“Ethnicity: Key Issue 1”

“WHERE ARE ETHNICITIES DISTRIBUTED?”

“Rubenstein, p. 208 – 217”

● “DISTRIBUTION OF ETHNICITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES”

“1a. Define ethnicity:”
identity wit a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
“1b. Define race:”
identity within a group of people who share a biological ancestor

“Ethnic group” “% of US pop.” “2a. In the table at left, identify America’s four
Hispanic or 15% major ethnic groups (other than “white”). Give
Latino/Latina their percentage of the total US population and
African Americans 13% shade areas in which they are clustered on the
map.”
Asian American 4%
American Indian 1%

MAP PACKET

“2b. Provide an example to illustrate that African-Americans or Hispanics in the US are more urbanized (likely
to live in cities) than whites.” 90% of African Americans live in urban areas compared to 75% for all americans.
African Americans comprise 85% of the population in Detroit and only 7% in the rest of Michigan.
“2c. In what region of a typical American city are ethnic groups concentrated? Why there?”
The clustering of ethnicities is especially pronounced on the sclae of neighborhoods within cities.

“3. Complete the table below to summarize the historic migration patterns of African-Americans.”

“Forced Migration from “Immigration to the North” “Migration within cities (ghetto)”
Africa”
Africa to American colonies for South to North during the from inner-city ghettos to other
the slave trade in 18th century first half of the 20th century urban neighborhoods

● “DIFFERENTIATING ETHNICITY AND RACE”

“4. In terms of the concept of race…”

“(a) what is the “problem” with the way the US Census Bureau defines “Asian”?”
the Asian American ethnicity lumps together people with ties to many countries in Asia

“(b) what is the difference between “African-American” and “black”?”

the term black denotes nothing other than dark skin

“(c) how does the US Census Bureau consider Hispanic/Latino?”

the cencus does not consider Hispanic a race, so they can choose any race they wish

“5. What is racism?”

the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences
produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

“6. Describe each of the following concepts dealing with the geography of race.”
(a) “Separate But Equal” there could be seperate buildings and other things built for black people bu they
had to be made equally, however, they were not.

(b) “White Flight”instead of integrating with the black people moving into the same neighborhoods, the
whites fled.

(c) “Blockbusting”real estate agents convinced white people living near a black area to sell their homes at a
low price preying on their fears that black families would move in and cause the property values to
decrease

“7. Complete the case study as organized below.”

“CASE STUDY IN DIVISION BY RACE”

“SOUTH AFRICA”

“(a) Define apartheid:”the physical seperation of different races into different geographic areas
“(b) Explain the key components of the apartheid system:”
each of the four races ( white, black, mixed white and black, or asian), had a different legal status in South
Africa. It was created by a group of whites.

“(c) Complete the following timeline of South African history and annotate the map, using Figure 7-14”
● “1652”
● “1795”
● “1948”
●
● MAP
“1991”
“1994”

PACKET
“Ethnicity: Key Issue 2”
“WHY HAVE ETHNICITIES BEEN TRANSFORMED INTO NATIONALITIES?”
“Rubenstein, p. 217 – 224”

“1. Define nationality: identifies citizens of the United States of America, including those born in the country
and those who immigrated and became citizens

● “RISE OF NATIONALITIES”

“2. Though they are very similar, use the table below to show how nationality differs from ethnicity.”

“Ethnicity”
identifies groups with distinct ancestry and
cultural traditions, such as African
Americans, Hisoanic Americans, Chinese
Americans, or Polish Americans
“Nationality”
identifies citizens of the United States of
America, including those born in the country
and those who immigrated and became
citizens

“3. Define
each of the following related terms:”

● “Nation-State”a state whose territory

corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity
that has been transformed into a nationality
● “Self-Determination” the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

“CASE-STUDY: DENMARK”

“4. Why is Denmark a fairly good example of a nation-state?”

the territory occupied by the Danish ethnicity closely corresponds to the state of Denmark

“5. Two territories of Denmark prevent the country from being a “perfect” nation-state. List and describe
them in the table below.”
“Denmark’s non-Danish territories”

“Territory:”Faeroe Islands “Territory:”Greenland

“Description:” the 50,000 inhabitants of “Description:”only 12% of Greenlands

the Faeroe islands speak Faeroese 58,000 residents are considered Danish

“7. Regarding NATIONALISM”

“(a) What is it?”loyalty and devotion to a nationality

“(b) How do nations and states foster it?”supporting a state that preserves and enhances the culture and
attitudes of their nationality

