l r e q u i r e S p e c i a l
stringers. Pl ywo od , 3/4-inches thick , or metal catwalk can be used as
d e c k i n g on t o p of t h e c r o s s b a r . Sp e c i f i c l o a d - c a r r yi n g i n f o r m a t i o n f o r
t h e c r o s s b a r s to m a t c h t h e s t e p s t r i n g e r s w a s n o t o b t a i n a b l e f r o m til e
n i a n u f a cu r e r s b r o c h u r e s . T h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e c r o s s b a r s
a r e d e s i gti ed to be e q u a l o r e x c e e d t h e l o a d - c a r r yi n g c a p a c i t y of t h e
s t r i n g e r s . I n f o r m a t i o n ob t a i n e d f r o m t h e r a c k d e v e l o p e r s i n d i c a t e s t i at
t h e s t r i n g e r s a r e n o r m a l l y c o n s i d e r e d to be t h e w e a k e s t l i n k in t h e s t o r a g e
rack s y s t e m .

S. F E A T U R E S OF M E T A L R A C K S AS FA L SE D E C K I N G . Metal racks
ila v e g r e a t e r s t r e ng t h t h a n w j d , and t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y a r e ad j u s t a b l e m a k e s
t h e m d e s i r a b l e f o r m i x e d v e h i c u l a r l o a d s . B e c a u s e of t h e h i g h e r s t r e n g t h ,
t h e m e t a l f r a m e d e c k w i l l o c c u p y l e s s v o l u m e w i t h i n t h e shi pp ing hold of
t h e b a r g e t h a n t i t a t of a w o od e n d e c k . Since s t o r a g e r a c k s a r e a q u i c k
a s se n ~ b1y / d i s a s s em b l y s y s t e m , t h e r e q u i r e d ti m e to b u i l d o r d i s m a n tl e a
f a l s e d e c k s h o u l d not be m o r e t h a n t h e t i m e r e q u i r e d f o r wood . ‘T h e r e a r e
s o m e d i s t i n c t d i s a d v a n t a g e s a s so c i a t e d w i t h til e s v s t ~cm , s u c h as c o r r o s i o n
r e s u l t i n g f r o m e x po s u r e to a s a l t l a d e n a t m o s ph e r e . T h e c o s t p r o h i bi t s
t h e r a c k s f r o m b e i n g c o n s i d e r e d as an e x p e n d ab l e i t e m , h e n c e , t h e r e q u i re -
m e n t f o r i n v e n t o r y r e c o r d s and s t o r a g e s p a c e . If s t o r ai ~e s p a c e is not
a v a i l a b l e at t h e d e s ti n a t i o n of t h e s h i p m e n t , t h e f a l s e d e c k i n g m a t e r i a l will
h a v e to be s h i pped r e t r o g r ad e to a al a ce w h e r e s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s a r e avail-
a b l e . R o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c c a n d r e p l a c e m e n t of d a m a g e d or l o s t p a r t s w i l l
a ’s o be a f a c t o r in d e t e r n u i n i n g t h e t o t a l co s t of t h e sy s t e m .

9. L A S H A N D S EA J EE V E H I C L E L O A D I N G P L A N S . Durin g the revtew

to d e te m I l l i e w h i c h m i l i t a ry v e h i c l e s in t i e A r m y i n v e n t o ry had d i m e n s i o n a l
I , c h a ra c t e r i s t i c s s ti t ~~ ble f o r m i lt i l ay e r s t a c k i n g f o r s h i p m e n t in LA S H
~
l i g h t e r s and S EA L E E c-Irges ( r c ’ f c r L ’l t c e T a b l e 1), t h e o v e r a l l l e n g t h ,
w i d t h , and h e i g i t dim e nsio n s , a i o n g w i t h til e weig ht of 28 d i f f e r e n t v e h i c l es .
w e r e a n a l y z e d . E a c h v e h i c u l a r load c o n s i d e r e d , e v e n w h e n c o m b in e d \VlthI
til e w e i g ht of t h e f a l s e d e c k i n g , f i l l e d tile m a x i m u m c u b e c a p a c i ty of t h o
LASH li g h t e r s and S E A B EE b a r g e s b e f o r e wei g h t c a p a c i ty w a s a c h i e v e d .
T h e a n a ly s i s w a s b a s e d on v e h i c l e s b e ] r i g in t h e r e d u c e d c o n f i g u r a t i o n f or
shi pp i n g . -\ m u l t i l a y e r lo a d i ng plan w a s e s t a b l i s h e d f o r e a c h of t i l e v e h i c l e s .
F i g u r e 12 s h o w s ii u o v e r a l l d i me n s i o n s of t h e h I ? 15 a m b i r h u n c c, and Fi g u r e
1 3 is t h e l o a d i n g p l a n l u . r t h i s v e h i le i n t h e LASH li g h t e r . Fi g u r e 14
• d e p i c t s t h e d i m e n s i on s f o r t h e \ I ’i l S c a rg o t r u c k , and F i gu r e 1 5 i s t h e
l o a d i n g p lan f o r t h e \ t 7 1 5 ill tile S I k A T I E E b a r g e . T h e s e a r e r e p r e s c ’ ”t h i r
e c am p les of luac l i llg p l a n s t h a t ‘~;cu r e d e v e l o p e d f o r all 25 vi ’] : I C ] c S .

