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#IYL2015

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#IYL2015

www.sll.org.uk
All SLL publications are available in PDF free to
members via the:
CIBSE Knowledge Portal.

www.sll.org.uk
Lighting Research & Technology
(LR&T) is SLL’s world renowned
international lighting journal
containing refereed papers on all
aspects of lighting research and
technology.

8 editions/year from 2015

Free online access to SLL

members – find out more at
www.sll.org.uk

www.sll.org.uk
 Ready Steady Light

Ready Steady Light teams to compete to design an exterior lighting scheme in

just 180 minutes given a range of equipment. The teams compete for three
different prizes: Most Creative Effect, Best Technical Solution and the Peer Prize.

www.sll.org.uk
 Ready Steady Light

Ready Steady Light teams to compete to design an exterior lighting scheme in

just 180 minutes given a range of equipment. The teams compete for three
different prizes: Most Creative Effect, Best Technical Solution and the Peer Prize.

www.sll.org.uk
 Ready Steady Light

Ready Steady Light teams to compete to design an exterior lighting scheme in

just 180 minutes given a range of equipment. The teams compete for three
different prizes: Most Creative Effect, Best Technical Solution and the Peer Prize.

www.sll.org.uk
 Ready Steady Light

Ready Steady Light teams to compete to design an exterior lighting scheme in

just 180 minutes given a range of equipment. The teams compete for three
different prizes: Most Creative Effect, Best Technical Solution and the Peer Prize.

www.sll.org.uk
SLL Masterclasses are Supported by:

www.sll.org.uk
 Sustaining Members

For information about SLL and joining please visit www.sll.org.uk,

alternatively please contact sll@cibse.org.
Lighting for Communal
Residential Buildings (LG9)
Richard Caple MSc MSLL
Lighting Applications Manager
Vice President - Society of Light & Lighting
• Introduction

• Specific areas – in detail

• Equipment

• Case studies

• Emergency lighting
Introduction
Introduction

2013
Introduction

What LG9 covers:-

• University halls of residence

• Hostels
• Children's homes
• Residential homes
• Social housing
• Elderly/nursing homes
• Hospices
• Staff accommodation

What LG9 does not cover:-

• Barracks
• Secure accommodation
• Hotels/bed and breakfast
establishments
Introduction

• Daylight

• Best practice for good illumination and pleasant

ambience

• Automatic lighting controls

• Colour and decoration

• Emergency lighting

• Energy management and efficiency

• Maintenance and life costs

• Luminaire types and lamps

Introduction

• Co-ordination of lighting and colours

essential

• Contrasting colours help identify areas

in large blocks and on multiple floors

• Use of colour can help visually impaired

people

• LG11 gives guidance on surface

reflectance and colours
Specific areas in detail

• Entrances

• Corridors

• Stairwells

• Bathrooms and toilets

• Bedrooms

• Kitchens

• External lighting
Specific areas in detail - entrances

Tech Table

200 Lux

• First impression of the building

• Transition from outdoors to building

• Vertical illumination important for facial

recognition

• Consider less institutional products with

good ceiling and wall illumination

• Consideration of indirect luminaires

• Consider automatic controls

Specific areas in detail - corridors

Tech Table
• Many corridors have little natural light
Day 100 Lux
Night 20 Lux • Care to be taken to avoid glare

• Spacing and location of luminaires

• Vertical illumination important for facial recognition

• Downlighters can offer a poor solution

• Consider less institutional products with good ceiling and

wall illumination
Specific areas in detail - corridors

Tech Table

Day 100 Lux • Diffused lighting preferred to minimise glare

Night 20 Lux
• Automated controls require good detection to cover all
doorways

• Dimmed level for periods of vacancy down to 20%

recommended
Specific areas in detail - stairwells

Tech Table

100 Lux

• Lighting on stairs is critical for safety

• Glare from lighting and windows should be

kept to a minimum

• Opal or diffused luminaires preferable

• Light to shine downwards and illuminate

treads

• Consider controls but areas should not be left

in complete darkness – push button type
systems not recommended
Specific areas in detail - stairwells

