1.

Introduction popular with people just starting out with

To demonstrate the ease with which you can electronics, and for good reason. Unlike
control an Arduino project using a C# most previous programmable circuit boards,
Application running on your computer, we the Arduino does not need a separate piece
will be equipping this project with the of hardware (called a programmer) in order
ability to receive commands from the to load new code onto the board – you can
application to control its IO pins to perform simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
actions like turning on or off an LED, Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of
displaying information on an LCD amongst C++, making it easier to learn to program.
others. The main ingredient which makes Finally, Arduino provides a standard form
communication between the Arduino and factor that breaks out the functions of the
the c# software we will be building possible micro-controller into a more accessible
is the Serial communication protocol. package.
Applications and programs (including the
Arduino IDE) running on a computer are
able to interact with the Arduino due to the
presence of the onboard USB to Serial
converter (FTDI chip) on the Arduino. So
whenever a command is sent from the C#
program either via the click of a button or
any other action on the GUI, the C#
program sends the corresponding
instruction to the Arduino via a previously
established serial communication port. The
Arduino receives the command and takes
the related action.

2. Components Required
The following components are required to
build this project:
• Arduino Uno
• LCD 16x2 Display
• Light Emitting Diode
• Resistor
• Wires
• Bread Board

3. Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open-source platform used for
building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable
circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write The Arduino hardware and software was
and upload computer code to the physical designed for artists, designers, hobbyists,
board. hackers, newbies, and anyone interested in
The Arduino platform has become quite creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs,
motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the
internet, and even your smart-phone or your
TV! This flexibility combined with the fact
that the Arduino software is free, the hardware
boards are pretty cheap, and both the software
and hardware are easy to learn
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything
needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started. The Uno differs from all
preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it
features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial
converter.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0.
The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference
versions of Arduino, moving forward. The
Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino
boards
Power
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the
USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected
automatically. External (non-USB) power
can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter
(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be
connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-
positive plug into the board's power jack.
Leads from a battery can be inserted in the
Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER
connector. The board can operate on an
external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied
with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may
supply less than five volts and the board
may be unstable. If using more than 12V,
the voltage regulator may overheat and
damage the board. The recommended range
is 7 to 12 volts.
The power pins are as follows:
• VIN. The input voltage to the
Arduino board when it's using an
external power source (as opposed to
5 volts from the USB connection or
other regulated power source). You
can supply voltage through this pin,
or, if supplying voltage via the power
jack, access it through this pin.
• 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V
from the regulator on the board. The
board can be supplied with power
either from the DC power jack (7 -
12V), the USB connector (5V), or
the VIN pin of the board (7-12V).
Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V
pins bypasses the regulator, and can
damage your board. We don't advise
it
• 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by
the on-board regulator. Maximum
current draw is 50 mA.
• GND. Ground pins.
Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB
used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can
be read and written with the EEPROM
library).
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be
used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.
They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide
or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an
internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by
default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some
pins have specialized functions:
• Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to
receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL
serial data. These pins are connected
to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial
chip.
• External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These
 pins can be configured to trigger an
interrupt on a low value, a rising or
falling edge, or a change in value. See
the attachInterrupt() function for
details.
• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide
8-bit PWM output with the
analogWrite() function.
• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO),
13 (SCK). These pins support SPI
communication using the SPI library.
• LED: 13. There is a built-in LED
connected to digital pin 13. When the
pin is HIGH value, the LED is on,
when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0
through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By
default they measure from ground to 5 volts,
though is it possible to change the upper end
of their range using the AREF pin and the
analogReference() function.
Additionally, some pins have specialized
functionality:
• TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL
pin. Support TWI communication
using the Wire library
• AREF. Reference voltage for the
analog inputs. Used with
analogReference().
• Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset
the microcontroller. Typically used to
add a reset button to shields which
block the one on the board.
Communication
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities
for communicating with a computer, another
Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The
ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication, which is available on digital
pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this
serial communication over USB and appears
as a virtual com port to software on the
computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the
standard USB COM drivers, and no external
driver is needed. However, on Windows, a
.inf file is required.
The Arduino software includes a serial
monitor which allows simple textual data to
be sent to and from the Arduino board. The
RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash
when data is being transmitted via the USB-
to-serial chip and USB connection to the
computer (but not for serial communication
on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial
communication on any of the Uno's digital
pins. The ATmega328 also supports I2C
(TWI) and SPI communication. The
Arduino software includes a Wire library to
simplify use of the I2C bus; see the
documentation for details. For SPI
communication, use the SPI library.
Programming
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with
the Arduino software (download). Select
"Arduino Uno from the Tools > Board menu
(according to the microcontroller on your
board). For details, see the reference and
tutorials.
The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes
preburned with a bootloader that allows you
to upload new code to it without the use of
an external hardware programmer. It
communicates using the original STK500
protocol (reference, C header files). You can
also bypass the bootloader and program the
microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit
Serial Programming) header.
The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and
rev2 boards) firmware source code is
available . The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded
with a DFU bootloader, which can be
activated by:
• On Rev1 boards: connecting the
solder jumper on the back of the
board (near the map of Italy) and then
resetting the 8U2.
• On Rev2 or later boards: there is a
resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2
HWB line to ground, making it easier
to put into DFU mode.
Automatic (Software) Reset
Rather than requiring a physical press of the
reset button before an upload, the Arduino
Uno is designed in a way that allows it to be
reset by software running on a connected
computer. One of the hardware flow control
lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is
connected to the reset line of the ATmega328
via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line
is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops
long enough to reset the chip.
The Arduino software uses this capability to
allow you to upload code by simply pressing
the upload button in the Arduino
environment. This means that the bootloader
can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering
of DTR can be well-coordinated with the
start of the upload. This setup has other
implications. When the Uno is connected to
either a computer running Mac OS X or
Linux, it resets each time a connection is
made to it from software (via USB). For the
following halfsecond or so, the bootloader is
running on the Uno.
While it is programmed to ignore
malformed data (i.e. anything besides an
upload of new code), it will intercept the first
few bytes of data sent to the board after a
connection is opened. If a sketch running on
the board receives one-time configuration or
other data when it first starts, make sure that
the software with which it communicates
waits a second after opening the connection
and before sending this data.
The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to
disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side
of the trace can be soldered together to re-
enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may
also be able to disable the auto-reset by
connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the
reset line; see this forum thread for details.
USB Overcurrent Protection
The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse
that protects your computer's USB ports
from shorts and overcurrent. Although most
computers provide their own internal
protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of
protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to
the USB port, the fuse will automatically
break the connection until the short or
overload is removed.
Physical Characteristics
The maximum length and width of the Uno
PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with
the USB connector and power jack extending
beyond the former dimension. Four screw
holes allow the board to be attached to a
surface or case. Note that the distance
between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil
(0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil
spacing of the other pins.
ATMEGA 328 :
Features
• High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-
Bit Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture – 131
Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock
Cycle Execution – 32 x 8 General
Purpose Working Registers – Fully Static
Operation – Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20
MHz – On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory
Segments
– 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System
Self-Programmable Flash progam memory
(ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
– 256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM
(ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
– 512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SR
AM (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000
Flash/100,000 EEPROM – Data retention: 20
years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with
Independent Lock Bits In-System
Programming by On-chip Boot Program True
Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software
Security
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with
Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with
Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and
Capture Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate
Oscillator
– Six PWM Channels
– 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and
QFN/MLF package Temperature
Measurement Block Diagram
– 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP
Package Temperature Measurement
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface
(Philips I2 C compatible)
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with
Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin
Change
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable
Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt
Sources
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise
Reduction, Power-save, Power-down,
Standby, and Extended Standby
• I/O and Packages
– 23 Programmable I/O Lines
– 28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad
QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF The AVR core combines a rich instruction
• Operating Voltage: – 1.8 - 5.5V set with 32 general purpose working
• Temperature Range: – -40°C to 85°C registers. All the 32 registers are directly
Speed Grade: – 0 - 20 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Low Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 1.8V, (ALU), allowing two independent registers
25°C for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P: to be accessed in one single instruction
– Active Mode: 0.2 Ma executed in one clock cycle. The resulting
– Power-down Mode: 0.1 µA architecture is more code efficient while
– Power-save Mode: 0.75 µA (Including achieving throughputs up to ten times
32 kHz RTC) faster than conventional CISC
– microcontrollers.
The ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P
provides the following features:
4/8/16/32K bytes of InSystem
Programmable Flash with Read-While-
Write capabilities, 256/512/512/1K bytes
EEPROM, 512/1K/1K/2K bytes SRAM,
23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible
Timer/Counters with compare modes,
internal and external interrupts, a serial
programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-
wire Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a
6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in
TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a
programmable Watchdog Timer with
internal Oscillator, and five software
selectable power saving modes. The Idle
mode stops the CPU while allowing the
SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire
Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt
system to continue functioning. The
Power-down mode saves the register
contents but freezes the Oscillator,
disabling all other chip functions until the
next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-
save mode, the asynchronous timer
continues to run, allowing the user to
maintain a timer base while the rest of the
device is sleeping. The ADC Noise
Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O
modules except asynchronous timer and
ADC, to minimize switching noise during
ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the
crystal/resonator Oscillator is running
while the rest of the device is sleeping.
This allows very fast start-up combined
with low power consumption.
Technical Specification
·Microcontroller- Atmega328
·Operating Voltage- 5V
·Input Voltage (recommended) 7-
12V
·Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
·Digital I/O Pins- 14 (of which 6
provide PWM output)
·Analog Input Pins- 6
·DC Current per I/O Pin- 40 mA
·DC Current for 3.3V Pin- 50 mA
·Flash Memory- 32 KB
(ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by
bootloader
·SRAM- 2 KB (ATmega328)
·EEPROM- 1 KB (Atmega328)
·Clock Speed- 16 MHz
4. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Liquid crystal display screen is the
electronic display module and find a wide
ranges of applications. A 16*2 LCD display
is very basic module and it is very
commonly use in various devices and
circuit. These modules are preferred to
seven segments and other multi segments
LEDs. The reason being: LCDs are
economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation of displaying special and even
custom characters (unlike in 7 segments),
animations and so on. A 16*2 LCD means it
can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character
is displayed in 5*7 pixel matrix. This LCD
has 2 registers , namely command and data.
LCD Display The command registers stores
the command instructions given to the
LCD. A command is an instruction given to
LCD to do a predefined task like initializing
it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor
position, controlling display etc. the data
registers stores the data to be display on the
LCD . the data is the ASCII value of the
character to be displayed on the LCD.
Features of 16×2 LCD module
 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
 Current consumption is 1mA
without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module,
meaning can display alphabets and
numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row
can print 16 characters.
  Each character is build by a 5×8 Data Pin
pixel box 9
2
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit Data Pin
mode 10
3
 It can also display any custom
Data Pin
generated characters 11
4
 Available in Green and Blue
Backlight Data Pin Microcontroller to send 8-
12
5 bit data.
Data Pin These LCD’s can also
13 operate on 4-bit mode in
6
such case Data pin 4,5,6
Data Pin
14 and 7 will be left free.
7
LED Backlight LED pin
15
Positive positive terminal
LED Backlight LED pin
16
Negative negative terminal