20

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HOT TO SCA L E

TRUCK , 1/4-TON , AM BU L ANC E , M 118

Fig ’:re 12. E n v e l o p D i m e n s i o n s f o r M 7 18 T r u c k .

iiWLI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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SIDE VIEW SECT ION WEIGHT PER VE HIC L E — 26 15 lB
UPPER TIER 24
NO T TO SC AL E
lOWE R TIE R 24
TOT A L 48

LASH LOADING PLAN , TRUCK , AM BU LANC (. 1/4- TON . NTIS

Fi g u r e 13. S a m p le L o a d i n g Plan f o r
LASh Li g h t e r .

111

• ~-

—— J
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~“ ~ ‘~~~~
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~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~

NOT TO SCALE

TRUCK. 1-1 / 4-TON , CARGO M115

Figure 14. E n v e l o p D i m e n s i o n s f o r M 7 15 T r u c k .

‘
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- - -

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- -

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TOP VIEW

SIDE VIEW . SEC T ION W E IGHT PER i Hu rl 546 0 V

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OuT TIlT 20
N O T TO SCA L E uSIT IV 20
T u ne 40
SEABE E LOAD I N G PLAN . TRUCk , 11/4 TON . NTIS

]‘ i g i r e 15. Samp le L o a d i n g P l a n f o r S E A B E E L a rg e .

‘7

~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.- - - -
~

VI . COST ANALYSIS

1. COST A N A L Y S I S FOR FALSE D E CK I N G LA SH L I G H T E R W I T H WOOD.

E x p e r i e n c e g a i n e d f r o m shi pp ing the 1, 0 5 5 j e e p s to the Middle E a s t in 1974
p r o v e d t h a t f a l s e d e c k i n g LASH b a r g e s is f e a s i b l e f r o m a s a f e t y p o i n t of
v i e w , and at t h a t t i m e u n d e r a c h a r t e r e d b a r g e c o n d i t i o n , it w a s econom-
icall y f e a s i b l e w h e n m a x i m u m cube u t i l i z a t i o n w a s a c h i e v e d . The 1974
e s t i m a t e d c o s t anal y s i s w a s p e r f o r m e d as f o l l o w s :

T o t a l Shipping C h a r t e r Cost - Sing le D e c k $985 , 3 7 0 . 0 0

Sing le D e c k - C o s t per V e h i c l e 934. 00
D o u b l e D e c k - C o s t per V e h i c l e 467. 00
P r o r a t e d C o n s t r u c t i o n C o s t f o r F a l s e D e ck p e r V e h i c l e -

Baltimore 30. 25
Pro rated Construction Cost for False Deck per Vehicle -

Mobile 28.21
Total False-Deck Construction Cost 31~, 7 0 2 . 00
Total Shipp ing Cost - Double Deck 492, 685. 00
Total Cost - Double Deck 523, 387 .00
Cost Savings 461, °83. 00

Al t houg h in 1974 the cost savings gained from double decking ba rges were
s u b s t a n t i a l , s u b s e q u e n t c h a n g e s in t h e r a t e s tr u c t u r e and m e t h o d s of
a f f r e i g h t m e n t d i c t a t e t h a t a c a s e- b y - c a s e (appl i c a b l e r a t e ) anal y s i s m u s t
be c o n d u c t e d to d e t e r m i n e the l o w e s t shi p m e n t c o s t .

2. COST A N A L Y S I S FOR F A L S E D E CK I N G B A R G E S W I T H M E T A L
R A C K S . S e v e r a l a t t e m p t s w e r e m a d e to ob t a i n c o s t i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m
m a n u f a c t u r e r s f o r the s t o r a g e r a c k s y s t e m s . T h e c o m p a n i e s w e r e reLi c-
t a n t to d i v u l ge c o s t data w i t h o u t d e s i gn a n d p r o cu r e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n, s u c h
as s i z e , t y p e , c a p a c i t y , and q u a n t i t y d e s i r e d . If t h i s t y p e of s y s t e m is
- -
.
c h o s e n as a m e t h o d f o r f a l s e d e ck i ng , s e l e c t i o n b e c o m e s a v e r y d i f f i c u l t
p r o b l e m . In o r d e r to e l i m i n a t e t h e need f o r a m e t a l r a c k s y s t e m f or e a c h
v e h i c l e w i t h i n the m i l i t a r y i n v e n t o r y , a s y s t e m f o r f a l s e d e c k i n g would
p r o b a b l y be p u r c h a s e d with the c a p a c i t y to c a r r y t h e h e a v i e s t v e h i c l e s .
The m a x i m u m load c a p a c i t y s y s t e m would a c c om m o d a t e a f u l l r a n g e of
v e h i c l e s , but would a l s o be t h e m o s t e x p e n s i v e . It is e s t i m a t e d t h a t a
s y s t e m with a l o a d - c a r r ying c a p ac i t y of 13 , 000 pounds w o u l d h av e a c o s t
8 to 10 t i m e s t h a t of wood. L o n g e v i t y d e r i v e d f r o m a r e u s a b l e f a l s e d e c k
could com p e n s a t e t h e i n i t i a l c o s t if t h e u s e is f r e q u e n t and r e p e t i t i v e .

