Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NAME : Tapiwa
SURNAME : Munzanza
STUDENT ID : N0165644L
COURSE : Photogrammetry II
1
DECLARATION
I, Tapiwa Munzanza declare that this project is my own work, and that to the best of my
knowledge, no such project has been presented in any other Institution of higher learning for
the similar award.
Date ……………………………………………
Signature………………………………………
2
DEDICATION
The work and effort to produce this study are dedicated to my beloved brother Mr D.M.
Munzanza; my lovely sisters Norah and Talent without forgetting my dear brothers and
sisters residing in Chiredzi community.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to acknowledge the help of friends and colleagues. I am indebted to
my supervisor Mr.D Munzanza for his helpful suggestions/challenges and encouragement
which proved to be invaluable in the preparation of this work. I would like to thank my
lecturer Mr.A B Ncube for providing a wealth of project design and management skills,
materials and his tireless devotion. I am also indebted to all lecturers in this program. I also
thank the leadership and the people of Chiredzi town community for their acceptance and
cooperation. I am grateful to my lovely brother Mr D Munzanza for his financial support and
encouragement, to my lovely daughter Vanessa, and my encouraging classmates Anneas F
Mudzingwa and Isaac Betserai for their unwavering support, without forgetting my team
mates who assisted me during my studies.
4
Contents page
Theoretical framework…………………………………………9
Problem statement………………………………………………9
Site analysis……………………………………………………….12
Related project………………………………………………….13
Buildings elevation……………………………………………...18
Chapter 2………………………………………………………..19
Efficient building……………………………………………….19
Chapter 3………………………………………………………..22
Project schedule………………………………………………...24
Concluding remarks……………………………………………25
Conclusion………………………………………………………26
Recommendation……………………………………………….26
Reference ……………………………………………………….28
5
Project name : Proposing the construction of Chiredzi General Hospital in Chiredzi
Contacts : govmaluleke@yahoo.com
Contacts : 0734982735/6
Contacts : 0774563566
Contacts : tapiwamunzanza@gmail.com
6
1.0 Introduction
Developing a hospital for the residents of Chiredzi town came in mind as a result of high
death toll from curable diseases in the area. The rapid increase of population this urban area
has resulted in an easy spread of diseases. It is also aiming to improve living standards of
Chiredzi Community through provision of better social services and support community
initiatives towards poverty reduction. Good health is critical in the formative years of a child
from his or her birth. The ideal health environment and resources, being hospital with
optimum doctor patient ratio and adequate resources provide quality health facilities to the
community. For each patient to get the requisite health services, certain standards have to be
met by the health centre. This being the case, this study is aimed to analyse quality health
service provision in Chiredzi district. Beginning with a snapshot background of the research,
this opening chapter spells out different issues that stimulated the researcher to want to
embark on a research of this kind
7
2.0.0Theoretical literature review
2.0.1Introduction
The chapter surveys available literature on what has been said and documented by various
scholars in the area of health and community participation in order to lay consistent
foundation on the subject within an acceptable research framework.
World Health Organization constitution of 1948 defined health as state of complete physical,
social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Within the
context of health promotion, health has been considered less as an abstract state and more as
a means to an end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource which permits
people to lead an individually, socially and economically productive life. Health is a resource
for everyday life, not the object of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing social and
personal resources as well as physical capabilities. Zimbabwe as a member of World Health
Organisation has adopted this definition and is the one which has been used in the country.
The definition is appropriate one because it is known that health is encompassing all issues
surrounding the life of human being and not merely absence of diseases only.
The Zimbabwe ministry of health and child welfare stated that health is a human right.
