Sergio Yansen Núñez

Recuerde:

a + ba − b = a 2 − b 2

a + ba 2 − ab + b 2  = a 3 + b 3

a − ba 2 + ab + b 2  = a 3 − b 3

En caso de existir, calcule los siguientes límites:

x+1 −2
1. lim
x→3 x2 − x − 6

x+7 −3
2. lim
x→2 x+2 −2

x2 + 7 − 4
3. lim
x→3 x2 − 5 − 2

7+ x −3
4. lim
x→4 x 2 − 3x − 4
3
x+9 −2
5. lim
x→−1 x + 7x + 6
2

3
x+6 −2
6. lim
x→2 3
x−3 +1
3
x 2 + 26 − 3
7. lim
x→1 x −2 +1
3 2

5+ 3x −2
8. lim
x→−1 3 7 + −x − 2

x + 3x −2
9. lim
x→1 x−1

2x − 3 4x
10. lim
x→2 x−2

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

Resolución

x+1 −2
1. lim
x→3 x2 − x − 6

Solución:

x+1 −2 x+1 −2 x+1 +2

lim =lim ⋅
x −x−6 x→3 x − 3x + 2
2
x→3 x+1 +2
2
x+1 − 22 x+1−4
=lim =lim
x→3 x − 3x + 2 x+1 +2 x→3 x − 3x + 2 x + 1 + 2

=lim x−3 =lim 1 = 1 = 1

x→3 x − 3x + 2 x + 1 + 2 x→3 x + 2 x+1 +2 3 + 2 3+1 +2 20

x+7 −3
2. lim
x→2 x+2 −2

Solución:

x+7 −3 x+7 −3 x+7 +3 x+2 +2

lim =lim ⋅ ⋅
x→2 x + 2 − 2 x→2 x+2 −2 x+7 +3 x+2 +2

x+7 −3 x+7 +3 x+2 +2

=lim ⋅
x→2 x+2 −2 x+2 +2 x+7 +3
2
x+7 − 32 x+2 +2 x + 7 − 9 x+2 +2
=lim 2
=lim
x→2 x+2 − 22 x+7 +3 x→2 x + 2 − 4 x+7 +3

x − 2 x+2 +2 x+2 +2 2+2 +2

=lim =lim = = 2
x→2 x − 2 x+7 +3 x→2 x+7 +3 2+7 +3 3

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

x2 + 7 − 4
3. lim
x→3 x2 − 5 − 2

Solución:

x2 + 7 − 4 x2 + 7 − 4 x2 + 7 + 4 x2 − 5 + 2
lim =lim ⋅ ⋅
x→3 x 2 − 5 − 2 x→3 x2 − 5 − 2 x2 + 7 + 4 x2 − 5 + 2

x2 + 7 − 4 x2 + 7 + 4 x2 − 5 + 2
=lim ⋅
x→3 x2 − 5 − 2 x2 − 5 + 2 x2 + 7 + 4

2
x2 + 7 − 42 x2 − 5 + 2
=lim 2
x→3 x2 − 5 − 22 x2 + 7 + 4

x 2 + 7 − 16 x2 − 5 + 2 x 2 − 9 x2 − 5 + 2 x2 − 5 + 2
=lim =lim =lim
x→3 x 2 − 5 − 4 x2 + 7 + 4 x→3 x 2 − 9 x2 + 7 + 4 x→3 x2 + 7 + 4

32 − 5 + 2
= = 1
32 + 7 + 4 2

7+ x −3
4. lim
x→4 x 2 − 3x − 4

Solución:

7+ x −3 7+ x −3 7+ x +3
lim =lim ⋅
x→4 x 2 − 3x − 4 x→4 x − 4x + 1 7+ x +3
2
7+ x −9 7+ x −9
lim =lim
x→4 x − 4x + 1 7+ x +3 x→4 x − 4x + 1 7+ x +3

2
x −2 x +2  x  − 22
=lim ⋅ =lim
x→4 x − 4x + 1 7+ x +3 x + 2 x→4 x − 4x + 1 7 + x + 3  x + 2