3. C U R R E N T M E T H O D S FOR D E T E R M I N G COST F E A S I B I L I T Y FOR

FALSE DECKING, U n d e r t h e p r e s e n t rat e s t r uc t u r e f o r b a r g e s , m a x i m u m
c u b e u t i l i z a t i o n m a y not he t h e m o s t e c o n o m i c a l m e t h o d . C u r r e n t c o s t
c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e c o m p ut e d by u s i ng e it h e r ‘ c o m m o d i t y r a t e s ” o r f r e i g ht

23

‘ ‘ ‘.
‘
~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~
all k i n d s ( F A K ) r a t e s , ’ w h i c h e v e r r e s u l t s i ii t h e l o w e s t c o s t to t h e
G o v e r n m e n t . R a t e s f o r b a r g e shi p m o v e m en t s a r e pu b l i s h e d b y t h e M i l i t ar y
S e a l i f t C o m m a nd (MSC ) in the Shipp ing A g r e e m e n t and R a t e G u i d e ( p r e s e n t l y
R G - l l ) . The c o m m o d i t y r a t e is th e a m o u n t c h a r g e d b y t h e s h i pp i n g com-
p a n i e s f o r b r e a k - b u l k s e r v i c e b y m e a s ur e m e n t t o n . F r e i g h t a l l k i n d s r a t e s
a r e d e t e r m i n e d b y m u l t i pl y ing t h e b a r g e c a p a c i t y ( T ab l e 2) in m e a s u r e -
m e n t t o n s b y ~iile p u b l i s h e d FAK r a te s ( T a b l e 3). C o s t s m u s t be c o m p u t e d
on a c a s e - b y - c a s e b a s i s to a s c e r t a i n t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t m e t h od of a f f r e i g ht-
ment.

TABLE 2

TABLE OF BARGE CAPACITIES

The fol lowing barge capacities are stated in measure ment tons of 40
cubic feet.

BARGE TYPE CENT LYKE PFEL PRUU IIAT]l

LASH 497.5 487.5 487.5 490.0

SEABEE TYPE Al 900.0

SEABEE TYPE A2 946.5

The following examp les illus trate methods for determining the economical
feasibility of false decking barges.

E x a m p le 1

T h e r e q u i r e m e n t is to shi p a L A S H li g h t e r l o a d e d w i t h M 7 18 t r u c k s
f r o m t h e E a s t C o a s t to t h e Middle E a s t . F r o m the d i m e n s i o n s li s ~ ed in
T a b l e 1, the r e d u c e d c o nf i g ur a t i o n of t h e M 7 18 t r u c k y i e l d s 7 MO ON.
Fi g u r e 13 shows a m a x i m u m c a p a ci ty of 48 v e h i c l e s p e r LASH li g h t e r
u s i n g f a l s e d e c k i n g or 24 v e h i c l e s w i t h no f a l s e d e c k i n g . T h e r e a r e two
s h i pp ing co m p a n i e s t h a t s e r v i c e t h e a r e a , C e n t r a l Gulf L i n e s , I n c . and
W a t e r m a n S t e a m s h ip C o r p o r a t i o n , w i t h . both c o m m o d i t y a n d FAK r a t e s
a p p l i c a b l e . F o r t h i s e x a m ple , t h e 1 9 7 4 B a l t i m o r e c o s t p e r v e h i c l e f o r
f a l s e d e c k in g was u s e d .

C o m m o d i t y R a t e s w i t h F a l s e D e ck i n g

C e n t r a l G u l f L i n e s , Inc. , p e r M T O N ..s $ 111. 30

W a t e r m a n Steamshi p C o r p . , p er MTON = 121. ~ 4
C o s t for False Deck per V e h i c l e = 30. 2 5

24

~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -
 TABLE 3

BAR GE SH I P ~~PJLE

TA ~ LE I F FREI”7’ ’ P’L L V tOt’ I 8ARGE p r f f s *

‘
‘u, ‘ 1051 furl I ,~lr ut u’ all r’,~ under
n Carqo is
this
shipped u r a La m e 1 o a ded
Ir u l ‘If cot and loaded a~ a
e l u sh v et
c ar
~~T il Ill ITt if ru ,uL~~ u’l .
~~ ‘ u1 ~~~
l i l t, ‘ (“, ~t t t’ ill doT u r ‘
- and ii t ’ r or c i , i u e
C,A IC t~ t (‘‘~‘t an d f l u $ r l J _ ’ . * ‘ ,
~
‘11111 0’ ,_ I~~~ I c eu -
.0 ’ -
: , t I T I ‘ u : the u~ u~ I i~~ it Ii muir i i T o r u lu I I’I’L C t ,t 11110 ) ~~ the
TI’ i d, cal. c ~ ca p ac u t y of -i , t: as IT sted in I ‘ T ali e r~f Barqe Capa~ i ties.

