Non Sibi Sed Omnibus

TRIANGLES OF ANATOMY
outline
I. Triangles of the Neck
Anterior Triangle II. Triangles of the Back
• Digastric/Submandibular Triangle • Triangle of Auscultation
• Submental Triangle • Lumbar Triangle of Petit
• Carotid Triangle • Grynfeltt-Lesshaft Triangle
• Muscular Triangle III. Triangle of Calot
Posterior Triangle IV. Femoral Triangle
• Occipital Triangle V. Hesselbach’s Triangle
• Subclavian Triangle VI. Passaro’s Triangle

i. triangles of the neck

 ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK

SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE CAROTID TRIANGLE

BOUNDARIES:
Also known as Digastric triangle ü Superior belly of omohyoid
BOUNDARIES: ü Posterior belly of digastric muscle
ü Anterior belly of Digastric muscle ü Anterior border of SCM
ü Hyoid bone
ü Floor- Mylohyoid CAROTID PULSE- Bifurcation of the Common
Carotid artery into the Internal and External
Carotid arteries can easily be palpated just beneath
SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE the anterior border of SCM and the level of the
SUPERIOR border of the thyroid cartilage

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE









BOUNDARIES:
ü Anterior and Posterior belly of Digastric
muscle
ü Inferior border of mandible BOUNDARIES:
ü Superior belly of omohyoid
ü Midline of the neck
ü Anterior border of SCM
CONTENTS:
Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid
Visceral organs- thyroid, parathyroid, larynx


 posterior TRIANGLE OF THE NECK

OCCIPITAL TRIANGLE SUBCLAVIAN TRIANGLE











• Apex contains portion of occipital bone • Also known as Supraclavicular Triangle
• Occipital artery is found in superior part • Crossed by external jugular vein and subclavian
• Accessory nerve crosses the triangle artery

ACCESSORY NERVE LESIONS- may result in BOUNDARIES:
weakness of the Trapezius muscle, patient may ü Inferior belly of omohyoid
have difficulty in elevating the scapula/shrugging ü Sternocleidomastoid
the shoulder and difficulty in laterally rotating the ü Middle third of clavicle
scapula during abduction of the arm

BOUNDARIES:
ü Inferior belly of omohyoid
ü Stenocleidomastoid
ü Trapezius



Submental triangle mnemonic:
"CHIN"
C: Chin is the apex
H: Hyoid bone is the base
IN: In between digastrics (Sides)
Digastric triangle mnemonic:
"MANDible"
M: Mastoid and mandible is base.
A: Anterior
N: N (And) posterior belly of
D: Digastric
Carotid triangle mnemonic:
"SO PDFS"
SO: Superior belly of Omohyoid
PD: Posterior belly of Digastric
FS: Front of Sternocleidomastoid
Muscular triangle mnemonic:
"MuSCular"
M: Median line of the neck
S: Superior belly of omohyoid
SC: Sternocleidomastoid
 ii. triangles of the back


TRIANGLE OF AUSCULTATION

BOUNDARIES:
ü Latissimus dorsi
ü Trapezius
ü Medial border of scapula

Significance: site where breath sounds are best
heard



LUMBAR TRIANGLE OF PETIT

BOUNDARIES:
ü Lateral: External oblique muscle
ü Medial: Latissimus dorsi
ü Inferior: Iliac crest

Significance: site of Lumba hernia





GRYNFELTT-LESSHAFT TRIANGLE

• Also known as Superior Lumbar Triangle
• One of the locations of lumbar hernia

BOUNDARIES:
Quadratus lumborum muscle: medially
12th rib: superiorly
internal oblique muscle: laterally
Transversalis fascia: floor
External abdominal oblique muscle: roof

MNEMONICS TIME!!!
Posterior triangle -

Occipital triangle mnemonic:
"OCcipital Triangle"
O: Omohyoid

C: sternoCleidomastoid
T: Trapezius
Supraclavicular triangle mnemonic:
"SupraClavicular-o!"
S: Sternocleidomastoid

C: Clavicle
O: Omohyoid

TRIANGLE OF CALLOT

Also known as Cystohepatic Triangle
BOUNDARIES:
ü Inferior border of the Liver- superior
ü Cystic duct- inferior
ü Common hepatic duct- medial


