Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
College of Engineering
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Chapter One
Overview of Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Overview of Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Outline
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Basic Elements of a Fiber Optic Link
Transmission Media Alternatives to Fiber Optic
Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication
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Introduction
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Introduction Cont’d……..
One fiber can carry up to 6.4 Tb/s (1012 b/s) or 100 million
conversations simultaneously
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Introduction Cont’d……
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Historical Perspective
The use of visible optical carrier waves or light for communication
has been common for many years.
Simple systems such as signal fires, reflecting mirrors and, more
recently, signaling lamps have provided successful, if limited,
information transfer.
Moreover, as early as 1880 Alexander Graham Bell reported the
transmission of speech using a light beam.
The photo phone proposed by Bell just four years after the
invention of the telephone modulated sunlight with a diaphragm
giving speech transmission over a distance of 200 m.
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General Vs Optical Communication Systems
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General Vs Optical Communication Systems……..
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Basic Elements of a Fiber Optic Link
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Basic Elements of a Fiber Optic Link Cont’d…..
The Fiber – that carries the light
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Basic Elements of a Fiber Optic Link Cont’d…..
Optical Transmitter converts the electrical information to optical
format (E/O)
– Light Emitting Diode (LED): cheap, robust and used with MMF
in short range applications
• Surface emitting and edge emitting LED
– LASER Diode: high performance and more power, used with
SMF in high speed links
• Distributed Feedback (DFB) Laser – high performance
single mode laser
• Fabry-Perrot (FP) lasers – low performance multimode laser
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Basic Elements of a Fiber Optic Link Cont’d…..
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Transmission Media Alternatives to Fiber Optic
There are various wired and wireless media used for long and
short distance communication.
Their broad characteristics are summarized as follows.
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Transmission Media Alternatives to Fiber Optic
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Transmission Media Alternatives to Fiber Optic…..
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Comparison of Satellite and Optical communication….
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication
i. Enormous potential bandwidth:
The optical carrier frequency in the range 1013 to 1016 Hz (generally
in the near infrared around 1014 Hz or 105 GHz) yields a far greater
potential transmission bandwidth than metallic cable systems.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication…….
ii. Small size and weight:
Optical fibers have very small diameters which are often no greater
than the diameter of a human hair.
Hence, even when such fibers are covered with protective coatings
they are far smaller and much lighter than corresponding copper
cables.
This is a tremendous boon towards the alleviation of duct
congestion in cities, as well as allowing for an expansion of signal
transmission within mobiles such as aircraft, satellites and even
ships.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication……
iii. Electrical isolation:
Optical fibers which are fabricated from glass, or sometimes a
plastic polymer, are electrical insulators and therefore, unlike their
metallic counterparts, they do not exhibit earth loop and interface
problems.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication……
iv. Immunity to interference and crosstalk:
Optical fibers form a dielectric waveguide and are therefore free
from electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio-frequency
interference (RFI), or switching transients giving electromagnetic
pulses (EMPs).
Hence the operation of an optical fiber communication system is
unaffected by transmission through an electrically noisy
environment and the fiber cable requires no shielding from EMI.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication……
iv. Immunity to interference and crosstalk:
The fiber cable is also not susceptible to lightning strikes if used
overhead rather than underground.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication……
v. Signal security:
The light from optical fibers does not radiate significantly and
therefore they provide a high degree of signal security.
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Advantages of Optical Fiber Communication……
vii. Potential low cost:
The glass which generally provides the optical fiber transmission
medium is made from sand – not a scarce resource.
So, in comparison with copper conductors, optical fibers offer the
potential for low-cost line communication.
Although over recent years this potential has largely been realized
in the costs of the optical fiber transmission medium which for bulk
purchases has become competitive with copper wires, it has not yet
been achieved in all the other component areas associated with
optical fiber communications.
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The
End!
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