C C
cu r u L ‘ ii 1 l p rg.j u
~ ~

TlJ ~ 1 OUT hO (II r . OUT JO I i -u Ii ,

0)1
1’ , ill.J5 ?ru .35

—
~~~~ 14 . r

34 . 20 34 .
—
“it

fl It 26.00 25.00
Cl. 30.00 30.10
03. 4 .01 4 .00
07A 05 , . 3 i’ , 43 °3.~~c —‘ 2.~~

Q7,, 1 °2 . 96
~~~ O
-
~~ 5 ‘3 -

10A 22.00 ~~.OO

n~. 19.00 13.00
t3 ~\ 15 1 ’ ” 5 , 3 ~3 0 5 02.96

138 3 5 .43 1’ ‘0’ . ”

.~~~ 3 ~~~~

~ 1 C 3 . 4 .~ 85 . 4

I~ 2 4~ OS. ’
~ ‘‘ ~5A
11 ’ .. 85.03 85. 43
85.43 :~
4’

141) 85.43 5. 13
14 1 5 , 1 ,~ 85. 13

94 . 10 .14 .90

* Ra t e s th e f f e c t I ) r ’l ru ’r 197 ( - . Sh ou l d not . be u s e d a f t e r that date

i - i I ur ic t o c r i I c . it i o u .
~

- —

~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 TABLE 4

SA4I PPIPVG CONTAIP4t R AGREEMENT SCT$ ~ DULE OF RATES — nd..

~~~~~~

I
0 * 1, lI O N OF R O U T E ‘ ‘~~-~ 1 - I ’.-. . 1 ‘.
)II. - ’ ’

Na I’S 1VI
~~
j 1140 1 I 41100— I 4111 4 2 ’. .5 A l- O l ‘ 1 . 1’ ! VII I I 1 I I u . ’ 4 ’.l 40 1 4 4

I ‘, Or rI III’ i ‘ I ‘‘4’ I II - ‘4 4 . 4 ’,

11* 411 luCrIlOlOl TI II I’ll’!’. ’. 0 1 1 1 1 ,

0! 110 il I- 5 l 1 l’ ! ’, l — — lI’IiV -t I I

*
I I ’ ’ . 0- TO! Vol I ’* I i l lu k I \ , I u I M .
I 1-1111-: I a i -i ‘r ~~I ‘‘4.11 ,/ i ~ ,I

5* I .1 I V . ) I i’ Vi* T —( u l S i l O l \ I , \ L I’ I
~ liJI’F 49 ‘*1 -T i-Is ’. ‘* 11 ri ,,

l’1 .l —NII’11111l1\ ’,l TO 4 111 4 0 I , i

N -‘ ~ I I 4’!
~I 0- I 1114 . 1 0) rut’ - ” o i r 40

I’ — I’ .’.! r l u \ ” I - Or -I III I’l l -~ 011-1 1.1 LA S !

-
l I l t - -I II I I IS! -
I l i- I_ i l 1 . 1 1 ,* 1

IS 1 401111\ ” l—l Ill I - I . ) -4)10 4 2 SI 1. 1 11. 1.1 “I ‘4 ’*l I \ \ \ i \

I I- -‘401 411-l Ot IIIAIII #1 I i - T o l I i, ! — A / I I I I I

I ci F 1 1.1 - u 0 1 1 1 u SIO ,u uVI & 01)1111

u il’~ ~‘.1~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Nil I- i ’ 11)1- l l u \ . l - r r u \ I I \ l \ I - \ l_ I I 14411 .1 0 I 4 Oj I l4 ’ ,I ri VI ‘i

N11 I -“ lIl t_i- l l u V ’ .l —VI I I u I I F I I l I % 0 I - -\\ 1111 -4 1. 1 i. Tsr I Ill’,! I I 1111,1 111411

I 01 1.0 1 1 0 5 1 -OIl Ill I - l I & V I u O u - I j 11551 ‘.111 1 # ‘ I F I .I 1 ( 0 - I I r ~~’ I\I ‘40 III I I III II

• l- ~~ 1,1 1,1- 111.1—I ‘411 1 101 5111.-i IA I I- \ o I 1. \ ’ I — I i I I \ I \ \ \ V I r IIV ’ 4 -. I I II \ f l - 0

Is . I i.t auT. r—lI ’ .M - % I I # 1* 1 5 ‘ T o l (‘ O \ o I (V o l t / . i

1,* 11414411 i- Ill I \ - .I 4111 1 III I (III l u -V - I I,! ‘401 T \ T M I I ( i \ 1 4, 1 1 1 1011 II

~

I’
I i’ u ,Ill- -Il I _ -\ (- F.i.- 1 O O I I O I ’ . I - V I i—I fr Il l ‘ . 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
II I ‘4 1 ,1 1 1 ‘ 1’\ 1 — I’I I u , 1 l , I I l - (1
h I \ r , I I r i V & 1 1(11

5111 (‘ TllIllII l V . (“ I I ‘I II! I • 1 ,111 - I ‘ 1’I luRuOr 40 III’ 141 11

N I” F-Ill L I- I l O l l iII l IIT # ‘ 1 ci 1.1 - I l l - t i- I -( t O l l /001

~~

#~ U l ’ l l t F 1111101 10 I’,I I u II’l uu I II : 5 I,Rl’’4T t I Ll s “4 11 I I I ‘ 4 5 1 4 ’, 1 1 : 1 1 1 1 4 . 1 VII I

21 I~~A A l .1 11.1,1 (‘I 1111111 T I l I l l lr I s u ,uo ‘41 1 4 0 1 ” Ill -I-ui -VIII I

~

22 1’ ’,I IlIlll ’,li V I 1.0. 1 ll, I ‘4 I ,III ’s i I T b 1 — I I l I i l Il i V ’ ,I ‘40 1111 1

~~

u IS 14I- S T ruT . I IlI’.I I ’ *I’ ’s I I I I I - I l l I ( ’ ( - 1 :4 A f ’ 4 I I I ) . l ’ 4 l - aur 111 -1-1 - 4 4 4 1 , 1 1 1 1 I li- I -lIlt V

2! II S A l “T 1401 I S I l T ’ b 1 ’ . .111 0 & 111111 I

N Indicatec MSC Trade Route covered by this Rate Guide

26

— —— ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ J
~ -~~~~~~~---- ~~~~~~~~ --~~~~~~~~ —- - -
~~~~-~~~ - ~ -—