“(c) What are centripetal forces?

an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

● “MULTINATIONAL STATES”
“8. What is a multiethnic state? Give an example.”
a state that contains more than one ethnicity; the United States

“9. What is a multinational state? Describe how the United Kingdom is an example.”
contain two ethnic groups with traditions to self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing
each other as distinct nationalities

“10. When the Soviet Union dissolved into 15 countries in the 1990s, the new countries were based on
ethnicities. They can be divided into 4 groups based on their location. Complete the chart below to indicate
the countries in each group. NOTE: Be sure to look at the map on p. 220 to familiarize yourself with the
locations of these countries.”
“Baltic region” Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
“(3 states)”

“Eastern Europe” Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine

“(3 states)”

“Central Asia” Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and

“(5 states)” Uzbekistan

“Caucuses” Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia Russia

“(3 states)”

“11. Note the major religion and language of each of the Baltic states.”
(a) Estonia- Protestant, Uralic language related to Finnish
(b)Lithuania-Roman Catholic, within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European language family
(c)Latvians- Lutheran, within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European language family

“12a. The ethnic divisions among the Eastern European states are blurred for what reasons?”
the three groups speak similar east Slavic languages and all are predominatly Orthodox Christians

“12b. What did the majority of Moldovans want when they gained independence? Who opposed this?”
they wanted reunification with Romania but the soviet union opposed this

“13a. What religions and languages are most common in the Central Asian countries?”
Muslim; Altaic languages

“13b. Have there been ethnic problems in Central Asia and, if so, where? If not, why not?”
yes, there is a civil war in Tajikistan, between former communists and an alliance of Muslim fundamentalists

“13a. How many different nationalities (ethnicities) are found in the country of Russia?”
39

“13b. Why are independence movements flourishing among these groups?”

Russia is less willing to suppress these movements forcibly than the soviet Union once had been

“13c. Russia has resisted the independence movement in Chechnya for what TWO reasons?”
i.it feared the other ethnicities would follow suit
 ii.Chchnya contained deposits of petroleum

“14. In the Caucasus region, there have been many problems with the new nations and ethnicities.
Summarize the main problem, and note specifics of regions and peoples, for each of the three main
ethnicities.”

“AZERIS (Azerbaijan)” “ARMENIANS (Armenia)”

Azeris tarce their roots to Turkish invaders who migrated Thousands of Armenians were killed
from Central Asia. After the Soviet union broke up in 1991, in massacres by thr Turks. After ww1,
the western part of the country Nakhichevan became the allies created an independent
seperted from the rest of the country state of Armenia.

“GEORGIANS (Georgia/Gruzny)”
Ethnic Georgians comprose 84% of the population. The
cultural diversity is a source of unrest, fighting for control.

● “REVIVAL OF ETHNIC IDENTITY”

“15. How did communists suppress the issues of ethnicity and nationalism? (Give several examples.)”
Used centripetal forces to discourage ethnicities from expressing their cultural uniqueness. Socialist Realism,
Russian language throughout Soviet Union

“16. With the fall of communist governments in the 1990's, what kinds of situations have arisen in what
places? (Give several examples.)”The Russian language was promoted as a centipetal device. The role of
organized religion was minimized, surpressing a cultural force that competed with the government.

“FRQ Practice:”

“Directions: Please brainstorm (come up with as much information as you can) the following potential APHG
FRQ for roughly 5 minutes. Then you will practice writing this FRQ.”
“1. The viability of any state depends on a balance between centripetal and centrifugal forces.”

“A. Define the concepts ‘centripetal force’ and ‘centrifugal force.’”

“B. Give a specific example of and explain a centripetal force that affects the viability of any of the states
shown on the map above.”

“C. With reference to a different specific example, explain a centrifugal force that affects the viability of
any of the states shown on the map above.

“A1. Define” “A2. Define”

an attitude that tends to unify people and an attitude that tends to spread groups out
enhance support for a state (centripetal)

“B1. Identify” “B1. Explain”

Ghandi Ghandi tried to change using peaceful protests

“C1. Identify” “C2. Explain”

religion Buddhism and Hinduism caused India wanting to split.

A centripetal force is an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state,
whereas a centrifugal state is the opposite. Centrifugal forces tear apart a state.
An example of a centripetal force in the area shown is Ghandi. Ghandi used peaceful protests
to fight for what he believed in. An example of a centrifugal force in the area on the map is
religion. At one point India wanted to split due to the division of Buddhists and Hindi people.