=lim x−4 =lim 1

x→4 x − 4x + 1 7 + x + 3  x + 2 x→4 x + 1 7 + x + 3  x + 2

= 1 = 1
4 + 1 7+ 4 +3 4 +2 120

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

3
x+9 −2
5. lim
x→−1 x + 7x + 6
2

Solución:
2
x+9 −2
3 3
x+9 −2 3
x+9 + 3 x + 9 ⋅ 2 + 22
lim 2 = lim ⋅
x→−1 x + 7x + 6 x→−1 x + 1x + 6
2
3
x+9 + 3 x + 9 ⋅ 2 + 22
3
3
x+9 − 23 x+9−8
= lim 2
= lim 2
x→−1 x + 1x + 6 3
x+9 +2 x+9 +4
3 x→−1 x + 1x + 6 3
x+9 + 23 x + 9 + 4

= lim x+1 = lim 1

2 2
x→−1 x + 1x + 6 3
x+9 + 23 x + 9 + 4 x→−1 x + 6 3
x+9 + 23 x + 9 + 4

lim 1 = 1
x→−1 −1 + 6 3
−1 + 9
2
+ 2 −1 + 9 + 4
3 60

3
x+6 −2
6. lim
x→2 3
x−3 +1

Solución:
3
x+6 −2
lim
x→2 3
x−3 +1
2 2
x+6 −2
3 3
x+6 + 3 x + 6 ⋅ 2 + 22 3
x−3 − 3 x − 3 ⋅ 1 + 12
=lim ⋅ 2
⋅ 2
x→2 3
x−3 +1 3
x+6 + 3 x + 6 ⋅ 2 + 22 3
x−3 − 3 x − 3 ⋅ 1 + 12
2 2
3
x+6 −2 3
x+6 + 23 x + 6 + 4 3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1
=lim 2
⋅ 2
x→2 3
x−3 +1 3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1 3
x+6 + 23 x + 6 + 4

3 2
3
x+6 − 23 3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1
=lim 3 2
x→2 3
x−3 + 13 3
x+6 + 23 x + 6 + 4

2 2
x + 6 − 8 3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1 x − 2 3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1
=lim 2
=lim 2
x→2 x − 3 + 1 3
x+6 + 23 x + 6 + 4 x→2 x − 2 3
x+6 + 23 x + 6 + 4

2 2
3
x−3 − 3x−3 +1 3
2−3 − 32−3 +1
=lim = = 3 = 1
x→2 3
x+6
2
+2 x+6 +43 3
2+6
2
+2 2+6 +4
3 12 4

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

3
x 2 + 26 − 3
7. lim
x→1 x −2 +1
3 2

Solución:

3
x 2 + 26 − 3
lim
x→1 3
x2 − 2 + 1
2 2
3
x 2 + 26 − 3
3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 ⋅ 1 + 12
=lim ⋅ 2
⋅ 2
x→1 3
x2 − 2 + 1 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 ⋅ 1 + 12

2 2
3
x 2 + 26 − 3 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 ⋅ 1 + 12
=lim 2
⋅ 2
x→1 3
x2 − 2 + 1 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 ⋅ 1 + 12 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2

3 2
3
x 2 + 26 − 33 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 + 1
=lim 3 2
x→1 3
x2 − 2 + 13 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2

2
x 2 + 26 − 27 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 + 1
=lim 2
x→1 x 2 − 2 + 1 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2

2
x 2 − 1 3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 + 1
=lim 2
x→1 x 2 − 1 3
x 2 + 26 + 3 x 2 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3 2

2 2
3
x2 − 2 − 3 x2 − 2 + 1 3
12 − 2 − 3 12 − 2 + 1
=lim = = 3 = 1
2 2 27 9
x→1 3
x + 26
2
+ x + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3
3 2 2 3
1 + 26
2
+ 1 + 26 ⋅ 3 + 3
3 2 2

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

5+ 3x −2
8. lim
x→−1 3 7 + −x − 2

Solución:
2
5+ 3x −2 5+ 3x −2 5+ 3x +2 3 7 + −x + 3 7 + −x ⋅ 2 + 2 2
lim lim = lim ⋅ ⋅ 2
x→−1x→−1 3 7 + −x − 2 x→−1 3 7 + −x − 2 5+ 3x +2 3 7 + −x + 3 7 + −x ⋅ 2 + 2 2
2
5+ 3x −2 5+ 3x +2 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4
= lim 2
⋅
x→−1 3 7 + −x − 2 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4 5+ 3x +2

2 2
5+ 3x − 22 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4
= lim 3
x→−1 3 7 + −x − 23 5+ 3x +2