C o s t p o r \‘ eh i c l • C e n t r a l (7) ( 1 1 1 . 3 U) 30. L ’o = $ ~~i ) ’* . 35

\ S a t e r n i a n (7) ( 1 2 1 . 54 ± 30 . 2 5 - to.~ 1. 03
‘I’ r , t 1 1~ r 1 :a k — l 3 u l k C l : S t f o r .18 V e h i c l e s
C . - ~ ’t roi l ( 4 h ) (81 ) ’) . 3 5) 3K , 848 . hO
• \V i t c ’r m a n ( 4 8 ) ( 881. (33) 42 , 2 8 1 1 . 44

( .om m o d it ’ : R~t t e s w i t h o u t F a l s e De k i n g

Cost per Vehi cle . . . C e n t r a l ( 7 ) ( l i i . 30) $ 77 ~ - i~ 10

run in (7) ( 12 1 . 54) = 8 50 . 7 8
F o t a l l 3 r e ak — [ 3 I d k Ct>St fo r ~ 4 V e h i c l e s
C e n t r a i ( 4 ) ( 7 7 9 . 10) z 18 , 698 . 4 0
W a t e r m a n (2 4 ) (8 5 1I ~ 7K ) 24 , 4 18. 72

F r e i g ht All h.ii ~c1~ R a i c s

B a rge Capacity from Toibie 2

C en t r , l = 497. 5 M ’F O N
W at e r r n .’in = 490. 0 ~A ’i ON
Ra tes from Tabl e 3
C e n t r a l per \ITON = $ 85. -13
W a t e r n l a n per M T O N . 9 2 . 1( ~
C o s t f o r LASH Li g h t e r
C e n t r~~1 (4(17 5) (b 5 . -13) . = 42 , 5 0 1 . 4 2
W a t e r m a n (4 9 0 ) ( 9 2 . r I b ) . = 4 5 , 55 0. 4 1
• C o s t f o r False D e c k per V e hi c l e 30. 2 5
C o s t r e r V e h i c l e w it h F a l s e D e c k
C e n t r a l 42 , 1 . 42 ~ ( 4 8) + 3 0 . 2 5 = 915. 74
W a t e r m a n 4 5 , 55 0. -40 + ( 4 K ) + 3 0 . 2 5 = ) 22
~~7” ~
C o s t p e r V e h i c l e w i t h o u t F a l s e )eclo
C e n t r a l 42 , 5 ( 1 1. 42 ÷ ( 2 4 ) = 1 , 7 7r ) .
W a t e r ma n 45 , 5 5 0 . 4 0 (24) 1, ~~‘7. ‘4

It i s obvious from this examp le tha t the cheapest :~atc’ per \ ‘eloscle is th e
c on l m o d i t ’,o r a t e f or i r o t h shi pp i n g c o m p a n i e s w i t h o u t f a l s e d e c k i ng .

E x a m p le 2

T h e r e c j r t i r e m e n t is t o s h ip a S EA B E E b a r g e l oa d e l - l w i t n Mi 15 tr u ~ c - t r Ill - ‘r
t h e G u l f C o a s t tm E u r op e . F r o m t h e d i me n s i o n s t i s l ed in T a O ) - , 1 , t h e
r e d u ~ cd o n f i g ur a t i on of M7 15 t r o c k i e l ds 1 5. -4 MT ON . Fi g u t i e 1 5 sh o w s
a m a x im u i r l c al al i t y of 40 v e h i c le s p e r S E AB E N b a r g e s e i t h f a l se d c l k i:i ,t .
F o r t h i s ex, ~l i I l [J 1 e , t h e 1974 Baltim ore cost p e r V C I I I C 1 I ’ f o r I l ~~c d t . ~
- ,*. L s l~~5 ( ~ (J~
~~

27

— ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 ~~~~~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --- -— - - —~~ - - - ~~~~ . - -
—

Commodity Rates with False Decking

L y k e s B r o t h e r s S t e a m s h i p Co. per M T O N $ 51 1 . 00
C o s t f o r F a l s e D e c k in g p e r V e h i c l e 30 . 25
Cost per Vehicle ( 1 5 . 4 ) (50) + 3 0 . 2 5 - 8 1 111 .25

T o t a l B r e a k - B u l k f o r 40 V e h i c l e s 40 (800. 2 5 ) . . . 32 , 010 .00