Tech Table

100 Lux Beware of dark

spots and shadows
Specific areas in detail - stairwells

Tech Table
• Alternative lighting positions can reduce luminaire
points
100 Lux

• Half balconies easier to maintain than directly over

stairs

Standard Emergency
Specific areas in detail - bathrooms and toilets

Tech Table

Toilets 100 Lux

Bathrooms 150 Lux

• Correct selection of luminaires within

bathroom and toilet areas – IP ratings

• Controls provide significant savings,

particularly for communal toilets

• LED luminaires with instant light

advantageous

• Rooms over 8m² require emergency

lighting
Specific areas in detail - bathrooms and toilets

Tech Table

Toilets 100 Lux

Bathrooms 150 Lux

• Minimum two luminaires in bathroom areas

• Night lighting advisable – in particular for

elderly residents

• Higher lighting levels for specialised

applications

• Good colour rendering

Specific areas in detail - bedrooms

Tech Table

Room 100 Lux

Bedhead 100 Lux
Desk 150 Lux

• Careful consideration of domestic

style luminaires

• Consider indirect light as well as

direct

• Décor can strongly effect illuminance

levels

• Good colour rendering

• Anti ligature luminaires required in

specialist applications
Specific areas in detail - bedrooms

Tech Table

Room 100 Lux

Bedhead 100 Lux
Desk 150 Lux

• Desks are best illuminated by a desk

lamp

• Additional lighting should be

provided at the bedhead – separate
switching

• Consider lighting within the wardrobe

– push button time delays
Specific areas in detail - kitchens

Tech Table

Kitchen 200 Lux

Dinning 150 Lux

• Low glare uniform lighting

• Good colour rendering

• Easy clean luminaires

• Consider positioning, avoid shadowing through

multiple luminaires and where possible under-
cupboard lighting

• Automatic lighting recommended, absence

detection
Specific areas in detail - external

Tech Table

Pathways 10 Lux
Car parks 10 Lux

• Basic safety and security for

residents, staff and visitors

• Care homes 20-30lux with

transition zones between interior
and exterior areas

• Lighting of keyholes, bell push,

keypads and lists of residents
required

• Consideration of automatic lighting

controls
Specific areas in detail - external

Tech Table

Covered walkways
20 - 50 Lux

• Care to be taken to avoid glare

• Spacing and location of

luminaires

• Vertical illumination important

for facial recognition

• Consider automatic controls

Equipment
Equipment
Equipment

Some Lamps are better than others:

Typical Life 15,000hrs Typical Life 20,000hrs

T12 Up to 69lm/W Mercury Up to 50lm/W

T8 Typical Life 20,000hrs

Up to 90lm/W
Typical Life 28,000hrs
SON-T Up to 123lm/W

T5 High Output Typical Life 25,000hrs

Up to 114lm/W
T5 High Efficiency
T5 ECO Typical Life 18,000hrs
MBI-T Up to 110lm/W

Typical Life 13,000hrs

Compact Fluorescent Up to 74lm/W

Typical Life 400-2,000hrs

GLS Up to 10lm/W
Typical Life 12,000hrs
2D Lamps Up to 80lm/W

* All lamp life figures based on High Frequency control gear and to 50% failures
Equipment

LEDs

Medium power LEDs - approx. 180 lm/W

High power LEDs - approx. 140 lm/W

Equipment

LEDs

Medium power LEDs - 150 LL/cW High power LEDs - 110 LL/cW
Equipment

LEDs
1990’s 2000’s 2012 2015

Wattage 2x58W 2x35W T5 58W LED 58W LED

Luminaire Lumens 6344lm 5742lm 6100lm 8067lm

Circuit Wattage 110W 76W 67W 67W

Efficacy (LL/cW) 57.7 75.5 91 120

110% Increase in
performance!
Equipment

LEDs CRI

100

80Ra – 90Ra

80

60

40
Equipment
Equipment

Downlighting – corridor

Lighting requirements:-
100lx ave, 0.40 Uo

42W PL-T
Downlight

Eav = 106lx (0.62MF*) Uo = 0.76

32W LED
Downlight

Eav = 103lx (0.68MF*) Uo = 0.62

*Based on 1 year luminaire clean, 3 year room clean and 3 year lamp change
Equipment

Luminaire Qty Circuit Total Annual Running Total Maintenance 10 Year Life
Wattage Circuit Power Cost per Luminaire Costs Cycle Cost
Watts (kW) Consumption (kW) annum Cost

42W PL-T 5 47 0.235 0.705 £70.50 £560.00 £535.00 £1,800.00

32W LED 4 37 0.148 0.444 £44.40 £640.00 £0 £1,084.00

Saving £716.00

Payback 1.00 Yrs

*Based on 3000 burning hours per annum and 10 pence per kW/hr Electricity tariff
Equipment

Exterior Lighting – Car Park

Lighting requirements:-
Medium traffic - 10lx ave, 0.25 Uo

70W MBI Lantern 31W LED Lantern

Eav = 11lx (0.46MF*) Uo = 0.39 Eav = 13lx (0.63MF*) Uo = 0.52

*Based on 2 year cleaning and bulk lamp change

Equipment

Exterior Lighting – Car Park

Luminaire Qty Circuit Total Annual Running Total Maintenance 10 Year Life
Wattage Circuit Power Cost per Luminaire Costs Cycle Cost
Watts (kW) Consumption (kW) annum Cost

70W MBI 12 86 1.03 3.921 £392.16 £1,200.00 £5,460.00 £10,581.60

31W LED 12 34 0.40 1.550 £155.04 £3,000.00 £0 £4,550.40

Saving £6,031.20

Payback 2.3 Yrs

*Based on 3800 burning hours per annum and 10 pence per kW/hr Electricity tariff
Equipment

Do ensure luminaire suitability!