FEMORAL TRIANGLE

BOUNDARIES:
ü Inguinal Ligament- superior
ü Adductor Longus- medial
ü Sartorius- lateral
ü Adductor longus, Pectineus and
Iliopsoas- floor

CONTENTS OF FEMORAL TRIANGLE
NAVEL
ü Femoral Nerve and its branches
ü Femoral sheath and its contents
ü Femoral Artery and its branches
ü Femoral Vein and its branches


HESSELBACH’S TRIANGLE

Also known as Inguinal Triangle
BOUNDARIES:
ü Inferior Epigastric Artery- superior and
lateral
ü Inguinal ligament/Poupart ligament-
inferior and lateral
ü Rectus Abdominis- medial



PASSARO’S TRIANGLE

90% of gastrinomas
BOUNDARIES:
ü Junction of Cystic duct and Common Bile Duct
ü Junction of 2nd and 3rd parts of the
Duodenum
ü Junction of Head and Neck of the Pancreas



 sample questions from topnotch superexam and samplex
ii. triangles of the
back
As a surgeon who will perform a laparoscopic Surgical procedures at the digastric triangle could possibly
cholecystectomy, you must know the boundaries of the injure the following nerves, except:
triangle of Calot which consists of:
 A. vagus nerve
A. Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, inferior border of the B. spinal accessory nerve
liver C. hypoglossal nerve
B. Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, common bile duct 
 D. glossopharyngeal nerve
C. Common bile duct, common hepatic duct, inferior margin
of the liver
 Which of the following structures protects an abdominal
D. Cystic duct, common bile duct, inferior border of the viscus from herniation into the inguinal triangle?
liver
E. Cystic duct, common hepatic artery, inferior border of A. inguinal ligament
the liver B. conjoint tendon
C. rectus abdominis muscle
The accessory nerve crosses this triangle of the neck: D. lacunar ligament
A. submental

B. submandibular
 The triangle of Calot is used to identify the:
C. carotid A. hepatic artery proper
D. muscular B. bile duct
E. occipital C. cystic duct
D. cystic artery

The triangle of Calot:

The following is a subdivision of the posterior triangle of the
A. contains the cystic duct

neck
B. is bounded by the liver laterally

A. Digastric
C. is bounded by the cystic artery inferiorly
 B. Submental
D. is bounded by the common hepatic duct medially C. Subclavian
D. Carotid
The muscles that form the superior boundary of the carotid
triangle:
 Content of the carotid triangle of the neck
A. Posterior belly of digastric
 A. hypoglossal nerve
B. Superior belly of omohyoid B. anterior belly of digastrics
C. Sternocleidomastoid C. sternothyroid
D. Trapezius D. inferior belly of omohyoid

Direct inguinal hernias are found within the Hesselbach's Most medially located structure in the femoral triangle
triangle. The posterior wall of this triangle where hernias A. femoral artery
protrude is: B. femoral nerve
A. Inguinal ligament 
 C. femoral lymph vessels
B. External oblique aponeurosis 
 D. femoral vein
C. Transversus abdominis aponeurosis 

D. Internal oblique aponeurosis 
 Choose the CORRECT statement about the Hesselbach’s
E. Transversalis fascia 
 triangle.
A. It is the site of indirect inguinal hernia.
The following are boundaries of the site where breath sounds B. The lateral boundary is formed by the inferior epigastric
are best heard except: vessels.
A. Latissimus dorsi 
 C. It transmits the spermatic cord.
B. Trapezius 
 D. It is found below the inguinal ligament.
C. Medial border of scapula 

D. External oblique muscle 
 § Read at your own risk!
E. None of the above 
 § Content of this transcription is based

Forms the floor of both the submental and the digastric
mostly on the Topnotch 2017 reviewer
triangle: § #RoadToLisensyadongLasalyanongManggagamot
A. hyoglossus § If you have suggestions for the next reviewer
B. thyrohyoid topic, feel free to suggest it to us. J
C. mylohyoid § Happy studying! #GetThatMD
D. geniohyoid