C o m m o d i t y R a t e s w i t h o u t F a l s e D e c k i ng

Cost per Vehicle $ 7 7 U . 00

T o t a l B r e a k - B u l k f o r 20 V e h i c l e s = 15 , 4 0 0 . 00

F r e i g h t All K i n d s R a t e s w i t h F a l s e D e c k i n g

B a r g e C a p a c i t y f r o m Table 2
L ykes SEABEE B a r g e = MTON
1 11 ) 1)

R a t e s f r o m Tabl e 3 p e r MTON = S 19 . 00
T o t a l C o s t f o r S E A B EE B a r g e ( 9 0 0 ) ( 1 9 . 00) . . • •
= 17 , 100 . 00
C o s t of F a l s e Deck per V e h i c l e = 30. 2 5
Cost per Vehicle with False Decking
$17 , 100 ÷ 40 + 30 . 25 = 4 5 7 . 75
C o s t p e r V e h i c l e o~ i t h o u t F a l s e D e c k i n g
$17 , 100 .i- 20 = 855. 00

It is o b v i o u s f r o m t h i s e x am p le t h a t it is c h e a p e r t o s h i p b y t h e ‘ ‘f r e i g ht
all k i n d s ” r a t e w i t h f a l s e d e ck i n g . B e f o r e a d e c i s i o n is made to f al s e d e c k
a n y t y p e of b a r g e , c o m p l e t e c o s t c a l c u l a t i o n s m u s t be m a d e , and e a c h c a s e
s h o u l d be c o n s i d er e d on i t s own m e r i t s to d e t e r mi n e w h i c h r a t e r e s u l t s i n
t h e l o w e s t c o s t to the G o v e r n m e n t .

28

-
- -
~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ‘ . -~~~~~ -~~~- -- --‘ - -
_ ~~- .~~~~~~ - -~~~~~- “~~~~~ --- ‘-
- ‘- - - -
_
- ‘ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - -_ _- - - ~~~- - - . -

B I B L I O G R AP I IY

R e s o u r c e O r g a n i z a ti o n s

T h e P a l t i e r C o r p or a t i o n
170 1 K e n t u c ky S t r e e t
M i c h ig a n C i t y , IN 46360

In t e rl a k e , In c .
135th S t r e e t and P e r r y A v e n u e
C h i c a g o , IL 60627

RI D G -U - ~~~~K , INC.
P0 Box 150
N o r t h Ea s t , PA 16428

F r a z i e r I n d u s t r i al Company
L o n g V a l l e y , NJ 07853

T i e r - R a c k C o r p or a t i o n
706 C h e s t n u t S t r e e t
St. Louis , MO 63101

E Q UIP T O
225 South Hi g hland
A u r o r a , IL 6 0 507

R e p u b l i c Steel Co r p o r t a t i o n
S t o r a g e Sy s t e m Division
1315 A l b e r t S t r e e t
Y o u n g s t o wn , OH 44505

L e a r Sieg l e r , Inc .
B u r r o u g hs D i v i s i o n
300 Z N o r t h B u r d i c k S tr e e t
K a l a m a z o o, MI 49007

S t u r d i -B i lt
D i v i s i o n of UN A R C O I n d u s t r i e s, Inc.
3 3 2 South Michi ga n Ave nue
C h i c a g o , IL 60604

M a cG r e gor - C o m a r ai n ~ Inc.
135 D e rm o d y S t r e e t
C r a n f o r d , NJ 0 7 0 1 6

29

.,
- ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
 P u b l i ‘at i o n s

t’l’t’M l’ S P a m p h l e t 55—3 , Trans ~ ort a b i 1i ty Gu i d e l i : ie s b r -lilita ry Ca r 1~o

in LASFI Lig h t e r s and SEABEE ~~~~ ,&e s , 1 Oc t o b e r 19 7 2 .

-)‘i’M l’S Report 74—19 , An Aj~~)y is of Sintu l ~~ 1o~~~~n t u f th e U S A~~ )~

A ir m o b i l e D i v i s i o n, May 1974 .

TM 743-200—2 , Storag~~ Modernization .

TB 55— 46—1 , S t a n d a r d Characteristics f r T r a r i ~~ or ab t1 i i ~ ’ of MiU t a r y

V e h i c l e s and _O t h e r Ou t s lz e/ O v er w e ig ~~t~~~qy ip ~n e n t .

D e p a r t m e n t of the Navy , M i l it a r y Sealif I Conuna ad. Sii ’~~~ t ii ,~ A~~r€ ~eT’ro l1t ar l d
R a t e Guide, RG11. W a s h i n g t o n , DC : M i l i t a ry S c a l i f t ( ‘ ommand , 1 J u t e !Y ’, 6 .

