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Basic Safety Concept Occupational Health

Safety - It is the promotion and


- Freedom from accidents maintenance of the highest
- It is the control of Hazard and
degree of physical.
Accidents Types of hazard
-Is usually the result of contact of
- Physical
man with a source of energy above the
threshold limit of the body or structure?
- Chemical
- Biological
Hazard - Ergonomic
- The potential of an Act or
Condition that can lead to an
Physical Hazard
accident - Noise
Risk - Vibration
- Extremes of temperature
- The chance of physical or
personal loss. - Illumination
- Pressure
Three steps to Control Hazard and
Accidents Chemical Hazard
 Identify - Liquids
 Evaluate - Solids
 Correct - Gas
Identify the hazard Biological Hazard
- Inspection - Bacteria
- Investigation - Viruses
- Fungi
Evaluate
- Parasites
- OEL, TLV, PEL, NIOSH
Ergonomic Hazard
Correct the hazard
- Improper Tool
- Engineering control - Unnecessary Lifting
- Administrative control - Repetitive Motions
- Personal protective - Stress at Work
equipment
Noise Pressure
- Is harmful sound - This is the atmospheric force
that is constantly applied on
Frequency
the body.
- Measured in Hertz
Chemical Hazard
Loudness
Exposure Settings
- Intensity of the sound
- Oil and fuel
Duration - Dust
- Continuous intermittent burst - Solvents
- Metal welding fumes
Heat Stress - Acids
- When the body’s - Lead
temperature goes higher Routes of Entry into the body:
than 37 C
- Skin absorption
Thermoregulatory Mechanism - Ingestion
- Heat is first removed from - Inhalation
the organs producing it to - Injection
the skin by circulating blood - Eye contamination
to maintain a temp Biological Hazard
Cold Stress - Are the cause of infectious
- When body temperature disease that can originate
goes below than 36.5 C from people

Vibration Ergonomic Hazard

- Continuous low frequency - Cause pain and fatigue from


oscillation that is more likely various sources
felt than heard Components of Ergonomics
Illumination - Job
- Visibility of a workplace as a - Workstation
result of light. - Tool
- Man
Risk Factor of the Job: Machine Safeguarding
- Position - The handling of moving
- Force parts that are automated or
- Frequency manually operated.
Electrical Safety Hazards:
Circuit – protection devices: - Point of Operation
- Power Transmission
- Fuses
Apparatus
- Circuit breakers
- Other Moving parts
- Ground – fault circuit –
interrupters Protection from Guarding and
Safeguarding.
Lockout
Machine Guarding / Static
- Is blocking the flow of
protective
energy from the power
source to the equipment - Device that prevent access
to the moving parts
7 Steps of applying lock out
Dynamic protective
- Prepare
- Notify - Devices that react to a
- Shutdown workers presence. It may
- Isolate start or stop the operation of
- Apply a machine when you attempt
- Release to access it.
- Verify
Fall protection in Construction
Restarting the equipment
Categories of fall:
- Remove
- Work surface
- Check
- Against an object
- Remove LOTC
- From moving vehicle
- Notify
- From stairs
- Restore
- From edge of work
- Through an opening
- From one work level
- To the other
Surface protection against slipping Hand rail
and tripping hazard
- On the open side of stairs,
- Floors that may become ramps and other similar
slippery due to the work means of access, these
operation should be serve as both a physical
provided with a non-slip type barrier and means of support
surface to a worker moving up and
down.
Edge protection using fixed
barriers: Surface Opening Protection
Guardrail - It must be protected by
guard railing or secured
- Is a permanent or portable
wood or metal covers
structural system, consisting
of a top rail, mid rail and toe Travel Restraint Systems
boards secured to vertical
- Safety
posts.
belts/Lifelines/Lanyards/Anc
Specification of Guardrail: horage
- Is intended to limit a
- At least 1m from the floor
worker’s movement so the
level
worker is unable to reach a
- Vertical post should be at
location where there is a risk
least 2 meters apart
of falling.
- Can withstand a load at least
100 kgs. Fall Arrest Systems
- Toe board shall be atleast
- It does not prevent a fall it
15 cm
reduces the chance of injury
- Top rails and post at least 5
when a fall takes place
cm x 10 cm
- For pipe railing at least 30 Anchorage point
mm diameter. - Shall be located as high as
Warning barrier equipment’s permits it
- Issued to indicate to workers Life line
that they are approaching a - Part of the system that is
hazardous work area attached to the anchor point
and the user of the system.
Fall arrestor
- This is a device that
automatically locks onto the
lifeline when a fall occurs
Lanyard
- Is an approved device that
limits the force applied to the
user when a fall occurs?
Shock absorber
- Device that limits the force
applied to the user when a
fall occurs
Full body safety harness
- Designed to contain the
torso and pelvic area of a
worker and to support the
worker during and after a
fall.
Fall Containment Systems
- Safety net where it is
impractical to provide a fixed
barrier of fall arrest system.
Requirements include:
- Constructed of materials of
sufficient strength to catch
- There is sufficient tension
and clearance to prevent a
falling person
- It extends 2.5 m beyond the
edge of the work area and
not further than 7.5m below
the working surface.

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