LCD modules are vey commonly used in

Pin Configuration most embedded projects, the reason being
its cheap price, availability and programmer
Pin Pin
Description friendly. Most of us would have come
No: Name:
across these displays in our day to day life,
Vss Ground pin connected to either at PCO’s or calculators. The
1
(Ground) system ground appearance and the pinouts have already
Vdd (+5 Powers the LCD with +5V been visualized above now let us get a bit
2
Volt) (4.7V – 5.3V) technical.
VE Decides the contrast level 16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16
3 (Contrast of display. Grounded to Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of
V) get maximum contrast. combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2,
10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is
Connected to the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have (16×2=32)
Register Microcontroller to shit 32 characters in total and each character
4
Select between command/data will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots. A Single
register character with all its Pixels is shown in the
Used to read or write data. below picture.
Read/Wri
5 Normally grounded to 2D model of 16×2 LCD module
te
write data to LCD
Connected to
Microcontroller Pin and
6 Enable
toggled between 1 and 0
for data acknowledgement
Data Pin
7
0 Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-
Data Pin bit data line. They can be
8 connected to
1

6. Resistors
The resistor is a passive electrical
component to create resistance in the flow
of electric current. In almost all electrical
networks and electronic circuits they can be
found. The resistance is measured in ohms.
An ohm is the resistance that occurs when a
current of one ampere passes through a
resistor with a one volt drop across its
terminals. The current is proportional to the
voltage across the terminal ends.
Resistors are used for many purposes. A few
examples include delimit electric current,
voltage division, heat generation, matching
and loading circuits, control gain, and fix
time constants. They are commercially
available with resistance values over a range
of more than nine orders of magnitude. They
can be used to as electric brakes to dissipate
kinetic energy from trains, or be smaller
than a square millimeter for electronics.
7. Light Emitting Diode
A light emitting diode is a two lead
semiconductor light source. It is a p-n
junction diode, which emits light when
activated. When a suitable voltage is applied
to the leads, electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons.
This effect is called electroluminescence,
and the colour of the light is determined by
the energy band gap of the semiconductor.
An LED is often small in area and
integrated optical components may be used
to shape its radiation pattern.
Early LEDs were often used as indicator
lamps for electronic devices, replacing small
incandescent bulbs. They were soon
packaged into numeric readouts in the form
of seven-segment displays, and were
commonly seen in digital clocks.
8. Potentiometer (POT)
A potentiometer is a three terminal resistor
with sliding or rotating contact that forms an
adjustable voltage divider. If only two
contacts are used, it acts as variable resistor
or rheostat. Here we have used an 2K POT.
So it has varying resistance up to 10K.
9. Program Code
The code for this project is divided into two:
The C# Application and the Arduino code to
run on the hardware. We have created a
simple communication protocol for this
project which consists of 6 commands. Each
command is 4 characters long and it can be
followed by some data. Each command
starts with the # character and it is
terminated by the \n symbol. This symbol
will tell the Arduino that the command is
complete so it can act. So we have the
following commands:
•STAR for Start
•STOP
•TEXT
•LED1
•LED2
•LED3
The STAR command tells the Arduino to
wait for commands from the computer. The
STOP command tells the Arduino that the
computer has disconnected from it. The
TEXT command is followed by the text we
want to display on the LCD. For example, if
we write #TEXTYOUTUBE\n on the serial
port the word YOUTUBE will appear on the
display.
The LED1, LED2 and LED3 commands
control the state of each LED. So if we
want to turn on the first LED we write the
following command to the serial port:
#LED1ON\n . If we want to turn off the
second LED we send the command
#LED2OF . The same thing applies to the
third LED as well.That’s the very basic
protocol we use in this project. Of course,