FOR THE C0~~’4ANDER : -

,
OFFICIAL : -
~~
COLONEL ,
RETTI

STAFF
I- qLl ,LN D~~~~~~~~~~~~,)
SP E CIAL ASSIS IANT POR
I’ KAN S OLRi ’AT IO N ENGINEERING
~ _
~ --~~~~ -~~~~
‘
~~

DISTRIBUT ION

C o r nm o r r l ’i e r
lv l i li t a ry t r a f f i c \1~ ia e ut Con l1I , tnml
;\ i ’TN M I- S A
W a s h i n g t o n , DC 2031 S (20)

Commander
\1 i 1it~ r y T r a f f i c \io -i na ~~ ’n ~ e n t C o m m a n d
W e s t e r n t\ r e a
Oakland A r m y Base
O a k l a n d, CA ‘- ) 4 6 2 6 (10)

Corn m an d e r
M i l i t a ry T r a f f i c M a n a g e m en t C o m m a n d
E a s t e rn A r e a
B a y o n n e , N J 0 7 0 02 (10)

C o m m a n d er
M i l i t a ry T r a f f i c M a n a g e m e n t C om m a n d
Gulf O u t p o r t , E a s t e rn A r e a
44 30 D a up h i n e Str e et
N e w O r l e a n s , LA 7 0 1 4 6 (5)

L i a i so n Of f i c e r
M T M C Field Office - Europe
HQ C S CU C O M ( J 4 / 7 )
A P O New Y o r k 09128 (5)

Director
M i l i t a r y T r a f f i c M a n a g e m e n t Comm and
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n E ng i n e e r i n g 1\ g e n c y
P0 B o x 6276
Newport N e w s , VA 2 3 6 0 6 ~20)

Commander
M i l i tar y S e a l i f t C o m m a n d
W a o l ’ i n c t o n , DC 20390 (10)

Commandant
US A r n y ~~r a n sp o rt a t i on School
F o r t E u s t i s , VA 2 36 0- 1 (10 ’)

31

:L LL .LL ~~~~~~~~ !-‘

~
~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - .. -
~

Director
De v e l o p m e n t and R e a d i n e s s Command
Packaging, Sto ra ge and C o n t a i n e r i z a t i o n C e n t e r
Tob yhanna A r m y Depo t
Tob y hann a , PA 18466 (3)

HQ DA ( D A L O - T S M- S )
W a s h i ng t o n , DC 20310 (3 )

HQ DA ( D A LO - S M L )
W a s h i n gton , DC 20310 (3)

HQ DA ( D A LO - S M M-E )
W a s h i n gt on , DC 20310 (3)

Commander
US A r m y T r a i n i n g and D o c t r i n e Command
ATTN: ATCD-SP-L
F o r t Monroe , VA 23651 (3)

Commander
US A r m y Log i s t i c s Evaluation A gency
New Cumbe rland A r m y Depo t
A T T N : DA L O - L EI
N e w Cumberland , PA 17070 (3)

C o m m a n d e r in Chief
US A r m y Europe and Seventh A r m y
A T I N: A E A G D - T - M
APO New Y o r k 0 9 4 0 3 (2)

Commander
4th T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Bde
A T T N: A E U T R - MO V
APO New Y o r k 09451 (2)

Commander
MTMC Liaison Office - Pacific
FPO San F r a n c i s c o 96610 (5)

Commander
Baltimore Outport
Dundalk M a r i n e T e r m i n a l
B a l t i m o r e , MD 21222 (2)

32

-_ ‘ -- ‘ - - ‘ _
-
—~~~~~~~~~~ - -
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
~ --- —- -- — --- - -~~ ---- __ ~- - _ - ~~~ --~~~~~~~-
-

Commander
South A t l a n t i c Outport
N o r t h C h a r l e s t o n , SC 29406 (2)

Commander
Phila d el phia Outport
Gloceste r City, NJ 08030 (2)

Cornmander
Cape Kenned y Outport
P a t ri c k A F B , FL 32925 (2)

Commander
Beaumont De tachment
Beaumont , TX 77704 (2)

Commander
M obi l e De t a c h m e n t
Mobil e , AL 36601 (2)

Commander
P a c i f i c N o r t h w e s t Outpo rt
Pier 9 1
Seattl e , WA 98119 (2)

Commander
Southern C a l i f o r n i a O u t p o r t
Long Beach , C A 90813 ( 2)

Defense Documentation Center

C a m e r on Stat ion
A l e x a n d r i a, VA 22314 (12)

33 r)r) l -
~~~

- -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
— - - _ J
 r - ‘

~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
‘

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

UNCLASSIFIED _____________
SEC U R I T Y C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF T H I S A GlI (IThon 0.1. l~ ’~ BI
~
READ INST RUCTIONS
REP(’RT DOC”UBI EII~~ITATbI IO5 ~ PA C E I3EFORE COMPLETING } ORM
I, REPORT NUMBER 2. G O V T A C C E S S I O N NO 3 RECIPIENTS CATALOG N) M BER

M’f ~tC Rep ort TR 75—9 1 ______________________ _______

4 T I T L E ( 1 d SobIIlIc) 5 T Y P E OF R E P O R T & P E R I O D C O V E R E D

Stacking V ehicte.s in LASH and SEABEE Barges

F inal Report
P E R F O R M I N G ORO. R E P O R T N U M B E R

— —
7 AUT I ’ lO R(.~ S. CONTRACTOR GRANT N U M8 E R’ . )

- - V . C . Tay lor
9 PERFORMING O R G A N IZ A T I O N NAME AN D ADDRESS IO E HO G RA M ELEMENT . PRO E C T TA SK
A R E A & WOR K U N I T N U M B E R S

,
M i l i t a r y T r a f f i c M a n a g e m e n t Command
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Eng i n e e r i n g A g e n c y ; P0 Box 6276
Newpor t News. VA 23~ O6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

II C O N T R O L L I N G OFFICE NAME SlID A D D R E S S 2, R E P O R T DA TF

DaCember 1976
3 NUMB ER OF P A G E S
40
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17 DIST RIBUT ION S T A T E M E N T O~ lb. .b acI .nt. .d In St o ck 20 Il d ! ( f o , e c l Icon, Ro per,)

8 S U P P L EMEN T A R T N O T E S

1 9, K E Y W O R D S (Co,,Iino. on reo.ro. .150 ,f o~ o.eo cy and ldoc,IIIc by bloc k I,o,,,bec)

False Decking , LASH L ighters1 and SEABEE Barges for Movement of Military
Vehicles.

20. ABSTRACT (ConHnu. an r.c.,~. old. It n.cee..ey ~ ,d identi ty by block ,,Imb.c)

This stud y was predicated upon the assumption that shi pp ing Cost for mil itar y
cargo moving by sea barge is rate negotiated instead of being based on
measurement ton. When rates are negotiated , the situation becomes
economicall y advantageous for the military to maximize space utilization of
th e barge. Thus , a stud y was made to determine the feasibility of m uit t lave r
stacking vehicles for shi pment In LASH light ers and SEABEE barges.

DD , ~2~ ” OO 1473 ED ITION OF I N O V A S IS O B S O L E T E

UNCLASSIFIED
SEC URITY C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF TIll S PA G E 1,an O.r. FcIc ~ e,iI

_
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 r _ _

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-