Everyone should access the services from this ministry. Health is regarded by WHO as a
fundamental human right, and correspondingly, all people should have access to basic
resources for health. A comprehensive understanding of health implies that all systems and
structures which govern social and economic conditions and the physical environment should
take account of the implications of their activities in relation to their impact on individual and
collective health and well-being to increase control over the determinants of health and
thereby improve their health. This is applicable in Zimbabwe, because the government
understands the importance of health to its citizen and hence undertook different strategies in
order to make sure every Zimbabwean is able to access health services though due to
resource constrain t the process
8
Glossary of Terms Used in World Health Organisation (WHO) 1984 defined health for all as
the attainment by all the people of the world of a level of health that will permit them to lead
a socially and economically productive life. Health for All has serve d as an important focal
point for health strategy for WHO and it's Member States for almost twenty years. Although
it has been interpreted differently by each country in the light of its social and economic
characteristics, the health status and morbidity patterns of its population, and the state of
development of its health system, it has provided an aspiration goal, based on the concept of
equity in health. Zimbabwe has understood this and she is working on it though constrained
by resources but she has willingness to do so.
Zimbabwe, like many countries of the developing world, is faced with the challenge of
providing adequate health service s to all her people. However, available national resources,
especially finance, are insufficient to implement this mammoth task. Consequently, under the
Health Sector Reforms, the Government is working together with a number of other agencies
to help realise this goal. Within the Chiredzi town there is a large population of 21,6o8 people
that at present do not have access to health services in their locality. There is only one
government clinic located near this area but it does not address al l the health needs services.
In order to access these services the community people have to travel more than 1 0 km. The
roads in this area are not well passable thus during the night it is difficult to find transport to
9
access mother and child health services. As a result many expecting women deliver at home
or on the way without being attended by health personnel. This causes a high incidence of
maternal/child mortality.
Chiredzi general hospital is to be designed and expected to serve more than twenty two
thousand people. The expected area for the hospital is 7.5 hectors. Buildings to be
constructed include mortuary, maternity block, waiting room and reception block, ward block
for patience and hospital lab. Outside the buildings there is going to be soft landscaping and
also reflective finishers.
10
3.1.0 Objectives
11
To serve as an example to others and thus encourage national as well as international
initiatives to invest in health services in order to improve the over-all welfare of the
nation.
Provide facilities for carrying out medical research.
Reduce death rate from curable diseases.
Optimize delivery of healthcare and services to patients.
12
5.0.0 Project constraints
Under estimation of costs
Shortage of funds
Running out of time
Lack of cooperation between group members
Ignorance from the community
Red tape
5.1.1 Costs
5.1.2 Benefits
Infrastructural development
Employment creation
Utilising idle land
Health facilities to the community
Reduce child death rate in the community due to curable diseases
Improving people’s standards of living
14
The building below shows an efficient building for the case study. It is part of patience ward
buildings at Mwenezi Hospital. It is constructed using broad windows, reflective finishers
since the region experiences high temperatures. Flat but slopping roof, allow water to flow
down the roof and also reduce the effect of strong winds especially during the rain season.
15
6.0.0 Power – interest graph for the project sponsor
16
The highlighted part shows the site location of the Chiredzi General Hospital
17
The master plan shows:
Open space
3d buildings for the hospital
Parking space
Soft landscaping.
Hard landscaping.
Vegetation
Link routes
Hard surface at the hospital yard
Waste management point
Emergency exit points
18
Hospital building layout plan
side elevation
front elevation
roof of the buildings
foundation of the buildings
19
Chapter 2
1.0.0 Introduction
This chapter deals with an efficient building which is part of Chiredzi General Hospital
project. It also shows fully constructed buildings for the project. For example this part shows
efficient buildings of patience ward. The buildings constructed match the climatic conditions
in Chiredzi and also should accommodate a large number of people.
20
Fig (a) shows front view of the buildings
21
Fig © above shows part of side view and front view
Fig(d) above shows side view with windows of both ground floor and first floor.
22
Fig (f) shows distant view of patience ward building
23
Trusses are joined using gang nails so as to improve strength of joints
There is also a ceiling below trusses
A ceiling will act as a temperature controller in the building
Chapter 3
1.0.0 Introduction
The project implementation plan falls under this chapter. The way the project is going to be
put into action and also duties of each member are shown in this chapter.
Project team was divided into groups. Each group having a group leader
24
Group A 10 members
Group B 8 members
Group C 12 members
Group D 10 members
Group E 11 members
The project team is to be divided into groups to allow division of labour. Each group is going
to have a leader who has the ability to make decision and also communicate with his team
mates well. The group leader will report daily progress to the project manager. Project
director is the one who will be giving duties to each group as they are planned on paper.