Equipment
Equipment

• Performance (optical)

• Performance (energy)

• Robustness

• Aesthetics

• Cost

• IP rating

• IK rating
Equipment

It is not the ‘lamp’ wattage but the total circuit wattage that is important!
Equipment
Equipment

• The most efficient luminaire is one that is

switched off!

• Basic photocell control switches the luminaire

off during the day

• PIR’s switch when activity is detected through

Infra-red detection

• Microwave detectors simple and cost

effective, can be issues with false triggering
and nuisance switching through vibration and
noise

• Smart controls are the most complete lighting

control system, they combine PIR detection
with light a light sensor, and are fully
programmable
Equipment

• Energy savings through switching

• Systems should be simple and

intuitive

• Ensure detection patterns cover all

eventualities and entry points

• Absence / presence detection

options

• Never leave critical areas in

darkness
Equipment

GOOD COVERAGE INDIVIDUAL LUMINAIRE DETECTION

Plan view
Equipment
Equipment

• Buildings should be designed to

maximise daylight contributions

• Typical daylight sensor savings 40-

60%

• Individual dimming offers the best

energy savings

• Luminaires away from windows can

still make significant savings
through maintained illuminance and
EXPLOITING DAYLIGHT internal reflections
Case Study

Data logging

• In many cases clients do not realise

energy usage and wastage

• Before and after data logging

provides excellent evidence of
power use
Case Study - University

• Corridor & stairwells in halls of

residence

• Mainly 28W 2D switch start & 26W TC-

T HF

• Never switched off

Case Study - University

• Trial Installation
– 19W LED + Intelligent controls
– 33% reduction in load of a typical
luminaire

• Power Monitoring Exercise

– 1 week in January
– Luminaires on for 6 hours/day, not 24
– Whilst on, average output = 30%

Electricity cost reduced from £26.9K to

£3K!
Case Study - Social Housing

• Social Housing – 24/7

operation

• Intelligent controls
integral to LED
luminaires (Internal and
external versions)

• Used on stairwells,
balconies, and lift
lobbies

• External version used

by doorways, open
balconies
Case Study - Social Housing

• Actual data downloaded from intelligent luminaires

• 7 luminaires installed within housing corridor

Luminaire 1 Luminaire 2 Luminaire 3 Luminaire 4 Luminaire 5 Luminaire 6 Luminaire 7

R-Hours Powered 321 321 321 322 321 322 321

R-Hours Lamp On 94 116 26 30 91 20 36

PIR Saving 71% 64% 92% 91% 72% 94% 89%

DSI Average 34 53 39 33 32 36 24

Average Power 42% 58% 46% 41% 40% 44% 33%

Dimming Saving 58% 42% 54% 59% 60% 56% 68%

Total saving 88% 79% 96% 96% 89% 97% 96%

Average Saving 92%

Emergency lighting

Open areas 0.5lux minimum

Escape routes 1.0lux minimum / centre line

Emergency lighting

• Escape route signs

• Stairs so that each flight receives direct light
• Changes in level
• Changes of escape route direction
• Corridor intersections
• Fire alarm call points or pieces of fire fighting
equipment
• External areas in the immediate vicinity of final exits
• Toilet facilities exceeding 8m² or any multiple closet
facility without borrowed light
• Toilet facilities for disabled use
• Motor generator, control and plant rooms
• All other areas as deemed by the Risk Assessment
Emergency lighting

Escape route lighting

Minimum 2 luminaires per ‘compartment’ – BSEN50172

Emergency lighting

Escape route lighting

Emergency duration must be 3 hours

Emergency lighting

Inspection & testing

• Daily

• Central battery cabinets only

• Visual inspection to ensure the system is in a ready condition

• Monthly

• Short duration test

• To ensure that all emergency luminaires illuminate correctly (lamps and batteries are working)

• Annually

• Full duration test

• To ensure that all emergency luminaires illuminate correctly and fully achieve duration required (3 hours)
Emergency lighting

Inspection & testing