~~~~~~ ~~~~~
- - - - .—-

SECURITY CLA SSI FICAT IC.. - F T H I S PA GE(I+?1 , 0.

1 .I
Ir,lo,.,i 1

.. O r TIll S P . 5 t ( W b* n fl•t0

.- - - -- - - -‘ --

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 UNCLASSIFIED
S E C U R I T Y C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF T H I S P A G E (Wk.n Dma Ent.r.d)

b pt ’OT 1 Ch1U E u T A T R EAD IN STRUCTIONS

-
~~ “ ~~~ 1 ~~~~ I
~~~ IS.’ 1 o A r ~~
It S I ~~~~
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
-

I
S. ø f P O R Tj~~~~~~-1e- 2 . GOVT ACCESSION NO. 30 I PI E NT S C A T A L O G N.IMB ER
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~E.~~ ~

“ _________________________
~ - 4.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~ —_—--_ — _______

Ti1~LE (.,dSobtItb.) -- — ._.,tl ~BE~~ ~~~~ S T I iIB- O C O V E R E D

~~ ~
Stacking Vehicles in LASH and SEABEE Barges . ‘

Final Re t,
NUN SC I

I
4 . . R6. ,PO T

~~~~~ ~~ ~~
—
7. A UTHOR(.) 8. CONT R t R A RT SUMBE R(.)

V.

9. PERFOR MING O R G A N I Z A T I O N NAM E AND ADDRESS 10. P R O G R A M ELEMENT . P R OJ E C T TA SK

AREA A WORK UNIT N U M B E R S

,
.
-

Military Traffic Management Command

Transportation Engineering Agency; P0 Box 6276
Newport News, VA 23606 -_ __________________________
-
II . C O N T R O L L I N G O F F I C E N A M E AND A D D R E S S -
~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

DecB ~~~GP PAG r 1.976

4 W.— l8*J$WE ~ ~~~
40
TN M O N I T O R I N G A GENCY NAME & AOO RESS(IE djff.ro.,I from ControIIrn ~ 01(10.) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (ol 151. re por t )

—~~~, ~
‘ UNCLASSIFIED

/
/•
/ -
IS.. D E C L A S S I F I C A T I O N .’ D O W N G R A G I N G
SC H E D U L E

—
16. D I S T R I B U T I O N S T A T E M E N T (of tAb . R.p.;b,

Approved for public release: distribution unlimited .

17. DI S T R I B U T I O N S T A T E M E N T (of lb . •b.lcac I .&.rod In Bloc k 20 . If dItf.,c.o,l Iron, Report)

lB . S U P P L E M E N T A R Y N O T E S

19. K E Y WORDS (Co nll no. on r.o.t.c .ld, II n.c. n.mp .1d Idel,Uly by b l o ck noo,b,r)

False Deck ing , LASH L ig hters,and SEABEE Barges for Movement of Military
Veh icles.

20 A B S TR A C T (C0I,tTho.. on roe.,., olds It n.n....y .15 Id.nlI( y by block nl.1b.e)

A .4
This study was predicated upon the assumption that shipp ing cost for military
cargo moving by sea barge is rate negotiated instead of being based on
measurement ton. When rates are negotiated , the situation becomes
economically advantageous for the military to maximize space utilization of
the barge. Thus , a stud y was made to determine the feasibility of mu ltilayer
stacking vehicles for shipment in LASH lighters and SEABEE barges. _ .
~

DO .
‘
, 1473 EO I T ION OF 1 NOV 4 9 (S OBSO L ETE
UNCLASSIFIED —

SECU RITY C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF THIS P A G E (WI.. ,, D.I. EnI• •d)

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SECU RITY CLASSIFICATION OF TH IS PAGE(WA.1 Dm. ,San.d)

SECURIT Y C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF THIS PAGE(Whm ’ bm. E.,Ian.d)

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