we can design many more commands. In
the code now at first, after the User
Interface is initialized we disable all the
controls. Then we get the available serial
ports on the computer and we load them on
the combox. When we press the Connect
button, the button1_Click method is called
and we try to connect to Arduino if we are
not already connected. In order to connect
to Arduino, we open the Serial port, and we
send a command to it. We simply write
#STAR\n to the serial port. Then we change
the button text and we enable all the
controls on the user interface. Now if we
write a text on the textbox and press the
write button, we get the text from the
textbox and write it to the Serial port with
the command TEXT. Also, when the state
one of the checkboxes changes we send the
command LED1 for example with the state,
on or off. Lastly, when we press the connect
button and we are already connected to
Arduino we send the STOP command.
Now let’s take a quick look at the Arduino
code. At first, we initialize the display. Then
we wait for serial data. When we receive
data on the serial port we save them in the
variable inputString until we receive the \n
character. When we receive this character
we know that command is complete, so we
have to act. If we receive the TEXT
command for example, we know that we
have to print something on the LCD
display. So, we remove the first five
characters from the inputString variable,
because that’s the command, we delete then
last 2 character which is the \n symbol and
we print the remaining characters on the
display. We do something similar when we
receive an LED command. We read the next
two characters after the command to see if
we need to turn the LED on or off and we
act accordingly. As you can see the Arduino
code is very simple, we just use so if
statements to respond to the commands sent
by the computer..
If we program the Arduino, we can see, that
the LCD display shows the message
“Ready to connect”, which means the
Arduino is programmed successfully and it
is waiting for commands from the
computer. Then we open the Computer
application, we select the serial port that
the Arduino is connected to and we press
connect.
Now we can control the Arduino from the
computer! How cool is that! Let’s now see
how to develop the computer software to
send commands to the Arduino.
 {
Arduino Code:- turnLedOff(led1Pin);
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> }
String inputString = ""; // a string to }
hold incoming data else if(commandString.equals("LED2"))
boolean stringComplete = false; // whether {
the string is complete boolean LedState = getLedState();
String commandString = ""; if(LedState == true)
int led1Pin = 10; {
int led2Pin = 11; turnLedOn(led2Pin);
int led3Pin = 12; }else
boolean isConnected = false; {
LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,4,5,6,7); turnLedOff(led2Pin);
void setup() { }
Serial.begin(9600); }
pinMode(led1Pin,OUTPUT); else if(commandString.equals("LED3"))
pinMode(led2Pin,OUTPUT); {
pinMode(led3Pin,OUTPUT); boolean LedState = getLedState();
initDisplay(); if(LedState == true)
} {
void loop() { turnLedOn(led3Pin);
if(stringComplete) }else
{ {
stringComplete = false; turnLedOff(led3Pin);
getCommand(); }
if(commandString.equals("STAR")) }
{ inputString = "";
lcd.clear(); }
} }
if(commandString.equals("STOP")) void initDisplay()
{ {
turnLedOff(led1Pin); lcd.begin(16, 2);
turnLedOff(led2Pin); lcd.print("Ready to connect");
turnLedOff(led3Pin); }
lcd.clear(); boolean getLedState()
lcd.print("Ready to connect"); {
} boolean state = false;
else if(commandString.equals("TEXT"))
{ if(inputString.substring(5,7).equals("ON"))
String text = getTextToPrint(); {
printText(text); state = true;
} }else
else if(commandString.equals("LED1")) {
{ state = false;
boolean LedState = getLedState(); }
if(LedState == true) return state;
{ }
turnLedOn(led1Pin); void getCommand()
}else {
 if(inputString.length()>0) stringComplete = true;
{ }
commandString = }
inputString.substring(1,5); }
}
}
void turnLedOn(int pin) C# Code:-
{ using System;
digitalWrite(pin,HIGH); using System.Collections.Generic;
} using System.ComponentModel;
void turnLedOff(int pin) using System.Data;
{ using System.Drawing;
digitalWrite(pin,LOW); using System.Text;
} using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO.Ports;
namespace ComputerToArduino
String getTextToPrint() {
{ public partial class Form1 : Form
String value =
inputString.substring(5,inputString.length() {
-2); bool isConnected = false;
return value; String[] ports;
} SerialPort port;

