- Freedom from accidents maintenance of the highest - It is the control of Hazard and degree of physical. Accidents Types of hazard -Is usually the result of contact of - Physical man with a source of energy above the threshold limit of the body or structure? - Chemical - Biological Hazard - Ergonomic - The potential of an Act or Condition that can lead to an Physical Hazard accident - Noise Risk - Vibration - Extremes of temperature - The chance of physical or personal loss. - Illumination - Pressure Three steps to Control Hazard and Accidents Chemical Hazard Identify - Liquids Evaluate - Solids Correct - Gas Identify the hazard Biological Hazard - Inspection - Bacteria - Investigation - Viruses - Fungi Evaluate - Parasites - OEL, TLV, PEL, NIOSH Ergonomic Hazard Correct the hazard - Improper Tool - Engineering control - Unnecessary Lifting - Administrative control - Repetitive Motions - Personal protective - Stress at Work equipment Noise Pressure - Is harmful sound - This is the atmospheric force that is constantly applied on Frequency the body. - Measured in Hertz Chemical Hazard Loudness Exposure Settings - Intensity of the sound - Oil and fuel Duration - Dust - Continuous intermittent burst - Solvents - Metal welding fumes Heat Stress - Acids - When the body’s - Lead temperature goes higher Routes of Entry into the body: than 37 C - Skin absorption Thermoregulatory Mechanism - Ingestion - Heat is first removed from - Inhalation the organs producing it to - Injection the skin by circulating blood - Eye contamination to maintain a temp Biological Hazard Cold Stress - Are the cause of infectious - When body temperature disease that can originate goes below than 36.5 C from people
Vibration Ergonomic Hazard
- Continuous low frequency - Cause pain and fatigue from
oscillation that is more likely various sources felt than heard Components of Ergonomics Illumination - Job - Visibility of a workplace as a - Workstation result of light. - Tool - Man Risk Factor of the Job: Machine Safeguarding - Position - The handling of moving - Force parts that are automated or - Frequency manually operated. Electrical Safety Hazards: Circuit – protection devices: - Point of Operation - Power Transmission - Fuses Apparatus - Circuit breakers - Other Moving parts - Ground – fault circuit – interrupters Protection from Guarding and Safeguarding. Lockout Machine Guarding / Static - Is blocking the flow of protective energy from the power source to the equipment - Device that prevent access to the moving parts 7 Steps of applying lock out Dynamic protective - Prepare - Notify - Devices that react to a - Shutdown workers presence. It may - Isolate start or stop the operation of - Apply a machine when you attempt - Release to access it. - Verify Fall protection in Construction Restarting the equipment Categories of fall: - Remove - Work surface - Check - Against an object - Remove LOTC - From moving vehicle - Notify - From stairs - Restore - From edge of work - Through an opening - From one work level - To the other Surface protection against slipping Hand rail and tripping hazard - On the open side of stairs, - Floors that may become ramps and other similar slippery due to the work means of access, these operation should be serve as both a physical provided with a non-slip type barrier and means of support surface to a worker moving up and down. Edge protection using fixed barriers: Surface Opening Protection Guardrail - It must be protected by guard railing or secured - Is a permanent or portable wood or metal covers structural system, consisting of a top rail, mid rail and toe Travel Restraint Systems boards secured to vertical - Safety posts. belts/Lifelines/Lanyards/Anc Specification of Guardrail: horage - Is intended to limit a - At least 1m from the floor worker’s movement so the level worker is unable to reach a - Vertical post should be at location where there is a risk least 2 meters apart of falling. - Can withstand a load at least 100 kgs. Fall Arrest Systems - Toe board shall be atleast - It does not prevent a fall it 15 cm reduces the chance of injury - Top rails and post at least 5 when a fall takes place cm x 10 cm - For pipe railing at least 30 Anchorage point mm diameter. - Shall be located as high as Warning barrier equipment’s permits it - Issued to indicate to workers Life line that they are approaching a - Part of the system that is hazardous work area attached to the anchor point and the user of the system. Fall arrestor - This is a device that automatically locks onto the lifeline when a fall occurs Lanyard - Is an approved device that limits the force applied to the user when a fall occurs? Shock absorber - Device that limits the force applied to the user when a fall occurs Full body safety harness - Designed to contain the torso and pelvic area of a worker and to support the worker during and after a fall. Fall Containment Systems - Safety net where it is impractical to provide a fixed barrier of fall arrest system. Requirements include: - Constructed of materials of sufficient strength to catch - There is sufficient tension and clearance to prevent a falling person - It extends 2.5 m beyond the edge of the work area and not further than 7.5m below the working surface.