2
5 + 3 x − 4 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4
= lim
x→−1 7 + −x − 8 5+ 3x +2
2
1 + 3 x  3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4 12 − 1 ⋅ 3 x +  3 x 
2
−x + 1
= lim ⋅ ⋅
x→−1  −x − 1 5+ 3x +2 1 − 1 ⋅ 3 x + 3 x 
2 2
−x + 1

2 2
1 + 3 x  1 − 3 x +  3 x  3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4 −x + 1
= lim ⋅ 2
x→−1  −x − 1 −x + 1 5+ 3x +2 1 − 3 x + 3 x 

3 2
13 +  3 x  3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4  −x + 1
= lim 2 2
x→−1  −x  − 1 2 5+ 3x +2 1 − 3 x + 3 x 

2
1 + x 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4  −x + 1
= lim 2
x→−1 −x − 1 5+ 3x +2 1 − 3 x + 3 x 

2
1 + x 3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4  −x + 1
= lim 2
x→−1 −x + 1 5+ 3x +2 1 − 3 x + 3 x 
2
3 7 + −x + 2 3 7 + −x + 4  −x + 1
= lim 2
x→−1 − 5+ 3x +2 1 − 3 x + 3 x 

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

2
3 7+ 1 + 23 7 + 1 + 4 1 +1
= 2
= −2
− 5 + 3 −1 + 2 1 − 3 −1 + 3
−1

x + 3x −2
9. lim
x→1 x−1

Solución:

x + 3x −2 x −1+ 3x −1 x −1 3 x − 1
lim =lim =lim +
x→1 x−1 x→1 x−1 x→1 x−1 x−1
2
x −1 x −1 x +1  x  − 12
lim =lim ⋅ =lim
x→1 x−1 x→1 x−1 x + 1 x→1 x − 1 x + 1

= lim x−1 =lim 1 = 1 = 1

x→1 x − 1 x + 1 x→1 x +1 1 +1 2

2
3 x −1 3 x − 1  3 x  + 3 x ⋅ 1 + 12
lim =lim ⋅
x→1 x−1 x→1 x−1 2
 3 x  + 3 x ⋅ 1 + 12
3
 3 x  − 13 x−1
=lim 2
=lim 2
x→1 x − 1  3 x  + 3 x + 1 x→1 x − 1  3 x  + 3 x + 1

=lim 1 = 1 = 1
x→1 3
2
 x + 3x +1 3
1
2
+ 1 +1
3 3

x −1 x −1
= 1 = 1 , entonces por álgebra de límites:
3
Como lim y lim
x→1 x−1 2 x→1 x−1 3

x −1 3 x − 1
lim + = 1 + 1 = 5
x→1 x−1 x−1 2 3 6

Límites
Sergio Yansen Núñez

2x − 3 4x
10. lim
x→2 x−2

2x − 3 4x 2x − 3 4x + 2 − 2 2x − 2 − 3 4x − 2
lim =lim =lim
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2

2x − 2 3
4x − 2
=lim −
x→2 x−2 x−2
2
2x − 2 2x − 2 2x + 2 2x − 22
lim =lim ⋅ =lim
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 2x + 2 x→2 x − 2 2x + 2

2x − 4 2x − 2 2
=lim =lim =lim = 2 = 1
x→2 x − 2 2x + 2 x→2 x − 2 2x + 2 x→2 2x + 2 2+2 2

2
3
4x − 2 3
4x − 2 3
4x + 3 4x ⋅ 2 + 2 2
lim =lim ⋅
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 3
4x
2
+ 3 4x ⋅ 2 + 2 2
3
3
4x − 23 4x − 8
=lim 2
=lim 2
x→2 x − 2 3
4x + 2 4x + 4
3 x→2 x − 2 3
4x + 2 3 4x + 4

4x − 2 4 4
lim =lim = = 1
x→2 x − 2 3
4x
2
+ 2 3 4x + 4 x→2 3
4x
2
+ 2 3 4x + 4 4 + 4 + 4 3

2x − 2 3
4x − 2
Como lim = 1 y lim = 1 , entonces por álgebra de límites:
x→2 x−2 2 x→2 x−2 3

2x − 2 3
4x − 2
lim − = 1 − 1 = 1
x→2 x−2 x−2 2 3 6

Límites