Project manager will be leading progress of all duties tasked to the groups. In resource
management, the project manager is the one who is in charge of keeping record of what is
being used and what has been taken from the store room. Project director is the one who is
responsible for accepting deliveries from our suppliers.
25
delivery of
resources 5 days
Consultant
Consultants Cost per period temporary roads
period 3 weeks
levelling the site 2 weeks
accessing water
consultant 1 3 hours 150*3
main 6 days
consultant2 4 hours 100*4 making foundations 2 weeks
CONSULTA
NT $850 delivering building
SUBTOTAL materials 8 days
building
EQUIPMENT
foundations 1 week
surveying $ building up to
$15000
equipment - window level 10 days
construction putting window
$70000 $2000
tools frames 5 days
EQUIPMEN construction of ring
$85000 $4000
T SUBTOTAL beam 2 weeks
SUPPLIES dry period 7 days
construction up to
TRAVEL
roof 3 weeks
Transport
500 $ 300
costs roofing 5 weeks
Transport
200 $ 100.00
costs Glazing 2 weeks
TRAVEL $
$ 400.00
SUBTOTAL 700.00 electrical tubing 2 weeks
OTHER
$ 600
EXPENSES Plastering 3 weeks
Food 200 $ 350.00 Flooring 2 weeks
Allowances 150 $ 250.00 roof finishers 2 weeks
OTHER
$
EXPENSES $ 600.00
350.00
SUBTOTAL Painting 1 week
pavement 1 week
putting car par 1 week
garage 8 days
247 day
total time elapsed
Health is the right for all, and the National Health Policy recognizes this and is emphasizing
that, but due to resource constraints, the Government fails to provide health facilities to all .
26
Thu s through community participation needs assessment, these people identified the problem
that is facing their community and find that the solution is to build health centre. Goo d health
is the key of development because there is a vicious cycle between health and poverty. With
ill health people cannot participate in production fully, and will cause income poverty which
again will lead to poor health. Thus if this health centre is built in Chiredzi Community the
barrier to accessing health services will be reduced.
Evaluation will be carried out to assess the degree to which the intended objectives have been
achieved. Evaluation will be carried out as a continuous activity with the participation of all
stakeholders of the project, most important beneficiaries. The evaluation will be carried out
by the project management committee which will represent the community people as
beneficiaries and some officials from the health centre. They will assess whether the project
objectives have been achieved Six months after the commencement of health centre services,
the project management committee will collect information from the analysis of health centre
register books in order to:
• Gather records of number of men, females, children attended to the health centre to receive
health services.
• Know different health services the centre is providing e.g. Family planning Methods, Health
awareness programs, immunization etc.
Information will be obtained from the officials from a health centre and community people,
also from project monitoring report
This will be done through reviewing of health centre registers records, conducting interviews
with health staffs and community people.
2.2.0 Conclusion
The health policy has recognized the importance of involving community in achieving its
objectives however lacked implementation strategies/capacity to enhance effective
participation. As a result awareness of community participation in health issues is ineffective
and that is why many Zimbabwean do not know their right to health services. The health
policy (2002) is the one which is currently used to implementing health services, this is pity
as so many changes are happening and yet not reflected in the health policy. It is time to
formulate new policy which will include all necessary changes and new strategies in order to
achieve its objectives. Co-ordination between project team members will help in coming out
with the desired output.
27
2.3.0 Recommendation
Since health is a right for all, it is recommended that a health centre be constructed at
Chiredzi town centre through community participation but with the assistance of the Chiredzi
municipal , NGO's and member of parliaments
The findings also indicated Malaria as the main problem in this area; I suggest that a
community-based malaria control program be anchored on grass-root participation as a
community health initiative, with the support of personnel from the National Malaria Control
Program. Such a malaria control program will increase activities in malaria control, sensitize
the local populations on the mosquito bite prevention and avoidance of potential mosquito
breeding sites, early detection of symptoms and signs, standard dosage of SP for malaria
episodes or as a prophylaxis in pregnant women .
28
3.0.0 Reference
WHO, Geneva, 1984: Glossary of Terms use d i n health for all series.
29
30