void printText(String text) public Form1()

{ {
lcd.clear(); InitializeComponent();
lcd.setCursor(0,0); disableControls();
if(text.length()<16) getAvailableComPorts();
{
lcd.print(text); foreach (string port in ports)
}else {
{ comboBox1.Items.Add(port);
lcd.print(text.substring(0,16)); Console.WriteLine(port);
lcd.setCursor(0,1); if (ports[0] != null)
lcd.print(text.substring(16,32)); {
} comboBox1.SelectedItem =
} ports[0];
void serialEvent() { }
while (Serial.available()) { }
// get the new byte: }
char inChar = (char)Serial.read(); private void button1_Click(object
// add it to the inputString: sender, EventArgs e)
inputString += inChar; {
// if the incoming character is a newline, if (!isConnected)
set a flag {
// so the main loop can do something connectToArduino();
about it: } else
if (inChar == '\n') { {
 disconnectFromArduino(); }
} }
} private void
void getAvailableComPorts() Led3CheckboxClicked(object sender,
{ EventArgs e)
ports = SerialPort.GetPortNames(); {
} if (isConnected)
private void connectToArduino() {
{ if (checkBox3.Checked)
isConnected = true; {
string selectedPort = port.Write("#LED3ON\n");
comboBox1.GetItemText(comboBox1.Sele }
ctedItem); else
port = new SerialPort(selectedPort, {
9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One); port.Write("#LED3OF\n");
port.Open(); }
port.Write("#STAR\n"); }
button1.Text = "Disconnect"; }
enableControls(); private void disconnectFromArduino()
} {
private void isConnected = false;
Led1CheckboxClicked(object sender, port.Write("#STOP\n");
EventArgs e) port.Close();
{ button1.Text = "Connect";
if(isConnected) disableControls();
{ resetDefaults();
if(checkBox1.Checked) }
{ private void button2_Click(object
port.Write("#LED1ON\n"); sender, EventArgs e)
}else {
{ if (isConnected)
port.Write("#LED1OF\n"); {
} port.Write("#TEXT" +
} textBox1.Text + "#\n");
} }
private void }
Led2CheckboxClicked(object sender, private void enableControls()
EventArgs e) {
{ checkBox1.Enabled = true;
if (isConnected) checkBox2.Enabled = true;
{ checkBox3.Enabled = true;
if (checkBox2.Checked) button2.Enabled = true;
{ textBox1.Enabled = true;
port.Write("#LED2ON\n"); groupBox1.Enabled = true;
} groupBox3.Enabled = true;
else }
{ private void disableControls()
port.Write("#LED2OF\n"); {
} checkBox1.Enabled = false;
 checkBox2.Enabled = false; {
checkBox3.Enabled = false;
button2.Enabled = false; }
textBox1.Enabled = false; }
groupBox1.Enabled = false; }
groupBox3.Enabled = false;
} Conclusion
private void resetDefaults() Thus we have learned to control Arduino
{ Uno using simple application made using
checkBox1.Checked = false; C# code using USB cable. Now we use our
checkBox2.Checked = false; own protocol for controlling other things
checkBox3.Checked = false; such as motors, lighting, pump, fan,
textBox1.Text = ""; industrial instruments etc. We have studied
} LCD, LED interfacing with Arduino Uno.
private void groupBox3_Enter(object Also we have studied how to use serial
sender, EventArgs e) communication.